CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e9fbea6084a6010',cH: 'AbcWoRA9MFIDUgbRgQOMhbmd3p8mOKdFbOKF48ArXAE-1732853392-1.2.1.1-ojBW3yDzw_ZNw.HLZpgjvYXvqi0eTFfAyDPIRCx3qkycNig.L_M7_hEnF8PdLUnN',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=M000979&__cf_chl_tk=w9AaFTfTcdWliViZ.GTEagwcJbeTSIlt9kKHr4306y8-1732853392-1.0.1.1-cCuDN6yYrqTCw8.YQcsfpQQqbF55wFOc7r_5aXLCvd0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732853392',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=M000979&__cf_chl_f_tk=w9AaFTfTcdWliViZ.GTEagwcJbeTSIlt9kKHr4306y8-1732853392-1.0.1.1-cCuDN6yYrqTCw8.YQcsfpQQqbF55wFOc7r_5aXLCvd0",md: "BLakTXAs0PXMW4qibhu.Gr2EpnZ88iR2ffwnTNJTFXQ-1732853392-1.2.1.1-S8fP4IF3gFXVfpYGQXX6dvXaTpLkiBlTd3Ub8cDrtwsFDBgnVjdh0cGjiM24z.gIivUoTV16EzG1vEZcxKT98PJ1YHPsfs2TIiXj0db.6vd4D55KYUJxQxTf3C6kRJZ_AWSi1Nirq_LXqqIDQGP8I0_9yXMEh_IfbH6QS33Pg1idQJ_fIHGDU8xZqtp5HNXeM4iQM5MHyUvn9nOwwcGmzGguunICYx1FChUW66KdE3JrWTSrvCQweB4apR2VAvmab20sLPzoQCGud.i6Ck8m0kMucVP55h_qMFGVsoidT9OD8OOQEiOxeJ7.o4fuec8G7Oa_5iOBghqcZndwVY5uLcz5OQk9iqSalnwJ9g47QGE15w5VH5seCHJD1jl5HhyBWEayAJ7sYhAWgMYb4sgOqWSyLGkvM0VcNJ0OBXPPrV3ANM15PuexI_hDQ0YlhxN1o9bLWwR_5.Ajyd7OXAvUAruVUN4jlR8MEkOdIgZBkaQGdOHHbH0nP_pKJWyBFDAOoIAASc9wAg0UJccgDBvlxceh__TN6RW1_PtPEM88TIR2ntG7mKmad4SjMF7LEdVABrA2iQGq2.Cmpp.EPXkSSiDNuCJBOge812DQQKLqFQW1StJOJ9IWH6yJQqn1DtfkRZ8TwvO0t58s0zZ5mNqNKrjMph1EHChYTNCsW6G5cR0i9VJK5bvUXmFR5_t0wsoiMeQxD8D6TkX.q.oaOExNpv4Jr9iTmD.xI19gxVSp42WuOj4iYcO.h62R.6cODpnbV62l.gMU5Jrb3GzH7Za1btSqtlS0z0ulyMnAz09DuNE9xroW1VETy8iZujFjhxVaKf5dKGOMdradoeDlBriT4Bc_0ndbH0ONWGb4l608szYM.qtEE6RQFDkkhT2dKKtevgaKdDEiemcqCmtY9n1HlhLONnhmBWKXpU5nvT3cBEhn.7CG.qsH7aisdJ2pqAArRjtuC12e.mTYb3KjjEM_DwMcdpKFn3N9RJReL8C3CvqYZToKz4MsijDMY6rikoaQK9VwmcVv2clwBg7oZGg3bw7nlKRYKVS6JkLOY_N0x9Xb5PQJgTQjij6dKm0ziVIh3r4NyQZCAYo00IAStgN3vjNi7dliqg9J5CWxcI2aJfbzi.EvyZRxLq04LA30tHvRn_YXBhop9YyuLQJG6GCGpiMVuFAjP728HonSgo2I.OzhPWkQ_aSjSg6jbu9l1_wuzyUrQnpxfFslv7y23V8mB0HE4NZMyKSJZGUwHP6abYpQuZ8kTXLXggkGZLB862gLMPcR51rw_f.i7q5VXEQWWHzvpbEabdfGjqJvz9nmOtUruHBuHnwnodWutKSSqL52BYyZ7pztlqPsCda3aMh80..VLYGpePvaQDoEG0cGOj.tdxUwl10fjmDJjIsWuqM9ppg.foWZ29ym1GjvEUCHiK9PO6tOOEzYNaY2nOA8qHUs0QXExYVz3kdSADMvhk0RnQtHtPAoVJcWyE0UCy_diFcXNKylJSrSrjH1CcyxzDKJVj1n_mlS8Tk5xEQAVBPESXDhmWHa2lm3BT7thTvLUzsdl2mVWqkUMJZnw8CxoSkeNPueXpuIJZBy6VoYdLAcxoukpsAGJ7fnaG4oo5P2UaME73NpOWqP3dXmFRpBHr3GyWEnGarlXCrnluaJfZN72sOJWB.xGxEQFb5H8WknMkeGr1Floip4pVl2qWuDgiQZ_CmZt1kDPaeYJLHSglu.sGHOPPByE53j6ZzwPa.d_T3CmiAqCZvBNxHrCbQeFx23P7KZdSjWwvH65C1E9XqcBdYP0.UJ7uYJB04gCoYXFjdcQrN7K6sMqHmt5Qk9nTQYxYf_XDxKPDPCzA7aIZ1yeap3xDhFFEQsGiYEEI7taD9JiLhbMwZDlyrciJEX0stKFh3q.wLZfX.QHGK5O.GC.SQ6Zxf49siqoOKy.LP2y1kiIh0pUdKlcSDZ81CSCQaIIkspWAZmb4kiYV1mNT0tbb0Aui9hif3BkRWbHTHKjQ",mdrd: "Pz6dqvkOvfCLcgiI3xR_VRM7jaLJS_qg3ymtYc5n0zg-1732853392-1.2.1.1-uQWhlo13oimEBpnHoK3ruxLvj3U6lfIW1MrpjM3Awxp1L2rELJ0FrnyTPebRIUE7ugz8VvA6wq2134DQ0zr7PEI1zicqemzDbyroGSaL.AhBWGtr.4HzjbqvSZX7l_y7_WwEP8AYVbu3WIXm6arpnlEi_hd10yBpCiMCiqVHPlX3Tm86KmTcOV5EG.SBlIeMyrxpvpZskYfCgDho9rEiARJM467cOyNUIzwf6ND90oxW7MosFOiObATGuGRbTIGCBqgD9Zh6CIhkEnilwDbw3zaVpQ2Go9Bt7EiPHUKfNjHudbDnwXEKq3RHWasZH9JS6m3G8u.4s8f5QTWagPBUObSNyP4KtoCv63sTT96i8Qy0BzTMnBzFCz_0M0qVssktQvZLh_mssJJBbxXyWVeSqf2UweQGECopm1U8cxUKXNdXUNVXzLY6LUtNCdG2YUTP977BUHhdtY4BcLr4S4ubkXftfOJc62e2CwgBJggTHgtzHs1QyTHbPZ_rDNQuRFhcaXBFODv7jO4loFSNolfEPEH.TJczlaEQU153_WvIQ1yDhUbSsLsNkKa5OYmRfmX1jXikcp2DK.ikafHZTmWX4HSWjDCgA_hsP.q48rwPcU_K1cu18f0iC0b1qJQI1C6pW8WQGLzkHrs7JswaffoHXSG.UAVBQHpx4G025Zl_Vc9uHoZ4IeZyFmS34d8RbJlXLTyrkKL11fD4uHXXbI7cJg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9fbea6084a6010';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=M000979&__cf_chl_rt_tk=w9AaFTfTcdWliViZ.GTEagwcJbeTSIlt9kKHr4306y8-1732853392-1.0.1.1-cCuDN6yYrqTCw8.YQcsfpQQqbF55wFOc7r_5aXLCvd0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>