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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian independence activist and politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">V. Subbiah</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Subbiah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Subbiah.jpg/220px-Subbiah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Subbiah.jpg/330px-Subbiah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Subbiah.jpg/440px-Subbiah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="927" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_senators_of_French_India" title="List of senators of French India">Senator for French India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 January 1947 – 7 November 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Le_Moignic" title="Eugène Le Moignic">Eugène Le Moignic</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1911-02-07</span>)</span>7 February 1911<br /><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1993-10-12</span>)</span>12 October 1993<br /><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saraswathi_Subbiah" title="Saraswathi Subbiah">Saraswathi Subbiah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Pondicherry, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calve_College_High_School,_Pondicherry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calve College High School, Pondicherry (page does not exist)">Calve College High School, Pondicherry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0898/f1808986.html">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Varadarajulu Kailasa Subbiah</b> (7 February 1911 – 12 October 1993)<sup id="cite_ref-sen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-age_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Indian communist politician from <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a> (now Puducherry). Subbiah was the secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_French_India" title="Communist Party of French India">Communist Party of French India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is regarded as the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">trade union movement</a> in the union territory.<sup id="cite_ref-hin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subbiah was one of the 'Tamrapatra awardees', awarded the decoration for their role in the Indian freedom struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_activism">Early activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born and raised in Pondicherry in <a href="/wiki/Balija" title="Balija">balija</a> family, Subbiah studied at the Calve College High School, but he was expelled from the school after organizing an agitation. The expulsion was however revoked as students and parents had protests against the decision. During the early phase of his political career, Subbiah was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. He founded the Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1933. Moreover, he launched a publication called <i>Sutantiram</i> ('Independence'). Soon he was recruited into the communist movement after having befriended <a href="/wiki/Dada_Amir_Haider_Khan" title="Dada Amir Haider Khan">Amir Hyder Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/S.V._Ghate" class="mw-redirect" title="S.V. Ghate">S.V. Ghate</a>. He took part in agitations in different areas of the Madras Presidency. He was jailed both by French and British colonial authorities, and moved underground when not in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labour_organiser">Labour organiser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Labour organiser"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1935 Subbiah organized a union of thousands of textile workers in Pondicherry. In July 1936, twelve textile workers were killed as French police opened fire on demonstrators in a bid to qualm the agitations of the union. The killings sparked uproar. Nehru asked Subbiah to travel to Paris to negotiate directly with the French government. Subbiah did so, and in Paris he was able to reach an agreement guaranteeing a law for an <a href="/wiki/8-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="8-hour day">8-hour day</a> for the workers in French India.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senator">Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946 Subbiah was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Representative_Assembly_of_French_India" title="Representative Assembly of French India">Representative Assembly of French India</a> as a candidate of the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_(French_India)" title="National Democratic Front (French India)">National Democratic Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 January 1947 he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(France)" title="Council of the Republic (France)">Council of the Republic</a> (the equivalent to the Senate in the <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">French Fourth Republic</a>) as a representative of French India.<sup id="cite_ref-sen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Paquirissamypoull%C3%A9" title="Maurice Paquirissamypoullé">Maurice Paquirissamypoullé</a> was also elected to represent French India in this election.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subbiah sat in the Republican and Resistance Union for the French Union (the parliamentary faction of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a>). He did not seek reelection in the renewal of 19 December 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-sen_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, there was a heated rivalry between Subbiah and <a href="/wiki/Edouard_Goubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Goubert">Edouard Goubert</a> (the leading pro-France politician in the colony), and Goubert's henchmen would engage in lynchings of communist activists.<sup id="cite_ref-c1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948 the French authorities served an arrest warrant against V. Subbiah, during which he lived in Pondicherry in disguise with the help of Mr. Thiruvengadam, a renowned freedom fighter from Pondicherry .<sup id="cite_ref-p2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1950 the office of the Communist Party, located in the private residence of V. Subbiah, was burnt down. The police chief was present at the scene, but police did not intervene.<sup id="cite_ref-c1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_independence_struggle">Leader of independence struggle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leader of independence struggle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-1951 the arrest warrant against V. Subbiah was withdrawn. V. Subbiah emerged as a major leader of the independence movement. In a public statement he called for the formation of a <a href="/wiki/United_front" title="United front">united front</a> compromising the Communist Party and other pro-independence groups.<sup id="cite_ref-p2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V. Subbiah met with Nehru on 13 August 1954 to discuss the prospects of the resistance struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 November 1954 France left French India. V. Subbiah returned from exile, meeting a hero's welcome from jubilant masses.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Independence_politics">Post-Independence politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Independence politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the integration of Pondicherry with the Indian Union, V. Subbiah became leader of the Opposition in 1954 and 1963. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly" title="Puducherry Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry</a> 1964-1969 for the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a>. In the coalition cabinet that governed the union territory 1969-1973 he served as Minister of Agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subbiah's wife, <a href="/wiki/Saraswathi_Subbiah" title="Saraswathi Subbiah">Saraswathi Subbiah</a>, also served as a legislator of the Communist Party of India in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his death in 1993, the government of Pondicherry erected a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_sculpture" title="Bronze sculpture">bronze statue</a> in his honour in Nellithope.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A government highschool in the union territory has been named after him. The Puducherry government also granted 10 million Indian rupees for the reconstruction of his house (that was donated by Subbiah to the people of Pondicherry in his will). The government has stated that the house will be used as an institute for social Sciences and research.<sup id="cite_ref-age_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 February 2011, Subbiah's birth centenary, the Indian government released a commemorative stamp of him. At the ceremony, Union Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs <a href="/wiki/V._Narayanasamy" title="V. Narayanasamy">V. Narayanasamy</a> praised Subbiah's role in the struggle against French rule in Pondicherry.<sup id="cite_ref-hin_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> STATUE LOCATION: Puducherry Government laid a Statue as memorial at Nellithope Signal (Near Maraimalai Adigal salai Cross Road, Nellithope Pondicherry-5). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Subbiah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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.reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sen_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sen_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sen_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of France">Senate of France</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/subbiah_cailacha0262r4.html">SUBBIAH Caïlacha</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-age-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-age_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New Age</i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newageweekly.com/2010/03/paying-homage-to-comrade-v-subbaiah-by.html">Paying Homage to Comrade V. Subbaiah</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UkAMAQAAIAAJ">New age</a></i>, Volume 3, Edition 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hin_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hin_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110213052619/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/08/stories/2011020851490300.htm">Commemorative stamp on Subbiah released</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/tributes-paid-to-freedom-fighter-v-subbiah/article6496753.ece">"Tributes paid to freedom fighter V. Subbiah"</a>. Puducherry. 13 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tributes+paid+to+freedom+fighter+V.+Subbiah&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fpuducherry%2Ftributes-paid-to-freedom-fighter-v-subbiah%2Farticle6496753.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AV.+Subbiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcollectif2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">collectif (2012), "PAQUIRISSAMY-POULLÉ (Maurice)", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/paquirissamypoulle_maurice0342r4.html#1940-1958"><i>Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1940 à 1958</i></a> (in French), vol. 6 (P-Z), Paris: La Documentation française, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2110079930" title="Special:BookSources/978-2110079930"><bdi>978-2110079930</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=PAQUIRISSAMY-POULL%C3%89+%28Maurice%29&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+parlementaires+fran%C3%A7ais+de+1940+%C3%A0+1958&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=La+Documentation+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2110079930&rft.au=collectif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Fsenateur-4eme-republique%2Fpaquirissamypoulle_maurice0342r4.html%231940-1958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AV.+Subbiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neogy, Ajit K. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5yNuAAAAMAAJ">Decolonization of French India: Liberation Movement and Indo-French Relations, 1947-1954</a></i>. Pondichéry: Institut français de Pondichéry, 1997. p. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA21">Criminal Justice India Series</a></i>. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA20">Criminal Justice India Series</a></i>. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chopra, Pran Nath. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4fBtAAAAMAAJ">Encyclopaedia of India: Pondicherry</a></i>. New Delhi, India: Rima Pub. House, 1992. p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA31">Criminal Justice India Series</a></i>. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002. p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531192304/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/05/stories/2005060507490600.htm">Saraswathi Subbaiah passes away</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904104808/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/10/13/stories/2007101362770700.htm">Tributes paid to freedom fighter</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></i></span> 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