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The Spanish used the term to refer to the Caddo and their territory.Motto: “Friendship”Slogan: \u0022Texas. It\u0027s Like a Whole Other Country\u0022State symbolsFlower: Bluebonnet (1901)Tree: Pecan (1919)Animal: Large Mammal: Texas Longhorn (1995); Small Mammal: nine-banded armadillo (1927)Bird: Northern Mockingbird (1927)Fish: Guadalupe Bass (1989)Vegetables: Sweet Onion (1997)Gem: Texas Blue Topaz (1969)Colors: None officially designatedSong: \u0022Texas, Our Texas\u0022 (1929)Poem: \u0022A Texas Prayer\u0022 (2019)Grass: Sideoats Grama (1971)Fossil: Paluxysaurus Jonesi (2009)Dinosaur: Paluxysaurus Jonesi (2009)Cookie: None officially designatedInsect: Monarch Butterfly (1995)Ballad: \u0022Texas, Our Texas\u0022 (1929)Bilingual song: None officially designatedQuestion: None officially designatedFossilGovernmentGovernor: Greg Abbott, R (to Jan. 2027)Lieut. Governor: Dan Patrick, R (to Jan. 2027)Secy. of State: Carlos Cascos (apptd. by gov.)Comptroller: Glenn Hegar, RAtty. General: Ken Paxton, RU.S. Representatives: 36Senators: John Cornyn, R (to Jan. 2027); Ted Cruz, R (to Jan. 2025)Historical biographies of Congressional membersState website: https://texas.gov/PopulationResidents: TexanResident population: 30,065,904 (2nd Largest State, 2023)10 largest cities in Texas (2023): Houston, 2,302,878; San Antonio, 1,472,909; Dallas, 1,299,544; Austin, 974,447; Fort Worth, 956,709; El Paso, 677,456; Arlington, 394,602; Corpus Christi, 316,239; Plano, 289,547; Lubbock, 263,930.Race/Ethnicity: White (48.12%); Black/African American (12.33%); Native American/Alaskan Native (1.03%); Hispanic/Latino (40.2%); Two or more races (17.6%); Other race (13.6%).Religion: Catholic (23%); Evangelical Protestant (14%); Southern Baptist Convention (9%); Independent Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) 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data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink">History<i class="arrow down"></i></span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-hidewhencollapse="0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="4b93647c-84fc-4a69-99c9-a421fd7559b4" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/history" target=""> History Overview </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="c56361ab-8d10-4c0c-83c7-251a5eb04a38" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/timeline-archive" target=""> Timelines </a> </li><li 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title="" href="/history/hispanic-heritage" target=""> Hispanic Heritage Month </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="9646478f-f2ce-49e5-b90d-a26bc85f39d1" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/history/womens-history" target=""> Women's History Month </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="823c9906-9f40-4c10-8bb9-57da2519a641" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="0" data-group="1"> <span data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink">Math & Science<i class="arrow down"></i></span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" 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class="we-megamenu-nolink">Calendar & Holidays<i class="arrow down"></i></span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-hidewhencollapse="0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="7ebfbf4a-de2b-460b-930f-1928372833d7" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/calendars" target=""> Calendar & Holidays Overview </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="4411d1bf-0883-4267-8759-11614e0f285f" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/calendars/history" target=""> Calendars </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="d76efcb5-a742-4b6a-b14d-217d6d76e9ca" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/culture-entertainment/holidays" target=""> Holidays </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="56cc31b3-222b-448a-bf5c-bd325334323d" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/calendars/months-seasons" target=""> Seasons, Months, Days </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="fe1989d7-ce71-4b13-9848-4f86e931467e" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/calendar" target=""> Perpetual Calendar </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="0"> <ul class="nav 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</li> <li> Texas </li> </ol> </nav> <h1 class="page-title"><span>Texas</span> </h1> <section class = "main-section col-sm-12" id="mainaside"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <article data-history-node-id="70093"> <div id="block-tocjsblock"> <div id="sticky-anchor"></div> <div class="toc-js" id="toc-js-node-70093" data-selectors="h2.toc-heading" data-selectors-minimum="1" data-container=".node" data-prefix="" data-list-type="ul" data-back-to-top="0" data-back-to-top-label="Back to top" data-smooth-scrolling="1" data-scroll-to-offset="0" data-highlight-on-scroll="1" data-highlight-offset="100" data-sticky="0" data-sticky-offset="0" data-sticky-stop="" data-sticky-stop-padding="0"> <div class="toc-title h2">Table of contents</div> <nav aria-label="Table of contents"></nav> </div> </div> <div class="update-date"> Updated November 30, 2023 | <a href="/about-us#Our%20Editors"> Infoplease Staff</a> </a> <img src="/themes/ip/images/info-circle.png" title="Updated by an Infoplease Editor on November 30, 2023" height="12px" width="12px" /> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-sm-12" style="border:solid 1px #dcdcdc;"><img alt="Texas" height="auto" src="/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/tx_fl.gif" style="margin:5px auto" width="100%" loading="lazy" /><h2><strong>Texas State Information</strong></h2> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/texas#Facts%20About%20Texas"><strong>Discover Texas</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Including historic events, disasters, entertainment, animals, geographic landmarks, travel ideas, family outings, serial killers, haunted places in Texas, and more!</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/state-capitals-and-largest-cities" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Capital</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Austin</p> <p><strong>Official Name:</strong> State of Texas</p> <p><strong>Organized as a Republic:</strong> March 2, 1836</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/states-by-order-of-entry-into-the-union" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Entered Union (rank):</strong></a> December 29, 1845 (28th state)</p> <p><strong>Present constitution adopted:</strong> 1876</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/postal-information/state-abbreviations-and-state-postal-codes" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>State abbreviation/Postal code:</strong></a> Tex./TX</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/us-cities/area-codes-united-states-canada-caribbean" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>State Area Codes:</strong></a> 210, 214, 254, 281, 325, 361, 409, 430, 432, 469, 512, 682, 713, 737, 806, 817, 830, 832, 903, 915, 936, 940, 956, 972, 979</p> <h3><strong>Fun Facts About Texas</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/texas/state-nickname/lone-star-state" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Nickname</strong></a><strong>:</strong> The Lone Star State</p> <p><a href="http://infoplease.com/us/states/origin-of-state-names" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Origin of name:</strong></a> The name Texas comes from the Caddo word 'taysha' meaning "friend". The Spanish used the term to refer to the Caddo and their territory.</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/state-mottoes" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Motto</strong></a><strong>:</strong> “Friendship”</p> <p><strong>Slogan:</strong> "Texas. It's Like a Whole Other Country"</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/state-symbols"><strong><u>State symbols</u></strong></a></p> <p><strong>Flower:</strong> Bluebonnet (1901)</p> <p><strong>Tree:</strong> Pecan (1919)</p> <p><strong>Animal:</strong> <strong>Large Mammal</strong>: Texas Longhorn (1995); <strong>Small Mammal</strong>: nine-banded armadillo (1927)</p> <p><strong>Bird:</strong> Northern Mockingbird (1927)</p> <p><strong>Fish:</strong> Guadalupe Bass (1989)</p> <p><strong>Vegetables:</strong> Sweet Onion (1997)</p> <p><strong>Gem:</strong> Texas Blue Topaz (1969)</p> <p><strong>Colors:</strong> None officially designated</p> <p><strong>Song:</strong> "Texas, Our Texas" (1929)</p> <p><strong>Poem:</strong> "A Texas Prayer" (2019)</p> <p><strong>Grass:</strong> Sideoats Grama (1971)</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/math-science/biology/plants-animals/dinosaur-fossils-by-us-state"><strong>Fossil</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Paluxysaurus Jonesi (2009)</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/math-science/biology/plants-animals/list-of-dinosaurs-by-us-state"><strong>Dinosaur</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Paluxysaurus Jonesi (2009)</p> <p><strong>Cookie:</strong> None officially designated</p> <p><strong>Insect:</strong> Monarch Butterfly (1995)</p> <p><strong>Ballad:</strong> "Texas, Our Texas" (1929)</p> <p><strong>Bilingual song:</strong> None officially designated</p> <p><strong>Question: </strong>None officially designated<a href="https://www.infoplease.com/math-science/biology/plants-animals/dinosaur-fossils-by-us-state"><strong>Fossil</strong></a></p> <h3>Government</h3> <p><a href="https://texas.gov/"><strong>Governor</strong></a><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/the-governors-of-the-fifty-states"><strong>:</strong></a> Greg Abbott, R (to Jan. 2027)</p> <p><strong>Lieut. Governor:</strong> Dan Patrick, R (to Jan. 2027)</p> <p><strong>Secy. of State:</strong> Carlos Cascos (apptd. by gov.)</p> <p><strong>Comptroller:</strong> Glenn Hegar, R</p> <p><strong>Atty. General:</strong> Ken Paxton, R</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/legislative-branch/members-of-the-house-of-representatives-117th-congress"><strong>U.S. Representatives:</strong></a> 36</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/legislative-branch/members-of-the-us-senate-117th-congress"><strong>Senators:</strong></a> <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/biographies/government-politics/john-cornyn-tx">John Cornyn</a>, R (to Jan. 2027); Ted Cruz, R (to Jan. 2025)</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/biography/us/congress/tx"><strong><u>Historical biographies of Congressional members</u></strong></a></p> <p><strong>State website: </strong><a href="https://texas.gov/">https://texas.gov/</a></p> <h3><strong>Population</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/legislative-branch/members-of-the-us-senate-110th-congress" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Residents</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Texan</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/population/us-population-state-1790-2015" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Resident population</strong></a><strong>:</strong> 30,065,904 (2nd Largest State, 2023)</p> <p><strong>10 largest cities in Texas (2023):</strong> Houston, 2,302,878; San Antonio, 1,472,909; Dallas, 1,299,544; Austin, 974,447; Fort Worth, 956,709; El Paso, 677,456; Arlington, 394,602; Corpus Christi, 316,239; Plano, 289,547; Lubbock, 263,930.</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/world/social-statistics/ethnicity-and-race-countries" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Race/Ethnicity:</strong></a> <strong>White</strong> (48.12%); <strong>Black/African American</strong> (12.33%); <strong>Native</strong> <strong>American/Alaskan Native</strong> (1.03%); <strong>Hispanic/Latino</strong> (40.2%); <strong>Two or more races</strong> (17.6%); <strong>Other race</strong> (13.6%).</p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/world/social-statistics/world-religions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Religion</strong></a><strong>:</strong> <strong>Catholic</strong> (23%); <strong>Evangelical Protestant</strong> (14%); <strong>Southern Baptist Convention</strong> (9%); <strong>Independent Baptist</strong> (Evangelical Trad.) (Unspecified %); <strong>Irreligious</strong> (20%); <strong>Judaism</strong> (1%); <strong>Islam</strong> (1%); <strong>Buddhism</strong> (1%); <strong>Hinduism</strong> (<1%); <strong>Other religions</strong> (<1%).</p> <p><strong>Sex:</strong> <strong>Male:</strong> 49.6% ; <strong>Female:</strong> 50.4%.</p> <p><strong>Age:</strong> <strong>Under 18:</strong> 26.2%; <strong>18-64:</strong> 62.5%; <strong>65 and over:</strong> 11.3%. <strong>Median Age:</strong> 35.9.</p> <h3><strong>Economy</strong></h3> <p><strong>GDP:</strong> $1.776 trillion (2nd in U.S., 2020)</p> <p><strong>Unemployment:</strong> 4.1% (2023)</p> <h3><strong>Geography</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/land-and-water-area-of-states" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Land area:</strong></a> 261,232 sq mi. (676,587 sq km)</p> <p><strong>Geographic center:</strong> In McCulloch Co., 15 mi. NE of Brady</p> <p><strong>Number of counties:</strong> 254</p> <p><strong>Largest county by population and area:</strong> Harris, 4,713,325 (2020); Brewster, 6,193 sq mi.</p> <p><strong>State forests:</strong> 5</p> <p><strong>State parks/recreation areas:</strong> 115</p> <p><strong><em>See</em></strong> <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/texas/quickfacts-us-census-bureau"><strong>additional census data</strong></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.infoplease.com/world/travel-resources/state-and-territory-tourism-offices"><strong>Tourism office</strong></a></p> <p> </p> <p><i>See more on Texas:</i></p> <p>Encyclopedia: <a href="/search/encyclopedia/Texas">Texas</a><br /> Encyclopedia: <a href="/search/encyclopedia/Texas%3A+Geography">Geography</a><br /> Encyclopedia: <a href="/search/encyclopedia/Texas%3A+Economy">Economy</a><br /> Encyclopedia: <a href="/search/encyclopedia/Texas%3A+Government%2C+Politics%2C+and+Higher+Education">Government</a><br /> Encyclopedia: <a href="/search/encyclopedia/Texas%3A+History">History</a><br /><a href="/math-science/weather/texas-temperature-extremes">Texas Temperature Extremes</a></p> <p class="capital"><a href="/map-library">Printable Outline Maps</a></p> <p class="capital"> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-7 col-sm-12"> <div class="center"><picture><source srcset="/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/webp_image/public/inline-images/mtexas.gif.webp 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp"><img alt="Map of Texas" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="973266d0-7f87-4593-bcaa-5da7c25051e7" src="/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/mtexas.gif" style="width: 85%;" class="align-center" width="508" height="465" /></picture><div><a href="/atlas/north-america/united-states/texas-map">Map of Texas</a></div> <div>Explore the geography and cartography of the Lone Star State with Infoplease's atlas pages.</div> </div> <p>Texas, the Lone Star State, is a melting pot of cultures, landscapes, and traditions, which is home to a plethora of vibrant cities like <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/austin-tex">Austin</a>, <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/san-antonio-tex">San Antonio</a>, <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/houston-tex">Houston</a>, and <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/dallas-tex">Dallas</a>. Known for its unique identity, Texas is the embodiment of both Southern charm and the untamed spirit of the West.</p> <h2><strong>Texas Geography</strong></h2> <p>The geography of Texas is as diverse as its people. This sprawling state, which boasts of the <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/north-america/us-geography/rio-grande-river-united-states-and-mexico">Rio Grande</a> and Brazos rivers, is the second largest in the United States. Its landscapes are a mix of deserts, woodlands, and coastal swamps. This southern state is bordered to the east by Louisiana and is home to the Big Bend National Park, known for its stunning bluebonnets.</p> <p>West Texas is a loosely defined part of the U.S. state of Texas, generally encompassing the arid and semi-arid lands west of a line drawn between the cities of Wichita Falls, Abilene, and Del Rio. It is a region known for its vast and diverse landscapes, which include the ruggedness of the Guadalupe Mountains, the lush greenery of the Davis Mountains, the stark beauty of the <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/texas/chihuahuan-desert-texas">Chihuahuan Desert</a>, and the iconic Rio Grande River.</p> <h2><strong>Texas People & Population</strong></h2> <p>Texans are a unique blend of cultures, with an impressive heritage tracing back to Native American, Spanish, and Anglo roots. The state's population is diverse and dynamic, with an enormous influx of migrants adding to its vibrancy. The most populous cities in the region are Houston, El Paso, San Antonio, and Austin.</p> <h2><strong>Texas Government</strong></h2> <p>Unique from the federal government, the political body of Texas is a robust entity, embodied by the Texas Legislature, which includes the Texas House and Texas Senate, and convenes on different matters. The state government is led by Gov. Greg Abbott, a stalwart of the GOP. The Lieutenant Governor, the Comptroller of Public Accounts, and the Secretary of State are other important officials in the Texas government.</p> <p>In recent years, Texas has become a major player in national politics. The political landscape is continuously shifting, with increased influence from Democrats, especially in urban areas.</p> <h2><strong>Texas Economy</strong></h2> <p>The economy of Texas is powered by a variety of sectors, from health care to law enforcement. The state has fared reasonably well amidst the pandemic due to its robust economic machinery. Its thriving economy is also maintained by property tax revenues, which are a significant source of funding for state services.</p> <h2><strong>Texas Interesting Facts</strong></h2> <p>Texas has a colorful cultural tapestry, which includes a prominent music scene and a thriving film and television industry. The state's sports culture is also quite intense, with football reigning supreme. Another unique aspect of Texas is its official website, <a href="http://texas.gov/">texas.gov</a>, which often publishes trending tweets that signify the pulse of the state.</p> <h3><strong>Sports in Texas</strong></h3> <p>From high school football to professional baseball, Texas has a rich history of sports. The state is home to several professional sports teams, such as the <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/sports/nfc-team-team-results/dallas-cowboys-5-11-0">Dallas Cowboys</a> and Houston Astros. It also hosts major events like the Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo and the South by Southwest music festival. In addition, universities in Texas are also known for their intense rivalries in college football and basketball.</p> <h3><strong>Arts and Entertainment in Texas</strong></h3> <p>Texas is home to several renowned art museums, such as the Dallas Museum of Art and the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth. The state also boasts numerous performing arts venues, including the Houston Grand Opera and the Dallas Theater Center. For film lovers, Austin has become a hub for independent filmmaking, with organizations like South by Southwest showcasing new films each year.</p> <p>The music culture in Texas is incredibly diverse. Popular genres that have originated in the state include country music, blues, and Tejano. Additionally, many famous musicians, such as <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/people/who2-biography/willie-nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, Selena, and Stevie Ray Vaughan have made their mark on the music industry. Texas is also home to some of the best live music venues in the world, such as Austin City Limits and Billy Bob's Texas.</p> <h3><strong>Texan Cuisine</strong></h3> <p>The cuisine of Texas is a reflection of the diverse history of the state. Tex-Mex dishes, such as burritos and tacos, are some of the most popular foods in Texas. Barbecue is also extremely popular in the Lone Star State, with many cities hosting annual barbecue festivals. Additionally, Texan cooking incorporates influences from Cajun and Creole traditions. Pinto beans, cornbread, chili con carne and other works of Texas comfort food can be found all over the state.</p> <h2><strong>Texas History</strong></h2> <p>Texas has a rich and dynamic history. The <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/states-by-order-of-entry-into-the-union">28th state in the Union</a>, Texas was the Republic of Texas before joining the United States. Its history is marked by the struggle for independence, the Civil War, and the continuous fight for civil rights.</p> <h3><strong>Pre-Colonial History</strong></h3> <p>Before the arrival of European settlers, Texas was inhabited by various <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/history/native-american-heritage/native-american-heritage-month-tribes-reservations">Native American tribes</a>, including the Apache, Comanche, and Caddo. These tribes had their own unique cultures and societies and made significant accomplishments in areas such as agriculture, trade, and art. In fact, archaeological evidence suggests that these tribes have lived in the area for over 11,000 years.</p> <h3><strong>Colonial History</strong></h3> <p>Texas was first colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century, with the establishment of missions and presidios. They named the region “Texas” after a Native American word meaning “friends or allies.” In the 18th century, the region became a part of New Spain and later Mexico. The borders of the colony shifted over time, including the splitting of Texas from Coahuila y Tejas. Texas played a significant role in the American War of Independence, with individuals such as Bernardo de Gálvez providing support to the American colonists. Texas also experienced the institution of slavery during this period.</p> <h3><strong>Pre-Civil War History</strong></h3> <p>Throughout the 18th century, Spain and later Mexico colonized the territory. Mexico declared Texas a state in 1821, but the area soon became a battleground for Mexican independence</p> <p>During the Antebellum years, Texas experienced rapid development, particularly in agriculture and the cattle industry. The state also witnessed political violence, including conflicts with Native American tribes and disputes over land. Major innovations and inventions, such as the development of cotton gin, contributed to the state's economic growth.</p> <h3><strong>Post-Civil War History</strong></h3> <p>Following the <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/judicial-branch/the-supreme-court">Civil War</a>, Texas underwent a period of reconstruction and recovery. The cattle industry continued to thrive, and the discovery of oil in the early 20th century brought significant economic growth and development to the state.</p> <h3><strong>Modern History</strong></h3> <p>From World War II to the present day, Texas has played a prominent role in various events and developments. The state has been a major center for the aerospace and technology industries, with the establishment of <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/social-science/government/us/nasa">NASA's</a> Johnson Space Center in Houston. Texas has also been at the forefront of the civil rights movement, with significant contributions from leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Cesar Chavez. The state has experienced rapid population growth, urbanization, and diversification of its economy.</p> <p>In recent years, Texas has become a major player in national politics. With shifting demographics and changing political landscapes, Texas voters are now more influential than ever in deciding the country's political fate.</p> </div> </div> <div style="visibility: hidden; display:inline;"><a name="Facts About Texas" id="Facts About Texas">Facts About Texas</a></div> <h2 class="text-align-left">Facts About Texas</h2> <p>The second-largest state in America, <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/atlas/north-america/united-states/texas-map">Texas</a> is home to everything bigger and better. The Lone Star State has some of the most vibrant, cultural, and historic locations, including <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/houston-tex">Houston</a>, <a href="Austin, Tex.">Austin</a>, and <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/dallas-tex">Dallas</a>, perfect for city walks and museum visits, shopping trips, and food tours.</p> <p>In <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/texas">Texas</a>, you can find the echoes of past <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/history/us/the-confederate-states-of-america">Confederate States</a>, rebellions, struggles for independence, and Native American tribes that still dwell on their ancestral lands. And you can explore more <a>Texas</a> facts right here on Infoplease, including the 28th state’s largest cities, national parks, movie locations, wildlife, geographic features, and more!</p> <h3>Arts & Culture</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/native-american-tribes-in-texas">Native American Tribes in Texas</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/top-30-movies-filmed-in-texas">Top 30 Movies Filmed in Texas</a></p> <h3>Crime & Paranormal</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/22-most-haunted-places-in-texas">22 Most Haunted Places in Texas</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/most-infamous-serial-killers-in-texas">10 Most Infamous Serial Killers in Texas</a></p> <h3>Disasters</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/natural-disasters-in-texas">Natural Disasters in Texas</a></p> <h3>History</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/texas-revolution-santa-anna-and-the-alamo">The Texas Revolution: Santa Anna and The Alamo</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/texas-rodeo-history">Texas Rodeo History</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/texas-oil-boom-and-industry">Gushers: The Texas Oil Boom and Industry</a></p> <h3>Geography & Landmarks</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/national-parks-in-texas">National Parks in Texas</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/highest-peaks-texas">Highest Peaks in Texas</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/chihuahuan-desert-texas">Texas Desert: The Chihuahuan Desert</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/15-texas-landmarks">15 Texas Landmarks: Natural, Manmade, and Historic</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/biggest-best-lakes-in-texas">22 Lakes in Texas (Biggest, Best, and Why!)</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/best-beaches-in-texas">16 Best Beaches in Texas</a></p> <h3>Travel</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/things-to-do-in-texas-with-kids">Things To Do in Texas With Kids</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/best-hiking-in-texas">Best Hiking in Texas: Natural Must-Dos</a></p> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/biggest-and-best-cities-in-texas">15 Biggest and Best Cities in Texas</a></p> <h3>Wildlife</h3> <p><a href="/us/states/texas/texas-wildlife-and-state-animals">Texas Animals: Native Wildlife & Texas State Animals</a></p> <h2><strong>People Also Ask…</strong></h2> <p>If you are interested in more information about the state of Texas, then keep reading — we have compiled answers to the most common questions below. Plus, test your newfound state knowledge by taking our quiz on the <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/quizzes/geography/texas-map-quiz">Map of Texas</a>!</p> <h3>What Texas Is Known For?</h3> <p>Texas is known for its cowboy culture, vibrant music scene, and abundance of BBQ. It's also the home of NASA’s Johnson Space Center, and boasts a booming economy based on energy, technology, and banking.</p> <h3>Is Texas State Good To Live?</h3> <p>Yes, Texas is an excellent place to live! The Lone Star State has a low cost of living, plenty of job opportunities in the bustling cities, and friendly folks across its 254 counties. Plus, it's home to some great universities like UT Austin and Texas A&M.</p> <h3>Are Texans Friendly?</h3> <p>Absolutely! Texans are known for their hospitality and southern charm. People of all backgrounds are welcomed in the Lone Star State, and Texans often go out of their way to make new visitors feel right at home.</p> <h3>What Are Texas Cities?</h3> <p>Some of the major cities in Texas include Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, Austin, El Paso, Arlington, and Corpus Christi. Additionally, there are numerous smaller towns throughout the state that offer a unique charm to their residents.</p> <h3>How Did Texas Get Its Name?</h3> <p>Texas was named after the Native American Caddo word “tejas,” which means “friends.” The Spanish explorers who first encountered this land used this term to describe its friendly inhabitants. Texas is also nicknamed the Lone Star State in honor of the single star on its flag, which symbolizes Texas’s pride in being an independent nation. In 1845, it became the 28th state in the Union.</p> <div class="row"> <h3 id="A0108214">Famous Texas Natives and Residents</h3> <div class="col-sm-4"> <p><b><b><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Ailey%2C+Alvin%2C+Jr.">Alvin Ailey</a></b> <i>choreographer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/who2-biography/wes-anderson">Wes Anderson</a></b> <i>filmmaker; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/mary-kay-ash">Mary Kay Ash</a></b> <i>cosmetics entrepreneur; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Stephen+Fuller+Austin">Stephen Fuller Austin</a></b> <i>founding father of Texas; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/a/gene-autry">Gene Autry</a></b> <i>singer and actor; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Carol+Burnett">Carol Burnett</a></b> <i>comedienne; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/George+Walker+Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> <i>president; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/c/cyd-charisse">Cyd Charisse</a></b> <i>actress and dancer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/concise-biographies/cooley-denton-arthur">Denton A. Cooley</a></b> <i>heart surgeon; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/c/joan-crawford">Joan Crawford</a></b> <i>actress; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Dwight+David+Eisenhower">Dwight David Eisenhower</a></b> <i>president; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/tom-ford">Tom Ford</a></b> <i>designer, director; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/A.+J.+Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a></b> <i>auto racer; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Ben+Hogan">Ben Hogan</a></b> <i>golfer; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Samuel+Houston">Sam Houston</a></b> <i>statesman; </i></b></b></p> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <p><b><b><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Howard+Robard+Hughes">Howard Hughes</a></b> <i>industrialist and film producer; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Jack+Johnson">Jack Johnson</a></b> <i>boxer; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Lyndon+Baines+Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b> <i>president; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/concise-biographies/jones-george">George Jones</a></b> <i>singer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/j/tommy-lee-jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a></b> <i>actor; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/j/janis-joplin">Janis Joplin</a></b> <i>singer; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Scott+Joplin">Scott Joplin</a></b> <i>composer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/who2-biography/beyonce">Beyonce Knowles</a></b> <i>singer/performer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/concise-biographies/lopez-trini">Trini Lopez</a></b> <i>singer; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Mary+Martin">Mary Martin</a></b> <i>singer and actress; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/who2-biography/matthew-mcconaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a></b> <i>actor; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/concise-biographies/mcfarland-spanky">Spanky McFarland</a></b> <i>actor; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/m/audie-murphy">Audie Murphy</a></b> <i>actor and war hero; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Chester+William+Nimitz">Chester Nimitz</a></b> <i>admiral; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Sandra+Day+O%27Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></b> <i>jurist; </i></b></b></p> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <p><b><b><b><a href="/people/concise-biographies/owens-buck">Buck Owens</a></b> <i>singer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/s/selena">Selena</a></b> <i>singer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/p/lou-diamond-phillips">Lou Diamond Phillips</a></b> <i>actor; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Katherine+Anne+Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a></b> <i>novelist; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Wiley+Post">Wiley Post</a></b> <i>aviator; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/r/dan-rather">Dan Rather</a></b> <i>TV newscaster; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Robert+Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a></b> <i>painter; </i><br /><b><a href="/encyclopedia/arts/performing/pop-jazz-bios/ritter-tex">Tex Ritter</a></b> <i>singer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/who2-biography/robert-rodriguez">Robert Rodriguez</a></b> <i>fimmaker; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/t/rip-torn">Rip Torn</a></b> <i>actor and director; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/t/tommy-tune">Tommy Tune</a></b> <i>dancer and choreographer; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/who2-biography/stevie-ray-vaughan">Stevie Ray Vaughan</a></b> <i>musician; </i><br /><b><a href="/people/concise-biographies/velez-lupe">Lupe Velez</a></b> <i>actress; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/wilson-dooley">Dooley Wilson</a></b> <i>actor and musician; </i><br /><b><a href="/search/encyclopedia/Babe+Didrikson">Babe Didrikson Zaharias</a></b> <i>athlete and golfer.</i></b></b></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <h3><b><b>U.S. State Comparisons</b></b></h3> <div class="col-sm-4"> <p><b><b><i>Population & Economy</i><br /><a href="/us/population/us-population-state-1790-2015">Historical Population Statistics, 1790–Present</a><br /><a href="/business-finance/poverty-and-income/capita-personal-income-state">Per Capita Personal Income</a><br /><a href="/business-finance/labor-and-employment/annual-federal-minimum-wage-rates-1955-2015">Minimum Wage Rates</a><br /><a href="/business-finance/taxes/state-taxes-individuals">State Taxes</a><br /><a href="/business-finance/us-economy-and-federal-budget/summary-federal-government-expenditureby-state-and">Federal Government Expenditure</a><br /><a href="/business-finance/poverty-and-income/percent-people-poverty-state-2002-2010">Percent of People in Poverty</a><br /><a href="/us/births/births-birth-rates-and-fertility-rates-2008">Births and Birth Rates</a><br /><a href="/us/household-and-family-statistics/homeownership-state-2000-2007-and-2010">Homeownership</a><br /><a href="/math-science/health/healthcare/percent-of-americans-without-health-insurance-by-state-2004-2006">Percentage of Uninsured by State</a></b></b></p> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <p><b><b><i>Society & Culture:</i><br /><a href="/us/states/most-livable-states">Most Livable States</a><br /><a href="/us/states/healthiest-states">Healthiest States</a><br /><a href="/us/states/safest-and-most-dangerous-states-2017">Most Dangerous States</a><br /><a href="/us/states/top-ten-smartest-states-2010">Smartest States</a><br /><a href="/us/crime/crime-rate-state-2014">Crime Index</a><br /><a href="/us/government/elections/residency-requirements-for-voting">Residency Requirements for Voting</a><br /><a href="/us/elementary-and-high-school-education/state-compulsory-school-attendance-laws">Compulsory School Attendance Laws</a><br /><a href="/world/transportation/driving-laws-2006">Driving Laws</a><br /> </b></b></p> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <p><b><b><i>Geography & Climate</i><br /><a href="/math-science/weather/record-highest-temperatures-by-state">Record Highest Temperatures</a><br /><a href="/math-science/weather/record-lowest-temperatures-by-state">Record Lowest Temperatures</a><br /><a href="/world/united-states-geography/highest-lowest-and-mean-elevations-united-states">Highest, Lowest, and Mean Elevations</a><br /><a href="/us/states/land-and-water-area-of-states">Land and Water Area</a></b></b></p> </div> </div> <p><b><b> </b></b></p> <a href="/us/states">The 50 States of America | U.S. State Information</a> <a href="/us/states/tennessee" rel="prev">Tennessee</a> <a href="/us/states/utah" rel="next">Utah</a> <div class="state-foot-links"> <div class="field_intro_page"> <a href="/us/states">The 50 States of America | U.S. State Information</a> </div> <div class="field_previous_page"> <a href="/us/states/tennessee" rel="prev">Tennessee</a> </div> <div class="field_next_page"> <a href="/us/states/utah" rel="next">Utah</a> </div> </div> <div class="src-wrapper"> <div class="expand-src">Sources +</div> <div class="collapse-src hide"> <div><a href="/sources">Our Common Sources</a></div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="views-element-container block" 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