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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nell'Impero_Romano_d'Oriente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nell'Impero_Romano_d'Oriente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nell'Impero Romano d'Oriente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nell'Impero_Romano_d'Oriente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Disponibile in 41 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="باسيليوس - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باسيليوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilevs" title="Basilevs - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Basilevs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Басилевс - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Басилевс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Василевс - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Василевс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileu" title="Basileu - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Basileu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%82" title="Βασιλεύς - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασιλεύς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileos" title="Basileos - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Basileos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="باسیلیوس (عنوان) - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باسیلیوس (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baszileusz" title="Baszileusz - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baszileusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC%D6%87%D5%BD" title="Բասիլևս - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բասիլևս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="バシレウス - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バシレウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Басилей - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Басилей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%A4%EB%A0%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="바실레우스 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바실레우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilejs" title="Basilejs - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Basilejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Василевс - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Василевс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus_(staro%C5%BCytna_Grecja)" title="Basileus (starożytna Grecja) - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Basileus (starożytna Grecja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Басилевс - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Басилевс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Василевс - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Василевс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பசிலெயசு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பசிலெயசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="บาซิเลวส์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บาซิเลวส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Басилевс - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Басилевс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basi%C5%82eus" title="Basiłeus - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Basiłeus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Basileus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%90%89%E6%96%AF" title="巴西琉斯 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴西琉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q754188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_moderna" title="Lingua greca moderna">greco</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="el">Βασιλεύς</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Greco_moderno" title="Aiuto:Greco moderno">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Basilèus</i>, pronuncia moderna <i>Vasilèfs</i>), italianizzato in <b>Basileo</b>, è un titolo che indica un sovrano di rango regale o imperiale, tradotto come "<a href="/wiki/Imperatore" title="Imperatore">imperatore</a>" o "<a href="/wiki/Re" title="Re">re</a>" o "<a href="/wiki/Re_dei_Re" class="mw-redirect" title="Re dei Re">re dei re</a>". L'uso più significativo di questo titolo si ebbe per i <a href="/wiki/Imperatori_bizantini" title="Imperatori bizantini">sovrani dell'Impero romano d'Oriente</a> o Impero bizantino. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine_della_parola">Origine della parola</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Origine della parola" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Origine della parola"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo una discussa etimologia<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deriva dall'egizio <i>paser</i>/<i>pasir</i>, in origine designante il <i><a href="/wiki/Visir" title="Visir">visìr</a></i>, ovvero il comandante di truppe. </p><p>Secondo il <i><a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_greco-italiano" title="Vocabolario greco-italiano">Vocabolario greco-italiano</a></i> del <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Rocci" title="Lorenzo Rocci">Rocci</a> l'etimologia è incerta e deriverebbe dalla <a href="/wiki/Radice_(linguistica)" title="Radice (linguistica)">radice</a> <i>ba</i>, comune a <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">βάσις</span> <i>bàsis</i> (pietra), <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">βαίνω</span> <i>bàino</i> (salire), <i>bas</i> o <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">bò-skω</span> (condurre al pascolo), per indicare il «duce, base, guida, capo, pastore del popolo; ovvero chi è fatto salire su pietra o rialzo per essere proclamato». Quest'ultima accezione si applica anche alle altre etimologie, ad esempio quella di primo nel suo <a href="/wiki/Genere_(linguistica)" title="Genere (linguistica)">genere</a>, in uso nel <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Testamento" title="Nuovo Testamento">Nuovo Testamento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Re_dei_re" title="Re dei re">Re dei re</a>), così come fra i re orientali<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, in relazione al loro animale sacro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nel_mondo_antico">Nel mondo antico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Nel mondo antico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nel mondo antico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La possibile <a href="/wiki/Lingue_camitiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingue camitiche">radice camitica</a> è fondata sulla circostanza che la parola originaria di <a href="/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia">lingua egizia</a> potrebbe essere pronunciata con un suono vicino a <i>vasir</i> / <i>v'sir</i> od anche <i>basir</i> / <i>b'sir</i> e, pertanto, è considerata affine al sostantivo greco; tuttavia in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_micenea" title="Lingua micenea">lingua micenea</a> il termine usato era <i>qa.si.re.u</i>. </p><p>Nell'età più antica, il termine <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">βασιλεύς</span> rappresenta il <a href="/wiki/Re" title="Re">re</a> nella società omerica, che generalmente fa parte di un'oligarchia di pari ed ha compiti più che altro militari (è questo probabilmente il significato del termine nei <a href="/wiki/Omero" title="Omero">poemi omerici</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – oligarchia che non escludeva l'esistenza di un <i><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter pares</a></i> –, a differenza dell'<span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">ἄναξ</span> (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_micenea" title="Lingua micenea">miceneo</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Wanax" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanax">wanax</a></i>), il re assoluto, con caratteri sacrali (in <a href="/wiki/Omero" title="Omero">Omero</a> il dio è sempre <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">ἄναξ</span>, mai <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">βασιλεύς</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), come ad esempio <a href="/wiki/Minosse" title="Minosse">Minosse</a>. Successivamente, il termine indicherà genericamente un re. Nella Grecia antica (ad esempio ad Atene, dove esisteva la funzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Arconte" title="Arconte">arconte</a> - basileus) indicava anche una sorta di <a href="/wiki/Re-sacerdote" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-sacerdote">re-sacerdote</a> o un <a href="/wiki/Magistrato" title="Magistrato">magistrato</a> che si occupava di funzioni religiose. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> ricevette l'appellativo di <i>Basilissa ton Basileion</i> e <i>Basilissa ton Basilisson</i> (ovvero "Regina dei Re" e "Regina delle Regine"). In seguito fu usato dai <a href="/wiki/Re_di_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Re di Persia">re persiani</a> con una connotazione analoga a quella di <a href="/wiki/Tiranno" title="Tiranno">tiranno</a>, per tradurre l'espressione <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A0" title="Scià">shahanshah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Re_dei_Re" class="mw-redirect" title="Re dei Re">Re dei Re</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nell'Impero_Romano_d'Oriente"><span id="Nell.27Impero_Romano_d.27Oriente"></span>Nell'Impero Romano d'Oriente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Nell'Impero Romano d'Oriente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nell'Impero Romano d'Oriente"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine <i>basileus</i> sostituì, assieme a <i>Káisar Augustos</i> il precedente titolo in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">lingua latina</a> di <i><a href="/wiki/Augusto_(titolo)" title="Augusto (titolo)">Augustus</a> </i>(nonché quelli di <i><a href="/wiki/Cesare_(titolo)" title="Cesare (titolo)">Caesar</a></i> e <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">imperator</a></i>), usati dai <a href="/wiki/Roma_antica" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma antica">romani</a>; i <a href="/wiki/Impero_bizantino" title="Impero bizantino">bizantini</a> iniziarono ad usarlo dalla prima metà <a href="/wiki/VII_secolo" title="VII secolo">VII secolo</a>, e venne introdotto dall'<a href="/wiki/Imperatori_bizantini" title="Imperatori bizantini">imperatore</a> <a href="/wiki/Eraclio_I" title="Eraclio I">Eraclio I</a> (<a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>-<a href="/wiki/641" title="641">641</a>) dopo che questi sconfisse i <a href="/wiki/Persiani" title="Persiani">persiani</a>. Il titolo, per esteso, dovrebbe correttamente essere indicato come <i>Basileús ton romaíon</i> (<span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ῥωμαίων</span>), equivalente a "Imperatore dei Romani" (o <a href="/wiki/Romei" title="Romei">romei</a>, in questo caso i <a href="/wiki/Impero_romano" title="Impero romano">romani</a> di lingua greca); "imperatore" era tradotto anche come "autocrátor", cioè <a href="/wiki/Autocrazia" title="Autocrazia">autocrate</a> ("colui che governa da solo"). I bizantini usarono questo titolo fino alla <a href="/wiki/Caduta_di_Costantinopoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Caduta di Costantinopoli">caduta di Costantinopoli</a> in mano ottomana - avvenuta nel <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> - e l'ultimo che portò il titolo di <i>basileus</i> fu <a href="/wiki/Costantino_XI_Paleologo" title="Costantino XI Paleologo">Costantino XI Paleologo</a> (<a href="/wiki/1449" title="1449">1449</a>-<a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>). </p><p>Esisteva anche il femminile di <i>basileus</i>, che era <i>Basìlissa ton romaíon (</i><span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">Βασίλισσα τῶν Ῥωμαίων</span><i>)</i><span>, equivalente a "Imperatrice dei Romani",</span> titolo di tutte le Imperatrici d'Oriente: rivestito per esempio dall'Imperatrice <a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porfirogenita" title="Zoe Porfirogenita">Zoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teodora_Porfirogenita" title="Teodora Porfirogenita">Teodora Porfirogenita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eudocia_Macrembolitissa" title="Eudocia Macrembolitissa">Eudocia Macrembolitissa</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Irene_d%27Atene" title="Irene d'Atene">Irene l'Ateniana</a> (l'unica vera imperatrice regnante di Bisanzio), dall'imperatrice reggente <a href="/wiki/Teodora_Armena" title="Teodora Armena">Teodora Armena</a> e sua figlia <a href="/wiki/Tecla_(figlia_di_Teofilo)" title="Tecla (figlia di Teofilo)">Tecla</a> o da <a href="/wiki/Teodora_(moglie_di_Giustiniano)" title="Teodora (moglie di Giustiniano)">Teodora</a> (che fu imperatrice co-regnante, moglie di <a href="/wiki/Giustiniano_I" title="Giustiniano I">Giustiniano I</a>), equivalente al latino "<a href="/wiki/Augusta_(titolo)" title="Augusta (titolo)">Augusta</a>". Fu il titolo ufficiale di ogni imperatore bizantino, di cui accompagnava il nome nelle scritture e nelle iscrizioni contenenti diversi e variabili attributi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Martin Bernal, <i>Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization,</i> Volume III: <i>The Linguistic Evidence</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Rocci" title="Lorenzo Rocci">Lorenzo Rocci</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_greco-italiano" title="Vocabolario greco-italiano">Vocabolario greco-italiano</a></i>, società editrice "Dante Alighieri", 1993, p. 344, 37ª edizione.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Alfonso Mele, <i>Elementi formativi degli </i>ethne<i> greci e assetti politico-sociali</i>, in <i>Storia e civiltà dei Greci</i>, vol. 1, <i>Origini e sviluppo della città. Il medioevo greco</i>, Bompiani, <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milano</a> 1979 (ristampa nei "Tascabili", 2000), pp. 49-50 e 60-63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Mele, <i>ibid</i>, p.60</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Diehl" title="Charles Diehl">Charles Diehl</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">La civiltà bizantina</span>, Garzanti, 1962, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/801176693">801176693</a>.</cite></li> <li>Alain Ducellier, <i>Bisanzio</i>, Michel Kaplan, 2005.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperatori_bizantini" title="Imperatori bizantini">Imperatori bizantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impero_bizantino" title="Impero bizantino">Impero bizantino</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/it:%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:it:βασιλεύς">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/it:%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:it:βασιλεύς">βασιλεύς</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/basileus"><span style="font-style:italic;">basileus</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754188#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/basileus_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">basileus</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754188#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Titoli,_onorificenze_e_cariche_dell%27Impero_Bizantino" title="Template:Titoli, onorificenze e cariche dell'Impero Bizantino"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Titoli,_onorificenze_e_cariche_dell%27Impero_Bizantino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Titoli, onorificenze e cariche dell'Impero Bizantino (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Titoli,_onorificenze_e_cariche_dell%27Impero_Bizantino&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Burocrazia_e_aristocrazia_bizantine" title="Burocrazia e aristocrazia bizantine"><span style="color:#FFA257">Titoli, onorificenze e cariche dell'Impero bizantino</span></a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFDEAD">Titoli imperiali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="background:#FFDEAD">Titoli degli Imperatori</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Autokrator" title="Autokrator">Autokrator</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Basileus</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Porphyrogenn%C4%93tos" title="Porphyrogennētos">Porphyrogennētos</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="background:#FFDEAD">Titoli dei membri della<br />famiglia imperiale</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Despota_(bizantino)" class="mw-redirect" title="Despota (bizantino)">Despotēs</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cesare_(titolo)" title="Cesare (titolo)">Kaisar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Curopalate" title="Curopalate">Kouropalatēs</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/N%C5%8Dbelissimos" title="Nōbelissimos">Nōbelissimos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oikeios" title="Oikeios">Oikeios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sebastohypertatos" title="Sebastohypertatos">Sebastohypertatos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sebastocratore" title="Sebastocratore">Sebastokratōr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">Sebastos</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFDEAD">Titoli onorifici di corte</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="background:#FFDEAD">Titoli maschili</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Anthypatos" title="Anthypatos">Anthypatos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikos_mandat%C5%8Dr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilikos mandatōr (la pagina non esiste)">Basilikos mandatōr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dishypatos" title="Dishypatos">Dishypatos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ipato" title="Ipato">Hypatos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandidatos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandidatos (la pagina non esiste)">Kandidatos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Magistros" title="Magistros">Magistros</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Patrikios" title="Patrikios">Patrikios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Proedro_(impero_bizantino)" title="Proedro (impero bizantino)">Proedros</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Protoierakarios" title="Protoierakarios">Protoierakarios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Protokynegos" title="Protokynegos">Protokynegos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Protospatario" title="Protospatario">Prōtospatharios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Silenziario" title="Silenziario">Silentiarios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spatharios" title="Spatharios">Spatharios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spatharokandidatos" title="Spatharokandidatos">Spatharokandidatos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strat%C4%93lat%C4%93s" title="Stratēlatēs">Stratēlatēs</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strat%C5%8Dr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratōr (la pagina non esiste)">Stratōr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vestarches" title="Vestarches">Vestarches</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vestes" title="Vestes">Vestes</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest%C4%93t%C5%8Dr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestētōr (la pagina non esiste)">Vestētōr</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="background:#FFDEAD">Titoli per eunuchi</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Cubicolario" title="Cubicolario">Koubikoularios</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nipsistiarios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nipsistiarios (la pagina non esiste)">Nipsistiarios</a><b> ·</b> <a 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