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style="background-image:url('https://a.storyblok.grants.gov/f/21/7952x2458/3567732185/learn-grants-banner.jpg/m/1920x0');"></div></div></div><div class="grid-container maxw-full"><div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"><div class="desktop:grid-col-3 tablet:grid-col-3 mobile-lg:grid-col-12 grid-col-12 gg-side-bar"><div class="grid-row padding-0" data-v-aff1acbf><div class="grid-col-12" data-v-aff1acbf><ul class="usa-list margin-0 margin-top-4 border-1 border-width-1px padding-6 border-base-light radius-lg" data-v-aff1acbf><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grants-101/" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grants 101</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a aria-current="page" href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Policies</a><ul class="usa-list" data-v-aff1acbf><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/who-s-who-in-the-federal-grant-policy" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Who's Who in the Federal Grant Policy</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/omb-grant-memoranda" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>OMB Grant Memoranda</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/gone-act-2016" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>GONE Act (2016)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/omb-uniform-guidance-2014" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>OMB Uniform Guidance (2014)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/data-act-2014" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>DATA Act (2014)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/executive-order-13576-2011" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Executive Order 13576 (2011)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/recovery-act-2009" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Recovery Act (2009)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/ffata-act-2006" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>FFATA Act (2006)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/public-law-106-107-1999" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Public Law 106-107 (1999)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/single-audit-act-amendments-1996" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Single Audit Act Amendments (1996)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/lobbying-disclosure-act-1995" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995)</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/federal-grant-and-cooperative-agreement-act-1977" class="" data-v-aff1acbf>Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (1977)</a></li></ul></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-eligibility" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Eligibility</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-terminology" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Terminology</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-making-agencies" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant-Making Agencies</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-systems" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Systems</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-programs" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Programs</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-careers" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Careers</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-reporting" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Reporting</a></li><li data-v-aff1acbf><a href="/learn-grants/grant-fraud/" class="text-bold" data-v-aff1acbf>Grant Fraud</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 tablet:grid-col-6 mobile-lg:grid-col-12 grid-col-12 gg-main-content"><div><h1 tabindex="0" class="text-uppercase text-ls-neg-3 margin-0 margin-top-4 text-gray-90">Grant Policies</h1></div><div data-v-93644d33><h2 class="margin-0 padding-0 margin-top-4" data-v-93644d33> A Short History of Federal Grant Policy</h2><div class="gg-text margin-top-4" data-v-93644d33><p>Billions of dollars in Federal grants are awarded each year for programs and projects that benefit the public. This assistance is rooted in the Constitution and its call to "promote the general Welfare."</p><p>It wasn't until the 1970's, however, that Federal grant policy began to evolve into what it is today. In the 70's, Congressional lawmakers responded to reports that Federal agencies were using assistance awards, or grants, to pay for services. In doing so, they could side-step competition and procurement rules normally associated with government contracting.</p><p>The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act, passed in 1977, set out to guide government agencies in their use of Federal funds – particularly by defining the roles of contracts, cooperative agreements, and grants. Contracts, the law states, should be awarded when a Federal agency is acquiring something – an improved computer network, for example. Grants and cooperative agreements, meanwhile, should be awarded when a Federal agency is providing assistance, such as funding for a lower-income housing program in an at-risk urban community.</p><p>To help with the implementation of the law, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) published guidance in 1978 directing agencies to ensure that grants funds be used only for assistance-based programs and projects.</p><h3>Policy Formation</h3><p>Since the 1970's, subsequent grant-related legislation has helped to further develop Federal grant policy. It works much like it did in 1977 and 1978: Congress creates the grant-related laws and regulations.</p><p>The Executive Office of the President – of which OMB is part – helps to implement the laws through Executive Orders and Guidance that define administrative rules.</p><p>Finally, the grant-making agencies create internal and external policies and procedures based on the OMB guidance. (See chart.) These agency-specific policies for award recipients do not carry the weight of law, though they may be required of award recipients if they are listed in the Notice of Award.</p><h3>How Grant Policies Are Made</h3><p>When a new law is added to the books, that is only the beginning.</p></div></div><div><div><table class="usa-table usa-table--borderless"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col"> <strong>Legal Hierarchy</strong> </td> <th scope="col"> <strong>Key Roles</strong> </td> <th scope="col"> <strong>Example</strong> </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>STAGE 1<br> Statutes Regulations</strong> </td> <td> Congress appropriates funds to Federal agencies and passes other grant-related legislation </td> <td> <u>2014</u>: Congress passes DATA Act, which directs that all Federal award data be accessible to the public on a single website </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>STAGE 2<br> Executive Orders Memoranda Circulars</strong> </td> <td> Executive Office of the President issues guidance for implementing the legislation </td> <td> <u>2015</u>: Executive Office of the President creates task force and launches pilot program to determine how DATA Act will be implemented </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>STAGE 3<br> Administrative Policies & Procedures</strong> </td> <td> Grant-making agencies develop administrative policies based on guidance </td> <td> <u>2017</u>: Agencies adjust their  internal and external  policies to the final  guidance issued by the Executive Office of the President </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div><div data-v-93644d33><div class="gg-text margin-top-4" data-v-93644d33><h3>Key Legislation</h3><p>Other legislation has addressed everything from lobbying efforts to auditing requirements, to reporting procedures, to transparency and cross-agency data-sharing.</p><p>The OMB – along with other bodies – has continued to play an important role in interpreting and implementing the laws among the Federal government's awarding agencies. Today's current grant policies have been largely shaped by a range of statutes, regulations, Executive Orders and guidance.</p><p>To learn more about current grant policies, click below for summaries of the laws and their intended impact, beginning with the most recent:</p><ul><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/omb-uniform-guidance-2014" uuid="b987397d-f4f1-4473-9c60-728acb47b750" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Office of Management and Budget Uniform Guidance (2014)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/data-act-2014" uuid="b45674f0-bffa-42d5-85f0-beb75aa66902" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">DATA Act (2014)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/executive-order-13576-2011" uuid="f47e80f1-528d-4053-a17a-286d342f125f" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Executive Order 13576 (2011)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/recovery-act-2009" uuid="f83e303f-7bdf-4b15-9f48-2186ee841001" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/ffata-act-2006" uuid="80996412-75f6-40d3-983d-b62367a2266b" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act (2006)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/public-law-106-107-1999" uuid="7d958d15-c29e-4953-97ac-78b781280d11" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Public Law 106-107 (1999)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/single-audit-act-amendments-1996" uuid="7e77dcdb-07ca-4237-ab37-ff9f516491fa" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/lobbying-disclosure-act-1995" uuid="6e9da991-4574-4e1c-af64-e67b05671b08" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/federal-grant-and-cooperative-agreement-act-1977" uuid="d14d82ac-4d45-44c1-87c7-af3725428c06" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (1977)</a></p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-3 tablet:grid-col-3 mobile-lg:grid-col-12 grid-col-12 gg-side-bar"><div class="margin-top-4 border-top-2px border-secondary gg-text gg-side-callout"><h3>OMB Uniform Guidance</h3><p>Review the <a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/omb-uniform-guidance-2014" uuid="b987397d-f4f1-4473-9c60-728acb47b750" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Uniform Guidance</a> page or check out the <a href="https://cfo.gov/grants/" target="_blank" linktype="url" class="usa-link">CFO training resources</a> for the latest grants guidance. </p></div><div class="margin-top-4 border-top-2px border-secondary gg-text gg-side-callout"><h3>Grant Policy News</h3><p>Read about <a href="http://blog.grants.gov/category/grant-policy/" target="_blank" linktype="url" class="usa-link">news and updates to federal grant policy</a> on the Grants.gov Community Blog.</p></div><div class="margin-top-4 border-top-2px border-secondary gg-text gg-side-callout"><h3>Policy Timeline</h3><ul><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/federal-grant-and-cooperative-agreement-act-1977" uuid="d14d82ac-4d45-44c1-87c7-af3725428c06" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (1977)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/lobbying-disclosure-act-1995" uuid="6e9da991-4574-4e1c-af64-e67b05671b08" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/single-audit-act-amendments-1996" uuid="7e77dcdb-07ca-4237-ab37-ff9f516491fa" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Single Audit Act Amendments (1996)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/public-law-106-107-1999" uuid="7d958d15-c29e-4953-97ac-78b781280d11" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Public Law 106-107 (1999)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/ffata-act-2006" uuid="80996412-75f6-40d3-983d-b62367a2266b" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act (2006)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/recovery-act-2009" uuid="f83e303f-7bdf-4b15-9f48-2186ee841001" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/executive-order-13576-2011" uuid="f47e80f1-528d-4053-a17a-286d342f125f" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Executive Order 13576 (2011)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/data-act-2014" uuid="b45674f0-bffa-42d5-85f0-beb75aa66902" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">DATA Act (2014)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="/learn-grants/grant-policies/omb-uniform-guidance-2014" uuid="b987397d-f4f1-4473-9c60-728acb47b750" target="_self" linktype="story" class="usa-link">Office of Management and Budget Uniform Guidance (2014)</a></p></li></ul></div><div class="margin-top-4 border-top-2px border-secondary gg-text gg-side-callout"><h3>Policy Infographic</h3><p><a href="https://a.storyblok.grants.gov/f/21/1250x1100/5535038464/infographic-making-grant-policies.png" target="_blank" linktype="asset" class="usa-link"><span style="background-color:#F80C0C;"><img alt="" src="https://a.storyblok.grants.gov/f/21/1250x1100/5535038464/infographic-making-grant-policies.png" title="" / tabindex="0"></span></a></p></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--big margin-top-6" data-v-7ab28c51><div class="grid-container usa-footer__return-to-top maxw-full" data-v-7ab28c51><a href="#" data-v-7ab28c51>Return to top</a></div><div class="usa-footer__primary-section 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Unsaved changes will be lost. </p></div><div class="usa-modal__footer"><ul class="usa-button-group"><li class="usa-button-group__item"><button onclick="const eventExtendSession = new Event('eventExtendSession'); document.dispatchEvent(eventExtendSession)" type="button" class="usa-button" data-close-modal> Ok </button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a id="gg-timeout-modal-btn" href="#gg-timeout-modal" class="usa-button display-none" aria-controls="gg-timeout-modal" data-open-modal>Open default modal</a></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":420,"_errors":423,"serverRendered":387,"path":424},{"{\"version\":\"published\"}learn-grants/grant-policies/-asyncdata":3},{"data":4,"headers":396},{"story":5,"cv":393,"rels":394,"links":395},{"name":6,"created_at":7,"published_at":8,"id":9,"uuid":10,"content":11,"slug":383,"full_slug":384,"sort_by_date":112,"position":385,"tag_list":386,"is_startpage":387,"parent_id":388,"meta_data":112,"group_id":389,"first_published_at":390,"release_id":112,"lang":391,"path":112,"alternates":392,"default_full_slug":112,"translated_slugs":112},"Grant Policies","2024-11-12T03:53:13.581Z","2023-10-18T20:18:34.000Z",228485,"7c66c7ac-de31-4fe4-8121-acaddae4d0da",{"_uid":12,"body":13,"header":203,"sidebar":217,"component":378,"left_sidebar":379},"2a4dfc7a-b9ce-487c-b250-961bc0eda50f",[14,17,71,75],{"_uid":15,"header":6,"component":16},"9911b7fa-0330-4e8d-9379-54c82d39891f","page-header",{"_uid":18,"lead":19,"text":20,"headline":69,"component":70},"9574230a-e495-407b-afe4-843b9d130e22","",{"type":21,"content":22},"doc",[23,29,33,37,41,48,52,56,60,65],{"type":24,"content":25},"paragraph",[26],{"text":27,"type":28},"Billions of dollars in Federal grants are awarded each year for programs and projects that benefit the public. This assistance is rooted in the Constitution and its call to \"promote the general Welfare.\"","text",{"type":24,"content":30},[31],{"text":32,"type":28},"It wasn't until the 1970's, however, that Federal grant policy began to evolve into what it is today. In the 70's, Congressional lawmakers responded to reports that Federal agencies were using assistance awards, or grants, to pay for services. In doing so, they could side-step competition and procurement rules normally associated with government contracting.",{"type":24,"content":34},[35],{"text":36,"type":28},"The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act, passed in 1977, set out to guide government agencies in their use of Federal funds – particularly by defining the roles of contracts, cooperative agreements, and grants. Contracts, the law states, should be awarded when a Federal agency is acquiring something – an improved computer network, for example. Grants and cooperative agreements, meanwhile, should be awarded when a Federal agency is providing assistance, such as funding for a lower-income housing program in an at-risk urban community.",{"type":24,"content":38},[39],{"text":40,"type":28},"To help with the implementation of the law, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) published guidance in 1978 directing agencies to ensure that grants funds be used only for assistance-based programs and projects.",{"type":42,"attrs":43,"content":45},"heading",{"level":44},3,[46],{"text":47,"type":28},"Policy Formation",{"type":24,"content":49},[50],{"text":51,"type":28},"Since the 1970's, subsequent grant-related legislation has helped to further develop Federal grant policy. It works much like it did in 1977 and 1978: Congress creates the grant-related laws and regulations.",{"type":24,"content":53},[54],{"text":55,"type":28},"The Executive Office of the President – of which OMB is part – helps to implement the laws through Executive Orders and Guidance that define administrative rules.",{"type":24,"content":57},[58],{"text":59,"type":28},"Finally, the grant-making agencies create internal and external policies and procedures based on the OMB guidance. (See chart.) These agency-specific policies for award recipients do not carry the weight of law, though they may be required of award recipients if they are listed in the Notice of Award.",{"type":42,"attrs":61,"content":62},{"level":44},[63],{"text":64,"type":28},"How Grant Policies Are Made",{"type":24,"content":66},[67],{"text":68,"type":28},"When a new law is added to the books, that is only the beginning."," A Short History of Federal Grant Policy","body-content",{"_uid":72,"html":73,"component":74},"e0099396-7d88-426d-bb39-eb3cff1f20ae","\u003Ctable class=\"usa-table usa-table--borderless\">\n \u003Cthead>\n \u003Ctr>\n \u003Cth scope=\"col\">\n \u003Cstrong>Legal Hierarchy\u003C/strong>\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Cth scope=\"col\">\n \u003Cstrong>Key Roles\u003C/strong>\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Cth scope=\"col\">\n \u003Cstrong>Example\u003C/strong>\n \u003C/td>\n \u003C/tr>\n \u003C/thead>\n \u003Ctbody>\n \u003Ctr>\n \u003Ctd>\n \u003Cstrong>STAGE 1\u003Cbr>\n Statutes Regulations\u003C/strong>\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Ctd>\n Congress appropriates funds to Federal agencies and passes other grant-related legislation\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Ctd>\n \u003Cu>2014\u003C/u>: Congress passes DATA Act, which directs that all Federal award data be accessible to the public on a single website\n \u003C/td>\n \u003C/tr>\n \u003Ctr>\n \u003Ctd>\n \u003Cstrong>STAGE 2\u003Cbr>\n Executive Orders Memoranda Circulars\u003C/strong>\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Ctd>\n Executive Office of the President issues guidance for implementing the legislation\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Ctd>\n \u003Cu>2015\u003C/u>: Executive Office of the President creates task force and launches pilot program to determine how DATA Act will be implemented\n \u003C/td>\n \u003C/tr>\n \u003Ctr>\n \u003Ctd>\n \u003Cstrong>STAGE 3\u003Cbr>\n Administrative Policies & Procedures\u003C/strong>\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Ctd>\n Grant-making agencies develop administrative policies based on guidance\n \u003C/td>\n \u003Ctd>\n \u003Cu>2017\u003C/u>: Agencies adjust their  internal and external  policies to the final  guidance issued by the Executive Office of the President\n \u003C/td>\n \u003C/tr>\n \u003C/tbody>\n\u003C/table>\n","html-block",{"_uid":76,"lead":19,"text":77,"headline":19,"component":70},"38832995-f2a0-4c08-b2e9-5e0d9540b164",{"type":21,"content":78},[79,84,88,92,96],{"type":42,"attrs":80,"content":81},{"level":44},[82],{"text":83,"type":28},"Key Legislation",{"type":24,"content":85},[86],{"text":87,"type":28},"Other legislation has addressed everything from lobbying efforts to auditing requirements, to reporting procedures, to transparency and cross-agency data-sharing.",{"type":24,"content":89},[90],{"text":91,"type":28},"The OMB – along with other bodies – has continued to play an important role in interpreting and implementing the laws among the Federal government's awarding agencies. 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