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hospital</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: green hospital"> <meta name="keywords" content="green hospital"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="green hospital"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3255</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: green hospital</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3255</span> Inhibitions in Implementing Green Supply Chain Management at Hospitals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aruna">M. Aruna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uma%20Gunasilan"> Uma Gunasilan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hospitals play an ample role in securing the health of a country. Nevertheless, they also have an unhealthy side. Ecological issues strengthen ill-health throughout the domain which subsequently puts pressure on hospital supply chains. Medical waste indeed is hazardous for environment and subsequently for human. The hospital waste management is of immense prominence due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can source many effects on human health and the environment. Government regulations and public cognizance regarding hospital waste issues have imposed hospital units to admit these strategies. The innovative technologies and instruments have been developed to handle hospital wastes. Green supply chain management practices are common in the United States. In India, Green Supply Chain management (GSCM) has just started to be recognized and practiced. GSCM are green, integrated and ecologically optimized. In Green supply chain management environmental sustainability is found to be an important driver. Eleven barriers are identified in this work. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique is used for ranking the obstructions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20supply%20chain%20management%20%28GSCM%29" title="green supply chain management (GSCM)">green supply chain management (GSCM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20waste%20management%20%28HWM%29" title=" hospital waste management (HWM)"> hospital waste management (HWM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretive%20structural%20modeling%20%28ISM%29" title=" interpretive structural modeling (ISM)"> interpretive structural modeling (ISM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20waste%20%28MW%29" title=" medical waste (MW)"> medical waste (MW)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71151/inhibitions-in-implementing-green-supply-chain-management-at-hospitals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3254</span> The Investigation of Green Building Certification on the Productivity and Mental and Physical Health of Building's Occupants in Tehran, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armin%20Samarghandi">Armin Samarghandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Jafari"> Amirreza Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Ghiasi"> Mohamad Ghiasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous assertions and some empirical evidence imply that 'green' buildings ought to be more productive and healthier (mentally and physiologically) than conventional structures. Since then, empirical data has been equivocal, indicating either that the studies are inaccurate or that the research has just scratched the surface of green buildings in offices, accommodation, and hospital settings and not taken the aforementioned holistically. This study compared four green-certified buildings -one residential green building, one green hospital, and one green school- with conventional structures in Tehran, Iran, by means of a questionnaire spread among those utilizing these buildings, and assessing their productivity and health rate as opposed to the time they resided, worked in conventional buildings. The results demonstrated higher scores pertaining to productivity and physical and mental wellness as a consequence of better indoor environmental quality (IEQ), natural lighting, design, and sustainability of these buildings against non-green buildings. In addition, ancillary matters -environmental, financial, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of participants- were indirectly evaluated, and the same results were produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title="green building">green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEED" title=" LEED"> LEED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20and%20mental%20health" title=" physical and mental health"> physical and mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environmental%20quality" title=" indoor environmental quality"> indoor environmental quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153480/the-investigation-of-green-building-certification-on-the-productivity-and-mental-and-physical-health-of-buildings-occupants-in-tehran-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3253</span> Green Construction in EGYPT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Anwar">Hanan A. Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces green building construction in Egypt with different concepts and practices. The following study includes green building applied definition, guidelines, regulations and Standards. Evaluation of cost/benefit of green construction methods and green construction rating systems are presented. Relevant case studies will be reviewed. Four sites will be included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20construction" title="green construction">green construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecofreindly" title=" ecofreindly"> ecofreindly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-sufficient%20town" title=" self-sufficient town"> self-sufficient town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20neutral%20atmosphere" title=" carbon neutral atmosphere"> carbon neutral atmosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630/green-construction-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3252</span> Contextual Paper on Green Finance: Analysis of the Green Bonds Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20H.%20Gabr">Dina H. Gabr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20A.%20El%20Bannan"> Mona A. El Bannan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With growing worldwide concern for global warming, green finance has become the fuel that pushes the world to act in combating and mitigating climate change. Coupled with adopting the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Green finance became a vital tool in creating a pathway to sustainable development, as it connects the financial world with environmental and societal benefits. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the concepts and definitions of green finance and the importance of 'green' impact investments today. The core challenge in combating climate change is reducing and controlling Greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, this study explores the solutions green finance provides putting emphasis on the use of renewable energy, which is necessary for enhancing the transition to the green economy. With increasing attention to the concept of green finance, multiple forms of green investments and financial tools have come to fruition; the most prominent are green bonds. The rise of green bonds, a debt market to finance climate solutions, provide a promising mechanism for sustainable finance. Following the review, this paper compiles a comprehensive green bond dataset, presenting a statistical study of the evolution of the green bonds market from its first appearance in 2006 until 2021. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20bonds" title=" green bonds"> green bonds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20finance" title=" green finance"> green finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20finance" title=" sustainable finance"> sustainable finance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149244/contextual-paper-on-green-finance-analysis-of-the-green-bonds-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3251</span> Integrated Evaluation of Green Design and Green Manufacturing Processes Using a Mathematical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Jye%20Tseng">Yuan-Jye Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Han%20Lin"> Shin-Han Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, a mathematical model for integrated evaluation of green design and green manufacturing processes is presented. To design a product, there can be alternative options to design the detailed components to fulfill the same product requirement. In the design alternative cases, the components of the product can be designed with different materials and detailed specifications. If several design alternative cases are proposed, the different materials and specifications can affect the manufacturing processes. In this paper, a new concept for integrating green design and green manufacturing processes is presented. A green design can be determined based the manufacturing processes of the designed product by evaluating the green criteria including energy usage and environmental impact, in addition to the traditional criteria of manufacturing cost. With this concept, a mathematical model is developed to find the green design and the associated green manufacturing processes. In the mathematical model, the cost items include material cost, manufacturing cost, and green related cost. The green related cost items include energy cost and environmental cost. The objective is to find the decisions of green design and green manufacturing processes to achieve the minimized total cost. In practical applications, the decision-making can be made to select a good green design case and its green manufacturing processes. In this presentation, an example product is illustrated. It shows that the model is practical and useful for integrated evaluation of green design and green manufacturing processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title="supply chain management">supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20supply%20chain" title=" green supply chain"> green supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20design" title=" green design"> green design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20manufacturing" title=" green manufacturing"> green manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10104/integrated-evaluation-of-green-design-and-green-manufacturing-processes-using-a-mathematical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">807</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3250</span> Sustainable Building Law - The Legal Issues Abound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20J.%20Sobelsohn">Richard J. Sobelsohn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green Building and Sustainable Development help fight climate change, and protects the ozone, animal habitats, air quality, and ground water. The myriad of reasons to go Green has multiplied to the point that a developer that is building a ground-up or renovating/retrofitting a property has a plethora of choices to get to the green goal post. Sustainability not affects the bottom line but satisfies corporate mandates (ESG), consumer demand, market requirements, and the many laws dictating green building practices. The good news is that there are many paths a property owner can take to become green. The bad news is that there are many paths a property owner can take to become green, and they need to choose which direction to take. Certification of a building used to be the highest achievement in the Green building world. Now there are so many variables and laws with which a property owner must comply, and the legal analysis has mushroomed. Operation and Maintenance have also become one of the most important functions for a prudent Green Building owner. So adding to the “development/retrofit” parties involved in the sustainable building legal world, we now need to include all those people who keep the building green, and there are a lot of them! <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title="green building">green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20issues" title=" legal issues"> legal issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenwashing" title=" greenwashing"> greenwashing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20cleaning" title=" green cleaning"> green cleaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliance" title=" compliance"> compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESQ" title=" ESQ"> ESQ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154541/sustainable-building-law-the-legal-issues-abound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3249</span> Heat: A Healthy Eating Programme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osagbai%20Joshua%20Eriki">Osagbai Joshua Eriki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Agunwamba"> Ngozi Agunwamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Hill"> Alice Hill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorna%20Almond"> Lorna Almond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maniya%20Duffy"> Maniya Duffy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devashini%20Naidoo"> Devashini Naidoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Ho"> David Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20Deo"> Raman Deo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: To evaluate the baseline eating pattern in a psychiatric hospital through quantifying purchases of food and drink items at the hospital shop and to implement a traffic light healthy eating labeling system. Method: A electronic till with reporting capabilities was purchased. A two-week period of baseline data collection was conducted. Thereafter, a system for labeling items based on the nutritional value of the food items at the hospital shop was implemented. Green labeling represented the items with the lowest calories and red the most. Further data was collated on the number and types of items purchased by patients according to the category, and the initial effectiveness of the system was evaluated. Result: Despite the implementation of the traffic light system, the red category had the highest number of items purchased by patients, highlighting the importance of promoting healthy eating choices. However, the study also showed that the system was effective in promoting healthy options, as the number of items purchased from the green category increased during the study period. Conclusion: The implementation of a traffic light labeling system for items sold at the hospital shop offers a promising approach to promoting healthy eating habits and choices. This is likely to contribute to a toolkit of measures when considering the multifactorial challenges that obesity and weight issues pose for long-stay psychiatric inpatients <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title="mental health">mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title=" food"> food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy" title=" healthy"> healthy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165655/heat-a-healthy-eating-programme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3248</span> Using a GIS-Based Method for Green Infrastructure Accessibility of Different Socio-Economic Groups in Auckland, New Zealand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Ma">Jing Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xindong%20An"> Xindong An</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green infrastructure, the most important aspect of improving the quality of life, has been a crucial element of the liveability measurement. With demanding of more liveable urban environment from increasing population in city area, access to green infrastructure in walking distance should be taken into consideration. This article exemplifies the study on accessibility measurement of green infrastructure in central Auckland (New Zealand), using network analysis tool on the basis of GIS, to verify the accessibility levels of green infrastructure. It analyses the overall situation of green infrastructure and draws some conclusions on the city’s different levels of accessibility according to the categories and facilities distribution, which provides valuable references and guidance for the future facility improvement in planning strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title="quality of life">quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title=" green infrastructure"> green infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40617/using-a-gis-based-method-for-green-infrastructure-accessibility-of-different-socio-economic-groups-in-auckland-new-zealand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3247</span> Analytic Hierarchy Process Method for Supplier Selection Considering Green Logistics: Case Study of Aluminum Production Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Erbiyik">H. Erbiyik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bal"> A. Bal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sirakaya"> M. Sirakaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96.%20Yesildal"> Ö. Yesildal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Yolcu"> E. Yolcu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of many environmental issues began with the Industrial Revolution. The depletion of natural resources and emerging environmental challenges over time requires enterprises and managers to take into consideration environmental factors while managing business. If we take notice of these causes; the design and implementation of environmentally friendly green purchasing, production and waste management systems become very important at green logistics systems. Companies can adopt green supply chain with the awareness of these facts. The concept of green supply chain constitutes from green purchasing, green production, green logistics, waste management and reverse logistics. In this study, we wanted to identify the concept of green supply chain and why green supply chain should be applied. In the practice part of the study an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) study is conducted on an aluminum production company to evaluate suppliers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20sector" title="aluminum sector">aluminum sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title=" analytic hierarchy process"> analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20logistics" title=" green logistics"> green logistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53773/analytic-hierarchy-process-method-for-supplier-selection-considering-green-logistics-case-study-of-aluminum-production-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3246</span> Building Green Infrastructure Networks Based on Cadastral Parcels Using Network Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gon%20Park">Gon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seoul in South Korea established the 2030 Seoul City Master Plan that contains green-link projects to connect critical green areas within the city. However, the plan does not have detailed analyses for green infrastructure to incorporate land-cover information to many structural classes. This study maps green infrastructure networks of Seoul for complementing their green plans with identifying and raking green areas. Hubs and links of main elements of green infrastructure have been identified from incorporating cadastral data of 967,502 parcels to 135 of land use maps using geographic information system. Network analyses were used to rank hubs and links of a green infrastructure map with applying a force-directed algorithm, weighted values, and binary relationships that has metrics of density, distance, and centrality. The results indicate that network analyses using cadastral parcel data can be used as the framework to identify and rank hubs, links, and networks for the green infrastructure planning under a variable scenarios of green areas in cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadastral%20data" title="cadastral data">cadastral data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20Infrastructure" title=" green Infrastructure"> green Infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20analysis" title=" network analysis"> network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parcel%20data" title=" parcel data"> parcel data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96643/building-green-infrastructure-networks-based-on-cadastral-parcels-using-network-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3245</span> Magnitude of Green Computing in Trending IT World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghul%20Vignesh%20Kumar">Raghul Vignesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vadivel"> M. Vadivel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the recent years many industries and companies have turned their attention in realizing how going 'green' can benefit public relations, lower cost, and reduce global emissions from industrial manufacturing. Green Computing has become an originative way on how technology and ecology converge together. It is a growing import subject that creates an urgent need to train next generation computer scientists or practitioners to think ‘green’. However, green computing has not yet been well taught in computer science or computer engineering courses as a subject. In this modern IT world it’s impossible for an organization or common man to work without hardware like servers, desktop, IT devices, smartphones etc. But it is also important to consider the harmful impact of those devices and steps to achieve energy saving and environmental protection. This paper presents the magnitude of green computing and steps to be followed to go green. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20computing" title="green computing">green computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon-dioxide" title=" carbon-dioxide"> carbon-dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20protection%20agency" title=" environmental protection agency"> environmental protection agency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5830/magnitude-of-green-computing-in-trending-it-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3244</span> The Gap of Green Consumption Behavior: Driving from Attitude to Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Du">Yu Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Guo%20Wang"> Jian-Guo Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green consumption is a key link to develop the ecological economy, and consumers are vital to carry out green consumption. With environmental awareness gradually being aroused, consumers often fail to turn their positive attitude into actual green consumption behavior. According to behavior reasoning theory, reasons for adoption have a direct (positive) influence on consumers’ attitude while reasons against adoption have a direct (negative) influence on consumers’ adoption intentions, the incongruous coexistence of which leads to the attitude-behavior gap of green consumption. Based on behavior reasoning theory, this research integrates reasons for adoption and reasons against adoption into a proposed model, in which reasons both for and against green consumption mediate the relationship between consumer’ values, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. It not only extends the conventional theory of reasoned action but also provides a reference for the government and enterprises to design the repairing strategy of green consumption attitude-behavior gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20product" title="green product">green product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude-behavior%20gap" title=" attitude-behavior gap"> attitude-behavior gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20reasoning%20theory" title=" behavior reasoning theory"> behavior reasoning theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20consumption" title=" green consumption"> green consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67644/the-gap-of-green-consumption-behavior-driving-from-attitude-to-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3243</span> Removal of Brilliant Green in Environmental Samples by Poly Ethylene Terephthalate Granule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayon%20Ahmad%20Panahi">Homayon Ahmad Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nika%20Shakerin"> Nika Shakerin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farahnaz%20Zolriasatain"> Farahnaz Zolriasatain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Moniri"> Elham Moniri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, poly-ethylene terephthalate granule was prepared from Tak Corporation. The granule was characterized by fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Then the effects of various parameters on brilliant green sorption such as pH, contact time were studied. The optimum pH value for sorption of brilliant green was 6. The sorption capacity of the granule for brilliant green was 4.6 mg g−1. The profile of brilliant green uptake on this sorbent reflects a good accessibility of the chelating sites in the poly-ethylene terephthalate granule. The developed method was utilized for the determination of brilliant green in environmental water samples by UV/Vis spectrophotometry with satisfactory results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-ethylene%20terephthalate%20granule" title="poly-ethylene terephthalate granule">poly-ethylene terephthalate granule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brilliant%20green" title=" brilliant green"> brilliant green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sample" title=" environmental sample"> environmental sample</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal" title=" removal"> removal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1520/removal-of-brilliant-green-in-environmental-samples-by-poly-ethylene-terephthalate-granule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3242</span> A Review on the Development and Challenges of Green Roof Systems in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Chow">M. F. Chow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Abu%20Bakar"> M. F. Abu Bakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green roof system is considered a relatively new concept in Malaysia even though it has been implemented widely in the developed countries. Generally, green roofs provide many benefits such as enhancing aesthetical quality of the built environment, reduce urban heat island effect, reduce energy consumption, improve stormwater attenuation, and reduce noise pollution. A better understanding on the implementation of green roof system in Malaysia is crucial, as Malaysia’s climate is different if compared with the climate in temperate countries where most of the green roof studies have been conducted. This study has concentrated on the technical aspect of green roof system which focuses on i) types of plants and method of planting; ii) engineering design for green roof system; iii) its hydrological performance on reducing stormwater runoff; and iv) benefits of green roofs with respect to energy. Literature review has been conducted to identify the development and obstacles associated with green roofs systems in Malaysia. The study had identified the challenges and potentials of green roofs development in Malaysia. This study also provided the recommendations on standard design and strategies on the implementation of green roofs in Malaysia in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20design" title="engineering design">engineering design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title=" green roof"> green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20countries" title=" tropical countries"> tropical countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35264/a-review-on-the-development-and-challenges-of-green-roof-systems-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3241</span> The Relationship between Absorptive Capacity and Green Innovation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hashim">R. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Bock"> A. J. Bock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Cooper"> S. Cooper </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Absorptive capacity generally facilitates the adoption of innovation. How does this relationship change when economic return is not the sole driver of innovation uptake? We investigate whether absorptive capacity facilitates the adoption of green innovation based on a survey of 79 construction companies in Scotland. Based on the results of multiple regression analyses, we confirm that existing knowledge utilisation (EKU), knowledge building (KB) and external knowledge acquisition (EKA) are significant predictors of green process GP), green administrative (GA) and green technical innovation (GT), respectively. We discuss the implications for theories of innovation adoption and knowledge enhancement associated with environmentally-friendly practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorptive%20capacity" title="absorptive capacity">absorptive capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title=" construction industry"> construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20innovation" title=" green innovation"> green innovation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18052/the-relationship-between-absorptive-capacity-and-green-innovation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3240</span> Clients’ Priorities in Design and Delivery of Green Projects: South African Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Mothobiso">Charles Mothobiso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to identify the client’s main priority when delivering green projects. The aim is to compare whether clients’ interests are similar when delivering conventional buildings as compared to green buildings. Private clients invest more in green buildings as compared to government and parastatal entities. Private clients prioritize on maximizing a return on investment and they mainly invest in energy-saving buildings that have low life cycle costs. Private clients are perceived to be more knowledgeable about the benefits of green building projects as compared to government and parastatal clients. A shortage of expertise and managerial skill leads to the low adaptation of green buildings in government and parastatal projects. Other factors that seem to prevent the adoption of green buildings are the preparedness of the supply chain within the industry and inappropriate procurement strategies adopted by clients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20clients" title="construction clients">construction clients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20team" title=" design team"> design team</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20buildings" title=" green buildings"> green buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement" title=" procurement"> procurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55634/clients-priorities-in-design-and-delivery-of-green-projects-south-african-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3239</span> Economic Value Added of Green Marketing for Urban Commerical Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Wei%20Hsu">Kuo-Wei Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Ting"> Yen-Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu"> Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, green marketing issues have emerged as the developing direction for local governments and social enterprises. At the same time, many social enterprises have considered how to effectively create a low-carbon and sustainable environment. Local government has a role to play in promoting low-carbon life styles and creating a green sustainable environment within this green marketing trend. Therefore, urban commercial centers have implemented relevant plans such as: Green Store, Green Action Shops, Green Restaurants and Green Hotels. The purpose of these plans to select the commercial center organizations have potential energy saving demonstration and environmental greenification. These organizations are willing to provide assistance counseling and become a green demonstration district, thereby promoting the major shopping district to take the initiative to enhance its green competitiveness. Finally, they create a new landscape for the commercial center. Studies on green marketing in commercial centers are seen as less attractive and only a few studies for commercial centers have focused on green marketing strategies. There is no empirical evidence for how commercial center managers evaluate a commercial center green marketing strategy. This research investigated the major commercial centers in Taichung City and found green marketing helps to enhance the connection between the urban commercial center value and society value, shape corporate image with social responsibility and create brand value, and therefore impact the increase of economic value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20value%20added" title="economic value added">economic value added</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20marketing" title=" green marketing"> green marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20environment" title=" sustainable environment"> sustainable environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20commercial%20center." title=" urban commercial center."> urban commercial center.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40894/economic-value-added-of-green-marketing-for-urban-commerical-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3238</span> Assessment of the Relationship between Energy Price Dynamics and Green Growth in the Sub-Sharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20I.%20Ifeacho">Christopher I. Ifeacho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeleke%20Omolade"> Adeleke Omolade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the relationship between energy price dynamics and green growth in Sub Sahara African Countries. The quest for adopting green energy in order to improve green growth that can engender sustainability and stability has received more attention from researchers in recent times. This study uses a panel autoregressive distributed lag approach to investigate this relationship. Findings from the result showed that energy price dynamics and exchange rates have more short-run significant impacts on green growth in individual countries rather than the pooled result. Furthermore, the long-run result confirmed that inflation and capital have a significant long-run relationship with green growth. The causality test result revealed the existence of a bi-directional relationship between green growth and energy price dynamics. The study recommends caution in a currency devaluation and improvement in renewable energy production in the Sub Sahara Africa in order to achieve sustainable green growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20growth" title="green growth">green growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20price%20dynamics" title=" energy price dynamics"> energy price dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub%20Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub Saharan Africa"> Sub Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship" title=" relationship"> relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168303/assessment-of-the-relationship-between-energy-price-dynamics-and-green-growth-in-the-sub-sharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3237</span> The Use of Appeals in Green Printed Advertisements: A Case of Product Orientation and Organizational Image Orientation Ads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chutima%20Ruanguttamanun">Chutima Ruanguttamanun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the relatively large number of studies that have examined the use of appeals in advertisements, research on the use of appeals in green advertisements is still underdeveloped and needs to be investigated further, as it is definitely a tool for marketers to create illustrious ads. In this study, content analysis was employed to examine the nature of green advertising appeals and to match the appeals with the green advertisements. Two different types of green print advertisings, product orientation and organizational image orientation were used. Thirty highly educated participants with different backgrounds were asked individually to ascertain three appeals out of thirty-four given appeals found among forty real green advertisements. To analyze participant responses and to group them based on common appeals, two-step K-mean clustering is used. The clustering solution indicates that eye-catching graphics and imaginative appeals are highly notable in both types of green ads. Depressed, meaningful and sad appeals are found to be highly used in organizational image orientation ads, whereas, corporate image, informative and natural appeals are found to be essential for product orientation ads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising%20appeals" title="advertising appeals">advertising appeals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20marketing" title=" green marketing"> green marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20%0D%0Aadvertisement" title=" green advertisement"> green advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printed%20advertisement" title=" printed advertisement"> printed advertisement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13023/the-use-of-appeals-in-green-printed-advertisements-a-case-of-product-orientation-and-organizational-image-orientation-ads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3236</span> Green Roofs and Xeriscape Planting that Contribute to Sustainable Urban Green Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Sar%C4%B1">Derya Sarı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banu%20Karasah"> Banu Karasah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent years, urban green areas decrease dramatically as a result of increasing industrialization and population growth. At the same time, green spaces provide many ecosystem services such as controls of air pollution, noise reduction, prevents flooding and reduces the stress in the urban areas. Therefore, the plants help to these areas to get more livable and active, and also plants are one of the most significant identity elements in these open spaces. Roof gardens comes significant design comprehension as a result of global warming and also they contribute to cities with regard to ecological, economic, visual and recreational aspects. This study is mainly based on evaluation potential of green roofs and xeriscape planting design approach of Artvin (Turkey) known that generally has a remarkable floristic richness. Artvin is located on a sloping terrain, and the amount of green spaces that can be used is very limited in this city. Therefore, green roofs approach should be evaluated to supply urban green space sustainability. This study shows that it is appropriate about 20 perennial plants for green roofs and xeriscape planting design in Artvin city center. Usage of native plant species would be support to sustainable urban green spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artvin" title="Artvin">Artvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roofs" title=" green roofs"> green roofs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20spaces" title=" urban green spaces"> urban green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xeriscape%20planting" title=" xeriscape planting"> xeriscape planting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35466/green-roofs-and-xeriscape-planting-that-contribute-to-sustainable-urban-green-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3235</span> Temperature Control and Comfort Level of Elementary School Building with Green Roof in New Taipei City, Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Ming%20Su">Ying-Ming Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Shu%20Huang"> Mei-Shu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To mitigate the urban heat island effect has become a global issue facing the challenge of climate change. Through literature reviews, plant photosynthesis can reduce the carbon dioxide and mitigate the urban heat island effect relatively. Because there are not enough open space and park, green roof has become an important policy in Taiwan. We selected elementary school buildings in northern New Taipei City as research subjects since elementary school is asked priority to build green roof and important educational place to promote green roof concept. Testo 175-H1 recording device was used to record the temperature and humidity difference between roof surface and interior space below roof with and without green roof for the long-term. We also use questionnaire to investigate the awareness of comfort level of green roof and sensation of teachers and students of the elementary school. The results indicated the temperature of roof without greening was higher than that with greening about 2°C. But sometimes during noontime, the temperature of green roof was higher than that of non-green roof related to the character of the accumulation and dissipation of heat of greening probably. The temperature of interior space below green roof was normally lower than that without green roof about 1°C showed that green roof could lower the temperature. The humidity of the green roof was higher than the one without greening also indicated that green roof retained water better. Teachers liked to combine green roof concept in the curriculum, students wished all classes can take turns to maintain the green roof. Teachers and students that school had integrated green roof concept in the curriculum were more willing to participate in the maintenance work of green roof. Teachers and students who may access and touch the green roof can be more aware of the green roof benefit. We suggest architect to increase the accessibility and visibility of green roof, such as a part of the activity space. This idea can be a reference of the green roof curriculum design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort%20level" title="comfort level">comfort level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20school" title=" elementary school"> elementary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title=" green roof"> green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20island%20effect" title=" heat island effect"> heat island effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24797/temperature-control-and-comfort-level-of-elementary-school-building-with-green-roof-in-new-taipei-city-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3234</span> Sustainability of Environment and Green Energy Strategies Comprehensive Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Pirooznia">Vahid Pirooznia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this think about we propose a few green vitality procedures for feasible advancement. In this respect, seven green energy methodologies are taken into thought to decide the sectoral, innovative, and application affect proportions. Based on these proportions, we determine a modern parameter as the green energy affect proportion. In expansion, the green energy-based supportability proportion is gotten by depending upon the green energy affect proportion, and the green energy utilization proportion that's calculated utilizing real vitality information taken from literature. In arrange to confirm these parameters, three cases are considered. Subsequently, it can be considered that the sectoral affect proportion is more imperative and ought to be kept consistent as much as conceivable in a green vitality arrangement usage. In addition, the green energy-based supportability proportion increments with an increment of mechanical, sectoral, and application affect proportions. This implies that all negative impacts on the mechanical, innovative, sectoral and social improvements mostly and/or totally diminish all through the move and utilization to and of green energy and advances when conceivable feasible sustainable economic feasible maintainable energy techniques are favored and connected. Hence, the economical energy methodologies can make an imperative commitment to the economies of the nations where green energy (e.g., wind, sun based, tidal, biomass) is inexhaustibly created. Hence, the speculation in green energy supply and advance ought to be energized by governments and other specialists for a green energy substitution of fossil powers for more ecologically generous and feasible future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20energy" title="green energy">green energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183769/sustainability-of-environment-and-green-energy-strategies-comprehensive-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3233</span> A Review on the Necessities of Green Building in Bangladesh and Its Construction Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Afsana%20Azad">Syeda Afsana Azad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change, due to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere has been recognized as one of the biggest threats to the present world. The condition of the earth is getting worse day by day due to climate change. Bangladesh is considered to be one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to large population, sharp urbanization, etc. Construction of green building is a very good solution to reduce the greenhouse effect. Green building technology refers to that kind of structures which are environmentally friendly and resource-efficient throughout a building’s service life. This technology can provide at least 50% energy saving opportunity to the nation. The necessity of the construction of structures in an environment-friendly way is increasing now. This study shows the scenario of rapid population growth, urbanization, necessity of green building in Bangladesh and also discusses the construction process of green building. As the present climate condition of Bangladesh is not friendly, construction of green building is very much needed. To battle climate change, it is mandatory to construct green building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20house%20effect" title=" green house effect"> green house effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83938/a-review-on-the-necessities-of-green-building-in-bangladesh-and-its-construction-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3232</span> An Assessment of the Factors Affecting Green Building Technology (GBT) Adoption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuruddeen%20Usman">Nuruddeen Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Mohammed%20Gidado"> Usman Mohammed Gidado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A construction and post construction activity in buildings contributes to environmental degradation, because of the generation of solid waste during construction to the production of carbon dioxide by the occupants during utilization. These problems were caused as a result of lack of adopting green building technology during and after construction. However, this study aims at conceptualizing the factors that are affecting the adoption of green building technology with a view to suggest better ways for its successful adoption in the construction industry through developing a green building technology model. Thus, the research findings show that: Economic, social, cultural, and technological progresses are the factors affecting Green Building Technology Adoption. Therefore, identifying these factors and developing the model might help in the successful adoption of green building technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building%20technology" title="green building technology">green building technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20construction" title=" post construction"> post construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17350/an-assessment-of-the-factors-affecting-green-building-technology-gbt-adoption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">661</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3231</span> Exact Formulas of the End-To-End Green’s Functions in Non-hermitian Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haoshu%20Li">Haoshu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaolong%20Wan"> Shaolong Wan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recent focus has been on directional signal amplification of a signal input at one end of a one-dimensional chain and measured at the other end. The amplification rate is given by the end-to-end Green’s functions of the system. In this work, we derive the exact formulas for the end-to-end Green's functions of non-Hermitian single-band systems. While in the bulk region, it is found that the Green's functions are displaced from the prior established integral formula by O(e⁻ᵇᴸ). The results confirm the correspondence between the signal amplification and the non-Hermitian skin effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Hermitian" title="non-Hermitian">non-Hermitian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%27s%20function" title=" Green's function"> Green's function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Hermitian%20skin%20effect" title=" non-Hermitian skin effect"> non-Hermitian skin effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20amplification" title=" signal amplification"> signal amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149780/exact-formulas-of-the-end-to-end-greens-functions-in-non-hermitian-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3230</span> Improving Pediatric Patient Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Pleshaw">Matthew Pleshaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Lynch"> Caroline Lynch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caleb%20%20Eaton"> Caleb Eaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kiapour"> Ali Kiapour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem addressed in this proposal is that of the lacking comfort and safety of inpatient rooms, specifically at Boston Children’s Hospital, with the implementation of a system that will allow inpatient children to feel more comfortable in the unfamiliar environment of a hospital. The focus is that of advancing and enhancing the healing process for children in a long-term inpatient stay at the hospital, though a combination of announcing a clinician or hospital staff’s arrival utilizing RFID (Fig. 1), and improving communication between clinicians, parents/guardians, patients, etc. by integrating a mobile application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hospital" title=" Hospital"> Hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Technology" title=" Technology"> Technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128001/improving-pediatric-patient-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3229</span> An Analysis of the Relationship between Consumer Perception and Purchase Behavior towards Green Fashion in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Upasna%20Bhandari">Upasna Bhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indranil%20Saha"> Indranil Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20John%20Mathew"> Deepak John Mathew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The green fashion market is growing rapidly as eco-friendly consumers are willing to expand their organic lifestyle to include clothing. With an increasing share of fashion consumers globally, Indian consumers are observed to consider the social and environmental ethics while making purchasing decisions. While some research clearly identifies the efforts of responsible consumers towards green fashion, some argue that fashion-orientated consumers who are sensitive towards environment do not actively participate towards supporting green fashion. This study aims to analyze the current perception of green fashion among Indian consumers. A small-scale exploratory study is conducted where consumers’ perception of green fashion is examined followed by an analysis of translation of this perception into purchase decision making. This research paper gives insight into consumer awareness on green fashion and provides scope towards the expansion of ethical fashion consumption within the demography of India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20perception" title="consumer perception">consumer perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20attitudes" title=" environmental attitudes"> environmental attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion%20retailing" title=" fashion retailing"> fashion retailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20fashion" title=" green fashion"> green fashion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89401/an-analysis-of-the-relationship-between-consumer-perception-and-purchase-behavior-towards-green-fashion-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3228</span> Green Fruit and Vegetables Have Favorable Effects on 3-Year Changes of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Mirmiran">Parvin Mirmiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Bahadoran"> Zahra Bahadoran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazanin%20Moslehi"> Nazanin Moslehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereidoun%20Azizi"> Fereidoun Azizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of green fruits and vegetables (green FV) consumption on the 3-year changes of cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, between 2006-2008 and 2009-2011, on 1272 adults. Dietary intake of green FV, including green cabbage, broccoli, lettuce, celery, green beans, green peas, cucumber, leafy vegetables, zucchini, green chili and bell pepper, and kiwi fruit, has been assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and second examination. Demographics, anthropometrics and biochemical measures were evaluated at baseline and 3 years later. The associations of cardiometabolic risk changes with mean intake of green FV were estimated. Results: The mean age of men and women at baseline was 39.8±12.7 and 37.3±12.1 years, respectively. Mean intake of green FV was 152±77 g/d. More intake from green FV was accompanied to more intake of vitamin A, α and β-carotene, lutein, β-criptoxanthine, potassium, magnesium and fiber. Consumption of green FV was inversely associated with 3-year change of waist circumference (β= -0.07, P=0.01), total cholesterol (β= -0.11, P=0.01) and triglycerides (β= -0.13, P=0.01). Each 25 g/d increase in consumption of green FV decreased the incidence of hyper-triglyceridemia by 12% (OR:0.88, 95%CI:0.71-0.99) in men. In women, no significant association was observed between consumption of green FV with cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusion: Higher consumption of green FV could have preventive effects against abdominal fat gain and lipid disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiometabolic%20risk%20factors" title="cardiometabolic risk factors">cardiometabolic risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abdominal%20obesity" title=" abdominal obesity"> abdominal obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20disorders" title=" lipid disorders"> lipid disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruits" title=" fruits"> fruits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title=" vegetables"> vegetables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21556/green-fruit-and-vegetables-have-favorable-effects-on-3-year-changes-of-cardiometabolic-risk-factors-a-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3227</span> Spatial Planning of Community Green Infrastructure Based on Public Health Considerations: A Case Study of Kunhou Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengdan%20Yang">Shengdan Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has made public health issues to be re-examined. The value of green space configuration is an important measure of community health quality. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the structure and function of community green space can be better evaluated. This study selects Wuhan Kunhou Community as the site and proposes to analyze the daily health service function of the community's green infrastructure. Through GIS-based spatial analysis, case study, and field investigation, this study evaluates the accessibility of green infrastructure and discusses the ideal green space form based on health indicators. The findings show that Kunhou Community lacks access to green infrastructure and public space for daily activities. The research findings provide a bridge between public health indicators and community space planning and propose design suggestions for green infrastructure planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20health" title=" community health"> community health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title=" green infrastructure"> green infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157157/spatial-planning-of-community-green-infrastructure-based-on-public-health-considerations-a-case-study-of-kunhou-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3226</span> An Alternative Concept of Green Screen Keying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Zhi">Jin Zhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on a green screen keying method developed especially for film visual effects. There are a series of ways of using existing tools for creating mattes from green or blue screen plates. However, it is still a time-consuming process, and the results vary especially when it comes to retaining tiny details, such as hair and fur. This paper introduces an alternative concept and method for retaining edge details of characters on a green screen plate, also, a number of connected mathematical equations are explored. At the end of this study, a simplified process of applying this method in real productions is also introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20screen" title="green screen">green screen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20effects" title=" visual effects"> visual effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compositing" title=" compositing"> compositing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matte" title=" matte"> matte</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5566/an-alternative-concept-of-green-screen-keying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> 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