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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early 19th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_19th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early 19th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1839_India_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1839_India_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1839 India cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1839_India_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Late 19th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Late_19th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Late 19th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Late_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1864_Calcutta_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1864_Calcutta_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1864 Calcutta cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1864_Calcutta_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_1867_Great_Calcutta_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_1867_Great_Calcutta_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>November 1867 Great Calcutta cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_1867_Great_Calcutta_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_1874_Bengal_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_1874_Bengal_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>October 1874 Bengal cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_1874_Bengal_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_1876_Backerganj_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_1876_Backerganj_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>October 1876 Backerganj cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_1876_Backerganj_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1877_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1877_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>1877 season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1877_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1878_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1878_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>1878 season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1878_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1879_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1879_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>1879 season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1879_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1880_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1880_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>1880 season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1880_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_1885_Aden_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_1885_Aden_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>June 1885 Aden cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_1885_Aden_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1885_Odisha_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1885_Odisha_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>1885 Odisha cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1885_Odisha_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1888_Gujarat_cyclone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1888_Gujarat_cyclone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>1888 Gujarat cyclone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1888_Gujarat_cyclone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons%22">"Pre-1890 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The years before 1890 featured the <b>pre-1890 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons</b>. Each season was an event in the annual cycle of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> formation. The North Indian tropical cyclone season has no bounds, but they tend to form between April and December, peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>. Below are the most significant cyclones in the time period. Because much of the North Indian coastline is near sea level and prone to flooding, these cyclones can easily kill many with <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a> and flooding. These cyclones are among the deadliest on earth in terms of numbers killed. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season" class="mw-redirect" title="North Indian Ocean cyclone season">North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><b>before 1890</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/1890s_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons" title="1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons">1890s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1900s_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons" title="1900s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons">1900s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1910s_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons" title="1910s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons">1910s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1920s_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons" title="1920s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons">1920s</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Before_18th_century">Before 18th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Before 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1000 – A cyclone with hurricane force Winds struck <a href="/wiki/North_Cinque_Island" title="North Cinque Island">North Cinque Island</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1480 – A cyclone deepened the channels of <a href="/wiki/Rama%27s_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama's Bridge">Rama's Bridge</a>, making it no longer possible to walk from India to Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1484 – A cyclone struck the <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> Coast of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> with hurricane force winds, killing 200,000 (Indian system 2,00,000) people.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1582 – A tropical cyclone impacted the <a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> which killed 200,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The severity lasted about five-hours, with the associated winds and thunderstorm destroying houses and boats along the coast near Bakerganj (presently in <a href="/wiki/Barisal_District" title="Barisal District">Barisal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patuakhali_District" title="Patuakhali District">Patuakhali</a>). Only Hindu temples with a strong foundation were spared.<sup id="cite_ref-imj_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>15 May 1618 – A tropical cyclone impacted <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> and was described as "disastrous".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> historian who witnessed the event described the activities of thunderstorms and whirlwind has raised waves so high.<sup id="cite_ref-Summary_of_Amitav_Ghosh's_The_Great_Derangement_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summary_of_Amitav_Ghosh's_The_Great_Derangement-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This disaster were accompanied with <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#Earthquakes" title="List of earthquakes in India">Mumbai earthquake</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Earthquake_Hazard,_Risk_and_Disasters;_1618_earthquake_and_cyclone_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earthquake_Hazard,_Risk_and_Disasters;_1618_earthquake_and_cyclone-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which resulted in 2,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Philosophy_of_the_Weather_And_a_Guide_to_Its_Changes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Philosophy_of_the_Weather_And_a_Guide_to_Its_Changes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Annals_of_Science_Being_a_Record_of_Inventions_and_Improvements_in_Applied_Science_·_Volumes_1-2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Annals_of_Science_Being_a_Record_of_Inventions_and_Improvements_in_Applied_Science_·_Volumes_1-2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>10 November 1681 – A tropical cyclone affected <a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam">Nagapattinam</a> and many small vessels were lost. 14,000 people died in the storm.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1688 – A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>September 1698 – A tropical cyclone struck Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1699 – A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans, killing 60,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-imj_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="18th_century">18th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>18 April 1700 – A tropical cyclone made landfall in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, sinking vessels near the coast. One ship bound for <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> was driven ashore.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>30 November 1702 – A tropical cyclone struck Bombay and destroyed all the small boats of the island, and the mango, jack and palm trees were blown down. The wind destroyed almost the whole produce of the island and wrecked the greater part of the shipping. The cyclone was preceded with a plague outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 1706 – A tropical cyclone made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, killing many people in Kottapalam and the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18 December 1709 – A tropical cyclone struck <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. A large wave caused coastal inundation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>13–14 November 1721 – A tropical cyclone impacted Madras.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>7–12 October 1737 – <a href="/wiki/1737_Calcutta_cyclone" title="1737 Calcutta cyclone">A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal</a> and killed 3,000–300,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyclone_Risk_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyclone_Risk-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>9 November 1740 - A tropical cyclone impacted Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>11 September 1742 – A tropical cyclone struck Bombay forcing all the ships at harbour from their anchors. Royal ships called <i>Somerset</i> and <i>Salisbury</i>, were damaged in the tempest. The storm bought great devastation and was described as "The Records state that the gale was so excessive, 'as has not been exceeded in the memory of any one now on the spot<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Jun_3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun_3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2 October 1747 – A tropical cyclone crossed the coast near <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>31 October 1752 – A strong tropical cyclone affected Chennai and caused heavy rain lasting several days.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1760 – A tropical cyclone struck <a href="/wiki/Khulna" title="Khulna">Khulna</a>, devastating the coasts of western Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>30 December 1760 – A tropical cyclone struck <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a>, killing somewhere between 200–11,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>7 March 1762 – A tropical cyclone struck Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1763 – A tropical cyclone struck <a href="/wiki/Noakhali" class="mw-redirect" title="Noakhali">Noakhali</a>, washing away people, houses, and cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>21 October 1763 – A tropical cyclone crossed the coast near <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1765 – A tropical cyclone devastated coastal Chittagong.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1767 - A tropical cyclone moved ashore modern-day Bangladesh near Bakerganj.<sup id="cite_ref-imj_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 30,000 people died in the storm.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1776 – A tropical cyclone affected Chittagong.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>13 October 1779 – A tropical cyclone struck <a href="/wiki/Masulipatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Masulipatam">Masulipatam</a> and killed 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>20 May 1787 – A tropical cyclone struck Coringa (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kakinada" title="Kakinada">Kakinada</a>) and killed 20,000. Coastal inundation was worsened by <a href="/wiki/Tidal_flooding" title="Tidal flooding">tidal flooding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 1789 – A tropical cyclone impacted Coringa, India and killed 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1789 – A tropical cyclone affected Bangladesh, killing 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 1799 – A tropical cyclone passed over Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_19th_century">Early 19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1807 – A tropical cyclone impacted West Bengal and killed 90,000 people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1822 - A cyclone struck Bangladesh and killed 40,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-haz_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1831 – An intense tropical cyclone impacted Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-Orissa_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orissa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 31, 1831 - A severe cyclonic storm moved ashore Barisal in Bangladesh with a storm surge of 2.12 m (7.0 ft), killing 22,000 people and over 50,000 cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-imj_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1833 – A tropical cyclone impacted West Bengal and killed around 50,000 people, with a record low of 891 millibars in North Indian Ocean, lowest over Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>15 June 1837 - A cyclone struck Mumbai that destroyed 400 houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun_3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun_3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1847 – A tropical cyclone impacted Bengal where it caused 75,000 human deaths and killed 6000 cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-disasterorissa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disasterorissa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-imj_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1854 - A tropical cyclone struck Bombay causing considerable damage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1839_India_cyclone">1839 India cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1839 India cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1839_Coringa_cyclone" title="1839 Coringa cyclone">1839 Coringa cyclone</a></div> <p>A tropical cyclone impacted <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, India, on 25 November 1839 and killed around 300,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_19th_century">Late 19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1864_Calcutta_cyclone">1864 Calcutta cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1864 Calcutta cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1864_Calcutta_cyclone" title="1864 Calcutta cyclone">1864 Calcutta cyclone</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG/220px-1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG/330px-1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG/440px-1864_Calcutta_Cyclone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>The 1864 Calcutta cyclone</figcaption></figure> <p>On 5 October a powerful cyclone hit near Calcutta, India, killing around 300,100 people.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anemometer in the city was blown away during the cyclone. Over 100 brick homes and tens of thousands of tiled and straw huts were leveled. Most ships in the harbor (172 out of 195) were either damaged or destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Calc_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cyclone of 1864 destroyed the ports at <a href="/wiki/Khejuri_II_(community_development_block)#Khejuri_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Khejuri II (community development block)">Khejuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hijli_Kingdom" title="Hijli Kingdom">Hijli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cyclone_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclone-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_1867_Great_Calcutta_cyclone">November 1867 Great Calcutta cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: November 1867 Great Calcutta cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anemometer in the city was blown away during the cyclone. A lack of storm surge minimized the overall damage from this system.<sup id="cite_ref-Calc_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_1874_Bengal_cyclone">October 1874 Bengal cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: October 1874 Bengal cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This severe cyclone killed 80,000 people and caused significant damage.<sup id="cite_ref-disasterorissa_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disasterorissa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_1876_Backerganj_cyclone">October 1876 Backerganj cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: October 1876 Backerganj cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1876_Bengal_cyclone" title="1876 Bengal cyclone">1876 Bengal cyclone</a></div> <p>On 31 October a cyclone hit the <a href="/wiki/Meghna_River" title="Meghna River">Meghna River Delta</a> area of India. The storm surge killed 100,000, and the disease after the storm killed another 100,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1877_season">1877 season</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1877 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/220px-1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/330px-1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/440px-1877_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Season summary</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1878_season">1878 season</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1878 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/220px-1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/330px-1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/440px-1878_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Season summary</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1879_season">1879 season</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1879 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/220px-1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/330px-1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/440px-1879_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Season summary</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1880_season">1880 season</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1880 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/220px-1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/330px-1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png/440px-1880_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season_summary.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Season summary</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_1885_Aden_cyclone">June 1885 Aden cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: June 1885 Aden cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cyclone had formed near the <a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Islands" title="Laccadive Islands">Laccadive Islands</a> on 24 May 555 kilometres (345 mi) west of southern India. The SS <i>Mergui</i> encountered the cyclone off the Horn of Africa, 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a> on 1 June and reported it stronger than the tropical cyclone which struck Calcutta in 1864. Just before midnight on the night of 1 June the <i>Diomed</i> reported winds of hurricane force and a pressure of 984 millibars (29.1 inHg). The ship <i>Peshawar</i> reported a westerly hurricane at the east end of the Gulf of Aden towards midnight on the night of 2 June. At noon on 3 June the <i>Tantallon</i> reported a pressure of 943 millibars (27.8 inHg) near 12.5N 45.5E. On 3 June the German <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvette</a> <i>Augusta</i>, the French dispatch boat <i>Renard</i>, and the British ship SS <i>Speke Hall</i> were lost in the storm in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>. The system continued westward and shrank in as it moved into the entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, crossing the coast of <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>. It became the first north Indian ocean tropical cyclone in history to transit the Gulf of Aden with full hurricane intensity and held the record of westernmost landfalling North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone ever.<sup id="cite_ref-OmanTC_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OmanTC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1885_Odisha_cyclone">1885 Odisha cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1885 Odisha cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An intense cyclone struck Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-Orissa_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orissa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It killed one person. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1888_Gujarat_cyclone">1888 Gujarat cyclone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1888 Gujarat cyclone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1888_Arabian_Sea_cyclone" title="1888 Arabian Sea cyclone">1888 Arabian Sea cyclone</a></div> <p>In November a cyclonic storm with hurricane-force winds struck Gujarat causing a ship <a href="/wiki/SS_Vaitarna" title="SS Vaitarna">SS <i>Vaitarna</i></a> to loss at sea, presumably sunk, killing more than 740 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Ved_2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ved_2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vashi_2010_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vashi_2010-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sandesh_Guj2012_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandesh_Guj2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ramavat_2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramavat_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jrs_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jrs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pathak_2012_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pathak_2012-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/32px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/48px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/64px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2004" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Tropical cyclones portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tropical_cyclones_in_Pakistan" title="List of tropical cyclones in Pakistan">List of tropical cyclones in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones_in_India" title="Tropical cyclones in India">Tropical cyclones in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_region_cyclones_before_1900" title="List of Australian region cyclones before 1900">List of Australian region cyclones before 1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-1900_South_Pacific_cyclone_seasons" title="Pre-1900 South Pacific cyclone seasons">Pre-1900 South Pacific cyclone seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South-West_Indian_Ocean_cyclones_before_1900" title="List of South-West Indian Ocean cyclones before 1900">List of South-West Indian Ocean cyclones before 1900</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262573889">"A new Catalogue of Tropical Cyclones"</a>. <i>Researchgate.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researchgate.net&rft.atitle=A+new+Catalogue+of+Tropical+Cyclones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F262573889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brilliantmaps.com/rams-bridge/">"Rama's Bridge Between India and Sri Lanka Before 1480 – Brilliant Maps"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rama%27s+Bridge+Between+India+and+Sri+Lanka+Before+1480+%E2%80%93+Brilliant+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrilliantmaps.com%2Frams-bridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imj-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imj_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imj_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imj_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imj_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imj_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrin_HossainAshekur_Rahman_Mullick2020" class="citation journal cs1">Irin Hossain; Ashekur Rahman Mullick (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344321172">"Cyclone and Bangladesh: A Historical and Environmental Overview from 1582 to 2020"</a>. <i>International Medical Journal</i>. <b>25</b> (6)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Cyclone+and+Bangladesh%3A+A+Historical+and+Environmental+Overview+from+1582+to+2020&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2020-09&rft.au=Irin+Hossain&rft.au=Ashekur+Rahman+Mullick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F344321172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/963620/the-bay-was-strewn-with-shipwrecks-a-short-history-of-mumbai-storms-in-the-18th-19th-centuries">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The bay was strewn with shipwrecks': A short history of Mumbai storms in the 18th, 19th centuries"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i>. 2 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=%27The+bay+was+strewn+with+shipwrecks%27%3A+A+short+history+of+Mumbai+storms+in+the+18th%2C+19th+centuries&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F963620%2Fthe-bay-was-strewn-with-shipwrecks-a-short-history-of-mumbai-storms-in-the-18th-19th-centuries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Summary_of_Amitav_Ghosh's_The_Great_Derangement-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Summary_of_Amitav_Ghosh's_The_Great_Derangement_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"27". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AcJ6EAAAQBAJ"><i>Summary of Amitav Ghosh's The Great Derangement</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=27&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Amitav+Ghosh%27s+The+Great+Derangement&rft.pub=Everest+Media+LLC&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft.isbn=9798822539822&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAcJ6EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earthquake_Hazard,_Risk_and_Disasters;_1618_earthquake_and_cyclone-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earthquake_Hazard,_Risk_and_Disasters;_1618_earthquake_and_cyclone_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsevier_Science2013" class="citation book cs1">Elsevier Science (September 15, 2013). F. Shroder Jr, J.; Sorkhabi, Rasoul (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CbBUb792VfUC"><i>Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disasters</i></a>. 9780123964724. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780123964724" title="Special:BookSources/9780123964724"><bdi>9780123964724</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>cyclones as earthquakes, as has occurred in Mumbai in 1618 and Kolkata in 1737 (Bilham, 1994; Bilham and Gaur, 2013).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Hazard%2C+Risk+and+Disasters&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=9780123964724&rft.date=2013-09-15&rft.isbn=9780123964724&rft.au=Elsevier+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCbBUb792VfUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Philosophy_of_the_Weather_And_a_Guide_to_Its_Changes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Philosophy_of_the_Weather_And_a_Guide_to_Its_Changes_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Belden_Butler1856" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Belden_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Belden Butler">Thomas Belden Butler</a> (1856). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandesh+Gujarati+Newspaper&rft.atitle=%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B+%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7+%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82+%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80+%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80+%27%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%27%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80+%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80+%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%80%21&rft.date=2012-04-03&rft.aulast=Khambhayata&rft.aufirst=Lalit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsandesh.com%2Fprintarticle.aspx%3Fnewsid%3D48093%26lang%3DRead%2520in%2520English&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramavat_2013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramavat_2013_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamavat2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ramavat, Shishir (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sandesh.com/printarticle.aspx?newsid=2883270&lang=Read%20in%20English">"ટેક ઓફ : હાજી કાસમ તારી વીજળી વેરણ થઈ"</a>. <i>Sandesh (Ardhsaptahik)</i> (in Gujarati)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandesh+%28Ardhsaptahik%29&rft.atitle=%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95+%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%AB+%3A+%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80+%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE+%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80+%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%80+%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A3+%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%88&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=Ramavat&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsandesh.com%2Fprintarticle.aspx%3Fnewsid%3D2883270%26lang%3DRead%2520in%2520English&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jrs-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jrs_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hujWAAAAIAAJ"><i>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society</i></a>. Edward Stanford. 1892. p. 228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Edward+Stanford&rft.date=1892&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhujWAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pathak_2012-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pathak_2012_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPathak2012" class="citation web cs1">Pathak, Maulik (2012-08-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3mABRLqNEbR6W4rviG8a3M/Old-man-and-the-sea.html">"Old man and the sea"</a>. <i>livemint.com/</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livemint.com%2F&rft.atitle=Old+man+and+the+sea&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft.aulast=Pathak&rft.aufirst=Maulik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FLeisure%2F3mABRLqNEbR6W4rviG8a3M%2FOld-man-and-the-sea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A 2014 study<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considers this reported round figure to be unrealistic.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4NArAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA866">"Cyclone, Hurricane, White squall, Typhoon."</a>. <i>The Cyclopaedia of Indian And Of Eastern And Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific, 3rd Edition</i>. Vol. I. London: Bernard Quaritch. 1885. pp. 866–868<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cyclone%2C+Hurricane%2C+White+squall%2C+Typhoon.&rft.btitle=The+Cyclopaedia+of+Indian+And+Of+Eastern+And+Southern+Asia%3A+Commercial%2C+Industrial%2C+and+Scientific%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pages=866-868&rft.pub=Bernard+Quaritch&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4NArAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-1890+North+Indian+Ocean+cyclone+seasons" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-1890_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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storms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1737_Calcutta_Cyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="1737 Calcutta Cyclone">Calcutta (1737)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_Coringa_cyclone" title="1839 Coringa cyclone">Coringa (1839)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Bengal_cyclone" title="1876 Bengal cyclone">Great Backerganj (1876)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_Odisha_cyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="1885 Odisha cyclone">Odisha (1885)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Rameswaram_cyclone" title="1964 Rameswaram cyclone">Rameswaram (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Andhra_Pradesh_cyclone" title="1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone">Andhra Pradesh (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season" title="1978 North Indian Ocean cyclone season">Unnamed (1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Gay" title="Typhoon Gay">Gay (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Andhra_Pradesh_cyclone" title="1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone">Andhra Pradesh (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladesh_cyclone" title="1991 Bangladesh cyclone">Bangladesh (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Odisha_cyclone" title="1999 Odisha cyclone">Odisha (1999)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Gonu" title="Cyclone Gonu">Gonu (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Kyarr" title="Cyclone Kyarr">Kyarr (2019)</a></li> <li><a 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