CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Chemical Automatics Design Bureau - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8bbcd937-965f-4264-a3e7-19abb7ea1425","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau","wgTitle":"Chemical Automatics Design Bureau","wgCurRevisionId":1257274643,"wgRevisionId":1257274643,"wgArticleId":14280337,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 errors: missing title","CS1 errors: bare URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Russian-language text","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from October 2020","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2020","Chemical Automatics Design Bureau","Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union","Defence companies of the Soviet Union","Science and technology in the Soviet Union","Ion engines","Soviet and Russian space institutions","1941 establishments in Russia","Rocket engine manufacturers of Russia","Roscosmos divisions and subsidiaries","Companies based in Voronezh","Ministry of General Machine-Building (Soviet Union)","Design bureaus","Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1941"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau","wgRelevantArticleId":14280337,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":51.5844,"lon":39.1708},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4231576","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/KBHA.JPG/1200px-KBHA.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/KBHA.JPG/960px-KBHA.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Chemical Automatics Design Bureau - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau rootpage-Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KBKhA_Rocket_Engine_Company_Maturity_Years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KBKhA_Rocket_Engine_Company_Maturity_Years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>KBKhA Rocket Engine Company Maturity Years</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-KBKhA_Rocket_Engine_Company_Maturity_Years-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle KBKhA Rocket Engine Company Maturity Years subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-KBKhA_Rocket_Engine_Company_Maturity_Years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Projects_–_New_Engines._Seventies_of_last_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Projects_–_New_Engines._Seventies_of_last_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>New Projects – New Engines. Seventies of last century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Projects_–_New_Engines._Seventies_of_last_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Created_Nuclear-Rocket_Umbrella" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Created_Nuclear-Rocket_Umbrella"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Created Nuclear-Rocket Umbrella</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Created_Nuclear-Rocket_Umbrella-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Gas-Dynamic_Laser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Gas-Dynamic_Laser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>First Gas-Dynamic Laser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Gas-Dynamic_Laser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquid_propellant_rocket_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquid_propellant_rocket_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liquid propellant rocket engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquid_propellant_rocket_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_engine_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_engine_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable engine designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_engine_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Engines_at_Millennium_Frontier[clarification_needed]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Engines_at_Millennium_Frontier[clarification_needed]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>New Engines at Millennium Frontier<sup>[<i><span>clarification needed</span></i>]</sup></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_Engines_at_Millennium_Frontier[clarification_needed]-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New Engines at Millennium Frontier<sup>[<i><span>clarification needed</span></i>]</sup> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_Engines_at_Millennium_Frontier[clarification_needed]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RD-0124" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RD-0124"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>RD-0124</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RD-0124-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RD-0146" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RD-0146"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>RD-0146</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RD-0146-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RD-0126,_RD-0126Э" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RD-0126,_RD-0126Э"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>RD-0126, RD-0126Э</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RD-0126,_RD-0126Э-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GPVRD_58L" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GPVRD_58L"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>GPVRD 58L</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GPVRD_58L-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetoplasmadynamic_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetoplasmadynamic_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Magnetoplasmadynamic engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetoplasmadynamic_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ion_thruster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ion_thruster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ion thruster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ion_thruster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/KB_Khimautomatiki" title="KB Khimautomatiki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="KB Khimautomatiki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KB_Khimautomatiki" title="KB Khimautomatiki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="KB Khimautomatiki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/KB_Khimavtomatika" title="KB Khimavtomatika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="KB Khimavtomatika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD" title="キマフトマティキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キマフトマティキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Конструкторское бюро химавтоматики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конструкторское бюро химавтоматики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_thi%E1%BA%BFt_k%E1%BA%BF_H%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BA%A5t_-_T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Viện thiết kế Hóa chất - Tự động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện thiết kế Hóa chất - Tự động" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4231576#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&oldid=1257274643" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&id=1257274643&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4231576" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&params=51.5844_N_39.1708_E_type:landmark_region:RU"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°35′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°10′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5844°N 39.1708°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5844; 39.1708</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian rocket engine manufacturer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">KBKhA. Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau.png" decoding="async" width="188" height="55" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="55" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KBHA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/KBHA.JPG/250px-KBHA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/KBHA.JPG/330px-KBHA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/KBHA.JPG/500px-KBHA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">KBKhA building</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OKB-154</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket engines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> (April 2, 1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946-04-02</span>)</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Dmitrievich_Gorokhov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Dmitrievich Gorokhov (page does not exist)">Viktor Dmitrievich Gorokhov</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Горохов Виктор Дмитриевич">ru</a>]</sup>, Chief designer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Spacecraft propulsion, rocket engines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$53.2 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.07 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−$2.14 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">$14 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">$58.3 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup id="cite_ref-pravo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbkha.ru/">kbkha.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&params=51.5844_N_39.1708_E_type:landmark_region:RU"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°35′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°10′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5844°N 39.1708°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5844; 39.1708</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</b> (<b>CADB</b>), also <b>KB Khimavtomatika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Конструкторское бюро химавтоматики, КБХА</span>, <b>KBKhA</b>), is a Russian <a href="/wiki/OKB" title="OKB">design bureau</a> founded by the NKAP (People's Commissariat of the Aircraft Industry) in 1941 and led by <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Kosberg" title="Semyon Kosberg">Semyon Kosberg</a> until his death in 1965. Its origin dates back to a 1940 Moscow carburetor factory, evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Berdsk" title="Berdsk">Berdsk</a> in 1941, and then relocated to <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a> city in 1945, where it now operates. Originally designated <b>OKB-296</b> and tasked to develop fuel equipment for aviation engines, it was redesignated <b>OKB-154</b> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965 <a href="/w/index.php?title=A.D._Konopatov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A.D. Konopatov (page does not exist)">A.D. Konopatov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Конопатов, Александр Дмитриевич">ru</a>]</span> took over leadership. He was succeeded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=V.S._Rachuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V.S. Rachuk (page does not exist)">V.S. Rachuk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Рачук, Владимир Сергеевич">ru</a>]</span> in 1993, then by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_D._Gorokhov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor D. Gorokhov (page does not exist)">Viktor D. Gorokhov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Горохов, Виктор Дмитриевич">ru</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a> Chief designer) in 2015. During this time the company designed a wide range of high technology products, including liquid propellant rocket engines, a nuclear reactor for space use, the first Soviet laser with an output of 1 MW and the USSR's only operational nuclear rocket engine.<sup id="cite_ref-RD-0410EA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RD-0410EA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soviet_Mars_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soviet_Mars-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has designed more than 60 liquid propellant engines with some 30 having entered production.<sup id="cite_ref-Двигатель_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Двигатель-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2019, the <i>КБХА</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Mechanical_Plant" title="Voronezh Mechanical Plant">Voronezh Mechanical Plant</a> were merged.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KB Khimavtomatika's original mandate was to develop aviation fuel systems for Soviet military during World War II. Kosberg had spent ten years working at the <i>Central Institute of Aircraft Engine Construction</i> on <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a> systems and was tapped to run the new bureau. Approaching German armies required the group to relocate to <a href="/wiki/Berdsk" title="Berdsk">Berdsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, where Kosberg and his team of about 30 specialists developed <a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a> fuel systems, eventually implemented on the <a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-5" title="Lavochkin La-5">La-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/La-7" class="mw-redirect" title="La-7">La-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tupolev Tu-2</a> and Tu-2D. The new fuel systems provided a significant increase in performance over conventional gasoline fuel systems and eliminated carburetor float problems caused by aggressive combat flying. They competed with direct injection systems developed by <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler Benz">Daimler Benz</a> at the time. After the end of the war, the design bureau was moved to Voronezh, where it continued to design fuel systems for piston, turboprop and jet aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-BNL_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNL-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SH_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="KBKhA_Rocket_Engine_Company_Maturity_Years">KBKhA Rocket Engine Company Maturity Years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: KBKhA Rocket Engine Company Maturity Years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Successful work results were a basis for the reformation of Plant 154 Design Bureau into the independent company OCB-154. The new enterprise was to develop rocket engines. </p><p>The works were performed in two directions: development of LREs for space launch vehicles (LV) and missiles. Start of works was marked by the meeting of <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Kosberg" title="Semyon Kosberg">S. Kosberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">S. Korolev</a> on February 10, 1958. The result of this meeting was the joint development of oxygen-kerosene engine RD0105 for LV “Luna” LV stage (engine chief designer V. Koshelnikov). This engine allowed LV to reach second space velocity for the first time in the world, deliver USSR pennon to the Moon surface, make the round flight of the Moon and take pictures of Moon back side. Later on, one of the craters on its backside was named after S. Kosberg. </p><p>KBKhA developed LRE RD0109 for “Vostok” LV third stage (chief designer – V. Koshelnikov) on the basis of engine RD0105. The engine was more reliable and had higher technical specifications due to the creation of the new efficient lightweight combustion chamber. RD 0109 thrusts to orbit space ship Vostok with <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Y. Gagarin</a> on board, all one-seat crewed ships and different military and scientific spacecraft later. The development of space industry in the end of the 50th and beginning of 60th required the creation of more powerful LV for orbiting objects with mass up to 7000 kg. To fulfill this purpose, the Design bureau – on the basis of second stage engine RD0106 of military rocker P-9A - developed engines RD0107, RD0108, and RD0110 (chief designer Y. Gershkovits) for third stages of S. Korolev LVs “Molnia”, “Voshod”, “Soyuz” that ensured launches of interplanetary stations to Mars and Venus, orbiting space ships with 2 and 3 cosmonauts on board. Members of these crews were the first human beings entering into open space, made orbit docking and joint flight of two ships, including American “Apollo”. LV “Soyuz” is used to deliver payload to orbital stations. Using highly reliable engine RD0110, over 1500 LV successful launches were performed. In the beginning of 1965, chief designer S. Kosberg died in a car accident. <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Konopatov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Konopatov (page does not exist)">A. Konopatov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Конопатов, Александр Дмитриевич">ru</a>]</span> was appointed as a lead designer of the Design Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kbkha.ru-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Projects_–_New_Engines._Seventies_of_last_century"><span id="New_Projects_.E2.80.93_New_Engines._Seventies_of_last_century"></span>New Projects – New Engines. Seventies of last century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Projects – New Engines. Seventies of last century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another milestone in the development of Russian space industry was the creation of powerful LV UR500 by General designer <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Chelomey" title="Vladimir Chelomey">V. Chelomey</a>. The LV was able to orbit heavy objects with weight up to 20 tons. For the second stage of LV “Proton” KBKhA created LRE RD0208 and RD0209 (chief designer V. Kozelkov), operating according to oxidizer rich preburner staged combustion schematic. As a prototype, engine RD0206 was used, installed on military missile UR-200. This LV orbited heavy automated stations “Proton”. LV UR500 was later named “Proton”. Three-stage “Proton” was a more powerful LV, for whose second stage engines RD0208 and RD0209 were modernized. The modernized engines got indexes RD0210 and RD0211 (chief designer V. Kozelkov). For the third stage engine, RD0212 was renewed (chief designer Y. Gershkovits). Besides, for the position correction of “Almaz” space station, launched by “Proton”, KBKhA created pressure fed engine RD0225 (chief designer V. Borodin) and multiple startup (up to 100 times), with orbit stand-by mode (up to 2 years). These LV delivered Lunar excursion modules to the Moon, interplanetary spacecraft that took probes of lunar soil and landed on Mars and Venus. It became possible to launch long-stay orbital stations “Salut” and “Mir”, as well as modules “Zarya” and “Zvezda” for International space station. For the moment, over 300 “Proton” LV launches have been performed. Technical perfection of engines RD0110, RD0210, RD0211, RD0212 ensured their long life. For over 40 years these engines have launched different spacecraft, automated stations, and crewed space ships. High energy-weight characteristics and operation simplicity support their position in the best of Russian and foreign engines of the same class.<sup id="cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kbkha.ru-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Created_Nuclear-Rocket_Umbrella">Created Nuclear-Rocket Umbrella</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Created Nuclear-Rocket Umbrella"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of KBKhA priority directions was the completion of defense contracts – creation of LREs with high energy characteristics and reliability, with low production costs, without servicing during entire life. In 1957, using extensive experience acquired during the development of engines RD0100, RD0101, RD0102 for interceptors, the Design Bureau started the creation of engines for antiaircraft missiles (SAM) on self-ignited components. The first LRE RD0200 (chief designer A. Golubev) was developed for the second stage of S. Lavochkin 5В11 SAM. The engine was designed as open cycle engine with 1 : 10 throttle capability. The engine passed all types of tests and was serially manufactured LRE RD0201 (chief designer L. Pozdnyakov) was designed for the third stage of P. Grushin B1100 SAM. The difference of the engine from RD0200 was four swivel combustion chambers due to which flight navigation was performed. In the end of the 50th, the question about the creation of a more powerful rocket R-9 arose, which was to replace rocket 8K72. In 1959-1962 the Design Bureau developed oxygen-kerosene engine RD0106 for LV second stage (block B) (chief designer – Y. Gershkovitz). High energy characteristics, optimum mounting, relatively small height, simple operation, development time (on ground and flight) were the basis for the development of a variety of engines for Korolev's space rockets, including RD0110 for the third stage (block И) of Soyuz LV. In the beginning of the 60th, long-term and prolific cooperation of KBKhA and Chelomey Design Bureau started, for whose LVs our design bureau developed about 20 LREs. The creation of powerful LVs during these years required considerable increase of energy characteristics and operational features of LREs. And KBKhA was among the first to start the development of such LREs. In 1961-1964 RD0203 and RD0204 LREs (chief designer V. Kozelkov) for the first stage of rocket UR200 and RD0206 and RD0207 LREs (chief designer L. Pozdnyakov) for the second stage of the same rocket were developed. These new engines were of advanced design, operate on storable fuel components and for the first time staged combustion cycle was used. The application of such schematic allowed double combustion chamber pressure (up to 150 kg/cm2 as compared to 70 kg/cm2 for open cycle engines) and excluded Isp losses for TPA turbine drive. Powerful and highly economical engines created in short time, went through ground development and flight tests. The engines were a basis for the creation of new LREs. In 1963, Chelomei Design Bureau started the creation of the new rocket RS-10 for first stage KBKhA developed engines RD0216 and RD0217 were used in 1963-1966 (chief designer V. Koshelnikov). Higher technical and operational requirements to LV defined the necessity of high engine efficiency and reliability, protection of its inner cavities from the environment, etc. All these requirements were fulfilled and confirmed by ground and flight development testing as rocket component. The experience acquired was the basis for development of new generation engines with higher combustion chamber pressures. First engines of this type were RD0233 and RD0234 (chief designer V. Kozelkov, lead designer V. Ezhov), created in 1969-1974 for RS-18 rocket first stage. Further on, two engines were developed: staged combustion RD0235, and open cycle steering engine RD0236 (chief designer V. Kozelkov, lead designer Y. Garmanov) for RS-18 rocket second stage. Engine RD0235 was developed on the basis of RD0216 engine but it is more reliable due to better design and technology possibilities The experience of LRE development was the basis for the engagement of KBKhA in 1967 in the development of engine RD0208 (lead designer Y. Gershkovich) for the second stage of rocket RS-20, designed by general designer M. Yangel. The engine was developed on the basis of a third stage engine RD0212, used in “Proton”, but it was more powerful and was differently applied within the stage.<br /> The First Nuclear Rocket Engine In 1965 KBKhA was involved into project of the development of nuclear rocket engines RD0410 and RD0411 (chief designer G. Chursin, lead designers – L. Nikitin, M. Biryukov, A. Belogurov, Y. Mamontov). The engines were specified for the acceleration and deceleration of spacecraft and orbit correction for deep space explorations. Due to operating fluid high thermodynamic properties and high heating temperatures in the nuclear reactor, (up to 3 000 K), the engine possesses high efficiency (vacuum Isp 910 kg s/kg). For time and costs saving, the nuclear reactor and “cold” engine (feed system, regulation and control components) were developed in parallel. The nuclear reactor is designed according to heterogeneous schematic – its design utilizes block-mounting principle, which allowed to develop uranium-containing (fuel cell) assemblies and reactor separately. The results of the development of RD-0410 nuclear rocket engine were used for development of main turbopump of RD-0120 engine and were the basis for development of multimode space nuclear power plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Gas-Dynamic_Laser">First Gas-Dynamic Laser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First Gas-Dynamic Laser"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 70s KBKhA began development of continuous high power, gas-dynamic of CO<sub>2</sub>-lasers (GDL), operating on the transformation of the heat energy of active gaseous medium, obtained with non-equilibrium expansion in supersonic nozzle grid, into electromagnetic radiation. The family of GDL samples was created with radiation energy from 10 to 600 kW and space on-board GDL RD0600 working on gaseous propellant (the leading designers — V.P. Koshelnikov, G.I. Zavision, V.Y. Guterman). <sup id="cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kbkha.ru-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liquid_propellant_rocket_engines">Liquid propellant rocket engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Liquid propellant rocket engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1954 the bureau was designing <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">liquid-propellant rocket</a> engines for high performance and experimental aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-25" title="Yakovlev Yak-25">Yak-27V</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=E-50A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-50A (page does not exist)">E-50A</a>, and from 1957 to 1962 they designed engines<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> for anti-aircraft guided missiles. By the early 1960s the bureau was designing Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines (LPREs) for man-rated space launch vehicles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Over several decades, the CADB became one of the Soviet Union's premier developers of liquid rocket engines, designing engines for the <a href="/wiki/UR-100" title="UR-100">SS-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS-18" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-18">SS-18</a> and <a href="/wiki/SS-19" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-19">SS-19</a> and ballistic missiles, among others. In one unique design, the engine is submerged in the <a href="/wiki/UDMH" class="mw-redirect" title="UDMH">UDMH</a> propellant tank to save space (<a href="/wiki/R-29RM_Shtil" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29RM Shtil">SS-N-23</a> submarine-launched ballistic missile). They also designed upper stage engines for the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (rocket)">Proton</a> space launch vehicles, along with the core engines for the <a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a>. The large volume of design work and continuous refinement led to a high degree of technical capability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2020)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> During this same period in the United States (late 1960s - early 1970s), liquid engines on missiles were dropped in favor of solids, and the only LPRE being developed was the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Main_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Shuttle Main Engine">Space Shuttle Main Engine</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Kosberg design bureau parlayed their experience into the <a href="/wiki/RD-0120" title="RD-0120">RD-0120</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> - the Soviet Union's first cryogenic engine with over 40 tonnes thrust. Despite designing mostly LOX/Kerosene or N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UDMH engines, the LOX/LH2 RD-0120 had similar ratings and performance as the SSME, but with a lower cost due to the choice of technology.<sup id="cite_ref-RD-0120_EA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RD-0120_EA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the CADB was offering the RD-0146 engine to the international market as an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/RL-10" class="mw-redirect" title="RL-10">RL-10</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PW_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PW-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a reduction in the market for LPRE's,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the company expanded into related fields,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> designing products for oil and gas, agricultural and medical industries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_engine_designs">Notable engine designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable engine designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Engine </th> <th>Other Designations </th> <th>Thermodynamic Cycle </th> <th>Thrust, kN (vacuum) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Specific_Impulse" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific Impulse">Specific Impulse</a>, s (vacuum) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Liquid_rocket_propellants" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid rocket propellants">Propellants</a> </th> <th>Engine Mass, kg </th> <th>Development period </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0105" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-0105">RD-0105</a> </td> <td>8D714 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-generator cycle (rocket)">Gas Generator</a> </td> <td>49.4 </td> <td>316 </td> <td>LOX/Kerosene </td> <td>130 </td> <td>1958-1960 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">Vostok-L</a>, Block-E (third stage). Launched <a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a> on the first man made object to <a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">escape velocity</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0109" title="RD-0109">RD-0109</a> </td> <td>8D719 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-generator cycle (rocket)">Gas Generator</a> </td> <td>54.5 </td> <td>323.5 </td> <td>LOX/Kerosene </td> <td>121 </td> <td>1959-1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">Vostok-K</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a>, Block-E (third stage). Used lo launch <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>, the first human to space. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0110" title="RD-0110">RD-0110</a> </td> <td>11D55, RD-461 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-generator cycle (rocket)">Gas Generator</a> </td> <td>298 </td> <td>326 </td> <td>LOX/Kerosene </td> <td>408 </td> <td>1963–1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a>, 3rd stage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715063836/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0110.htm">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0120" title="RD-0120">RD-0120</a> </td> <td>11D122, RO-200 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Staged_combustion_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staged combustion cycle (rocket)">Staged Combustion</a> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>455 </td> <td>LOX/LH2 </td> <td>3450 </td> <td>1967–1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_(corporation)" title="Energia (corporation)">Energia</a>, core, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203201403/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0120.htm">[2]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.buran.ru/htm/11-3.htm">[3]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.buran.ru/htm/rd0120.htm">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a> </td> <td>14D451M, 14D23 </td> <td>Staged Combustion </td> <td>294 </td> <td>359 </td> <td>LOX/Kerosene </td> <td>450 </td> <td>1996–1999 </td> <td>Soyuz, 3rd stage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016203236/http://astronautix.com/engines/rd0124.htm">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0146" title="RD-0146">RD-0146</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Expander_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expander cycle (rocket)">Expander</a> </td> <td>98 </td> <td>451 </td> <td>LOX/LH2 </td> <td>242 </td> <td>2000- </td> <td>Replacement for the <a href="/wiki/RL-10" class="mw-redirect" title="RL-10">RL10A-4-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pw.utc.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextrefresh=1&vgnextoid=e3b90030296eb010VgnVCM1000000881000aRCRD">[6]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808102113/http://astronautix.com/engines/rd0146.htm">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0210" title="RD-0210">RD-0210</a> </td> <td>8D411K, RD-465, 8D49 </td> <td>Staged Combustion </td> <td>598 </td> <td>326 </td> <td>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UDMH </td> <td>565 </td> <td>1963–1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (rocket)">Proton</a>, 2nd stage <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020321195148/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0210.htm">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0410" title="RD-0410">RD-0410</a> </td> <td>11B91 </td> <td>Expander </td> <td>35.3 </td> <td>910 </td> <td>Nuclear/LH2 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>1965–1994 </td> <td>The only operational nuclear engine in the USSR/Russia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090408122011/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0410.htm">[9]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050416031304/http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/218/58.shtml">[10]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041111163220/http://www.fplib.org/partners/mwade/articles/sovermal.htm">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-0243" title="RD-0243">RD-0243</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Staged Combustion </td> <td>825 </td> <td>300 </td> <td>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UDMH </td> <td>853 </td> <td>1977–1985 </td> <td>SS-N-23 submarine-launched ballistic missile, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150824113800/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0243.htm">[12]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150824113806/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0244.htm">[13]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150824113556/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0245.htm">[14]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Engines_at_Millennium_Frontier[clarification_needed]"><span id="New_Engines_at_Millennium_Frontier.5Bclarification_needed.5D"></span>New Engines at Millennium Frontier<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New Engines at Millennium Frontier[clarification needed]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KBKhA team possesses productive design experience, highly qualified <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a> in staff (6 <a href="/wiki/Doktor_nauk" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktor nauk">Doktor nauk</a> and over 50 <a href="/wiki/Kandidat_nauk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandidat nauk">Kandidat nauk</a>), designers, <a href="/wiki/Production_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Production engineer">production engineers</a>, and workers who keep on working on the creation of the new rocket engines and power plants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RD-0124">RD-0124</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: RD-0124"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a></div> <p>Since 1993 the development of four-chamber LOX-kerosene LRE RD-0124, 14D23 (the chief designers — V. Koselkov and V. Gorokhov, the lead designers — V. Borodin, A. Plis and V. Gurin) for the third stage of the general designer D. Koslov "Soyuz-2" launch vehicle has been conducted. The main engine destination — delivery into the orbit of different payloads: satellites, cargo and crewed space vehicles. RD-0124 engine is developed as substitution for RD-0110. It has the practically identical interfaces, overall dimensions and mass, but it offers the higher specific parameters — the best of the developed LRE of this class. The engine operates according to oxidizer rich stage combustion cycle and has higher (on 33 s) efficiency compared to RD-0110. This will allow to put into orbit larger payloads (≈950 kg) or to ensure launching of "Soyuz-2" launch vehicle from spaceports located to the north of Baikonur. The conducted series of successful stand tests has confirmed the fulfillment of the specification requirements for main parameters. Two test-bench fire tests within LV “Soyuz-2” 3rd stage were performed that completed the 1st phase of on-ground engine development. December 27, 2006, first flight test of the engine within LV “Soyuz-2b” was performed. In 1998 KBKhA has studied and determined the possibility of using the RD-0124 (the RD-0124A) for the second stage of space rocket complex "Angara", created by Khrunichev Design and Research center and aimed for orbiting multiple purpose space vehicles. The main differences from the requirements to base engine are the change of engine operating time of the main and final thrust stage. On December 1, 2007, 150 fire tests were performed, with overall development time over 30,000 seconds, which confirmed the compliance of main parameters with Technical Task requirements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> RD-0750 In 1993-1998 large volume of design, analysis, research and experimental work on development of a tri-propellant dual-mode<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> engine on the base of RD-0120 was conducted as a KBKhA initiative. The propellants of the engine are: liquid hydrogen, kerosene, and liquid oxygen. Studies and recommendations of the other Russian <a href="/wiki/R%26D" class="mw-redirect" title="R&D">R&D</a> Institutes<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> and foreign firms showed economic feasibility of application of dual-mode tri-propellant engines to advanced launch vehicles (especially single-staged) have become the real support for three-propellant engine works performance. The engine according to the first mode operates on oxygen and kerosene with the small addition of hydrogen and at the second operational mode - with oxygen and hydrogen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result of this work, for the first time, a three-propellant dual-mode preburner successfully tested<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> in KBKhA and in RD0750D demonstrator conditions at NIICHIMMASH<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RD-0146">RD-0146</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: RD-0146"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/RD-0146" title="RD-0146">RD-0146</a></div> <p>In 1997 KBKhA according to the Khrunichev Space Center Technical Specification has begun the development of the new oxygen-hydrogen engine RD-0146 (the chief designer — N.E. Titkov, the lead designer — I.V. Liplavy) for space boosters of advanced launchers options «<a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a>» and «<a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a>». For the first time in Russia the expander cycle engine has been developed with insurance of multiple in-flight starts. Since 2001, 4 engines were manufactured, independent tests of engine subassemblies and chamber with igniter were performed at modes higher than nominal. Altogether 30 fire tests at mode up to 109.5% and with overall operational time 1680 seconds were completed. The development time per each engine was 1604 seconds in 27 tests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RD-0126,_RD-0126Э"><span id="RD-0126.2C_RD-0126.D0.AD"></span>RD-0126, RD-0126Э</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: RD-0126, RD-0126Э"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/RD-0126" title="RD-0126">RD-0126</a></div> <p>In 1995 the research work for development expander kerosene-hydrogen LREs for advanced space boost units and interorbital tows has been initiated. It has defined the engine configuration and performances. This work was completed by issue of technical proposal. On the basis of this work RKK «Energia» has issued specification for RD-0126 engine development that was presented in two variants: Engine RD0126 - with a traditional Laval nozzle chamber, and RD0126Э with an expansion-deflection nozzle and ring throat (chief designer V. Gorokhov, lead designer – I. Liplyavy). Engine RD0126Э has the following advantages as compared to traditional LREs: equal length, but higher vacuum Isp; lighter weight with the same Isp; possibility to obtain higher hydrogen temperature in cooling channels, which allows to use it as working medium for TPA turbine rotation; possibility of engine ground testing performed under high-altitude conditions without gas-dynamic tube. </p><p>In 1998, test bench chamber with ring throat was tested. 5 sea level fire tests were performed that confirmed combustion products flow without boundary layer separation within high-altitude nozzle, which makes engine development considerably simpler. The calculated performance data complied with the design figures. Steady state operation process was stable; hardware is in satisfactory operable condition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GPVRD_58L">GPVRD 58L</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: GPVRD 58L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1994 according <a href="/wiki/Baranov_Central_Institute_of_Aviation_Motor_Development" title="Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motor Development">Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motor Development</a> specification KBKhA has been developed experimental axial symmetrical <a href="/wiki/Scramjet" title="Scramjet">scramjet</a> 58L (the lead designers — Y.V. Liplavy, Y.A. Martynenko), for studying of processes of hydrogen combustion at stream velocities 3–6.5 M and altitudes of 20–35 km flight conditions. The liquid hydrogen is an engine fuel passing CC cooling channels and being introduced into the combustion zones. The combustion chamber is an annular and three-zone design. In the first zone the hydrogen combustion takes place in subsonic airflow, in two others — in supersonic flow. The combustion chamber is completely designed and manufactured in KBKhA, and the new and advanced design and technological solutions have been realized. In 1998 the flight tests of scramjet on board Kholod laboratory have been successfully conducted. The engine operation started at flight velocity 3 M, at the end of the flight on 77 s the vehicle velocity reached 6.47 M. For the first time in the world hydrogen combustion has taken place under supersonic flow conditions. Engine has operated according to the test program and without remarks under testing program.<sup id="cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kbkha.ru-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magnetoplasmadynamic_engine">Magnetoplasmadynamic engine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Magnetoplasmadynamic engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013 the Chemical Automatics Design Bureau successfully conducted a test bench <a href="/wiki/Magnetoplasmadynamic_thruster" title="Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster">magnetoplasmadynamic engine</a> for long-distance space travel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magnetoplasmadynamic engine without flaws <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion engines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ion_thruster"><a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">Ion thruster</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ion thruster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the test facility Chemical Automation Design Bureau has successfully completed a series of initial tests of the high ion electric propulsion. Tests carried out successfully on a special stand vacuum and confirmed the compliance parameters of the engine characteristics, laid down in the specifications. Works with the engine continues: new tests planned for production resources and test the stability of proven performance in continuous operation. Creation of electric rocket engines was started in the company in 2012. By developing ion electric propulsion team started after KBKhA won the 2013 competition of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to receive subsidies for the realization of complex projects for the organization of high-tech production. The company was among the winners of the project "Creation of high-tech production and testing base for the development, Metal processing and industrial production of the new generation of electric propulsion."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbkha.ru/">KB Khimavtomatika website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.su/301/boa0154/intro.htm">Энциклопедия отечественной космонавтики, History of OKB-154, OKB-296 and OKB-265</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-0a3a5525459e4d7eaf210dd13402f75a03276253-v18_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbkha.ru/userfiles/file/buh_otchet/buh_otchet_OSC_KBKhA_2015.pdf">http://www.kbkha.ru/userfiles/file/buh_otchet/buh_otchet_OSC_KBKhA_2015.pdf</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbkha.ru%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2Fbuh_otchet%2Fbuh_otchet_OSC_KBKhA_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pravo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pravo_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102397340&rdk=&backlink=1">"О мерах по созданию Государственной корпорации по космической деятельности "Роскосмос"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%22%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%22&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26nd%3D102397340%26rdk%3D%26backlink%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutton-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSutton2006" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, George Paul (2006). <i>History Of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56347-649-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56347-649-5"><bdi>978-1-56347-649-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Of+Liquid+Propellant+Rocket+Engines&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Aeronautics+and+Astronautics&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-56347-649-5&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=George+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RD-0410EA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RD-0410EA_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090408122011/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0410.htm">"RD-0410"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0410.htm">the original</a> on 2009-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=RD-0410&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fengines%2Frd0410.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soviet_Mars-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Soviet_Mars_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206112445/http://www.astronautix.com/articles/sovermal.htm">"Soviet Mars Propulsion - Nuclear Thermal"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/articles/sovermal.htm">the original</a> on 2007-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soviet+Mars+Propulsion+-+Nuclear+Thermal&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Farticles%2Fsovermal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Двигатель-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Двигатель_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102052506/http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/17/page36.html">"Конструкторскому бюро химавтоматики - 60 лет"</a>. <i>Двигатель, №5 (17) сентябрь-октябрь 2001</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/17/page36.html">the original</a> on 2009-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C+%E2%84%965+%2817%29+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C+2001&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+-+60+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fengine.aviaport.ru%2Fissues%2F17%2Fpage36.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abireg.ru/newsitem/78322/">"Воронежский мехзавод и КБХА завершили процесс объединения трудовых коллективов"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%91%D0%A5%D0%90+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabireg.ru%2Fnewsitem%2F78322%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poligraf.media/tehnologii/20191105/vmz2">"В Воронеже завершилось объединение ВМЗ и КБХА"</a>. November 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%97+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%91%D0%A5%D0%90&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoligraf.media%2Ftehnologii%2F20191105%2Fvmz2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNL-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BNL_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/newsletter/Kosberg.htm">"Semyon Ariyevich Kosberg"</a>. <i>Belarus Newsletter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belarus+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Semyon+Ariyevich+Kosberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2FBelarus%2Fnewsletter%2FKosberg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SH-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SH_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.hobby.ru/kosberg.html">"Косберг Семен Ариевич"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.hobby.ru%2Fkosberg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kbkha.ru-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kbkha.ru_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbkha.ru/?p=4">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - История"</a>. <i>kbkha.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kbkha.ru&rft.atitle=%22%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%22+-+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbkha.ru%2F%3Fp%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RD-0120_EA-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RD-0120_EA_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203201403/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0120.htm">"RD-0120"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd0120.htm">the original</a> on 2007-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=RD-0120&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fengines%2Frd0120.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PW-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PW_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Warwick2001" class="citation web cs1">Graham Warwick (14 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/pandw-ties-up-deal-for-new-russian-launcher-engine-/37341.article">"P&W ties up deal for new Russian launcher engine"</a>. <i>flightglobal.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flightglobal.com&rft.atitle=P%26W+ties+up+deal+for+new+Russian+launcher+engine&rft.date=2001-05-14&rft.au=Graham+Warwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpandw-ties-up-deal-for-new-russian-launcher-engine-%2F37341.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/44948">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"В Воронеже создали двигатель для Марса" в блоге "Перспективные разработки, НИОКРы, изобретения" - Сделано у нас"</a>. <i>Сделано у нас</i>. 17 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81&rft.atitle=%22%D0%92+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%22+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5+%22%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C+%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%A0%D1%8B%2C+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%22+-+%D0%A1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdelanounas.ru%2Fblogs%2F44948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roscosmos.ru/21916/">"Новости. КБХА. СЕРИЯ ИСПЫТАНИЙ ИОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ЗАВЕРШЕНА"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8.+%D0%9A%D0%91%D0%A5%D0%90.+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%AB%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%99+%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%94%D0%92%D0%98%D0%93%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%AF+%D0%97%D0%90%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%A8%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roscosmos.ru%2F21916%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+Automatics+Design+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roscosmos_subsidiaries26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roscosmos" title="Template:Roscosmos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roscosmos" title="Template talk:Roscosmos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roscosmos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roscosmos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roscosmos_subsidiaries26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> subsidiaries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Electromechanics" title="All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Design_Bureau" title="Arsenal Design Bureau">Arsenal Design Bureau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavcosmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Glavcosmos">Glavcosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Satellite_Systems_Reshetnev" title="Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev">Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keldysh_Research_Center" title="Keldysh Research Center">Keldysh Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center" title="Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center">Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Machine-Building_Plant" title="Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant">Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin" title="Lavochkin">Lavochkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makeyev_Rocket_Design_Bureau" title="Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau">Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology">Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Development_Institute_of_Mechanical_Engineering" title="Research and Development Institute of Mechanical Engineering">Research and Development Institute of Mechanical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPO_Avtomatiki" title="NPO Avtomatiki">NPO Avtomatiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash">NPO Energomash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPO_Tekhnomash" title="NPO Tekhnomash">NPO Tekhnomash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKB_Fakel" title="OKB Fakel">OKB Fakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Rocket_Space_Centre" title="Progress Rocket Space Centre">Progress Rocket Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-PM" title="Proton-PM">Proton-PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Production_Association_Of_Automation_And_Instrument-Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific Production Association Of Automation And Instrument-Building">Scientific Production Association Of Automation And Instrument-Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TsNIIMash" title="TsNIIMash">TsNIIMash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation" title="United Rocket and Space Corporation">United Rocket and Space Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlatoust_Machine-Building_Plant" title="Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant">Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&oldid=1257274643">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&oldid=1257274643</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="Category:Chemical Automatics Design Bureau">Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aerospace_companies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union">Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defence_companies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Defence companies of the Soviet Union">Defence companies of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union">Science and technology in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ion_engines" title="Category:Ion engines">Ion engines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_and_Russian_space_institutions" title="Category:Soviet and Russian space institutions">Soviet and Russian space institutions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1941_establishments_in_Russia" title="Category:1941 establishments in Russia">1941 establishments in Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_engine_manufacturers_of_Russia" title="Category:Rocket engine manufacturers of Russia">Rocket engine manufacturers of Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roscosmos_divisions_and_subsidiaries" title="Category:Roscosmos divisions and subsidiaries">Roscosmos divisions and subsidiaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Voronezh" title="Category:Companies based in Voronezh">Companies based in Voronezh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministry_of_General_Machine-Building_(Soviet_Union)" title="Category:Ministry of General Machine-Building (Soviet Union)">Ministry of General Machine-Building (Soviet Union)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Design_bureaus" title="Category:Design bureaus">Design bureaus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Construction_and_civil_engineering_companies_established_in_1941" title="Category:Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1941">Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1941</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_October_2020" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from October 2020">Vague or ambiguous time from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_October_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 02:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>6 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-585dc88b6-9zd4g","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.716","walltime":"0.908","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10163,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":99245,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14593,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":86834,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 838.930 1 -total"," 41.31% 346.576 2 Template:Infobox"," 37.12% 311.438 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 23.68% 198.686 15 Template:Wikidata_revenue"," 15.46% 129.740 30 Template:Wikidata"," 10.32% 86.590 13 Template:Fix"," 9.93% 83.304 1 Template:Langx"," 9.10% 76.367 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.00% 75.486 5 Template:To_USD"," 8.34% 69.970 1 Template:Reflist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.463","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25604853,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-585dc88b6-nzxl9","timestamp":"20250327020216","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Chemical Automatics Design Bureau","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4231576","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4231576","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-11-16T23:41:13Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T02:41:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/KBHA.JPG","headline":"Russian Design Bureau"}</script> </body> </html>