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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Debisones_i_campo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debisones_i_campo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Debisones i campo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debisones_i_campo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cunsidraçones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cunsidraçones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cunsidraçones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cunsidraçones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stória_de_la_Antropologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stória_de_la_Antropologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Stória de la Antropologie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stória_de_la_Antropologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Stória de la Antropologie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stória_de_la_Antropologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primórdios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primórdios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Primórdios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primórdios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L_seclo_XVIII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_seclo_XVIII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>L seclo XVIII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_seclo_XVIII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L_seclo_XIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_seclo_XIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>L seclo XIX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_seclo_XIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_antropologie_eibolucionista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_antropologie_eibolucionista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>La antropologie eibolucionista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_antropologie_eibolucionista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.1</span> <span>Teorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Método" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Método"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.2</span> <span>Método</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Método-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pensadores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pensadores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.3</span> <span>Pensadores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pensadores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_antropologie_difusionista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_antropologie_difusionista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>La antropologie difusionista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_antropologie_difusionista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Repersentantes_i_obras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repersentantes_i_obras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.1</span> <span>Repersentantes i obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repersentantes_i_obras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L_surgimiento_de_la_"lhinhaige_francesa"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_surgimiento_de_la_"lhinhaige_francesa""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>L surgimiento de la "lhinhaige francesa"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_surgimiento_de_la_"lhinhaige_francesa"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L_seclo_XX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_seclo_XX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>L seclo XX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_seclo_XX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_antropologie_funcionalista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_antropologie_funcionalista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>La antropologie funcionalista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_antropologie_funcionalista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Repersentantes_i_percipales_obras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repersentantes_i_percipales_obras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1.1</span> <span>Repersentantes i percipales obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repersentantes_i_percipales_obras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_antropologie_strutural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_antropologie_strutural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>La antropologie strutural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_antropologie_strutural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eideias_centrales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eideias_centrales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2.1</span> <span>Eideias centrales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eideias_centrales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outores_i_obras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outores_i_obras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2.2</span> <span>Outores i obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outores_i_obras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L_particularismo_stórico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_particularismo_stórico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>L particularismo stórico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_particularismo_stórico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Percipales_eideias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Percipales_eideias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3.1</span> <span>Percipales eideias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Percipales_eideias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repersentantes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repersentantes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3.2</span> <span>Repersentantes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repersentantes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_scuola_de_cultura_i_personalidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_scuola_de_cultura_i_personalidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>La scuola de cultura i personalidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_scuola_de_cultura_i_personalidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Repersentantes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repersentantes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4.1</span> <span>Repersentantes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repersentantes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_antropologie_anterpretatiba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_antropologie_anterpretatiba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.5</span> <span>La antropologie anterpretatiba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_antropologie_anterpretatiba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eideias_centrales_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eideias_centrales_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.5.1</span> <span>Eideias centrales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eideias_centrales_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repersentantes_i_obras_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repersentantes_i_obras_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.5.2</span> <span>Repersentantes i obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repersentantes_i_obras_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropologie_de_las_Emoçones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropologie_de_las_Emoçones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.6</span> <span>Antropologie de las Emoçones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropologie_de_las_Emoçones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropologie_bisual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropologie_bisual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.7</span> <span>Antropologie bisual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropologie_bisual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropologie_de_la_Eimaige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropologie_de_la_Eimaige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Antropologie de la Eimaige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropologie_de_la_Eimaige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropologie_Bisual_i_de_la_Eimaige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropologie_Bisual_i_de_la_Eimaige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Antropologie Bisual i de la Eimaige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropologie_Bisual_i_de_la_Eimaige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropologie_Médica_i_de_la_Salude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropologie_Médica_i_de_la_Salude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Antropologie Médica i de la Salude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropologie_Médica_i_de_la_Salude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outros_mobimentos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_mobimentos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>Outros mobimentos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_mobimentos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debates_pós-modernos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debates_pós-modernos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Debates pós-modernos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debates_pós-modernos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eideias_centrales_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eideias_centrales_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2.1</span> <span>Eideias centrales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eideias_centrales_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Percipales_repersentantes_i_obras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Percipales_repersentantes_i_obras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2.2</span> <span>Percipales repersentantes i obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Percipales_repersentantes_i_obras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Árias_de_studo_an_Antropologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Árias_de_studo_an_Antropologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Árias de studo an Antropologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Árias_de_studo_an_Antropologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cunceitos_i_métodos_de_la_Antropologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cunceitos_i_métodos_de_la_Antropologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cunceitos i métodos de la Antropologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cunceitos_i_métodos_de_la_Antropologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refréncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refréncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Refréncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refréncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antropologie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 174 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">174 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Anthropologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%85_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የሰው ልጅ ጥናት — Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሰው ልጅ ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropoloch%C3%ADa" title="Antropolochía — Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antropolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="علم الإنسان — Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الإنسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="انثروبولوجيا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انثروبولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolox%C3%ADa" title="Antropoloxía — Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antropoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मानवशास्त्र — Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मानवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologiya" title="Antropologiya — Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antropologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="آنتروپولوژی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنتروپولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Antropoluogėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Antropoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolohiya" title="Antropolohiya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Antropolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Антрапалогія — Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антрапалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Антрапалёгія — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Антрапалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मनुष्य विज्ञान — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मनुष्य विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%BF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%82%8F%E1%80%92" title="မနုဿဗေႏဒ — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မနုဿဗေႏဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropoloji" title="Antropoloji — Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Antropoloji" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="নৃবিজ্ঞান — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৃবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="མིའི་རིགས་དཔྱད་པའི་རིག་པ། — Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མིའི་རིགས་དཔྱད་པའི་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologiezh" title="Antropologiezh — Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Antropologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologija" title="Antropologija — Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antropologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolohiya" title="Antropolohiya — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Antropolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مرۆڤناسی — Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مرۆڤناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolugia" title="Antropolugia — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Antropolugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrop%C3%B2logij%C3%B4" title="Antropòlogijô — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Antropòlogijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Антропологи — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Антропологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropoleg" title="Anthropoleg — Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anthropoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie — German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anthropologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6cemanhraan" title="Piöcemanhraan — Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piöcemanhraan" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolociye" title="Antropolociye — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Antropolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ανθρωπολογία — Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρωπολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology — English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Anthropology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologio" title="Antropologio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antropologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolog%C3%ADa" title="Antropología — Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antropología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropoloogia" title="Antropoloogia — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antropoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolog%C3%ADa" title="Antropología — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Antropología" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="انسان‌شناسی — Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropoloogia" title="Antropoloogia — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Antropoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie — French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anthropologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologii" title="Antropologii — Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Antropologii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologjie" title="Antropologjie — Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Antropologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropology" title="Antropology — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Antropology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antraipeola%C3%ADocht" title="Antraipeolaíocht — Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Antraipeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantropoloji" title="Lantropoloji — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lantropoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corp-e%C3%B2las" title="Corp-eòlas — Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Corp-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolox%C3%ADa" title="Antropoloxía — Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antropoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avakuaaty" title="Avakuaaty — Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avakuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="માનવશાસ્ત્ર — Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માનવશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrapoaylleeaght" title="Antrapoaylleeaght — Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Antrapoaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimin_%C9%97an_adam" title="Ilimin ɗan adam — haúça" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ilimin ɗan adam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haúça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%ACn-lui-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Ngìn-lui-ho̍k — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngìn-lui-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="אנתרופולוגיה — Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנתרופולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मानवशास्त्र — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologija" title="Antropologija — Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antropologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwopoloji" title="Antwopoloji — Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Antwopoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropol%C3%B3gia" title="Antropológia — Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antropológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մարդաբանություն — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մարդաբանութիւն — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մարդաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologia" title="Anthropologia — Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anthropologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologio" title="Antropologio — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antropologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Mannfræði — Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mannfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="人類学 — Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人類学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchopalaji" title="Anchopalaji — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Anchopalaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remske" title="remske — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ანთროპოლოგია — Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანთროპოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologiya" title="Antropologiya — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Antropologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnamdant" title="Tasnamdant — Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnamdant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90y%C9%A9t%CA%8A_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8A%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Ɛyɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛyɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuup_ineriartorneranik_ilisimatusarneq" title="Inuup ineriartorneranik ilisimatusarneq — gronelandês" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Inuup ineriartorneranik ilisimatusarneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="gronelandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F" title="មនុស្សសាស្រ្ត — Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មនុស្សសាស្រ្ត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಮಾನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ — Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="인류학 — Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인류학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بَشرِیات — Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَشرِیات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirovnas%C3%AE" title="Mirovnasî — Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mirovnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologia" title="Anthropologia — Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anthropologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolojiya" title="Antropolojiya — Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Antropolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie — Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Anthropologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolojia" title="Antropolojia — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Antropolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ມະນຸດສາດ — Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະນຸດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologija" title="Antropologija — Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antropologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolo%C4%A3ija" title="Antropoloģija — Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antropoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मानवशास्त्र — Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मानवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antr%C3%B4p%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Antrôpôlôjia — Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antrôpôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Антропологий — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Антропологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Антропологија — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антропологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നരവംശശാസ്ത്രം — Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നരവംശശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Хүн судлал — Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүн судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मानववंशशास्त्र — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मानववंशशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolo%C4%A1ija" title="Antropoloġija — Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Antropoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%BF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="မနုဿဗေဒ — Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မနုဿဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — baixo-saxão" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo-saxão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मानवशास्त्र — Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मानवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मानवशास्त्र — Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मानवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Anthropologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiroppooloojii" title="Antiroppooloojii — Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Antiroppooloojii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ନୃତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ — Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନୃତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Антропологи — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Антропологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ — Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بشریات — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بشریات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="انسان پيژندنه — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انسان پيژندنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Антрополоґія — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Антрополоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मानवविज्ञानम् — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मानवविज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ — Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia — Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Antropologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolugg%C3%ACa" title="Antropoluggìa — Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Antropoluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%BF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="ائنٿراپالاجي — Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ائنٿراپالاجي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologija" title="Antropologija — Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antropologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="මානවවේදය — Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මානවවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anthropology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropol%C3%B3gia" title="Antropológia — Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antropológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C/_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اینتھروپولوجی/ بشریات — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اینتھروپولوجی/ بشریات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologija" title="Antropologija — Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antropologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthroboloji" title="Anthroboloji — Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Anthroboloji" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologjia" title="Antropologjia — Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Antropologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Антропологија — Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антропологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi — Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antropologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropolojia" title="Anthropolojia — Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Anthropolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மானிடவியல் — Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மானிடவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="మానవ శాస్త్రం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మానవ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Инсоншиносӣ — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инсоншиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="มานุษยวิทยา — Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มานุษยวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi%C3%BDa" title="Antropologiýa — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Antropologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolohiya" title="Antropolohiya — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antropolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolosi" title="Antropolosi — Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Antropolosi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropoloji" title="Antropoloji — Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antropoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Антропология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Антропологія — Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антропологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بشریات — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بشریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologiya" title="Antropologiya — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antropologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_de_l%27omo" title="Studio de l'omo — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Studio de l'omo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhân loại học — Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân loại học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Antropologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolohiya" title="Antropolohiya — Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Antropolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学 — Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人类学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ანთროპოლოგია — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანთროპოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אנטראפאלאגיע — Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אנטראפאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropolohie" title="Antropolohie — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Antropolohie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94:%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%BC%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ — tamazight marroquino padrão" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquino padrão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学 — Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人类学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Jîn-lūi-ha̍k — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-lūi-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="人類學 — Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人類學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazabuntu" title="Umchazabuntu — Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazabuntu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23404#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Eiditar lhigaçones anterlhenguísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Eiditar lhigaçones</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Domínios"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antropologie" title="Ber 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mwl" dir="ltr"><table width="75%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" style="background-color: #B40404; border: 1px solid #C11B17; font-size: 90%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin:auto; clear: both; color:#FFFFFF"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Gtk-find-and-replace.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gtk-find-and-replace.svg/45px-Gtk-find-and-replace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gtk-find-and-replace.svg/68px-Gtk-find-and-replace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gtk-find-and-replace.svg/90px-Gtk-find-and-replace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Esta páigina ó cacho fui traduzida outomaticamente i <b>percisa de ser rebista</b> por un falante natibo de mirandés. Se sabes bien mirandés ajuda la Biquipédia rebendo este artigo. Apuis de la rebison apaga esta marca. Oubrigado! </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Antropologie</b> (cuja ourige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eitimologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eitimologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">eitimológica</a> deriba de l griego άνθρωπος <a href="https://mwl.wiktionary.org/wiki/antropo" class="extiw" title="wikt:antropo">anthropos</a>, <i>(home / pessona)</i> i λόγος (logos - <i>rezon / pensamiento</i>) ye la ciéncia preocupada an studar l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Home&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home (la páigina nun eisiste)">home</a> i la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houmanidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houmanidade (la páigina nun eisiste)">houmanidade</a> de maneira totalizante, ó seia, abrangendo todas las sues dimensones.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La debison clássica de la Antropologie çtingue la Antropologie Cultural de la Antropologie Biológica. Cada ua destas, an sue custruçon abrigou dibersas corrientes de pensamiento. </p><p>Puode-se afirmar que hai poucas décadas la antropologie cunquistou sou lhugar antre las ciéncias. Purmeiramente, fui cunsidrada cumo la stória natural i física de l home i de l sou porcesso eibolutibo, ne l spácio i ne l tiempo. Se por un lhado essa cuncepçon benie sastifazer l seneficado lhiteral de la palabra, por outro restringie l sou campo de studo a las caratelísticas de l home físico. Essa postura marcou i lhemitou ls studos antropológicos por ancho tiempo, pribilegiando la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropometrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropometrie (la páigina nun eisiste)">antropometrie</a>, ciéncia que trata de las mensuraçones de l home fócil i de l home bibo. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/300px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/450px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/600px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="3070" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_Bitrubiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home Bitrubiano (la páigina nun eisiste)">Home Bitrubiano</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debisones_i_campo">Debisones i campo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Eiditar cacho: Debisones i campo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Debisones i campo"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Antropologie, sendo la ciéncia de la houmanidade i de la cultura, ten un campo de ambestigaçon mui basto: abrange, ne l spácio, to a tierra habitada; ne l tiempo, pul menos dous milhones de anhos, i todas las populaçones socialmente ourganizadas. Debide-se an dues grandes árias de studo, cun oubjetibos definidos i antresses teóricos própios: la Antropologie Física (ó Biológica) i la Antropologie Cultural, que se centran ne l deseio de l home de coincer la sue ourige, la capacidade que el ten de coincer-se, ne ls questumes i ne l anstinto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cunsidraçones"><span id="Cunsidra.C3.A7ones"></span>Cunsidraçones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Eiditar cacho: Cunsidraçones" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Cunsidraçones"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Para pensar las sociadades houmanas, la antropologie preacupa-se an detalhar, tanto quanto possible, ls seres houmanos que las cumponen i culhas se relacionan, seia ne ls sous aspetos físicos, na sue relaçon cula <a href="/wiki/Natureza" title="Natureza">natureza</a>, seia na sue specificidade cultural. Pa l saber antropológico l cunceito de <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">cultura</a> abarca dibersas dimensones: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouniberso_ps%C3%ADquico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouniberso psíquico (la páigina nun eisiste)">ouniberso psíquico</a>, ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitos (la páigina nun eisiste)">mitos</a>, ls questumes i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ritual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ritual (la páigina nun eisiste)">rituales</a>, sues stórias peculiares, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguaige_houmana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenguaige houmana (la páigina nun eisiste)">lenguaige</a>, balores, fés, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei (la páigina nun eisiste)">leis</a>, relaçones de parentesco, antre outros tópicos. </p><p>Ambora l studo de las sociadades houmanas remonte a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiguidade_Cl%C3%A1ssica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiguidade Clássica (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antiguidade Clássica</a>, la antropologie naciu, cumo <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncia" title="Ciéncia">ciéncia</a>, efetibamente, de la grande reboluçon cultural ampeçada cul <a href="/wiki/Eiluminismo" title="Eiluminismo">Eiluminismo</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Antropologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelo:Antropologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Modelo:Antropologie</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stória_de_la_Antropologie"><span id="St.C3.B3ria_de_la_Antropologie"></span>Stória de la Antropologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Eiditar cacho: Stória de la Antropologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Stória de la Antropologie"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La custruçon de l mirar antropológico i sous percipales debates. Ambora la grande maiorie de ls outores cuncorde que la antropologie se tenga definido anquanto deciplina solo depuis de la reboluçon <a href="/wiki/Eiluminismo" title="Eiluminismo">Iluminista</a>, a partir dun debate más claro acerca de oubjeto i método, las ouriges de l saber antropológico remontan a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiguidade_Cl%C3%A1ssica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiguidade Clássica (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antiguidade Clássica</a>, atrabessando seclos. Anquanto l ser houmano pensou subre si mesmo i subre sue relaçon cun "<a href="/w/index.php?title=L_outro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L outro (la páigina nun eisiste)">l outro</a>", pensou antropologicamente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primórdios"><span id="Prim.C3.B3rdios"></span>Primórdios</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Eiditar cacho: Primórdios" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Primórdios"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Homero" class="mw-redirect" title="Homero">Homero</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heis%C3%ADodo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heisíodo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Heisíodo</a> i ls <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">Filosófos</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9-socr%C3%A1ticos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pré-socráticos (la páigina nun eisiste)">Pré-socráticos</a> yá se questionában a respeito de l ampato de las relaçones sociales subre l cumportamiento houmano; ó bendo este ampato cumo cunsequéncia de ls caprichos de l <a href="/wiki/Mitologie_griega" title="Mitologie griega">diuses</a>, cumo enumera la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisseia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odisseia (la páigina nun eisiste)">Odisseia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Homero" class="mw-redirect" title="Homero">Homero</a> i la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teogonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teogonia (la páigina nun eisiste)">Teogonia</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heis%C3%ADodo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heisíodo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Heisíodo</a>, ó cumo custruçones racionales, balorizando mui más la aprenson de la rialidade ne l die la die de la speriéncia houmana, cumo preferian ls <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">Filosófos</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9-socr%C3%A1ticos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pré-socráticos (la páigina nun eisiste)">Pré-socráticos</a>. Fui, sin dúbeda, na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiguidade_Cl%C3%A1ssica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiguidade Clássica (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antiguidade Clássica</a> que la "<i>medida Houmana</i>" se eibidenciou cumo centro de la çcusson acerca de l mundo. Ls griegos deixórun einúmeros registros i relatos acerca de culturas defrentes de las sues, assi cumo ls chineses i ls romanos. Nestes testos nacie, por assi dezir, la Antropologie, i ne l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_V_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo V a.C. (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclo V a.C.</a> un eisemplo çto se rebela na obra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heir%C3%B3doto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heiródoto (la páigina nun eisiste)">Heiródoto</a>, que çcrebiu minuciosamente las culturas cun las quales sou pobo se relacionaba. De la cuntribuiçon griega fázen parte tamien las obras de <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> (acerca de las cidades griegas) i las de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenofonte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenofonte (la páigina nun eisiste)">Xenofonte</a> (a respeito de la <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>). </p><p>Antre ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanos (la páigina nun eisiste)">romanos</a> merece çtaque l poeta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucr%C3%A9cio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucrécio (la páigina nun eisiste)">Lucrécio</a>, que tentou ambestigar las ouriges de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>, de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artes (la páigina nun eisiste)">artes</a> i se acupou de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=An%C3%A1leze_de_l_%C3%A7curso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Análeze de l çcurso (la páigina nun eisiste)">çcurso</a>. Outro romano, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Publius_Cornelius_Tacitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publius Cornelius Tacitus (la páigina nun eisiste)">Tácito</a> analisou la bida de las tribos germánicas, baseando-se ne ls relatos de ls suldados i biajantes. Salienta l bigor de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanos (la páigina nun eisiste)">germanos</a> an cuntreste cun ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanos (la páigina nun eisiste)">romanos</a> de la sue época. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agostico_de_Heipona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agostico de Heipona (la páigina nun eisiste)">Agostico</a>, un de ls pedamiegos teológicos de l <a href="/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo">Catolicismo</a>, çcrebiu las ceblizaçones greco-romanas "paganas", bistas cumo moralmente anferiores a las sociadades crestianizadas. An sue obra yá çcutie, de maneira pouco eilaborada, la possiblidade de l "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancesto (la páigina nun eisiste)">tabu de l ancesto</a>" funcionar cumo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norma_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norma social (la páigina nun eisiste)">norma social</a>, garantie de la coeson de la sociadade. Ye amportante salientar que <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agostico_de_Heipona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agostico de Heipona (la páigina nun eisiste)">Agostico</a>, inda assi, pribilegiou splicaçones subrenaturales para la bida sociocultural. </p><p>Ambora nun eisistisse cumo deciplina specífica, l saber antropológico partecipou de las çcussones de la <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">Filosofie</a>, al lhongo de l seclos. Durante la <a href="/wiki/Eidade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Eidade Média">Eidade Média</a> muitos scritos cuntribuíran para la formaçon dun pensamiento racional, aplicado al studo de la speriéncia houmana, cumo ye l fizo l admenistrador francés <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Vodin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Vodin (la páigina nun eisiste)">Jean Vodin</a>, studioso de ls questumes de ls pobos cunquistados, que buscaba, an sue análeze, splicaçones para las deficuldades que ls franceses tenien an admenistrar esses pobos. Cul adbento de l mobimiento <a href="/wiki/Eiluminismo" title="Eiluminismo">eiluminista</a>, este saber fui struturado an dous núcleos analíticos: la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Física (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologíe Biológica (ó Física)</a>, de modo giral cunsidrada ciéncia natural, i la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Cultural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Cultural (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Cultural</a>, classeficada cumo ciéncia social. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L_seclo_XVIII">L seclo XVIII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Eiditar cacho: L seclo XVIII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: L seclo XVIII"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Até l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XVIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XVIII (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclo XVIII</a>, l saber antropológico stubo persente na cuntribuiçon de l cronistas, biajantes, suldados, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mission%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Missionário (la páigina nun eisiste)">missionários</a> i comerciantes que çcutian, an relaçon als pobos que conhecian, la maneira cumo estes bibian la sue cundiçon houmana, cultibában sous hábitos, normas, caratelísticas, anterpretában ls sous mitos, ls sous rituales, la sue lhenguaige. Solo ne l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XVIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XVIII (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclo XVIII</a>, la Antropologie adquire la catadorie de ciéncia, partindo de las classeficaçones de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Lhineu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Lhineu (la páigina nun eisiste)">Carlos Lhineu</a> i tenendo cumo oubjeto la análeze de las "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça (la páigina nun eisiste)">raças</a> houmanas". </p><p>L lhegado desta época fúrun ls testos que çcrebian las tierras, la (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna (la páigina nun eisiste)">Fauna</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora (la páigina nun eisiste)">Flora</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topografie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topografie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Topografie</a>) i ls pobos "çcubiertos" (Hábitos i Fés). Alguas obras que falában de l andígenas brasileiros, por eisemplo, fúrun: la carta de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cermeinho_Ba%C3%A7_de_Camina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cermeinho Baç de Camina (la páigina nun eisiste)">Cermeinho Baç de Camina</a> ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Carta_de_Cermeinho_Ba%C3%A7_de_Camina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carta de Cermeinho Baç de Camina (la páigina nun eisiste)">Carta de l Çcubrimiento de l Brasil</a>" ), ls relatos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanes_Staden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanes Staden (la páigina nun eisiste)">Hanes Staden</a>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dues_Biaiges_al_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dues Biaiges al Brasil (la páigina nun eisiste)">dues Biaiges al Brasil</a>", ls registros de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_de_Lh%C3%A9ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean de Lhéry (la páigina nun eisiste)">Jean de Lhéry</a>, la "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Biaige_la_Tierra_de_l_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biaige la Tierra de l Brasil (la páigina nun eisiste)">Biaige la Tierra de l Brasil</a>", i la obra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Batiste_Debret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Batiste Debret (la páigina nun eisiste)">Jean Batiste Debret</a>, la "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Biaige_Pitoresca_i_St%C3%B3rica_al_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biaige Pitoresca i Stórica al Brasil (la páigina nun eisiste)">Biaige Pitoresca i Stórica al Brasil</a>. Para alhá destas, outras obras falában inda de las tierras récen-çcubiertas, cumo la carta de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crist%C3%B3fe_Colombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristófe Colombo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Colombo</a> als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reis_Cat%C3%B3licos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reis Católicos (la páigina nun eisiste)">Reis Católicos</a>. To esta porduçon escrita lhebantou ua grande polémica acerca de l andígenas. La cuntribuiçon de l missionários jesuítas na América (cumo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolomiu_de_Las_Casas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolomiu de Las Casas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bartolomiu de Las Casas</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padre_Acosta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padre Acosta (la páigina nun eisiste)">Padre Acosta</a>) ajudórun a zambolber la chamada "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorie_de_l_buono_salbaige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorie de l buono salbaige (la páigina nun eisiste)">teorie de l buono salbaige</a>", que bie ls índios cumo detentores dua natureza moral pura, modelo que debie ser assimilado puls oucidentales. Esta teorie defendie la eideia de que cultura más próssima de l stado "natural" serbirieb de remédio als males de la ceblizaçon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L_seclo_XIX">L seclo XIX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Eiditar cacho: L seclo XIX" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: L seclo XIX"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ne l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XIX (la páigina nun eisiste)">Seclo XIX</a>, por buolta de <a href="/w/index.php?title=1840&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1840 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1840</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voucher_de_Perthes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voucher de Perthes (la páigina nun eisiste)">Voucher de Perthes</a> outeliza la palabra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eibolu%C3%A7on_Houmana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiboluçon Houmana (la páigina nun eisiste)">home pré-stórico</a> para çcutir cumo serie sue bida cotidiana, a partir de achados arqueológicos, cumo ferramientas de piedra, cuja eidade se stimaba bastante remota. Más tarde, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=1865&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1865 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1865</a>, John Lhubock reabaliou numerosos dados acerca de la Cultura de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%ADtico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolítico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Eidade de la Piedra</a> i cumpilou ua classeficaçon an que enumeraba las defrenças culturales antre l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%ADtico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolítico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Paleolítico</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neol%C3%ADtico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neolítico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Neolítico</a>. </p><p>Cula publicaçon de dous lhibros, <a href="/wiki/La_Ourige_de_las_Speces" title="La Ourige de las Speces">La Ourige de las Speces</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1859</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_%C3%A7cend%C3%A9ncia_de_l_home&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La çcendéncia de l home (la páigina nun eisiste)">La çcendéncia de l home</a>, an 1871, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> principia la sistematizaçon de la <a href="/wiki/Eibolu%C3%A7on" title="Eiboluçon">teorie eibolucionista</a>. Partindo de la çcusson trazida a a tona por estes pesquisadores, nacie la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Física (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Biológica ó Antropologie Física</a> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_antropologie_eibolucionista">La antropologie eibolucionista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Eiditar cacho: La antropologie eibolucionista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: La antropologie eibolucionista"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marcada pula çcusson eibolucionista, la antropologie de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XIX (la páigina nun eisiste)">Seclo XIX</a> pribilegiou l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwinismo_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwinismo Social (la páigina nun eisiste)">Darwinismo Social</a>, que cunsidraba la sociadade ouropeia de la época cumo l apogeu dun porcesso eibolucionário, an que las sociadades aborígenes éran tenidas cumo eisemplares "más primitibos". Esta bison usaba l cunceito de "ceblizaçon" para classeficar, julgar i, más tarde, justeficar l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom%C3%ADnio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domínio (la páigina nun eisiste)">domínio</a> de outros pobos. Esta maneira de ber l mundo a partir de l cunceito ciblizacional de superior, eignorando las defrenças an relaçon als pobos tenidos cumo anferiores, recibe l nome de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnocentrismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnocentrismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">etnocentrismo</a>. Ye la «Bison <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnocentrismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnocentrismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Etnocéntrica</a>» , l cunceito ouropeu de l home que se atribui l balor de "ciblizado", fazendo crer que ls outros pobos, cumo ls de las Ilhas de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceania (la páigina nun eisiste)">Oceania</a> stában "<i>situados fura de la stória i de la cultura</i>". Esta afirmaçon stá mui persente ne ls scritos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauw (la páigina nun eisiste)">Pauw</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heigel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heigel (la páigina nun eisiste)">Heigel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Teorie">Teorie</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Eiditar cacho: Teorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Teorie"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun fundamiento nestas cuncepçones, las purmeiras grandes obras de la antropologie, cunsiderában, por eisemplo, l andígena de las sociadades nun ouropeias cumo l primitibo, l antecessor de l home ciblizado: afirmando i qualificando l saber antropológico cumo deciplina, centrando l debate ne l modo cumo las formas más simples de ourganizaçon social tenerien eiboluido, d'acuordo cun essa lhinha teórica essas sociadades caminarian para formas más cumplexas cumo las de la sociadade ouropeia. </p><p>Nesta forma de aprender la speriéncia houmana, todas las sociadades, mesmos las çconhecidas, progredirian an ritmos defrentes, seguindo ua lhinha eibolutiba. Esso balizou la eideia de que la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quelonialismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quelonialismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">demanda quelonial</a> serie "ciblizatória", pus lhebarie ls pobos ditos "primitibos" al "progresso tecnológico-científico" de las sociadades tenidas cumo "ciblizadas". Hai que ber estes eiquíbocos cumo parte de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethos (la páigina nun eisiste)">bison de mundo</a> que pretendian stablecer las diretrizes dua lhei ounibersal de zambolbimento. </p><p>Mas nun se puode generalizar i atribuir las caratelísticas arriba a todos ls outores que se aparentórun a essa corriente. Cada outor ten sues prórpias nuances. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durkhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durkhein (la páigina nun eisiste)">Durkhein</a>, por eisemplo, percurou nas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Totemismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Totemismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">manifestaçones totémicas</a> de ls natibos australianos la forma más simples i eilementar de religiosidade, mas nun cul pensamiento enquadrado nua lhinha eibolutiba ciega: se nuossa sociadade era dita más cumplexa el atribuia esso a las dibersas tendéncias de la modernidade de que somos fruito, i la dediculdade de detreminar ua tendéncia pura na nuossa religion, scamoteada por miles de anhos de teologie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Método"><span id="M.C3.A9todo"></span>Método</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Eiditar cacho: Método" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Método"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L método cuncentraba-se nua ancansable cumparaçon de dados, retirados de las sociadades i de sous cuntestos sociales, classeficados d'acuordo cul tipo (relegioso, de parentesco, etc), detreminado pul pesquisador, dados que le serbirian para acumparar las sociadades antre si, fixando-las nun stágio específico, anscrebendo estas speriéncias nua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abordaige_lhinear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abordaige lhinear (la páigina nun eisiste)">abordaige lhinear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacrónica (la páigina nun eisiste)">diacrónica</a>, de modo la que to questume repersentasse ua etapa nua scala eibolutiba, cumo se l própio questume tubisse la finalidade de auxiliar esta eiboluçon. Antendian ls eibolucionistas que ls questumes se demarcában cumo sustáncia, cumo finalidade, ourige, andibidualidade i nun cumo un eilemiento de l tecido social, anterdepedente de sou cuntesto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pensadores">Pensadores</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Eiditar cacho: Pensadores" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pensadores"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bal ressaltar que apesar de la maior parte de ls eibolucionistas tenéren trabalhado an gabinetes, un de l más coincidos pensadores dessa corriente, Lhewis Heinry Morgan, tenie cuntato cun dibersas tribos de l norte de ls Stados Ounidos. Ye absurdo creditar a outores dessa corriente ua cumpilaçones ciega de las culturas houmanas, esso serie ua simplificaçon einorme, a la par que se deixarie de aprobeitar esses studos clássicos de la antropologie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_antropologie_difusionista">La antropologie difusionista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Eiditar cacho: La antropologie difusionista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: La antropologie difusionista"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Difusionista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Difusionista (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Difusionista</a> reagiu al eibolucionismo i fui sue cuntemporánea. Pribilegiaba l antendimiento de la natureza de la cultura, an tenermos de ourige i stenson, dua sociadade la outra. Pa ls difusionistas, l ampréstimo cultural serie un macanismo fundamental de eiboluçon cultural. L difusionismo acraditaba que las defrenças i semelhanças culturales éran cunsequéncia de la tendéncia houmana para eimitar i a absorber traços culturales, cumo se la houmanidade possuísse ua "ounidade psíquica", tal cumo defendeia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastian (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bastian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Repersentantes_i_obras">Repersentantes i obras</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Eiditar cacho: Repersentantes i obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Repersentantes i obras"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Ratzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Ratzel (la páigina nun eisiste)">Friedrich Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafton_Eilliot_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafton Eilliot Smith (la páigina nun eisiste)">Grafton Eilliot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willian_James_Perry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willian James Perry (la páigina nun eisiste)">Willian James Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willian_H._R._Ribers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willian H. R. Ribers (la páigina nun eisiste)">Willian H. R. Ribers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frit%C3%A7_Graebner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritç Graebner (la páigina nun eisiste)">Fritç Graebner</a> - Methode del Ethnologie, 1891</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr._Wilheln_Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fr. Wilheln Schmidt (la páigina nun eisiste)">Fr. Wilheln Schmidt</a>, fundador de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebista_Anthropos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebista Anthropos (la páigina nun eisiste)">rebista Anthropos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L_surgimiento_de_la_"lhinhaige_francesa""><span id="L_surgimiento_de_la_.22lhinhaige_francesa.22"></span>L surgimiento de la "lhinhaige francesa"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Eiditar cacho: L surgimiento de la "lhinhaige francesa"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: L surgimiento de la "lhinhaige francesa""><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durkhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durkhein (la páigina nun eisiste)">Émile Durkhein</a> ampeçan ls fenómenos sociales a ser definidos cumo oubjetos de ambestigaçon socioantropológica i, a partir de la análeze de la publicaçon de Regras de l "Método Sociológico", an 1895, ampeça-se a pensar que ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fato_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fato social (la páigina nun eisiste)">fatos sociales</a> serien mui más cumplexos de l que se pretendia até anton. Ne l final de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XIX (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclo XIX</a>, juntamente cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Mauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Mauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Marcel Mauss</a>, Durkhéin se debruça nas repersentaçones primitibas, studo que culminará na obra "Alguas formas primitibas de classeficaçon", publicada an <a href="/w/index.php?title=1901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1901 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1901</a>. Inaugura-se anton la chamada "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Struturalista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Struturalista (la páigina nun eisiste)">linhaige francesa</a>" na Antropologie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L_seclo_XX">L seclo XX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Eiditar cacho: L seclo XX" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: L seclo XX"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cula publicaçon, de "Las formas eilementares de la bida relegiosa" an <a href="/w/index.php?title=1912&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1912</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durkhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durkhein (la páigina nun eisiste)">Durkhein</a>, inda apegado al debate eibolucionista, çcute la temática de la religion. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Mauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Mauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Marcel Mauss</a> publica cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinri_Hubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinri Hubert (la páigina nun eisiste)">Heinri Hubert</a>, an 1903, la obra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sbo%C3%A7o_dua_teorie_giral_de_la_magie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sboço dua teorie giral de la magie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Sboço dua teorie giral de la magie</a>, adonde frauga l cunceito de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mana (la páigina nun eisiste)">mana</a>. Einicialmente centrada na chamada "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Etnologie</a>", la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Francesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Francesa (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Francesa</a>, arrinca, cumo deciplina de ansino, ne l "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anstitut_d%C2%B4Ethnologie_du_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%C2%B4Homme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anstitut d´Ethnologie du Musée de l´Homme (la páigina nun eisiste)">Anstitut d´Ethnologie du Musée de l´Homme</a>" an Paris, a partir de 1927. Ne l ampeço, la deciplina se binculara al Museu de Stória Natural, porque se cunsidraba la antropologie cumo ua subdeciplina de la stória natural. Inda eisistia un detreminismo biológico, segundo l qual se cunsidraba que las defrenças culturales éran fruito de las defrenças biológicas antre ls homes. </p><p>Ne ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=EUA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EUA (la páigina nun eisiste)">EUA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7_Vuonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franç Vuonas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Franç Vuonas</a> zambolbe la eideia de que cada cultura ten ua stória particular i cunsidraba que la difuson de traços culturales acuntecie an to parte. Nace l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relatibismo_cultural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relatibismo cultural (la páigina nun eisiste)">relatibismo cultural</a>, i la antropologie stende la ambestigaçon al trabalho de campo. Para <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7_Buonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franç Buonas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Buonas</a>, cada cultura starie associada a la sue própia stória. Para cumprender la cultura ye perciso reconstruir la sue própia stória. Surgie l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culturalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culturalismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Culturalismo</a>, tamien coincido cumo Particularismo Stórico. Deste mobimiento surgirieb más tarde la scuola antropológica de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuola_de_la_Cultura_i_Personalidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuola de la Cultura i Personalidade (la páigina nun eisiste)">Cultura i Personalidade</a>. </p><p>Paralelamente a estes mobimentos, na <a href="/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra">Anglaterra</a>, nace l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Funcionalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funcionalismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Funcionalismo</a>, que anfatiza l trabalho de campo (ouserbaçon partecipante). Para sistematizar l coincimiento acerca dua cultura ye perciso aprendé-la na sue totalidade. Para eilaborar esta porduçon anteletual surge la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnografie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnografie (la páigina nun eisiste)">etnografie</a>. Las anstituiçones sociales centralizan l debate, a partir de las funçones que eisercen na manutençon de la totalidade cultural. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_antropologie_funcionalista">La antropologie funcionalista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Eiditar cacho: La antropologie funcionalista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: La antropologie funcionalista"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L <a href="/w/index.php?title=Funcionalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funcionalismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Funcionalismo</a> anspiraba-se na obra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durkhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durkhein (la páigina nun eisiste)">Durkhein</a>. Adbogaba un streito paralelismo antre las sociadades houmanas i ls ourganismos biológicos (na forma de eiboluçon i cunserbaçon) porque an ambos ls causos la harmonia dependerie de la antener-dependéncia funcional de las partes. Las funçones éran analisadas cumo oubrigaçones, nas relaçones sociales. La funçon aguantarie la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strutura_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strutura social (la páigina nun eisiste)">strutura social</a>, permitindo la coeson, fundamental, drento dun sistema de relaçoes sociales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Repersentantes_i_percipales_obras">Repersentantes i percipales obras</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Eiditar cacho: Repersentantes i percipales obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Repersentantes i percipales obras"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronislaw_Malinowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronislaw Malinowski (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bronislaw Malinowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argonautas_de_l_Pac%C3%ADfico_Oucidental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argonautas de l Pacífico Oucidental (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ls Argonautas de l Pacífico Oucidental</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1922&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1922</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronislaw_Malinowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronislaw Malinowski (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bronislaw Malinowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ua_teorie_cient%C3%ADfica_de_la_cultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ua teorie científica de la cultura (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ua teorie científica de la cultura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radcliffe_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radcliffe Brown (la páigina nun eisiste)">Radcliffe Brown</a>, Strutura i funçon na sociadade primitiba - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1952&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1952</a> i Sistemas Políticos Africanos de Parentesco i Casamento, ourg. c/ Daryll Forde - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1950</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eibanes-Pritchard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eibanes-Pritchard (la páigina nun eisiste)">Eibanes-Pritchard</a> Bruxarie, oraclos i magie antre ls Azande - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1937</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ls_Nuer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ls Nuer (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ls Nuer</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1940 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1940</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Firth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Firth (la páigina nun eisiste)">Raymond Firth</a> Nós, ls Tikopia - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1936&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1936</a> (We, The Tikopia) i Eilemientos de ourganizaçon social - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1951&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1951</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Glukman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Glukman (la páigina nun eisiste)">Max Glukman</a> Orde i reblion na África tribal - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1963&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1963</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitor_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitor Turner (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bitor Turner</a> Cisma i cuntinidade nua sociadade africana - (Schisn and Cuntinity in an African Society: La Study of Ndembu Billage Lhife) <a href="/w/index.php?title=1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1957</a> Ed. brasileira 2005, EDUFF; L porcesso ritual - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1969</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Lheach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Lheach (la páigina nun eisiste)">Edmund Lheach</a> - Sistemas políticos de la Alta Birmánia (Political Sistems of Highland Burma: La Study of Kachin Social Struture) - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1954&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1954</a>. Ed. brasileira 1996, EDUSP.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_antropologie_strutural">La antropologie strutural</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Eiditar cacho: La antropologie strutural" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: La antropologie strutural"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Strutural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Strutural (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Strutural</a> nace na década de 40. L sou grande teórico ye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Lh%C3%A9bi-Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Lhébi-Strauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Claude Lhébi-Strauss</a>. Centraliza l debate na eideia de que eisisten regras struturantes de las culturas na mente houmana, i assume que estas regras custroen pares de ouposiçon para ourganizar l sentindo. </p><p>Para fundamentar l debate teórico, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Lh%C3%A9bi-Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Lhébi-Strauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Lhébi-Strauss</a> recorre la dues fuontes percipales: la corriente psicológica criada por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilheln_Wundt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilheln Wundt (la páigina nun eisiste)">Wilheln Wundt</a> i l trabalho rializado ne l campo de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguistica (la páigina nun eisiste)">linguistica</a>, por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand de Saussure (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>, chamado <a href="/w/index.php?title=Struturalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struturalismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Struturalismo</a>. Anfluenciórun nel, inda, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durkhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durkhein (la páigina nun eisiste)">Durkhein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakobson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakobson (la páigina nun eisiste)">Jakobson</a> (teorie lhenguística), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kant (la páigina nun eisiste)">Kant</a> (eidealismo) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Mauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Mauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Marcel Mauss</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Eideias_centrales">Eideias centrales</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Eiditar cacho: Eideias centrales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Eideias centrales"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Para la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Strutural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Strutural (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Strutural</a> las culturas defínen-se cumo sistemas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Signo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signo (la páigina nun eisiste)">signos</a> partilhados i struturados por percípios que stablécen l funcionamiento de l anteleto. An 1949 Lhébi-Strauss publica "Las struturas eilementares de parentesco", obra an que analisa ls aborígenes australianos i, an particular, ls sous sistemas de matrimónio i parentesco. Nesta análeze, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Lh%C3%A9bi-Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Lhébi-Strauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Lhébi-Strauss</a> demunstra que las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alian%C3%A7a(antropologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliança(antropologie) (la páigina nun eisiste)">alianças</a> son más amportantes para la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strutura_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strutura social (la páigina nun eisiste)">strutura social</a> que ls laços de sangre. Tenermos cumo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogamia (la páigina nun eisiste)">sogamia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andogamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andogamia (la páigina nun eisiste)">andogamia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alian%C3%A7a(antropologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliança(antropologie) (la páigina nun eisiste)">aliança</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunsaguinidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cunsaguinidade (la páigina nun eisiste)">cunsaguinidade</a> passan a fazer parte de las preocupaçones etnográficas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Outores_i_obras">Outores i obras</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Eiditar cacho: Outores i obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outores i obras"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Lhebi_Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Lhebi Strauss (la páigina nun eisiste)">Claude Lhebi Strauss</a> <ul><li>Las struturas eilementares de l parentesco - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1949</a>.</li> <li>Tristes Trópicos - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1955&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1955</a>.</li> <li>Pensamiento salbaige - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1962</a>.</li> <li>Antropologie strutural - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1958</a></li> <li>Antropologie estrutural dous - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1973&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1973</a></li> <li>L crudo i l cozido - <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a></li> <li>L home nu - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1971&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1971</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9bi-Bruhl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lébi-Bruhl (la páigina nun eisiste)">Lébi-Bruhl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Griaule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Griaule (la páigina nun eisiste)">Marcel Griaule</a> <ul><li>Dieux d´Eau</li></ul></li> <li>Marcel Griaule i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaine_Dieterlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaine Dieterlen (la páigina nun eisiste)">Germaine Dieterlen</a> <ul><li>Le Renard Pále</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L_particularismo_stórico"><span id="L_particularismo_st.C3.B3rico"></span>L particularismo stórico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Eiditar cacho: L particularismo stórico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=20" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: L particularismo stórico"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tamien coincida cumo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culturalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culturalismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Culturalismo</a>, esta scuola amaricano, defendida por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7_Buonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franç Buonas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Franç Buonas</a>, rejeita, de maneira marcante, l eibolucionismo que dominou la antropologie durante la purmeira metade de l seclo XX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Percipales_eideias">Percipales eideias</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Eiditar cacho: Percipales eideias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=21" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Percipales eideias"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La çcusson desta corriente gira an torno de la eideia de que cada cultura ten ua stória particular i de que la difuson cultural se porcessoa an bárias direçones. Cria-se l cunceito de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relatibismo_cultural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relatibismo cultural (la páigina nun eisiste)">relatibismo cultural</a>, bendo tamien la eiboluçon cumo fenómeno que puode decorrer de l stado más simples pa l más cumplexo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Repersentantes">Repersentantes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Eiditar cacho: Repersentantes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=22" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Repersentantes"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7_Vuonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franç Vuonas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Franç Vuonas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Wissler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Wissler (la páigina nun eisiste)">C. Wissler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La._Kroeber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La. Kroeber (la páigina nun eisiste)">La. Kroeber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Lhowie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Lhowie (la páigina nun eisiste)">R. Lhowie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_scuola_de_cultura_i_personalidade">La scuola de cultura i personalidade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Eiditar cacho: La scuola de cultura i personalidade" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=23" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: La scuola de cultura i personalidade"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Criada por studiosas amaricanos, díscípulos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7_Buonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franç Buonas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Franç Buonas</a>, anfluenciadas pula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psican%C3%A1leze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psicanáleze (la páigina nun eisiste)">Psicanáleze</a> i pula obra de <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzche</a>, esta scuola cuncebe la cultura cumo detentora dua "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Personalidade_de_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Personalidade de base (la páigina nun eisiste)">Personalidade de base</a>", partilhada por todos ls nembros. Stablece ua tipologie cultural. Haberie culturas: dionisíacas (centradas ne l stáse) i apolíneas (struturadas ne l deseio de moderaçon); pré-figuratibas, pós-figuratibas, co-figuratibas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Repersentantes_2">Repersentantes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Eiditar cacho: Repersentantes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=24" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Repersentantes"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Benedit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Benedit (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ruth Benedit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Mead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Mead (la páigina nun eisiste)">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griegory_Bateson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griegory Bateson (la páigina nun eisiste)">Griegory Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Lhinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Lhinton (la páigina nun eisiste)">R. Lhinton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La._Kardiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La. Kardiner (la páigina nun eisiste)">La. Kardiner</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_antropologie_anterpretatiba">La antropologie anterpretatiba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Eiditar cacho: La antropologie anterpretatiba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=25" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: La antropologie anterpretatiba"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun cerca de binte lhibros publicados, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gert%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Gertç (la páigina nun eisiste)">Clifford Gertç</a> ye probablemiente, depuis de Claude Lhébi-Strauss, l antropólogo cujas eideias causórun maior ampato na segunda metade de l <a href="/wiki/Seclo_XX" title="Seclo XX">seclo XX</a>, nun solo ne l que se refre a la própia teorie i a la prática antropológica mas tamien fura de sue ária, an deciplinas cumo la <a href="/wiki/Psicologie" title="Psicologie">psicologie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3ria" title="Stória">stória</a> i la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorie_lhiter%C3%A1ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorie lhiterária (la páigina nun eisiste)">teorie lhiterária</a>. Cunsidrado l fundador dua de las bertentes de la antropologie cuntemporánea - la chamada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Anterpretatiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Anterpretatiba (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Heirmenéutica ó Anterpretatiba</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gert%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Gertç (la páigina nun eisiste)">Gertç</a>, graduado an <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a>, anglés, antes de migrar pa l debate antropológico, oubtebe sou <a href="/w/index.php?title=PhD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PhD (la páigina nun eisiste)">PhD</a> an Antropologie an <a href="/w/index.php?title=1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1956</a> i zde anton cunduziu stensas pesquisas de campo, nas quales se fundamentan sous lhibros, scritos eissencialmente sob la forma de ansaio. Las sues percipales pesquisas fúrun feitas na <a href="/wiki/Andon%C3%A9sia" title="Andonésia">Andonésia</a> i an <a href="/wiki/Marrocos" title="Marrocos">Marrocos</a>. Zeiludiu-se cula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metodologie_antropol%C3%B3gica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metodologie antropológica (la páigina nun eisiste)">metodologie antropológica</a>, para <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gert%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Gertç (la páigina nun eisiste)">Gertç</a> scessibamente abstrata i de cierta forma çtanciada de la rialidade ancontrada ne l campo, l que l lhebou a eilaborar un método nuobo de análeze de las anformaçones oubtidas antre las sociadades que studaba. Sou purmeiro estudo tenie por oubjetibo antender la religion an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaba_(ilha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaba (ilha) (la páigina nun eisiste)">Jaba</a>. </p><p>Por fin fui ancapaç de se restringir a solo un aspeto daquela sociadade, que el achaba que nun poder ser stirpado i analisado separadamente de l resto, çconsiderando, antre outras cousas, la própia passaige de l tiempo. Fui assi que el chegou al que depuis fui apelidada de antropologie heirmenéutica. Sue tese ampeça defendendo l studo de "quien las pessonas de detreminada formaçon cultural áchan que son, l que eilhas fázen i por que rezones eilhas crénen que fázen l que fázen". </p><p>Ua de las metáforas preferidas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gert%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Gertç (la páigina nun eisiste)">Gertç</a>, para definir l que fazerá la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Anterpretatiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Anterpretatiba (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Anterpretatiba</a>, ye la lheitura de las sociadades anquanto testos ó cumo análogas a testos. La anterpretaçon acuntece an todos ls momientos de l studo, de la lheitura de l "testo", pleno de seneficado, que ye la sociadade na scrita de l testo/ansaio de l antropólogo, por sue beç anterpretado por aqueilhes que nun passórun pulas speriéncias de l outor de l testo scrito. Todos ls eilemientos de la cultura analisada dében antoce ser antendidos a la luç desta textualidade, eimanente a la rialidade cultural. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Eideias_centrales_2">Eideias centrales</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Eiditar cacho: Eideias centrales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=26" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Eideias centrales"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Anterpretatiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Anterpretatiba (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Anterpretatiba</a> analisa la cultura cumo hierarquia de seneficados, pretendendo que la etnografie seia ua "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87cri%C3%A7on_densa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çcriçon densa (la páigina nun eisiste)">çcriçon densa</a>", de anterpretaçon scrita i cuja análeze ye possible por meio dua anspiraçon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heirmen%C3%A9utica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heirmenéutica (la páigina nun eisiste)">heirmenéutica</a>. Ye crucial a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leitura_de_la_lheitura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leitura de la lheitura (la páigina nun eisiste)">leitura de la lheitura</a> que ls "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Natibos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natibos (la páigina nun eisiste)">natibos</a>" fázen de sue própia cultura </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Repersentantes_i_obras_2">Repersentantes i obras</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Eiditar cacho: Repersentantes i obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=27" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Repersentantes i obras"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gert%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Gertç (la páigina nun eisiste)">Gertç</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouserbando_l_Eislan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouserbando l Eislan (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ouserbando l Eislan</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1968</a> Ed. brasileira 2004</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_anterpreta%C3%A7on_de_las_culturas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La anterpretaçon de las culturas (la páigina nun eisiste)">La anterpretaçon de las culturas</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1973&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1973</a>. Ed. brasileira 1979 (cundensada)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saber_lhocal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saber lhocal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Saber lhocal</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1983</a> Ed. brasileira 2004</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuoba_Lu%C3%A7_Subre_la_Antropologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuoba Luç Subre la Antropologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Nuoba Luç Subre la Antropologie</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 (la páigina nun eisiste)">2000</a> Ed. brasileira 2001</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antropologie_de_las_Emoçones"><span id="Antropologie_de_las_Emo.C3.A7ones"></span>Antropologie de las Emoçones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Eiditar cacho: Antropologie de las Emoçones" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=28" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Antropologie de las Emoçones"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_de_las_Emo%C3%A7ones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie de las Emoçones (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie de las Emoçones</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antropologie_bisual">Antropologie bisual</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Eiditar cacho: Antropologie bisual" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=29" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Antropologie bisual"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Visual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Visual (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Visual</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antropologie_de_la_Eimaige">Antropologie de la Eimaige</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Eiditar cacho: Antropologie de la Eimaige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=30" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Antropologie de la Eimaige"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_de_la_Eimaige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie de la Eimaige (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie de la Eimaige</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antropologie_Bisual_i_de_la_Eimaige">Antropologie Bisual i de la Eimaige</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Eiditar cacho: Antropologie Bisual i de la Eimaige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=31" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Antropologie Bisual i de la Eimaige"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_Bisual_i_de_la_Eimaige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie Bisual i de la Eimaige (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie Bisual i de la Eimaige</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antropologie_Médica_i_de_la_Salude"><span id="Antropologie_M.C3.A9dica_i_de_la_Salude"></span>Antropologie Médica i de la Salude</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Eiditar cacho: Antropologie Médica i de la Salude" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=32" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Antropologie Médica i de la Salude"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_de_la_Salude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie de la Salude (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie de la Salude</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outros_mobimentos">Outros mobimentos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Eiditar cacho: Outros mobimentos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=33" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outros mobimentos"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outros mobimientos seneficatibos, na stória de l seclo XX, para la teorie Antropológica fúrun las scuolas Cognitiba, Simbólica i Marxista. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Debates_pós-modernos"><span id="Debates_p.C3.B3s-modernos"></span>Debates pós-modernos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Eiditar cacho: Debates pós-modernos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=34" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Debates pós-modernos"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na década de 80, l debate téorico na Antropologie ganhou nuobas dimensones. Muitas críticas a todas las scuolas surgiran, questionando l método i las cuncepçones antropológicas. Ne l giral, este debate pribilegiou alguas eideias: la purmeira deilhas ye que la rialidade ye siempre anterpretada, ó seia, bista sob ua perspetiba subjetiba de l outor, antoce la antropologie serie ua anterpretaçon de anterpretaçones. De la crítica de las retóricas de outoridade clássicas, fuortemente anfluenciada puls studos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foucault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foucault (la páigina nun eisiste)">Foucault</a>, surge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaetnografies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaetnografies (la páigina nun eisiste)">metaetnografies</a>, ó seia, la análeze antropológica de la própia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnografie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnografie (la páigina nun eisiste)">produçon etnográfica</a>. Cuntribuiu mui para esta çcusson la formaçon de antropólogos ne ls países que anton éran analisados solo puls grandes centros antropológicos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Eideias_centrales_3">Eideias centrales</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Eiditar cacho: Eideias centrales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=35" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Eideias centrales"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pribilegie la çcusson acerca de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=An%C3%A1leze_de_l_%C3%A7curso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Análeze de l çcurso (la páigina nun eisiste)">çcurso</a> antropológico, mediado puls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recursos_ret%C3%B3ricos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recursos retóricos (la páigina nun eisiste)">recursos retóricos</a> persentes ne l modelo de las etnografies.</li> <li>Politiza la relaçon ouserbador-ouserbado na pesquisa antropológica, questionando la outelizaçon de l "poder" de l etnógrafo subre l "natibo".</li> <li>Crítica de ls paradigmas teóricos i de la "outoridade etnográfica" de l antropólogo. La pregunta eissencial ye:'<i>quien rialmente fala an etnografie?</i> L natibo? Ó l natibo bisto pul prisma de l etnógrafo?</li> <li>La etnografie passa a ser zambolbida cumo ua repersentaçon polifónica de la polissemia cultural, i neilha deberian star claramente persentes las bozes de l bários <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anformantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anformantes (la páigina nun eisiste)">anformantes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Percipales_repersentantes_i_obras">Percipales repersentantes i obras</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Eiditar cacho: Percipales repersentantes i obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=36" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Percipales repersentantes i obras"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clifford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Clifford (la páigina nun eisiste)">James Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Marcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Marcus (la páigina nun eisiste)">Georges Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Rabinow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Rabinow (la páigina nun eisiste)">Paul Rabinow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._Tedlock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. Tedlock (la páigina nun eisiste)">D. Tedlock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Price&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Price (la páigina nun eisiste)">Richard Price</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Taussig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Taussig (la páigina nun eisiste)">Michel Taussig</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xamanismo,_Quelonialismo_i_l_Home_Salbaige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xamanismo, Quelonialismo i l Home Salbaige (la páigina nun eisiste)">Xamanismo, Quelonialismo i l Home Salbaige</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1987</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Árias_de_studo_an_Antropologie"><span id=".C3.81rias_de_studo_an_Antropologie"></span>Árias de studo an Antropologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Eiditar cacho: Árias de studo an Antropologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=37" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Árias de studo an Antropologie"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81rias_de_studo_an_Antropologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Árias de studo an Antropologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Árias de studo an Antropologie</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cunceitos_i_métodos_de_la_Antropologie"><span id="Cunceitos_i_m.C3.A9todos_de_la_Antropologie"></span>Cunceitos i métodos de la Antropologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Eiditar cacho: Cunceitos i métodos de la Antropologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=38" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Cunceitos i métodos de la Antropologie"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunceitos_i_M%C3%A9todos_de_la_Antropologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cunceitos i Métodos de la Antropologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">Cunceitos i Métodos de la Antropologie</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refréncias"><span id="Refr.C3.A9ncias"></span>Refréncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Eiditar cacho: Refréncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie&action=edit&section=39" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Refréncias"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nunes, Rossano Carbalho (2007) "Anthopology" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpberitas.org/portal/andex.php?oution=cun_cuntent&biew=article&id=54&Itemid=63">Anstituto Grupo Beritas de Pesquisa an Stória i Antropologie</a><sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biquip%C3%A9dia:Lhiga%C3%A7on_einatiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biquipédia:Lhigaçon einatiba (la páigina nun eisiste)"><i>[lhigaçon einatiba]</i></a></sup></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img 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