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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Industrial Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_textile_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_textile_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decline of textile manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_textile_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Parliamentary representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Divisions_and_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_and_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Divisions and suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions_and_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2001" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2001</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2021</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway_and_Metrolink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_and_Metrolink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Railway and Metrolink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_and_Metrolink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Canals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Public services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rochdale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recedham" title="Recedham – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Recedham" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="روتشديل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روتشديل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="روچدیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روچدیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Рочдэйл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рочдэйл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Рочдейл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рочдейл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian)" title="Rochdale (kapital sa kondado sa Hiniusang Gingharian) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rochdale (kapital sa kondado sa Hiniusang Gingharian)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="روچدیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روچدیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%B9%98%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%BC" title="로치데일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로치데일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%8Ddeila" title="Ročdeila – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ročdeila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%8Ddeilis" title="Ročdeilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ročdeilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="روتشديل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روتشديل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Рочдэйл – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рочдэйл" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale_(plaats)" title="Rochdale (plaats) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rochdale (plaats)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ロッチデール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロッチデール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Рочдейл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рочдейл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BB" title="Рочдејл – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рочдејл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Рочдейл – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рочдейл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rochdale" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Рочдейл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рочдейл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%84" title="راچڈیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راچڈیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A5%87%E4%BB%A3%E7%88%BE" title="羅奇代爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅奇代爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rochdale&params=53.61_N_2.16_W_region:GB-RCH_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°37′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.61°N 2.16°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.61; -2.16</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Greater Manchester, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>Not to be confused with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochedale_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochedale (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">Rochedale</a>.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rochdale (disambiguation)">Rochdale (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Rochdale</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category">Town</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Hall_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Town_Hall_14.jpg/122px-Town_Hall_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Town_Hall_14.jpg/183px-Town_Hall_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Town_Hall_14.jpg/244px-Town_Hall_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Chad,_Rochdale_(9201062011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Chad%2C_Rochdale_%289201062011%29.jpg/122px-St_Chad%2C_Rochdale_%289201062011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Chad%2C_Rochdale_%289201062011%29.jpg/183px-St_Chad%2C_Rochdale_%289201062011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Chad%2C_Rochdale_%289201062011%29.jpg/244px-St_Chad%2C_Rochdale_%289201062011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg/156px-Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg/234px-Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg/312px-Rochdale_Municipal_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3920311.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milkstone_Mosque,_Rochdale_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Milkstone_Mosque%2C_Rochdale_%282%29.JPG/88px-Milkstone_Mosque%2C_Rochdale_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="88" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Milkstone_Mosque%2C_Rochdale_%282%29.JPG/132px-Milkstone_Mosque%2C_Rochdale_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Milkstone_Mosque%2C_Rochdale_%282%29.JPG/176px-Milkstone_Mosque%2C_Rochdale_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png/248px-Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png" decoding="async" width="248" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png/372px-Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png/496px-Rochdale_town_centre_aerial_view.png 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="866" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Town_Hall" title="Rochdale Town Hall">Rochdale Town Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Chad%27s_Church,_Rochdale" title="St Chad's Church, Rochdale">St Chad's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_One_Riverside" title="Number One Riverside">Number One Riverside</a>, Milkstone Mosque and Rochdale Town Centre skyline</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rochdale is located in Greater Manchester"><img alt="Rochdale is located in Greater Manchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/240px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/360px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/480px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="993" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.684%;left:71.111%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rochdale"><img alt="Rochdale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Rochdale</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">22 sq mi (57 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">111,261 <sup id="cite_ref-CP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,057/sq mi (1,953/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.613439~-2.163209&lvl=13&sp=Point.53.613439_-2.163209_Rochdale&sty=s&style=s">SD893130</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">222 mi (357 km) <a href="/wiki/Boxing_the_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxing the compass">SSE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ROCHDALE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OL_postcode_area" title="OL postcode area">OL11, OL12, OL16</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01706</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">North West</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochdale (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochdale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Heywood_and_Middleton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heywood and Middleton (UK Parliament constituency)">Heywood and Middleton</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places in Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rochdale&params=53.61_N_2.16_W_region:GB-RCH_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°37′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.61°N 2.16°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.61; -2.16</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rochdale</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROTCH</span>-dayl</i></a>) is a town in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, England, and the administrative centre of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom 2021 Census">2021 Census</a>, the town had a population of 111,261, compared to 223,773 for the wider borough.<sup id="cite_ref-CP_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rochdale is in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/South_Pennines" title="South Pennines">South Pennines</a> and lies in the <a href="/wiki/Dale_(landform)" title="Dale (landform)">dale</a> (valley) of the <a href="/wiki/River_Roch" title="River Roch">River Roch</a>, 5 miles (8 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a> and 10 miles (16 km) north-east of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>. </p><p>Rochdale's <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a> begins with an entry in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086 as <i>Recedham Manor</i>, but can be traced back to the 9th century. The <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(ancient_parish)" title="Rochdale (ancient parish)">ancient parish of Rochdale</a> was a division of the <a href="/wiki/Salford_Hundred" title="Salford Hundred">Salford Hundred</a> and one of the larger ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several <a href="/wiki/Township_(England)" title="Township (England)">townships</a>. By 1251, the town had become of such importance that it was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>. </p><p>The town became a centre of <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">northern England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Woollen" class="mw-redirect" title="Woollen">woollen</a> trade and, by the early 18th century, was described as being "remarkable for its many wealthy merchants."<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_Rochdale_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_Rochdale-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, it became a <a href="/wiki/Mill_town" title="Mill town">mill town</a> and centre for <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution">textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution</a>. The town was historically in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and was a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> within it before 1974. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is recorded as <i>Recedham</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> and <i>Rachetham</i> in 1193. Variations of <i>Rechedham</i> continue into the thirteenth century when the first element's termination is dropped as <i>Rachedam</i> became <i>Racheham</i>. This change was soon followed with the suffix <i>-ham</i> (homestead) changing to <i>-dale</i> (wide valley). </p><p><i>Rachdale</i> is recorded as a name for the town in 1242, but may have been used earlier as a name for the valley, <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Hundred</a> and Parish.<sup id="cite_ref-mills_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mills-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Domesday Book's rendering of the name led <a href="/wiki/Eilert_Ekwall" title="Eilert Ekwall">Eilert Ekwall</a> to suggest a derivation from <i>reced</i>, an obscure <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> element meaning "hall". </p><p>Although the name of the river is still pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span> (with a long vowel sound), Rochdale is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> (with a shorter <i>o</i> sound). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrow_Mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arrow_Mill.jpg/170px-Arrow_Mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arrow_Mill.jpg/255px-Arrow_Mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arrow_Mill.jpg/340px-Arrow_Mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Arrow Mill is a former <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton mill</a> and Grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> in Castleton</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman road</a>, leading from <a href="/wiki/Mamucium" title="Mamucium">Mamucium</a> (Manchester) to <a href="/wiki/Eboracum" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a> (<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>), crossed the moors at <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Edge" title="Blackstone Edge">Blackstone Edge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tde_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tde-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rochdale was subjected to incursions by the <a href="/wiki/Danes_(tribe)" title="Danes (tribe)">Danes</a>; the castle that <a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Castleton, Greater Manchester">Castleton</a> is named after, and of which no trace remains, was one of twelve Saxon forts possibly destroyed in frequent conflicts that occurred between the Saxons and Danes during the 10th and 11th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-tde_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tde-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>, the manor was held by a Saxon <a href="/wiki/Thegn" title="Thegn">thegn</a>, Gamel. Rochdale appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as <i>Recedham</i> and was described as lying within the hundred of Salford and the county of Cheshire. At that time, Rochdale was under the lordship of <a href="/wiki/Roger_the_Poitevin" title="Roger the Poitevin">Roger the Poitevin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1212, <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> granted the manor to <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Lacy_(1170%E2%80%931211)" title="Roger de Lacy (1170–1211)">Roger de Lacy</a>, whose family retained it as part of the <a href="/wiki/Honour_of_Clitheroe" title="Honour of Clitheroe">Honour of Clitheroe</a> until it passed to the Dukes of Lancaster by marriage and then to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> by 1399.<sup id="cite_ref-tde_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tde-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vch_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> times, weekly markets were held from 1250 when Edmund de Lacy obtained a grant for a market and an annual fair.<sup id="cite_ref-tde_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tde-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The market was held outside the parish church where there was an <i>Orator's Corner</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Byron,_1st_Baron_Byron" title="John Byron, 1st Baron Byron">John Byron</a> bought the manor in 1638 and it was sold by the poet, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, to the Deardens in 1823, who hold the title. Rochdale did not have a manor house but the <i>Orchard</i>, built in 1702 and acquired in 1745 by Simon Dearden, was the home of the lords of the manor after 1823. It was described as "a red-brick building of no architectural distinction, on the north side of the river opposite the town hall" and sometimes referred to as the <i>Manor House</i>. It was demolished in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_Revolution">Industrial Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Industrial Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rochdale is a product of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the manufacture of woollen cloth, particularly <a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">baize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kersey_(cloth)" title="Kersey (cloth)">kerseys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flannel" title="Flannel">flannels</a>, was locally important as far back as the 1500s. At that time, the textile industry was rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Putting_out_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Putting out system">domestic system</a> but, towards the end of the 18th century, mills powered by water started to appear. </p><p>Water power was replaced by steam power in the 19th century and local coal became important. The Deardens who were lords of the manor were among the local coal mine owners.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-1800s, the woollen trade was declining and the cotton trade was rapidly growing in importance. Cotton manufacturing took advantage of new technological developments in spinning and weaving.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1804, the <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Canal" title="Rochdale Canal">Rochdale Canal</a> opened, providing the first link over the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a> between Lancashire and Yorkshire.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century, Rochdale became one of the world's most prominent cotton processing towns rising to prominence and becoming a major centre for <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution">textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution</a>. It was a <a href="/wiki/Boomtown" title="Boomtown">boomtown</a> of the Industrial Revolution and was amongst the first ever <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialised</a> towns.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Arch_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Arch-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 19th century, Rochdale had woollen mills, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> manufacturers, <a href="/wiki/Bleach" title="Bleach">bleachers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyers</a>, though cotton spinning and weaving were the dominant industries in the community.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic">socioeconomic</a> change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">borough status</a> and it became an important regional town based upon this economic success.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Arch_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Arch-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Pioneers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochdale Pioneers">Rochdale Pioneers</a> opened the first <a href="/wiki/The_Co-operative_Group" title="The Co-operative Group">Co-operative shop</a> in Toad Lane in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-L4LRochdale_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L4LRochdale-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reformer and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bright" title="John Bright">John Bright</a> (1811–1889), was born in Rochdale and gained a reputation as a leader of political dissent and supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">Anti-Corn Law League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_textile_manufacturing">Decline of textile manufacturing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline of textile manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the middle of the 20th century, Rochdale's economy was in decline, reflecting the broader economic situation in other textile manufacturing towns in the <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a>. This decline was largely driven by the global availability of cheaper textile product offerings from abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Liverpool_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liverpool-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1950s and 1960s, Rochdale's lack of a diverse economic base became very apparent, with the closure of numerous textile manufacturing facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Textile manufacturing did remain a major contributor to the local economy, even into the 1970s. Regionally, numerous companies still have some connection to the textile industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Liverpool_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liverpool-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochdale_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/Rochdale_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/170px-Rochdale_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/Rochdale_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/255px-Rochdale_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2d/Rochdale_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of the former municipal borough, later the County Borough of Rochdale council, granted 20 February 1857. The arms incorporate references to Rochdale's early industries and lords.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Lying within the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county boundaries</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lancashire" title="History of Lancashire">since the early 12th century</a>, Rochdale was recorded in 1066 as held by Gamel, one of the twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Thegn" title="Thegn">thegns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Salford_(hundred)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford (hundred)">Hundred of Salfordshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient ecclesiastical <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(ancient_parish)" title="Rochdale (ancient parish)">parish of Rochdale</a> was divided into four townships: <a href="/wiki/Butterworth_(ancient_township)" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterworth (ancient township)">Butterworth</a>, Castleton, <a href="/wiki/Hundersfield" title="Hundersfield">Hundersfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spotland" title="Spotland">Spotland</a>. Hundersfield was later divided into four townships: Blatchinworth, <a href="/wiki/Calderbrook" title="Calderbrook">Calderbrook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wardleworth" title="Wardleworth">Wardleworth</a> and Wuerdle & Wardle. </p><p>Excluding the large <a href="/wiki/Chapelry" title="Chapelry">chapelry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saddleworth" title="Saddleworth">Saddleworth</a>, which lay entirely in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, the parish of Rochdale had an area of 65.4 square miles (169.4 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-vch_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1825, commissioners for the social and economic improvement of the town were established. The town became part of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary borough">parliamentary borough</a> in 1832. As there were no existing township boundaries, the commissioners and later the parliamentary constituency were deemed to cover a circular area extending three-quarters of a mile from the old market-place.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Poor_Law_Amendment_Act_1834" title="Poor Law Amendment Act 1834">Poor Law Amendment Act 1834</a>, the town became the head of Rochdale <a href="/wiki/Poor_Law_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor Law Union">Poor Law Union</a>, which was established on 15 February 1837, despite considerable local opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-Workhouse_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workhouse-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1856, Rochdale was incorporated as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a>, giving it <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status in the United Kingdom</a>, and it obtained the powers of the improvement commissioners after 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1872, the remaining area of Wardleworth township and parts of Castleton, Wuerdle and Wardle, Spotland and Butterworth townships were added to the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_counties_of_England" title="Administrative counties of England">administrative county</a> of Lancashire was created by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>, Rochdale was elevated to become the <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="County Borough of Rochdale">County Borough of Rochdale</a> and was, in modern terms, a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> area exempt from the administration of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Council" title="Lancashire County Council">Lancashire County Council</a>. In 1900, most of Castleton <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">Urban District</a> was added to the borough; this <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">urban district</a> included parts of Castleton, Hopwood and <a href="/wiki/Thornham,_Greater_Manchester" title="Thornham, Greater Manchester">Thornham</a> townships. In 1933, parts of Norden Urban District and Birtle with Bamford civil parish were added to the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, the town's autonomous <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> status was abolished. The municipal boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Middleton, Greater Manchester">Middleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milnrow" title="Milnrow">Milnrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wardle,_Greater_Manchester" title="Wardle, Greater Manchester">Wardle</a> urban districts are now part of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale</a>, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochdale (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochdale constituency</a> was created by the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Act of 1832</a>. The constituency was held for two decades during the 20th century by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Smith" title="Cyril Smith">Cyril Smith</a>, first of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> and then of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, the town was represented by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Danczuk" title="Simon Danczuk">Simon Danczuk</a>, who was elected as a Labour <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (UK)">MP</a> but was subsequently suspended and placed under investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Tony Lloyd</a> (Labour) was elected as MP for the Rochdale constituency in the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a> and represented the constituency until his death on 17 January 2024. The seat was subsequently won by <a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a>, leader and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Britain" title="Workers Party of Britain">Workers Party of Britain</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Rochdale_by-election" title="2024 Rochdale by-election">2024 Rochdale by-election</a> on 29 February; the campaign was dominated by opposition to British involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six months later, Galloway was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 election</a> by Labour's <a href="/wiki/Paul_Waugh" title="Paul Waugh">Paul Waugh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Geography of Greater Manchester">Geography of Greater Manchester</a></div> <p>Rochdale is approximately 450 feet (137 m) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, 10 miles (16 km) north-north-east of <a href="/wiki/Manchester_city_centre" title="Manchester city centre">Manchester city centre</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">valley</a> of the <a href="/wiki/River_Roch" title="River Roch">River Roch</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Edge" title="Blackstone Edge">Blackstone Edge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saddleworth_Moor" title="Saddleworth Moor">Saddleworth Moor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Pennines" title="South Pennines">South Pennines</a> are close to the east; on all other sides, Rochdale is bound by other towns including <a href="/wiki/Whitworth,_Lancashire" title="Whitworth, Lancashire">Whitworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milnrow" title="Milnrow">Milnrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royton" title="Royton">Royton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaw_and_Crompton" title="Shaw and Crompton">Shaw and Crompton</a>, with little or no <a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">green space</a> between them. </p><p>Rochdale's <a href="/wiki/Built_environment" title="Built environment">built environment</a> consists of a mixture of infrastructure, housing types and commercial buildings from a number of periods. Its housing stock is mixed, but has a significant amount of stone or red-brick <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraced houses</a> from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Town_Hall" title="Rochdale Town Hall">Rochdale's Town Hall</a>, seven large <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">tower blocks</a> (locally nicknamed <i>The Seven Sisters</i>) and a number of former <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton mills</a> mark the town's skyline. The <a href="/wiki/Urban_structure" title="Urban structure">urban structure</a> of Rochdale is regular when compared to most <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_England" title="List of towns in England">towns in England</a>; its form is restricted in places by its hilly upland terrain. </p><p>Much of Rochdale's <a href="/wiki/Built_environment" title="Built environment">built environment</a> is centred around a <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Town_centre" title="Town centre">town centre</a>, which is the local centre of both the town and borough. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbouring_towns,_villages_and_places45" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbouring_towns,_villages_and_places45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Neighbouring towns, villages and places</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norden,_Greater_Manchester" title="Norden, Greater Manchester">Norden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitworth,_Lancashire" title="Whitworth, Lancashire">Whitworth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Rochdale</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Milnrow" title="Milnrow">Milnrow</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Middleton, Greater Manchester">Middleton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royton" title="Royton">Royton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaw_and_Crompton" title="Shaw and Crompton">Shaw and Crompton</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>There are a mixture of high-density <a href="/wiki/Urban_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban areas">urban areas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a>, semi-rural and <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> locations in Rochdale, but overwhelmingly the <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> in the town is urban. </p><p>For purposes of the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>, the Borough of Rochdale forms the fifth largest settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Manchester Urban Area">Greater Manchester Urban Area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_conurbations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conurbations in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom's third largest conurbation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions_and_suburbs">Divisions and suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Divisions and suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Areas_and_suburbs_of_Rochdale33" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Areas_of_Rochdale" title="Template:Areas of Rochdale"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Areas_of_Rochdale" title="Template talk:Areas of Rochdale"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Areas_of_Rochdale" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Areas of Rochdale"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Areas_and_suburbs_of_Rochdale33" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Areas and suburbs of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rochdale</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ashworth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balderstone,_Greater_Manchester" title="Balderstone, Greater Manchester">Balderstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamford,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bamford, Greater Manchester">Bamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfield,_Greater_Manchester" title="Belfield, Greater Manchester">Belfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Buckley, Greater Manchester">Buckley</a></li> <li>Buersil</li> <li>Burnedge</li> <li>Caldershaw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Castleton, Greater Manchester">Castleton</a></li> <li>Cronkeyshaw</li> <li>Cutgate</li> <li>Deeplish</li> <li>Falinge</li> <li>Fieldhouse</li> <li>Foxholes</li> <li>Halfacre</li> <li>Hamer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healey,_Greater_Manchester" title="Healey, Greater Manchester">Healey</a></li> <li>Hurstead</li> <li>Kirkholt</li> <li>Lowerfold</li> <li>Lowerplace</li> <li>Marland</li> <li>Meanwood</li> <li>Newbold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nook_Farm,_Rochdale" title="Nook Farm, Rochdale">Nook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norden,_Greater_Manchester" title="Norden, Greater Manchester">Norden</a></li> <li>Oakenrod</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulder_Hill_Leadership_Academy" title="Oulder Hill Leadership Academy">Oulder Hill</a></li> <li>Passmonds</li> <li>Prickshaw</li> <li>Rooley Moor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawclough" title="Shawclough">Shawclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallbridge,_Greater_Manchester" title="Smallbridge, Greater Manchester">Smallbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithy_Bridge" title="Smithy Bridge">Smithy Bridge</a></li> <li>Sparth Bottom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotland" title="Spotland">Spotland</a></li> <li>Sudden</li> <li>Syke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornham,_Greater_Manchester" title="Thornham, Greater Manchester">Thornham</a></li> <li>Turf Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardleworth" title="Wardleworth">Wardleworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Ashworth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balderstone,_Greater_Manchester" title="Balderstone, Greater Manchester">Balderstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamford,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bamford, Greater Manchester">Bamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfield,_Greater_Manchester" title="Belfield, Greater Manchester">Belfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Buckley, Greater Manchester">Buckley</a></li> <li>Buersil</li> <li>Burnedge</li> <li>Caldershaw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Castleton, Greater Manchester">Castleton</a></li> <li>Cronkeyshaw</li> <li>Cutgate</li> <li>Deeplish</li> <li>Dernley</li> <li>Falinge</li> <li>Fieldhouse</li> <li>Firgrove</li> <li>Foxholes</li> <li>Halfacre</li> <li>Hamer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healey,_Greater_Manchester" title="Healey, Greater Manchester">Healey</a></li> <li>Hurstead</li> <li>Kingsway</li> <li>Kirkholt</li> <li>Littleborough</li> <li>Lowerfold</li> <li>Lowerplace</li> <li>Marland</li> <li>Meanwood</li> <li>Newbold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nook_Farm,_Rochdale" title="Nook Farm, Rochdale">Nook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norden,_Greater_Manchester" title="Norden, Greater Manchester">Norden</a></li> <li>Oakenrod</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulder_Hill_Leadership_Academy" title="Oulder Hill Leadership Academy">Oulder Hill</a></li> <li>Passmonds</li> <li>Prickshaw</li> <li>Rooley Moor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawclough" title="Shawclough">Shawclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallbridge,_Greater_Manchester" title="Smallbridge, Greater Manchester">Smallbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithy_Bridge" title="Smithy Bridge">Smithy Bridge</a></li> <li>Sparth Bottom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotland" title="Spotland">Spotland</a></li> <li>Sudden</li> <li>Syke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornham,_Greater_Manchester" title="Thornham, Greater Manchester">Thornham</a></li> <li>Turf Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardleworth" title="Wardleworth">Wardleworth</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like much of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, Rochdale experiences a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">maritime climate</a>, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Rochdale (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.2<br />(4.69) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.1<br />(3.82) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.7<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.9<br />(3.81) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.2<br />(3.94) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.8<br />(3.85) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.8<br />(4.60) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.5<br />(4.86) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.9<br />(5.47) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,197.2<br />(47.13) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.1 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.8 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.2 </td> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.6 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">170.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #3A3A3A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">32.2 </td> <td style="background: #636363; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.8 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.9 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.7 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.8 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.8 </td> <td style="background: #C5C504; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.5 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.3 </td> <td style="background: #8F8F8F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.7 </td> <td style="background: #4E4E4E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 </td> <td style="background: #4E4E4E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.7 </td> <td style="background: #B0B082; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,265.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-MetOffice_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MetOffice-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Demographics of Greater Manchester">Demographics of Greater Manchester</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001">2001</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2001"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001 UK census</a>, Rochdale had a population of 95,796. The population density was 11,186 inhabitants per square mile (4,319/km<sup>2</sup>), with a 100 to 94.4 female-to-male ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those over 16 years old, 28.2% were single (never married), 44.0% married and 8.8% divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rochdale's 37,730 households included 30.4% one-person, 36.6% married couples living together, 8.4% were <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">co-habiting</a> couples and 11.1% single parents with their children.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those aged 16–74, 37.1% had no <a href="/wiki/National_Qualifications_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="National Qualifications Framework">academic qualifications</a>, similar to the figure for all of Rochdale, but higher than that of 28.9% in all of England.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stockport_MB_stats_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stockport_MB_stats-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rochdale has the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Jobseeker%27s_Allowance" title="Jobseeker's Allowance">Jobseeker's Allowance</a> claimants in Greater Manchester, with 6.1 per cent of its adult population claiming the benefit in early 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rochdale ethnicity & religion 2001 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>2001 UK census</b></td> <td><b>Rochdale</b><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale Borough</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Rochdale_MB_stats_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rochdale_MB_stats-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>England</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total population</td> <td>95,796</td> <td>205,357</td> <td>49,138,831 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><i>Ethnicity</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>White</td> <td>78.7%</td> <td>88.6%</td> <td>91% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian</td> <td>19.9%</td> <td>9.8%</td> <td>4.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><i>Religion</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Christian</td> <td>62.7%</td> <td>72.1%</td> <td>71.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muslim</td> <td>19.1%</td> <td>9.4%</td> <td>3.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion</td> <td>7.8%</td> <td>7.7%</td> <td>10.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>No religion</td> <td>10.4%</td> <td>10.8%</td> <td>14.6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011">2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rochdale had a population of 107,926, which made it about the same size as <a href="/wiki/Salford" title="Salford">Salford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a>; this was an increase from 95,796 in 2001. It is one of four townships in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, along with <a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Middleton, Greater Manchester">Middleton</a>, Heywood and Pennine (a township which includes <a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wardle,_Greater_Manchester" title="Wardle, Greater Manchester">Wardle</a>). Rochdale is considered an Urban Subdivision by the local borough council. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rochdale ethnicity 2011<sup id="cite_ref-ukcensusdata.com_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukcensusdata.com-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rochdale compared 2011</th> <th>Rochdale</th> <th>Rochdale (Borough) </th></tr> <tr> <td>White British</td> <td>65.2%</td> <td>78.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian</td> <td>27.5%</td> <td>14.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>1.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>34.8% of Rochdale's population were non-White British, compared with 21.4% for the surrounding borough. Rochdale town also has almost double the percentage of Asians compared with the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, which had a population of 211,699 in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ukcensusdata.com_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukcensusdata.com-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that the town takes up almost 55% of the borough's population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of Rochdale's population was enumerated at 111,261; its ethnic makeup was 57.2% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>, 34.3% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a>, 2.6% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a>, 3.4% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a>, 2.1% Other and 0.5% <a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arab</a>. The town's religious makeup was 38% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the United Kingdom">Christian</a>, 36% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islam in the United Kingdom">Muslim</a>, 24.2% No Religion and has small <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hinduism in the United Kingdom">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">Jewish</a> communities.<sup id="cite_ref-CP_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 40% of children in the Rochdale borough are living in poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Monuments_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester">List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of public art in Greater Manchester">List of public art in Greater Manchester</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph,_Rochdale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph%2C_Rochdale.jpg/170px-Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph%2C_Rochdale.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph%2C_Rochdale.jpg/255px-Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph%2C_Rochdale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph%2C_Rochdale.jpg/340px-Town_Hall_and_Cenotaph%2C_Rochdale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1373" data-file-height="2091" /></a><figcaption>The Cenotaph stands before Rochdale Town Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed buildings</a> in the town: the Town Hall,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Cenotaph,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_in_the_Baum,_Rochdale" title="Church of St Mary in the Baum, Rochdale">Church of St Mary in the Baum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nhle-st-mary_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhle-st-mary-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_Church,_Rochdale" title="St Edmund's Church, Rochdale">St Edmund's Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhle-st-edmund_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhle-st-edmund-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Town_Hall" title="Rochdale Town Hall">Rochdale Town Hall</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> <a href="/wiki/Town_hall" title="Town hall">town hall</a> "widely recognised as being one of the finest municipal buildings in the country."<sup id="cite_ref-RMBC43_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMBC43-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the ceremonial headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council</a> and houses local government departments, including the borough's <a href="/wiki/Civil_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil registry">civil registration office</a>. </p><p>Built in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival style</a>, it was inaugurated on 27 September 1871. The architect, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Crossland" title="William Henry Crossland">William Henry Crossland</a>, won a competition held in 1864. The town hall had a 240-foot (73 m) <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a>, topped by a wooden spire with a gilded statue of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_and_the_Dragon" title="Saint George and the Dragon">Saint George and the Dragon</a>, which were destroyed by fire on 10 April 1883. A new 191-foot (58 m) stone clock tower and spire in the style of <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Town_Hall" title="Manchester Town Hall">Manchester Town Hall</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Waterhouse" title="Alfred Waterhouse">Alfred Waterhouse</a> and erected in 1888. Art critic <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Nikolaus Pevsner</a> described the building as possessing a "rare picturesque beauty."<sup id="cite_ref-Pevsner_59_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevsner_59-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows, some designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>, are credited as "the finest modern examples of their kind."<sup id="cite_ref-RMBC43_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMBC43-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Reference doesn't go anywhere (June 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> It has been described as one of the United Kingdom's finest examples of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic revival">Gothic revival</a> architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-NP_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building came to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, who was said to have admired it so much that he wished to ship the building, brick-by-brick, to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> had the United Kingdom been defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hit1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hit1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hit2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hit2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Cenotaph" title="Rochdale Cenotaph">Rochdale Cenotaph</a>, a war memorial bearing four sculpted and painted flags, is located opposite the town hall. It commemorates those who died in conflicts since the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. The monument and surrounding gardens were designed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edwin_Lutyens" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edwin Lutyens">Sir Edwin Lutyens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rochdale’s cenotaph is one of eight designed by Lutyens in England. The earliest to be erected was at <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Cenotaph" title="Southampton Cenotaph">Southampton</a> in 1920; the last at <a href="/wiki/Norwich_War_Memorial" title="Norwich War Memorial">Norwich</a> in 1927. The monument is made from Cornish granite and sits on the site of a building known as Manor House, which was used as a recruiting station during World War I. The cenotaph was built by Hobson Ltd of Nottingham at a cost of £12,611. It was unveiled by the Earl of Derby on 26 November 1922 and dedicated by the Archdeacon of Rochdale. It is about 10m tall and the top section is a <a href="/wiki/Catafalque" title="Catafalque">catafalque</a>, which includes a carving of a horizontal figure. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg/220px-Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg/330px-Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg/440px-Rochdale_Town_Hall_and_Gracie_Fields_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Dame Gracie Fields statue outside Rochdale Town Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Adjacent to the town hall is a statue of the late singer, comedian and actress <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Fields" title="Gracie Fields">Dame Gracie Fields</a>. The statue was unveiled by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hudd" title="Roy Hudd">Roy Hudd</a> on 18 September 2016. It was created by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Sean_Hedges-Quinn" title="Sean Hedges-Quinn">Sean Hedges-Quinn</a>, who based the statue on Fields' look during the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue was the first of a woman to be unveiled in Greater Manchester in more than 100 years<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was part of Rochdale Borough Council's wider regeneration of the town centre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg/220px-John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg/330px-John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg/440px-John_Bright_statue_in_Broadfield_Park_in_Rochdale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>The statue of John Bright MP in Broadfield Park</figcaption></figure> <p>In Broadfield Park in the town centre, there is a statue of <a href="/wiki/John_Bright" title="John Bright">John Bright</a> MP, a British <a href="/wiki/Radicals_(UK)" title="Radicals (UK)">Radical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> statesman, who is regarded as one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> policies. Bright was born in Rochdale; he became famous for his crusade to repeal Britain's <a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">corn laws</a> and his promotion of religious freedom and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reform</a>. </p><p>Worthy of note is a large industrial park, named the <a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Business_Park" title="Kingsway Business Park">Kingsway Business Park</a>, for which planning permission for its construction began in 2009. The complex covers an area of 420 acres (0.66 sq mi; 1.7 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a> in Rochdale is coordinated by <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Greater_Manchester" title="Transport for Greater Manchester">Transport for Greater Manchester</a> (TfGM), which owns the bus station and co-ordinates transport services in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway_and_Metrolink">Railway and Metrolink</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railway and Metrolink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg/220px-Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg/330px-Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg/440px-Rochdale_Railway_Station_Metrolink_stop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="1542" /></a><figcaption>The Metrolink stop at Rochdale railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Demand from the cross-Pennine trade to support local <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> industries led to the building of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Leeds_Railway" title="Manchester and Leeds Railway">Manchester and Leeds Railway</a>. It opened in 1839 from Manchester to Littleborough and from <a href="/wiki/Normanton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Normanton, West Yorkshire">Normanton</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hebden_Bridge" title="Hebden Bridge">Hebden Bridge</a> in 1840. The linking section opened on completion of the <a href="/wiki/Summit_Tunnel" title="Summit Tunnel">Summit Tunnel</a> in 1841. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_railway_station" title="Rochdale railway station">Rochdale railway station</a> is located about a mile south of the town centre. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Trains" title="Northern Trains">Northern Trains</a> operates services on the following routes:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">Leeds</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Victoria_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Victoria railway station">Manchester Victoria</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Halifax_railway_station_(England)" title="Halifax railway station (England)">Halifax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Interchange_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford Interchange railway station">Bradford Interchange</a>; alternate services extend to <a href="/wiki/Chester_railway_station" title="Chester railway station">Chester</a></li> <li>Leeds to <a href="/wiki/Wigan_Wallgate_railway_station" title="Wigan Wallgate railway station">Wigan Wallgate</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Dewsbury_railway_station" title="Dewsbury railway station">Dewsbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighouse_railway_station" title="Brighouse railway station">Brighouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salford_Central_railway_station" title="Salford Central railway station">Salford Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_railway_station" title="Blackburn railway station">Blackburn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Headbolt_Lane_railway_station" title="Headbolt Lane railway station">Headbolt Lane</a>, via Manchester Victoria, <a href="/wiki/Burnley_Manchester_Road_railway_station" title="Burnley Manchester Road railway station">Burnley Manchester Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accrington_railway_station" title="Accrington railway station">Accrington</a>.</li></ul> <p>The stopping service to Manchester Victoria on the <a href="/wiki/Oldham_Loop_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldham Loop line">Oldham Loop line</a> ended in October 2009, in preparation for conversion of the line to an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Metrolink</a> light rail system. It was deferred in 2004 on grounds of cost but, in July 2006, plans were approved for the extension from Manchester Victoria as far as Rochdale railway station; it opened on 28 February 2013, as the <i><a href="/wiki/Oldham_and_Rochdale_Line" title="Oldham and Rochdale Line">Oldham and Rochdale Line</a></i>. The extension to Rochdale town centre, via Drake Street and terminating opposite <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Interchange" title="Rochdale Interchange">Rochdale Interchange</a>, opened on 31 March 2014. </p><p>Metrolink services operate currently to <a href="/wiki/East_Didsbury_tram_stop" title="East Didsbury tram stop">East Didsbury tram stop</a>, via Manchester city centre, on the <i>Pink</i> line.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The borough's bus service was provided by a municipal operator, <i>Rochdale Corporation Transport</i>, which was merged into the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Passenger_Transport_Executive" title="Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive">SELNEC Passenger Transport Executive</a> in 1969. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Bus_deregulation_in_Great_Britain" title="Bus deregulation in Great Britain">deregulation of bus services across England</a> Rochdale was host to a number of bus operators. First Manchester (previously GM Buses North) established itself as the dominant company for interurban routes to destinations such as Manchester, Shaw, Oldham, Bury and Bolton. Rossendale Transport (Rebranded Rosso in 2013) owned by <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Rossendale" title="Borough of Rossendale">Rossendale Borough Council</a> between 1986 and 2017 untill being sold to <a href="/wiki/Transdev_Blazefield" title="Transdev Blazefield">Transdev</a> was the largest operator of local bus routes within Rochdale operating brands such as Rochdale Rovers, the 464 and Lakeline. </p><p>Rochdale's old bus station closed in November 2013 and was demolished in April 2014, along with the <a href="/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-storey car park">multi-storey car park</a> and municipal offices (known locally as <i>The Black Box</i>), to make way for the new Rochdale Riverside retail and leisure development.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its replacement, Rochdale Interchange, is located next to the council office and main library building <a href="/wiki/Number_One_Riverside" title="Number One Riverside">Number One Riverside</a> and is linked with <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Town_Centre_tram_stop" title="Rochdale Town Centre tram stop">Rochdale Town Centre tram stop</a>. </p><p>Since September 24th 2023 (Route 471) / March 24th 2024 (All Other Routes except 464/587/590) bus service in Rochdale has been provided by <a href="/wiki/Bee_Network" title="Bee Network">Bee Network</a> under the franchising system. As of 2025, Stagecoach Manchester operates the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_bus_route_409" title="Greater Manchester bus route 409">409</a> to Oldham/Ashton and the principal <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_bus_route_17" title="Greater Manchester bus route 17">17</a> which is the direct bus to Middleton/Manchester. <a href="/wiki/Go_North_West" title="Go North West">Go North West</a> operates the 471 to Bury/Rochdale while all other local Bee Network routes to destinations such as Bury/Littleborough are provided by <a href="/wiki/First_Greater_Manchester" title="First Greater Manchester">First Manchester</a> out of their Rochdale Depot. </p><p>Cross-county services are provided by Rosso to Rawtenstall and Accrington; First Halifax to Todmorden; Team Pennine to Halifax, via Ripponden; and National Express to London.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest routes around Rochdale were tracks and <a href="/wiki/Packhorse" title="Packhorse">packhorse</a> routes, with a paved track over Blackstone Edge into Yorkshire that had Roman origins.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As trade increased, the Blackstone Edge <a href="/wiki/Turnpike_trust" title="Turnpike trust">turnpike</a> road was built in 1735. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62 motorway</a> passes to the south of the town and is accessed via the <a href="/wiki/A627(M)_motorway" title="A627(M) motorway">A627(M)</a>, which starts at Sandbrook Park in Rochdale and runs to Elk Mill in <a href="/wiki/Chadderton" title="Chadderton">Chadderton</a>. The A627(M) also provides access to Oldham. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canals">Canals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Canals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea for the <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Canal" title="Rochdale Canal">Rochdale Canal</a> emerged in 1776, when <a href="/wiki/James_Brindley" title="James Brindley">James Brindley</a> was commissioned to survey possible routes between <a href="/wiki/Sowerby_Bridge" title="Sowerby Bridge">Sowerby Bridge</a> and Manchester. </p><p>However, it was not until 4 April 1794 that an Act of Parliament was obtained. The broad canal which linked the <a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Canal" title="Bridgewater Canal">Bridgewater Canal</a> in Manchester with the <a href="/wiki/Aire_and_Calder_Navigation" title="Aire and Calder Navigation">Aire and Calder Navigation</a> at Sowerby Bridge became a major artery of commerce between Lancashire and Yorkshire for cotton, wool, coal, limestone, timber and salt.<sup id="cite_ref-PW_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PW-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Canal" title="Rochdale Canal">Rochdale Canal</a> has the highest concentration of canal locks in the regional northern canal system; it houses 91 locks over 32 miles (51 km).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hollingworth_Lake" title="Hollingworth Lake">Hollingworth Lake</a> is part of the canal system. It was designed originally to regulate water levels and was part of the original engineering initiative. By the 1950s, the canal had fallen into general disuse and was abandoned in the 1960s, along with many other industrial areas that had supported traditional industries. The lower section from the Bridgewater Canal to the junction with the <a href="/wiki/Ashton_Canal" title="Ashton Canal">Ashton Canal</a> was restored as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Ring" title="Cheshire Ring">Cheshire Ring</a> in 1974. The rest of the canal was restored and reopened in 2003. Local activist groups have worked to further improve the canal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Rochdale" title="List of schools in Rochdale">List of schools in Rochdale</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hopwood_Hall_College" title="Hopwood Hall College">Hopwood Hall College</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> college with a campus in Rochdale. It offers vocational courses for school leavers and adult learners, with some <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Sixth_Form_College" title="Rochdale Sixth Form College">Rochdale Sixth Form College</a> opened in September 2010; it is the primary provider of <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">A-Level</a> courses in Rochdale and the wider metropolitan borough. Most secondary schools in the area no longer offer <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth form</a> courses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local news and television programmes are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Winter Hill transmitting station">Winter Hill</a> TV transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Manchester" title="BBC Radio Manchester">BBC Radio Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_North_West" title="Heart North West">Heart North West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_North_West" title="Smooth North West">Smooth North West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Manchester_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West">Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West</a>, <a href="/wiki/XS_Manchester" title="XS Manchester">XS Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Manchester_and_Lancashire" title="Capital Manchester and Lancashire">Capital Manchester and Lancashire</a> and Rochdale Valley, a community based radio station.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rochdale is served by a local newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Observer" title="Rochdale Observer">Rochdale Observer</a></i>, and by a regional newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of churches in Greater Manchester">List of churches in Greater Manchester</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/St_Chad%27s_Church,_Rochdale" title="St Chad's Church, Rochdale">St Chad's Church</a> is a grade II* listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the mother church of <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(ancient_parish)" title="Rochdale (ancient parish)">ancient parish of Rochdale</a> and was founded before 1170, possibly on an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> site. Much of the current building is the result of late <a href="/wiki/Victorian_restoration" title="Victorian restoration">Victorian restoration</a>. Other Anglican churches include the grade I listed <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_in_the_Baum,_Rochdale" title="Church of St Mary in the Baum, Rochdale">Church of St Mary in the Baum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhle-st-mary_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhle-st-mary-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Rochdale" title="St John the Baptist Church, Rochdale">St John the Baptist Catholic Church</a> was built in 1927 in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival style">Byzantine Revival style</a> and is a grade II* listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marland_Grange" title="Marland Grange">Marland Grange</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Cistercian_monks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian monks">Cistercian</a> grange of <a href="/wiki/Stanlow_Abbey" title="Stanlow Abbey">Stanlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_Cheshire" title="List of monastic houses in Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, then of <a href="/wiki/Whalley_Abbey" title="Whalley Abbey">Whalley</a>. The grange was founded before 1212. </p><p>Rochdale is home to 21 mosques of <a href="/wiki/Muslim_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim denominations">various denominations</a>. Rochdale Central Masjid [Idara] is the largest of Rochdale's mosques.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg/220px-Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg/330px-Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg/440px-Scout_Moor_towards_Rochdale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Scout Moor Wind Farm overlooking Rochdale</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> policing in Rochdale is provided by <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester Police</a> and the Rochdale Division has headquarters at Town Meadow, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court_(England_and_Wales)" title="Magistrates' court (England and Wales)">magistrates' court</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fire_service_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service in the United Kingdom">Statutory emergency fire and rescue services</a> are provided by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service</a>, which has fire stations in Rochdale, Littleborough and Heywood.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emergency healthcare is provided by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Care_Alliance_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust">Northern Care Alliance</a>. The Trust operates four hospitals in the North Manchester area, including the Rochdale Infirmary for the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service_(England)" title="National Health Service (England)">NHS</a>. Patient transport is provided by the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">North West Ambulance Service</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Infirmary" title="Rochdale Infirmary">Rochdale Infirmary</a> is the main hospital serving the town since the closure of <a href="/wiki/Birch_Hill_Hospital" title="Birch Hill Hospital">Birch Hill Hospital</a>, which occupied the former Rochdale Union <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">Workhouse</a> at Dearnley, in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Workhouse_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workhouse-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New facilities were established at the Infirmary as part of a restructuring of the town's healthcare services. Mental Health services are found to the back of the former Birch Hill Hospital; it provides care for children and adults on both an inpatient and out-patient basis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Primary_care_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary care trust">Primary care</a> services in Rochdale are provided by the Heywood, Middleton and Rochdale NHS Primary Care Trust. In 2006, it was announced that Accident & Emergency facilities at Rochdale Infirmary would be closed by 2011, leaving Oldham and Bury as the closest departments serving Rochdale.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confirmation that the unit would close was met with protest locally, including a march through the town centre.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a> was coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/Local_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local authority">local authority</a> from 1986, via the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Waste_Disposal_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority">Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and since 1 April 2018 via its representation on the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester Combined Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rochdale's <a href="/wiki/Distribution_network_operator" title="Distribution network operator">distribution network operator</a> for electricity was <a href="/wiki/United_Utilities" title="United Utilities">United Utilities</a> until 2010, when its electricity subsidiary was sold to <a href="/wiki/Electricity_North_West" title="Electricity North West">Electricity North West</a>. There are no <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power stations</a> in the town, following the closure of <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_power_station" title="Rochdale power station">Rochdale power station</a> in 1958. <a href="/wiki/Scout_Moor_Wind_Farm" title="Scout Moor Wind Farm">Scout Moor Wind Farm</a> was built on the high moors between <a href="/wiki/Rawtenstall" title="Rawtenstall">Rawtenstall</a> and Rochdale; it has 26 turbines and generates 65<a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> of electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United Utilities manages Rochdale's <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waste_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste water">waste water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UU_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UU-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water supplies are sourced from several reservoirs in Rochdale's outlying moorland, including <a href="/wiki/Watergrove_Reservoir" title="Watergrove Reservoir">Watergrove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Edge_Reservoir" title="Blackstone Edge Reservoir">Blackstone Edge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenbooth_Reservoir" title="Greenbooth Reservoir">Greenbooth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piethorne_Reservoir" title="Piethorne Reservoir">Piethorne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UU_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UU-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rochdale has two professional teams: <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_A.F.C." title="Rochdale A.F.C.">Rochdale A.F.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Hornets" title="Rochdale Hornets">Rochdale Hornets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a>); both play home games at the <a href="/wiki/Spotland_Stadium" title="Spotland Stadium">Spotland Stadium</a>. </p><p>Rochdale AFC were founded in 1907 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a> in 1921, when the new <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Third_Division" title="Football League Third Division">Football League Third Division</a> (North) was created.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The club has never played above the third tier of the English league divisional structure and, before its promotion at the end of the 2009/10 season (their first promotion since 1969), had played continuously in the Football League's lowest division since 1974. However, the club reached the <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League Cup">Football League Cup</a> Final in 1962 and lost to <a href="/wiki/Norwich_City_F.C." title="Norwich City F.C.">Norwich City</a>. </p><p>Rochdale Hornets is one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making it one of the world's first rugby league teams.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town was home to former non-league football club, <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Town_F.C." title="Rochdale Town F.C.">Rochdale Town</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but still hosts <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_League" title="National Conference League">National Conference League</a> amateur rugby league club <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Mayfield" title="Rochdale Mayfield">Rochdale Mayfield</a>. Rochdale R.U.F.C. who play in <a href="/wiki/Bamford,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bamford, Greater Manchester">Bamford</a>. There are two adult amateur football leagues: the Rochdale Online Alliance League and the Rochdale and District Sunday Football League. </p><p>Golf courses around the town include Rochdale Golf Club and Marland Golf Course, at <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Park_(Rochdale)" title="Springfield Park (Rochdale)">Springfield Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town also has a number of cricket clubs, most of which play in the Pennine Cricket League (PCL). Rochdale Sub-Aqua Club was formed in 1959 and remains active.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">Speedway</a> racing was staged at the <a href="/wiki/Athletic_Grounds,_Rochdale" title="Athletic Grounds, Rochdale">Athletic Grounds</a> in 1928–30 and returned at the start of the 1970s when it provided a home for the British League Division Two <a href="/wiki/Belle_Vue_Aces" title="Belle Vue Aces">Belle Vue Aces</a> juniors and <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Hornets_(speedway)" title="Rochdale Hornets (speedway)">Rochdale Hornets</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Collins_(speedway_rider)" title="Peter Collins (speedway rider)">Peter Collins</a>, who won the 1976 World Championship, was a Hornets rider.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stuart Smith<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Doug Cronshaw<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> competed in <a href="/wiki/BriSCA_Formula_1_Stock_Cars" title="BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars">BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars</a> between 1965 and 1984. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rochdale" title="Special:EditPage/Rochdale">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rochdale%22">"Rochdale"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rochdale%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rochdale%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rochdale%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rochdale%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rochdale%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisal" title="Barisal">Barisal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barisal_Division" title="Barisal Division">Barisal Division</a>, Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany (since 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv Oblast</a>, Ukraine (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahiwal" title="Sahiwal">Sahiwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, Pakistan (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a>, France (1956).</li></ul> <p>Sahiwal council has received many gifts, such as fire brigade trucks, ambulances and grants for hospitals from the people of Rochdale.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rochdale" title="Special:EditPage/Rochdale">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rochdale%22">"Rochdale"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rochdale%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rochdale%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rochdale%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rochdale%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rochdale%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="List of people from the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">List of people from the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale</a></div> <p>Lancashire <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Waugh" title="Edwin Waugh">Edwin Waugh</a> (1817–1890) was born and brought up in the town. </p><p>The aristocrat and poet <a href="/wiki/Baron_Byron" title="Baron Byron">George Gordon Byron</a> was Lord Byron of Rochdale. Rochdale has a proud liberal political heritage, as shown by such people as <a href="/wiki/John_Bright" title="John Bright">John Bright</a>, one of the first Quakers to sit in the House of Commons, and <a href="/wiki/Rev._Joseph_Cooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Rev. Joseph Cooke">Rev. Joseph Cooke</a>, the inspiration behind the Methodist Unitarian movement. In the 20th century, another prominent political personality was <a href="/wiki/Sir_Cyril_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Cyril Smith">Cyril Smith</a>, who was posthumously found to have sexually abused children. </p><p>Among Rochdale's residents have been several musicians, including singers <a href="/wiki/Piri" title="Piri">Piri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Fields" title="Gracie Fields">Gracie Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Stansfield" title="Lisa Stansfield">Lisa Stansfield</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Barb_Jungr" title="Barb Jungr">Barb Jungr</a> and bands <a href="/wiki/Kaliphz" title="Kaliphz">Kaliphz</a> also known as Kaleef, <a href="/wiki/Autechre" title="Autechre">Autechre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tractor_(band)" title="Tractor (band)">Tractor</a>. </p><p>Broadcasters <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Chapman_(broadcaster)" title="Mark Chapman (broadcaster)">Mark Chapman</a> also have links with the town; Peel lived there for a period of time and Chapman was born here. Actors <a href="/wiki/Anna_Friel" title="Anna Friel">Anna Friel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Oddie" title="Bill Oddie">Bill Oddie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christine_Bottomley" title="Christine Bottomley">Christine Bottomley</a> were born in Rochdale. <a href="/wiki/Don_Estelle" title="Don Estelle">Don Estelle</a>, who was born and brought up in <a href="/wiki/Crumpsall" title="Crumpsall">Crumpsall</a>, lived for much of his life in Rochdale and was buried there in August 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-RochdaleObserver_05Aug2003_MichaelByrne_FarewelltoLoftyDon_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RochdaleObserver_05Aug2003_MichaelByrne_FarewelltoLoftyDon-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> was born in Rochdale to <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="British Pakistani">British Pakistani</a> parents. </p><p>Other notable residents include businessman and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Sir_Peter_Ogden" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Peter Ogden">Sir Peter Ogden</a>, novelist <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Blincoe" title="Nicholas Blincoe">Nicholas Blincoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monica_Coghlan" title="Monica Coghlan">Monica Coghlan</a>, a prostitute caught up in the <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer" title="Jeffrey Archer">Jeffrey Archer</a> scandal, and the banker <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flowers_(banker)" title="Paul Flowers (banker)">Rev. Paul Flowers</a>. </p><p>Novelist <a href="/wiki/Anna_Jacobs" title="Anna Jacobs">Anna Jacobs</a> was born in Rochdale. World Series of poker winner <a href="/wiki/Jake_Cody" title="Jake Cody">Jake Cody</a> grew up in Rochdale. </p><p>The footballer <a href="/wiki/Earl_Barrett" title="Earl Barrett">Earl Barrett</a> was born there in April 1967 to <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaican</a> immigrant parents.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great Britain Olympian <a href="/wiki/Craig_Dawson" title="Craig Dawson">Craig Dawson</a>, represented hometown club <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Rochdale F.C.">Rochdale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolton_Wanderers_F.C." title="Bolton Wanderers F.C.">Bolton Wanderers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>. England women’s national team player and GB Olympian <a href="/wiki/Keira_Walsh" title="Keira Walsh">Keira Walsh</a> who previously has played for <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackburn Rovers">Blackburn Rovers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester City">Manchester City</a> and current team <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. A mural depicting Walsh playing for the <a href="/wiki/England_women%27s_national_football_team" title="England women's national football team">Lionesses</a> was completed in June 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg/32px-England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg/48px-England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg/64px-England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greater_Manchester" title="Portal:Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Rochdale" title="Listed buildings in Rochdale">Listed buildings in Rochdale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/northwestengland/greater_manchester/E63001069__rochdale/">"Rochdale (Greater Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i>. 8 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS20+Household+composition+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152">"Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area"</a>. <i>Ons.gov.uk</i>. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks13--qualifications-and-students.xls">KS13 Qualifications and students</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS13+Qualifications+and+students+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stockport_MB_stats-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stockport_MB_stats_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591093&enc=1">"Stockport Metropolitan Borough key statistics"</a>. Statistics.gov.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stockport+Metropolitan+Borough+key+statistics&rft.pub=Statistics.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadKeyFigures.do%3Fa%3D3%26b%3D276782%26c%3DStockport%26d%3D13%26e%3D16%26g%3D354915%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D1%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1198230591093%26enc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 17 August 2008.<br />•<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525205424/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591109&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87">"Stockport Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data"</a>. Statistics.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591109&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87">the original</a> on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stockport+Metropolitan+Borough+ethnic+group+data&rft.pub=Statistics.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D3%26b%3D276782%26c%3DStockport%26d%3D13%26e%3D16%26g%3D354915%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D1%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1198230591109%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 17 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://menmedia.co.uk/news/business/s/1200745_more_unemployed_and_for_longer">"More unemployed and for longer"</a>. M.E.N. Media. 17 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+unemployed+and+for+longer&rft.date=2010-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmenmedia.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fs%2F1200745_more_unemployed_and_for_longer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152">"Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area"</a>. <i>Ons.gov.uk</i>. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks06--ethnic-group.xls">KS06 Ethnic group</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS06+Ethnic+group+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rochdale_MB_stats-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rochdale_MB_stats_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276780&c=Rochdale&d=13&e=16&g=353557&i=1001x1003x1004&o=254&m=0&r=1&s=1240616573781&enc=1">"Rochdale Metropolitan Borough key statistics"</a>. Statistics.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rochdale+Metropolitan+Borough+key+statistics&rft.pub=Statistics.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadKeyFigures.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D276780%26c%3DRochdale%26d%3D13%26e%3D16%26g%3D353557%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D254%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1240616573781%26enc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276780&c=Rochdale&d=13&e=16&g=353557&i=1001x1003x1004&o=254&m=0&r=1&s=1240616573812&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87">"Rochdale Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data"</a>. Statistics.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rochdale+Metropolitan+Borough+ethnic+group+data&rft.pub=Statistics.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D276780%26c%3DRochdale%26d%3D13%26e%3D16%26g%3D353557%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D254%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1240616573812%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukcensusdata.com-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ukcensusdata.com_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ukcensusdata.com_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServices" class="citation web cs1">Services, Good Stuff IT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukcensusdata.com/rochdale-e08000005#sthash.WWxchLwX.dpbs">"Rochdale – UK Census Data 2011"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rochdale+%E2%80%93+UK+Census+Data+2011&rft.aulast=Services&rft.aufirst=Good+Stuff+IT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcensusdata.com%2Frochdale-e08000005%23sthash.WWxchLwX.dpbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks201ew">"KS201EW (Ethnic group) – Nomis – Official Labour Market Statistics"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KS201EW+%28Ethnic+group%29+%E2%80%93+Nomis+%E2%80%93+Official+Labour+Market+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fcensus%2F2011%2Fks201ew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/152050/rochdale-has-one-of-the-highest-child-poverty-rates-in-the-uk">"Rochdale has one of the highest child poverty rates in the UK"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rochdale+has+one+of+the+highest+child+poverty+rates+in+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rochdaleonline.co.uk%2Fnews-features%2F2%2Fnews-headlines%2F152050%2Frochdale-has-one-of-the-highest-child-poverty-rates-in-the-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1084275" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1084275?section=official-list-entry">"Town Hall (1084275)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Town+Hall+%281084275%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1084275%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1084274" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1084274?section=official-list-entry">"Rochdale Cenotaph (1084274)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Rochdale+Cenotaph+%281084274%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1084274%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhle-st-mary-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhle-st-mary_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhle-st-mary_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1025294" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1025294?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Mary-in-the-Baum (1025294)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Mary-in-the-Baum+%281025294%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1025294%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhle-st-edmund-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhle-st-edmund_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1084273" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1084273?section=official-list-entry">"Church of Saint Edmund and associated boundary walll, railings and gates (1084273)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i>.</cite><span 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Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rochdale+Observer&rft.atitle=Farewell+to+screen+star+%27Lofty%27+Don&rft.date=2003-08-05&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmenmedia.co.uk%2Frochdaleobserver%2Fp%2F333428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_club.asp?HeroID=38214">"Earl Barrett – Everton FC – Football-Heroes.net"</a>. Sporting-heroes.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earl+Barrett+%E2%80%93+Everton+FC+%E2%80%93+Football-Heroes.net&rft.pub=Sporting-heroes.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sporting-heroes.net%2Ffootball-heroes%2Fdisplayhero_club.asp%3FHeroID%3D38214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c6pp4lr1nv6o">"Lioness Keira Walsh honoured with Rochdale mural"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lioness+Keira+Walsh+honoured+with+Rochdale+mural&rft.date=2024-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc6pp4lr1nv6o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartwellHydePevsner2004" class="citation book cs1">Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2004). <i>Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East</i>. The Buildings of England. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10583-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10583-5"><bdi>0-300-10583-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancashire%3A+Manchester+and+the+South-East&rft.series=The+Buildings+of+England&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10583-5&rft.aulast=Hartwell&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft.au=Hyde%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Pevsner%2C+Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Higgins et al (2020). <i>British Cotton Textiles: Maturity and Decline: Maturity and Decline</i>. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780367595159</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls2004" class="citation book cs1">Nicholls, Robert (2004). <i>Curiosities of Greater Manchester</i>. Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-3661-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-3661-4"><bdi>0-7509-3661-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curiosities+of+Greater+Manchester&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7509-3661-4&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochdale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Roethe, Johanna and Williams, Mike (2019), <i>Central Rochdale, Greater Manchester: Historic area assessment</i> (Historic England Research Report Series no. 56–2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=16385">available online</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rochdale" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rochdale">Rochdale</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Rochdale#Q474605" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Rochdale">Rochdale</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rochdale.gov.uk/">Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Greater_Manchester344" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Manchester" title="Template:Greater Manchester"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Manchester" title="Template talk:Greater Manchester"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Manchester" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Manchester"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Greater_Manchester344" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greater_Manchester" title="Portal:Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory City Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester Combined Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Statutory_City_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Manchester Statutory City Region">Greater Manchester Statutory City Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Mayor of Greater Manchester">Mayor of Greater Manchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">City of Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Metropolitan Borough of Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Metropolitan Borough of Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Metropolitan Borough of Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Metropolitan Borough of Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Metropolitan Borough of Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Metropolitan Borough of Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Metropolitan Borough of Wigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altrincham" title="Altrincham">Altrincham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton-in-Makerfield" title="Ashton-in-Makerfield">Ashton-in-Makerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton-under-Lyne" title="Ashton-under-Lyne">Ashton-under-Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Astley, Greater Manchester">Astley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Atherton, Greater Manchester">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audenshaw" title="Audenshaw">Audenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackrod" title="Blackrod">Blackrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramhall" title="Bramhall">Bramhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredbury" title="Bredbury">Bredbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bury, Greater Manchester">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadderton" title="Chadderton">Chadderton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle,_Greater_Manchester" title="Cheadle, Greater Manchester">Cheadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle_Hulme" title="Cheadle Hulme">Cheadle Hulme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorlton-cum-Hardy" title="Chorlton-cum-Hardy">Chorlton-cum-Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Clifton, Greater Manchester">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didsbury" title="Didsbury">Didsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Denton, Greater Manchester">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droylsden" title="Droylsden">Droylsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukinfield" title="Dukinfield">Dukinfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failsworth" title="Failsworth">Failsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnworth" title="Farnworth">Farnworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatley" title="Gatley">Gatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golborne" title="Golborne">Golborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hale, Greater Manchester">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Barns" title="Hale Barns">Hale Barns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harwood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Harwood, Greater Manchester">Harwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haughton_Green" title="Haughton Green">Haughton Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Grove" title="Hazel Grove">Hazel Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heald_Green" title="Heald Green">Heald Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hindley, Greater Manchester">Hindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horwich" title="Horwich">Horwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hyde, Greater Manchester">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ince-in-Makerfield" title="Ince-in-Makerfield">Ince-in-Makerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlam" title="Irlam">Irlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearsley" title="Kearsley">Kearsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh,_Greater_Manchester" title="Leigh, Greater Manchester">Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Hulton" title="Little Hulton">Little Hulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Lever" title="Little Lever">Little Lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowton" title="Lowton">Lowton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marple,_Greater_Manchester" title="Marple, Greater Manchester">Marple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Middleton, Greater Manchester">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnrow" title="Milnrow">Milnrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossley" title="Mossley">Mossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrell,_Greater_Manchester" title="Orrell, Greater Manchester">Orrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partington" title="Partington">Partington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestwich" title="Prestwich">Prestwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Radcliffe, Greater Manchester">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsbottom" title="Ramsbottom">Ramsbottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddish" title="Reddish">Reddish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romiley" title="Romiley">Romiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royton" title="Royton">Royton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Sale, Greater Manchester">Sale</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salford" title="Salford">Salford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_and_Crompton" title="Shaw and Crompton">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevington" title="Shevington">Shevington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalybridge" title="Stalybridge">Stalybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standish,_Greater_Manchester" title="Standish, Greater Manchester">Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Swinton, Greater Manchester">Swinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timperley" title="Timperley">Timperley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottington,_Greater_Manchester" title="Tottington, Greater Manchester">Tottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyldesley" title="Tyldesley">Tyldesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmston" title="Urmston">Urmston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkden" title="Walkden">Walkden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoughton" title="Westhoughton">Westhoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefield,_Greater_Manchester" title="Whitefield, Greater Manchester">Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wythenshawe" title="Wythenshawe">Wythenshawe</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester">List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Beal" title="River Beal">Beal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bollin" title="River Bollin">Bollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Croal" title="River Croal">Croal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Douglas,_Lancashire" title="River Douglas, Lancashire">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Etherow" title="River Etherow">Etherow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Goyt" title="River Goyt">Goyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Irk" title="River Irk">Irk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Irwell" title="River Irwell">Irwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Medlock" title="River Medlock">Medlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Roch" title="River Roch">Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Spodden" title="River Spodden">Spodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_Greater_Manchester" title="River Tame, Greater Manchester">Tame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tib" title="River Tib">Tib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tonge" title="River Tonge">Tonge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Canal" title="Bridgewater Canal">Bridgewater Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher%27s_Canal" title="Fletcher's Canal">Fletcher's Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulme_Locks_Branch_Canal" title="Hulme Locks Branch Canal">Hulme Locks Branch Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Branch_Canal" title="Islington Branch Canal">Islington Branch Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Junction_Canal" title="Manchester and Salford Junction Canal">Manchester and Salford Junction Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_and_Irwell_Navigation" title="Mersey and Irwell Navigation">Mersey and Irwell Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Forest_Canal" title="Peak Forest Canal">Peak Forest Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Branch_Canal" title="Stockport Branch Canal">Stockport Branch Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester">Parliamentary constituencies and Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Crime in Greater Manchester">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in Manchester">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Demographics of Greater Manchester">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Greater_Manchester" title="List of people from Greater Manchester">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of public art in Greater Manchester">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of schools in Greater Manchester">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Geography of Greater Manchester">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_County_Council" title="Greater Manchester County Council">Greater Manchester County Council</a> (1974–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places in Greater Manchester">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_Manchester_settlements_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greater Manchester settlements by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of castles in Greater Manchester">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of churches in Greater Manchester">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Flag of Greater Manchester">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of football clubs in Greater Manchester">Football clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of mills in Greater Manchester">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Greater Manchester">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Lord Lieutenant of Greater Manchester">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_Manchester" title="High Sheriff of Greater Manchester">High Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of museums in Greater Manchester">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places of interest in Greater Manchester">Places of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Manchester" title="Transport in Manchester">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Greater_Manchester" title="Transport for Greater Manchester">Transport for Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126674339">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhxtCpwt7gMhrr3gjkhpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4050218-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81007332">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rochdale (Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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