CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91366f854a3efe22',cH: 'GFfGqqXD64iWUj6Id7ikouaf9QDI98PECADew24FV9E-1739802210-1.2.1.1-NTcpSVn_ayGpGr5hl1uoq9.qAB1CdG2DOgx2hbUQHLDAJRFs2ZMwr98apyEmY3pH',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20productivity&__cf_chl_tk=KrmklSH8S5bKQKJX6yKS7lzlNGtFEpdozQ73nmo7BLM-1739802210-1.0.1.1-4EFYPvpBN1rQJ1saKJ4f0blgG4AnuTQWUOeM0rePi1A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739802210',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20productivity&__cf_chl_f_tk=KrmklSH8S5bKQKJX6yKS7lzlNGtFEpdozQ73nmo7BLM-1739802210-1.0.1.1-4EFYPvpBN1rQJ1saKJ4f0blgG4AnuTQWUOeM0rePi1A",md: "5UIr_nYS1LEuQK6TkX.xUNygsSVV9GkMV9kxohJ90ts-1739802210-1.2.1.1-O_k9EitiOGWb.nCtdIFur3VAGydwljnPTw8TEuK_CA8o4oQIFRCMn5IQBquV7Ij2Wuoq1MfiOnNMdTseLfLq1qKTi.lDMQRvoO8u1MDJ2.zp3LX4YgZD7sxAYlyvN75pXKYc8G7pMNgr4tE25llogB.8fwz1bDLu4h3Kjq7_gqHaATGcdoEyuYfZuflyS9ufQBLFupDHAU7AuvcVxIbgj_VUOMwEOT6q1iLGcK6rVQ1t6LH6s7_PYfys9IQTpcI.1ZQ3EaetQ3LJEfOzwDUYqZtJ12PNigI8p4Te4kLDbsFPU16RimRwelcZwcO06GlTuxgPhD9WqwpttSGRBHuzCwcobs3RjM727sDc3TmzZpUigcn365QY1b6jUQOTY8notCw4k6Cv3sw7.9YabT4X60R3hhjaayibdfNyIV2ljl.RY4dsn3LPLajW4c2Ke967x0tLyAp7sTuNHdfBDgIBps_Mu21esiPCNcejr8MDauYGwfWDvzVs.nd62mGy8_VRhAhzzbE2kA5WyxW39mPJKgwZNVJJTp7uNunhWke6jjU_PTz.z.yFkgQWif5V9t9PawJ6..QB0gWKISWnJ9dExKVcyQcDO7Klnr.muiTamAJxRpL_WGF6laQbWkT8o0r2gVPqvlIOM_u6N38A9uPbu93digNQUaRFkOWm7SpHkArUz2Q48ud2DzFRi1cN3ZHyWOQXN2wc4Pc3TwpqcwqbuF0RrcPUKJw2DPT6ktJJqzdUysMMyytzGwhKPk92DnVGhlQUIYDGxOATBw.sMoF6UMkzmfCCvIW4aRdJ68EsHQMwx0LLPglPs3SUCdAsQY8CxyNzXCE39iSyq9PQ9XmbpnTlopI21GsN1fWOp1vl6SDhI0FeDiLmLidH6t1A_rulcV50bp65MqrZdXe8eMHRG6l5HuWa9RFCCWzyiz51glYHgBgnmWDp0fJliyumIJtdXGZQcH6EoeYMRyX5mOBNsoXiBOn2fU_kpGk9Urvf3t1bYaUjYtTo0FHn3QwFbRpF4LtE2SCHiQjFu1lNIFZ5CJ.6TuhpdKOcqCAwwkzAlLKa.QRApPzOlo9aW7wwUsEZj3xym9iea78meeyIrYh5VnL1UHSISphKnUEcAZG2qZo7yKHrG4duAj84Fig5Tp3Kkk7IW7n9rvA481nsd8fmAWy3tOMMrTWNS7GNPLoyAgFOijQfHplEO4EX5.u0WjoKhm2NmNtnM3FtUFknl69KfTlxMhnWUytyQCGwOEEsCkRIgVdrzJtI20uaxdBA1GvqEVMREgQk.NUDL7yjBGEpqg7WHnJFWOptzMA.iP_W3rkgR06OI8q7k5kEFfQ33vryWh.Omr7MGh2kwKASV03X0OZnHIlrIalUPxXSAmUHa4d_d.hAvCWfEPZVCmni.BOI0PsWgeZR3ikOy7I_iBnQEH0rUXJYlH6PHHA1UK0D5v4VwLeORr1g7990wzMzgbU0zc9MxGMJ7whpsfDV_uSL1PjHzqWFRSb7vUQsPtBRhgfGt9SEGFsjfF1SroUcFjgz5Nl8W1tNmoJklagQDg.Q0h2plo9T8M9dqBIVGv9l6wzwTeOXQLNK.7Y_5KNrLHT29bHl3bZD_ErYPXSF5BslPBo5HDLLnLRFsM2Cn2OsXML388FcU7Bqd3qbDuZ_0NC.rGpfn_eGveIybtUEKv97yLiKnAj0ts076SOZZD90.CBp1s.kP2XyzJ6cMQTDtugJ4enQsdYWTHoFY2IoviToFiy8EjMC5.SvWdi0h0k6vtEAvcEV4y0HRAf9CmR9dFZHB2AD0BBHT8aLXTZwnRnUWOt7VIdaK7dnie.7sIV2AUBdvj13w1JgyCM2s3N5kruoGcWalVJAhnQwcgxb_Q3jD.8CVknm7HoXP_BpGtO1hMePB1.QJT18ZqD9oq4Z4RpAm3B9q6T..n8lX_zdVJ6YNZEmZ.NsP1nxRESV_fX.Yuk",mdrd: "c2OfJA7UPFlEugXfPgmHyYeziyi4FJOsnhIERoNLZmg-1739802210-1.2.1.1-OvxxFszBqT4W679lH7nsVlCVG2GlUecDCg6vP7nDUx99fwRPSLEE4nrfIYeFG7Y8jJx39VHJ85HcU9i1kdotu.ZIe3LTkMugWA2yGUz.Ha9sckvEeyfJKZzNUxLwsEYaW5kkkIbOhrWl7ekzSKHQsxtgISb4ZFbOsm7nhVKzdW2b.KHKtkRPYwp0KbE1TWXLRNnS4eE2tFtuI7IzboKhfTHCSSvnUmWP_ahKX1YENG72mJh2smlGMHfX1nJ.ugPxOwDsR6._B.MB.FHYcLPWZ4FmPrPsI9SRQOdDhuDrXoHUh7UOjT06OJe3P8Y1sMhSq4IdxW.9k5q47XuZOOPyDGn9gQrDVsdd9pQrKa9PH1JnGENHkIPuxcC55y8jrzf8TfJcpYujKl.0eusgyIAPyvF4Fue.tNlKM4JY4GDTfDn5fLcbxp31b2Vxi4QhQ5DrZDquYJuyuq9dQiCXUhHWWZ3NgStFNz8lKxgkNxD2ONwC5ZdjUjr6TzAo2NDgbYglKJPd_5WampWltljjL_wbzSJR0quXApQmF4eOOUbNORN3iTtet693pniWJpXJLwOw_UeMi3tQDAX2cF_kknirnWqgBkVR3LFcDUew3X_Ourtr6.E_jl1djmP43eyHA_JFBc_ngljWaecDgnAXc0PFXIacvQKwa6Js8RPulrzp0DLIOjendzCPrYmNL4UPoNJoZLxq_YdpXUnJ3rtgBSLrnn.7sJyObaCeK5TlAYlt4DzcMGHnN_VFyfD71BS2a.u5HkjXQCNdXsHnSBa4J0yHQJtRTyQsETYNJMgG2c7tXQUR6S4PxhHJeayxEqCfTr.kwY8m.Ny3fZDLXqcMEUy240mALiJEE6MF_MtjHAy4oXY1E3oWVLxUCmVIYQXyf15l_77u52oIq4f9UDhWzTU8cTj2x48uQ0b.K6SkMdlOU.W2OOixiJw8inv2FvkCVU6F0d135lfJcIBWj7yBxmWL_bCPnb4KwZTT21g8tc9.QmxCE77IWq2LQ_YyGk7jPV2dSjqYy3CtgEz2j4xOwgC.XRwrHtomzMwPBMrF2qhkKkbQBmyZv0F2S4EVbembFJwXte2yq16wp07dioCIkvhZ_hXviyMLf4fQpdudAXJDNMdUYcVi8MxXtq_jpWJrXlscVjk1b7.nY44UITEknWMuJaKrL123bygl89fItkCsYmZsSYoBs5Ij9pxBEQjcGI3Il2XK_uYk5SQS3Yx4bfDrWaMQkwN5SS9qCbUdacUHki5BCNLB90S9tIdxUS3bX7RXttG8SIkaoD6sFc0VOIWHj9tTlgUFfOwH8TYnmiSMxchWt7e7VA7lw7nplRBg6sfvAdoJbZgsDbWu1KjK6aGkOZ5Gmp3YVCbg2_NaKyd9L.VxS4O6S93RvD2OgoZfAJxFOwh0yigqYMkP3g9.lzn6Ir5lswnAvjOIgnhVV9r05vI1EvPRZcuRvMgM90DrMnPW01zMUSDMG541gY0uzrU5Qcvt5RhG5HfrB4zoPCzIc6h4Scux4RitcCljwSRIzQZ5k_2M95aMJ14yEYLcy2iTxk_XpBuTyl60hQIZ3DHtFp8xe36pAPpVgb5f6sjNqZpeTp_D40Ns6ccOTsE9g6_UxJJzswuB3f_pgbKwro6.bQB_eZU7R9EH56A5ACol0_eEH9Vk8KIhebUGXO6uxobH5jjpxZy9PjMcD_M5.Cr787S2qautSTFsLnRq.2HR2mnrXBf7JdcW5EX79vUkPpWn1qjyO0FKt2mzK8TkhJkXDJ75uOsAbO2Y.S_siDL2ymyhoBJcsQkndAB2TvwY_PAPbg0CJnN0YGgbOZdqYM7vg9Nel5lwram4C7O1fKRtJe_myoKCA.qvZgQRZRAVdw.ThSSOTQHu6hzzgNPAFF4ATBf33.WSvP8L8wozqM6u5BJGXF8UCZw6bPikXkA7uZpxcY5Mu1Zh_bQlh9zf4SdKGBwwDCYqmBnH2vhNXrHVlY9TSJTL48ivvE73mEXXDUtIbQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91366f854a3efe22';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20productivity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=KrmklSH8S5bKQKJX6yKS7lzlNGtFEpdozQ73nmo7BLM-1739802210-1.0.1.1-4EFYPvpBN1rQJ1saKJ4f0blgG4AnuTQWUOeM0rePi1A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>