Translation Disclaimer

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Translation Disclaimer</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/globalassets/proquest/media/global/header/favicon-96x96-1.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/translation-disclaimer/" /> <meta name="description" content="Translation Disclaimer" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Translation Disclaimer" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Translation Disclaimer" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Translation Disclaimer" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/translation-disclaimer/" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/dist/css/main.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/tlb0yen.css" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="noarchive" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="8-3YwW-BOTL0Foq7lYxUQJ9D6_Hpf_5m5s3y5Xffeus" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="FWNeqHLHSSNFUtJw-3TtCXOR98_j6dMDuHJFo097RTw" /> <meta name="facebook-verification" content="w10c8vslhbk5vbmlg6wcyq1iwziucg" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="B54EC5676FB4AB75038E53E1B4842433" /> <style type="text/css"> body { display: inline-block; width: 100%; } </style>   <script> !function(T,l,y){var S=T.location,k="script",D="instrumentationKey",C="ingestionendpoint",I="disableExceptionTracking",E="ai.device.",b="toLowerCase",w="crossOrigin",N="POST",e="appInsightsSDK",t=y.name||"appInsights";(y.name||T[e])&&(T[e]=t);var n=T[t]||function(d){var g=!1,f=!1,m={initialize:!0,queue:[],sv:"5",version:2,config:d};function v(e,t){var n={},a="Browser";return n[E+"id"]=a[b](),n[E+"type"]=a,n["ai.operation.name"]=S&&S.pathname||"_unknown_",n["ai.internal.sdkVersion"]="javascript:snippet_"+(m.sv||m.version),{time:function(){var e=new Date;function t(e){var t=""+e;return 1===t.length&&(t="0"+t),t}return e.getUTCFullYear()+"-"+t(1+e.getUTCMonth())+"-"+t(e.getUTCDate())+"T"+t(e.getUTCHours())+":"+t(e.getUTCMinutes())+":"+t(e.getUTCSeconds())+"."+((e.getUTCMilliseconds()/1e3).toFixed(3)+"").slice(2,5)+"Z"}(),iKey:e,name:"Microsoft.ApplicationInsights."+e.replace(/-/g,"")+"."+t,sampleRate:100,tags:n,data:{baseData:{ver:2}}}}var h=d.url||y.src;if(h){function a(e){var t,n,a,i,r,o,s,c,u,p,l;g=!0,m.queue=[],f||(f=!0,t=h,s=function(){var e={},t=d.connectionString;if(t)for(var n=t.split(";"),a=0;a<n.length;a++){var i=n[a].split("=");2===i.length&&(e[i[0][b]()]=i[1])}if(!e[C]){var r=e.endpointsuffix,o=r?e.location:null;e[C]="https://"+(o?o+".":"")+"dc."+(r||"services.visualstudio.com")}return e}(),c=s[D]||d[D]||"",u=s[C],p=u?u+"/v2/track":d.endpointUrl,(l=[]).push((n="SDK LOAD Failure: Failed to load Application Insights SDK script (See stack for details)",a=t,i=p,(o=(r=v(c,"Exception")).data).baseType="ExceptionData",o.baseData.exceptions=[{typeName:"SDKLoadFailed",message:n.replace(/\./g,"-"),hasFullStack:!1,stack:n+"\nSnippet failed to load ["+a+"] -- Telemetry is disabled\nHelp Link: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2128109\nHost: "+(S&&S.pathname||"_unknown_")+"\nEndpoint: "+i,parsedStack:[]}],r)),l.push(function(e,t,n,a){var i=v(c,"Message"),r=i.data;r.baseType="MessageData";var o=r.baseData;return o.message='AI (Internal): 99 message:"'+("SDK LOAD Failure: Failed to load Application Insights SDK script (See stack for details) ("+n+")").replace(/\"/g,"")+'"',o.properties={endpoint:a},i}(0,0,t,p)),function(e,t){if(JSON){var n=T.fetch;if(n&&!y.useXhr)n(t,{method:N,body:JSON.stringify(e),mode:"cors"});else if(XMLHttpRequest){var a=new XMLHttpRequest;a.open(N,t),a.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/json"),a.send(JSON.stringify(e))}}}(l,p))}function i(e,t){f||setTimeout(function(){!t&&m.core||a()},500)}var e=function(){var n=l.createElement(k);n.src=h;var e=y[w];return!e&&""!==e||"undefined"==n[w]||(n[w]=e),n.onload=i,n.onerror=a,n.onreadystatechange=function(e,t){"loaded"!==n.readyState&&"complete"!==n.readyState||i(0,t)},n}();y.ld<0?l.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(e):setTimeout(function(){l.getElementsByTagName(k)[0].parentNode.appendChild(e)},y.ld||0)}try{m.cookie=l.cookie}catch(p){}function t(e){for(;e.length;)!function(t){m[t]=function(){var e=arguments;g||m.queue.push(function(){m[t].apply(m,e)})}}(e.pop())}var n="track",r="TrackPage",o="TrackEvent";t([n+"Event",n+"PageView",n+"Exception",n+"Trace",n+"DependencyData",n+"Metric",n+"PageViewPerformance","start"+r,"stop"+r,"start"+o,"stop"+o,"addTelemetryInitializer","setAuthenticatedUserContext","clearAuthenticatedUserContext","flush"]),m.SeverityLevel={Verbose:0,Information:1,Warning:2,Error:3,Critical:4};var s=(d.extensionConfig||{}).ApplicationInsightsAnalytics||{};if(!0!==d[I]&&!0!==s[I]){var c="onerror";t(["_"+c]);var u=T[c];T[c]=function(e,t,n,a,i){var r=u&&u(e,t,n,a,i);return!0!==r&&m["_"+c]({message:e,url:t,lineNumber:n,columnNumber:a,error:i}),r},d.autoExceptionInstrumented=!0}return m}(y.cfg);function a(){y.onInit&&y.onInit(n)}(T[t]=n).queue&&0===n.queue.length?(n.queue.push(a),n.trackPageView({})):a()}(window,document,{src: "https://js.monitor.azure.com/scripts/b/ai.2.gbl.min.js", crossOrigin: "anonymous", cfg: { instrumentationKey:'c48933b8-afb0-4544-bcc6-08f04ecd9fd7' }}); </script> <script> _iaq = [ ['client', '9430b19c3fdc4f30b64312f5d75939a0'], ['track', 'consume'] ]; !function(d,s){var ia=d.createElement(s);ia.async=1,s=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],ia.src='//s.usea01.idio.episerver.net/ia.js',s.parentNode.insertBefore(ia,s)}(document,'script'); </script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/15495670-c116-4ad3-bb4d-1625f90d192d/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js"聽 type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="15495670-c116-4ad3-bb4d-1625f90d192d" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   </head> <body>  <div id='ZN_25Inj3Kdru9g2u9'></div> <div id="skip"><a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable p-large" href="#main">Skip to main content</a></div>  <header style="background-image:url('/contentassets/0e639980bfbf4cb09c0eb7fd709be9dc/banner.png'); min-height:160px; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:center; background-size: cover;"> <div class="header-container navbar"> <div class="header-language-dropdown dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" title="English" data-language="en"> <i class="material-icons">language</i> English <i class="material-icons">arrow_drop_down</i> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu language-dropdown"> <a href="/zh/" title="中文" target="_self">中文</a> <a href="/ja/" title="日本語" target="_self">日本語</a> <a href="/ko/" title="한국어" target="_self">한국어</a> <a href="/es-es/" title="Espanol" target="_self">Espanol</a> <a href="/es/" title="Español (España)" target="_self">Español (España)</a> <a href="/pt-br/" title="Portuguese" target="_self">Portuguese</a> <a href="/fr/" title="Français" target="_self">Français</a> <a href="/de/" title="Deutsch" target="_self">Deutsch</a> <a href="/it/" title="Italiano" target="_self">Italiano</a> <a href="/tr/" title="Türkçe" target="_self">Türkçe</a> </div> </div> <ul class="utility-nav"> <li class="utility-nav-item dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button"> Our Company<i class="material-icons"> <span class="desktop-only">arrow_drop_down</span> <span class="mobile-only">expand_more</span> </i> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu utility-dropdown" aria-labelledby="our_company"> <div class="utility-dropdown-container"> <div> <h4> About Us <i class="material-icons"> <span class="desktop-only">arrow_drop_down</span> <span class="mobile-only">expand_more</span> </i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/about/who-we-are/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Who We Are" title="Who We Are"> Who We Are </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://clarivate.com/about-us/executive-leadership/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Leadership" title="Leadership" target="_blank"> Leadership </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about/locations/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Locations" title="Locations"> Locations </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/news/news_releases/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="News Releases" title="News Releases"> News Releases </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/events/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Events" title="Events"> Events </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.clarivate.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Careers" title="Careers" target="_blank"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://support.proquest.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Support" title="Support" target="_blank"> Support </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://clarivate.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Clarivate" title="Clarivate" target="_blank"> Clarivate </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Our Values <i class="material-icons"> <span class="desktop-only">arrow_drop_down</span> <span class="mobile-only">expand_more</span> </i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/about/careers/strength-through-diversity-and-inclusion/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Diversity & Inclusion" title="Diversity & Inclusion"> Diversity & Inclusion </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about/proquest-accessibility/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Accessibility" title="Accessibility"> Accessibility </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about/privacy-home/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Privacy" title="Privacy"> Privacy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about/slavery-act-statement/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Slavery Act Statement" title="Slavery Act Statement"> Slavery Act Statement </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Product Families <i class="material-icons"> <span class="desktop-only">arrow_drop_down</span> <span class="mobile-only">expand_more</span> </i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Ex Libris Part of Clarivate" title="Ex Libris Part of Clarivate" target="_blank"> <img src="/globalassets/proquest/media/home-hero-banner/pq-logos_03.jpg" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Innovative Part of Clarivate" title="Innovative Part of Clarivate" target="_blank"> <img src="/globalassets/proquest/media/home-hero-banner/pq-logos_08.jpg" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://alexanderstreet.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Alexander Street Press Part of Clarivate" title="Alexander Street Press Part of Clarivate" target="_blank"> <img src="/globalassets/proquest/media/home-hero-banner/pq-logos_05.jpg" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://dialog.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Dialog Solutions Part of Clarivate" title="Dialog Solutions Part of Clarivate" target="_blank"> <img src="/globalassets/proquest/media/home-hero-banner/pq-logos_07.jpg" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="utility-nav-item "> <a href="https://careers.clarivate.com/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Careers"> Careers </a> </li> <li class="utility-nav-item "> <a href="/en/publishers/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Publishers"> Publishers </a> </li> <li class="utility-nav-item "> <a href="/en/news/news_releases/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="News"> News </a> </li> <li class="utility-nav-item "> <a href="/en/blog/blog-listing/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Blogs"> Blogs </a> </li> <li class="utility-nav-item "> <a href="/en/events/events/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Events"> Events </a> </li> <li class="utility-nav-item utility-nav-item-contact"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Contact Us"> Contact Us </a> </li> </ul> <a href="/en/" class="header-logo" title="ProQuest Home Page" target="_self"> <img src="/globalassets/proquest/media/global/header/pq-logo-white.png" alt="" /> </a> <ul class="primary-nav"> <li class="primary-nav-item"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="dropdown-toggle" id="Products_&_Services" title="Products & Services" data-toggle="dropdown">Products & Services<i class="material-icons">expand_more</i></a> <div class="dropdown-menu primary-dropdown" aria-labelledby="Products_&_Services"> <div class="primary-dropdown-container"> <div> <div> <h4> Content Solutions <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/content-solutions/books/" title="Books and Ebooks" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Books and Ebooks"> Books and Ebooks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/content-solutions/databases/" title="Databases" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Databases"> Databases </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/" title="Dissertations" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Dissertations"> Dissertations </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/content-solutions/microform/" title="Microform" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Microform"> Microform </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/content-solutions/news/" title="News" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="News"> News & Newspapers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/content-solutions/primary-sources/" title="Primary Sources" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Primary Sources"> Primary Sources </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/content-solutions/videos/" title="Streaming Video" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Streaming Video"> Streaming Video </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Products by Subject <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/the-arts/" title="The Arts" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="The Arts"> The Arts </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/business/" title="Business" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Business"> Business </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/health-medicine/" title="Health & Medicine" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Health & Medicine"> Health & Medicine </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/history-social-change/" title="History & Social Change" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="History & Social Change"> History & Social Change </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/interdisciplinary/" title="Interdisciplinary" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Interdisciplinary"> Interdisciplinary </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/literature/" title="Literature" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Literature"> Literature </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/science--technology/" title="Science & Technology" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Science & Technology"> Science & Technology </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/social-sciences/" title="Social Sciences" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Social Sciences"> Social Sciences </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Popular Products <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/proquest-one-sustainability/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> ProQuest One Sustainability </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/proquest-one-education/" title="ProQuest One Education" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ProQuest One Education"> ProQuest One Education </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/ProQuest-One-Academic/" title="ProQuest One Academic" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ProQuest One Academic"> ProQuest One Academic </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/ProQuest-One-Business/" title="ProQuest One Business" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ProQuest One Business"> ProQuest One Business </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/proquest-one-psychology/" title="ProQuest One Psychology" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ProQuest One Psychology"> ProQuest One Psychology </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/proquest-black-studies/" title="ProQuest Black Studies" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ProQuest Black Studies"> ProQuest Black Studies </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/customer-care/ebooks-offers/" title="Ebooks Offers for Libraries" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Ebooks Offers for Libraries"> Ebooks Offers for Libraries </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Library Management <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/alma-library-services-platform/?irl=libraryoffice" title="Alma" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Alma" target="_blank"> Alma </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/products/sierra-ils/" title="Sierra" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Sierra" target="_blank"> Sierra </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/products/polaris-ils/" title="Polaris" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Polaris" target="_blank"> Polaris </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Discovery Services <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/summon-library-discovery/" title="Summon" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Summon" target="_blank"> Summon </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/primo-discovery-service/" title="Primo" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Primo" target="_blank"> Primo </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/products/vega/" title="Vega" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Vega" target="_blank"> Vega </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Resource Sharing <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/rapidill-interlibrary-loan/" title="RapidILL" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="RapidILL" target="_blank"> RapidILL </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/rapido-library-resource-sharing/" title="Rapido" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Rapido" target="_blank"> Rapido </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Course Resource Lists <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/leganto-reading-list-management-system/" title="Leganto" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Leganto" target="_blank"> Leganto </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Research Management <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/esploro-research-services-platform/" title="Esploro" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Esploro" target="_blank"> Esploro </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/refworks/" title="RefWorks" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="RefWorks"> RefWorks </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/pivot-funding-opportunities-and-profiles/" title="Pivot-RP" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Pivot-RP" target="_blank"> Pivot-RP </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Mobile Solutions <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/campusm-mobile-campus-app-platform/" title="campusM" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="campusM" target="_blank"> campusM </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/products/innovative-mobile/" title="Innovative Mobile" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Innovative Mobile" target="_blank"> Innovative Mobile </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="primary-dropdown-buttons"> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://www.proquest.com/" target="_blank" title="Start Your Research">Start Your Research</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav-item"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="dropdown-toggle" id="Librarians" title="Librarians" data-toggle="dropdown">Librarians<i class="material-icons">expand_more</i></a> <div class="dropdown-menu primary-dropdown" aria-labelledby="Librarians"> <div class="primary-dropdown-container"> <div> <div class="primary-dropdown-lib unwrap-class"> <h4> Libraries We Serve <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/libraries/academic/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Academic" title="Academic"> Academic </a> <span>Solutions for universities, colleges, and community colleges of all sizes.</span> </li> <li> <a href="/en/libraries/public/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Public" title="Public"> Public </a> <span>Solutions for librarians supporting patrons of public libraries.</span> </li> <li> <a href="/en/libraries/k-12/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="K-12" title="K-12"> K-12 </a> <span>Solutions for elementary schools, primary schools and high schools.</span> </li> <li> <a href="/en/libraries/community-college/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Community College" title="Community College"> Community College </a> <span>Solutions for community colleges, trade schools and two year programs.</span> </li> <li> <a href="/en/libraries/government/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Government" title="Government"> Government </a> <span>Solutions for governmental affairs offices, patent examiners, and grants administrators.</span> </li> <li> <a href="/en/libraries/corporate/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Corporate" title="Corporate"> Corporate </a> <span>Solutions for professionals in the pharmaceutical, legal industries and more.</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Solutions For <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/promotions/every-voice/" title="DEI E-Resources" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="DEI E-Resources"> DEI E-Resources </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/promotions/title-matching-fast/" title="Print to Electronic" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Print to Electronic"> Print to Electronic </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/customer-care/space-reclamation-calculator/" title="Reclaiming Your Space" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Reclaiming Your Space"> Reclaiming Your Space </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/alma-library-services-platform/?irl=libraryoffice" title="Library Management" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Library Management" target="_blank"> Library Management </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/products/polaris-ils/" title="Library Management – Public Libraries" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Library Management – Public Libraries" target="_blank"> Library Management – Public Libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/products/vega/" title="Community Engagement" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Community Engagement" target="_blank"> Community Engagement </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/primo-discovery-service/" title="Content Discovery" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Content Discovery" target="_blank"> Content Discovery </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/esploro-research-services-platform/" title="Research Repository" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Research Repository" target="_blank"> Research Repository </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/rosetta-digital-asset-management-and-preservation/" title="Digital Preservation" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Digital Preservation" target="_blank"> Digital Preservation </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/rapido-library-resource-sharing/" title="Resource Sharing" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Resource Sharing" target="_blank"> Resource Sharing </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/rapidill-interlibrary-loan/" title="Document Delivery" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Document Delivery" target="_blank"> Document Delivery </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/leganto-reading-list-management-system/" title="Course Resources" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Course Resources" target="_blank"> Course Resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Account Support <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://support.proquest.com/" title="Setup and Support" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Setup and Support" target="_blank"> Setup and Support </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://support.proquest.com/s/articles?language=en_US&icat=Access_Issues__c&pcat=All__c" title="Access Questions" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Access Questions" target="_blank"> Access Questions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://invoices.proquest.com/AccountManager/Account/Login" title="Renewing a Product" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Renewing a Product" target="_blank"> Renewing a Product </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://invoices.proquest.com/AccountManager/Account/Login" title="Paying an Invoice" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Paying an Invoice" target="_blank"> Paying an Invoice </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://admin.proquest.com/" title="Get Usage Data: ProQuest" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Get Usage Data: ProQuest" target="_blank"> Get Usage Data: ProQuest </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://adminportal.alexanderstreet.com/" title="Get Usage Data: Alexander Street" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Get Usage Data: Alexander Street" target="_blank"> Get Usage Data: Alexander Street </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.etdadmin.com/" title="Submitting Dissertations" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Submitting Dissertations" target="_blank"> Submitting Dissertations </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://proquest.libguides.com/home" title="LibGuides " data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="LibGuides " target="_blank"> LibGuides </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ideas.proquest.com/" title="Idea Exchange" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Idea Exchange" target="_blank"> Idea Exchange </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://status.proquest.com/" title="ProQuest Status Page" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ProQuest Status Page" target="_blank"> ProQuest Status Page </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4> Tools & Resources <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://tls.search.proquest.com/titlelist/jsp/list/tlsSearch.jsp" title="Find a Title List" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Find a Title List" target="_blank"> Find a Title List </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about/proquest-accessibility/" title="Accessibility Documentation" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Accessibility Documentation"> Accessibility Documentation </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/company/proquest-open-access/" title="Open Access" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Open Access"> Open Access </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about/privacy-home/" title="Privacy" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Privacy"> Privacy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/events/" title="Webinars" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Webinars"> Webinars </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="primary-dropdown-buttons"> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://ideas.proquest.com/" target="_blank" title="Share Your Ideas">Share Your Ideas</a> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://discover.clarivate.com/preferencecenter_en" target="_blank" title="Sign Up for ProQuest Communications">Sign Up for ProQuest Communications</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav-item"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="dropdown-toggle" id="Researchers_and_Faculty" title="Researchers and Faculty" data-toggle="dropdown">Researchers and Faculty<i class="material-icons">expand_more</i></a> <div class="dropdown-menu primary-dropdown" aria-labelledby="Researchers_and_Faculty"> <div class="primary-dropdown-container"> <div> <div> <h4> Browse Collections by Subject <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/the-arts/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> The Arts </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/business/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> Business </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/history-social-change/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> History & Social Change </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/interdisciplinary/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> Interdisciplinary </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/health-medicine/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> Health & Medicine </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/literature/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> Literature </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/science--technology/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> Science & Technology </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/subjects/social-sciences/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=""> Social Sciences </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> I Want To <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.proquest.com/" title="Start my Research" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Start my Research" target="_blank"> Start my Research </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/TDM-Studio/" title="Start Text & Data Mining" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Start Text & Data Mining"> Start Text & Data Mining </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/pivot-funding-opportunities-and-profiles/" title="Find Research Funding" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Find Research Funding" target="_blank"> Find Research Funding </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/" title="Keep up with Research News" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Keep up with Research News" target="_blank"> Keep up with Research News </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/esploro-research-services-platform/" title="Showcase Research" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Showcase Research" target="_blank"> Showcase Research </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/events/" title="See Upcoming Webinars" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="See Upcoming Webinars"> See Upcoming Webinars </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://support.proquest.com/" title="Contact Support" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Contact Support" target="_blank"> Contact Support </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> I’m Interested In <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.etdadmin.com/main/home" title="Submitting a Dissertation" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Submitting a Dissertation" target="_blank"> Submitting a Dissertation </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/" title="Purchasing a Dissertation" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Purchasing a Dissertation"> Purchasing a Dissertation </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/leganto-reading-list-management-system/" title="Assembling Course Materials" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Assembling Course Materials" target="_blank"> Assembling Course Materials </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/campusm-mobile-campus-app-platform/" title="Implementing a Mobile Campus App" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Implementing a Mobile Campus App" target="_blank"> Implementing a Mobile Campus App </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div class="primary-dropdown-resources unwrap-class"> <h4> Insights <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <div class="primary-dropdown-img" style="background-image: url(/globalassets/proquest/media/images/img-sydney-blog.jpg)"></div> <div> <h6>How Text and Data Mining Enables Digital Literacy in the Classroom</h6> <p>Read about the University of Sydney鈥檚 journey to integrate text and data mining (TDM) into its undergraduate courses and incorporate it across disciplines</p> <a href="/en/blog/2020/How-Text-and-Data-Mining-Enables-Digital-Literacy-in-the-Classroom/" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Read more" title="Read more">Read more</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="primary-dropdown-buttons"> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://support.proquest.com/submitcase?language=en_US" target="_blank" title="Contact Support">Contact Support</a> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://ideas.proquest.com/" target="_blank" title="Share Your Ideas">Share Your Ideas</a> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://discover.clarivate.com/preferencecenter_en" target="_blank" title="Sign Up for ProQuest Communications">Sign Up for ProQuest Communications</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav-item"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="dropdown-toggle" id="Dissertations" title="Dissertations" data-toggle="dropdown">Dissertations<i class="material-icons">expand_more</i></a> <div class="dropdown-menu primary-dropdown" aria-labelledby="Dissertations"> <div class="primary-dropdown-container"> <div> <div> <h4> Meeting Your Needs <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/graduate-students/" title="Graduate Students" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Graduate Students"> Graduate Students </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/graduate-administrators/" title="Graduate Administrators" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Graduate Administrators"> Graduate Administrators </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/librarians/" title="Librarians" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Librarians"> Librarians </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Products & Services <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/include-dissertations-and-theses/" title="ETD Dissemination" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ETD Dissemination"> ETD Dissemination </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products-services/pqdtglobal/" title=" Dissertation & Theses Global" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title=" Dissertation & Theses Global"> Dissertation & Theses Global </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/electronic-theses-and-dissertations-dashboard/" title="ETD Dashboard" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="ETD Dashboard"> ETD Dashboard </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Resources <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/dissertation-elearning/" title="eLearning Modules" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="eLearning Modules"> eLearning Modules </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/expert-advice-thesisdissertation/" title="Expert Advice Articles" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Expert Advice Articles"> Expert Advice Articles </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://proquest.libguides.com/pqdt" title="LibGuide" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="LibGuide" target="_blank"> LibGuide </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/proquest-dissertations-frequently-asked-questions/" title="FAQs" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="FAQs"> FAQs </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h4> Dissertations News <i class="material-icons mobile-only">expand_more</i> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/top-dissertations/" title="Top 25 Most-Accessed Dissertations" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Top 25 Most-Accessed Dissertations"> Top 25 Most-Accessed Dissertations </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/dissertations/spotlight/" title="Dissertations Award Winners" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Dissertations Award Winners"> Dissertations Award Winners </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/news/news_releases/" title="News Releases" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="News Releases"> News Releases </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/blog/blog-listing/" title="Blogs" data-ga-category="Navigation" data-ga-title="Blogs"> Blogs </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="primary-dropdown-buttons"> <a class="button-primary-white" href="/en/dissertations/" title="About Dissertations">About Dissertations</a> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://search.proquest.com/pqdtglobal?_ga=2.166995582.1169231427.1614097189-1536556201.1614097189" target="_blank" title="Find a Dissertation">Find a Dissertation</a> <a class="button-primary-white" href="https://dissexpress.proquest.com/search.html?_ga=2.166995582.1169231427.1614097189-1536556201.1614097189" target="_blank" title="Buy a Dissertation">Buy a Dissertation</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="header-search"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="dropdown-toggle" id="header_search" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Search the site</span> <i class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true">search</i> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu primary-dropdown" aria-labelledby="header_search"> <div class="primary-dropdown-container"> <form class="w-100"> <div class="header-search-buttons"> <a class="header-search-tag button-primary" href="javaScript:void(0);" data-placeholdertext="Enter Search Terms..." data-tag="">All Content</a> <a class="header-search-tag button-secondary" href="javaScript:void(0);" data-placeholdertext="Search for Blogs..." data-tag="ContentTag__Blogs">Blogs</a> <a class="header-search-tag button-secondary" href="javaScript:void(0);" data-placeholdertext="Search for News Releases..." data-tag="ContentTag__News Releases">News Releases</a> </div> <div class="header-search-input"> <input id="txtSearch" type="text" value="" data-searchtag="" placeholder="Enter Search Terms..." data-searchurl="/en/search/" /> <a class="header-search-link"><i class="material-icons">search</i></a> </div> <div class="header-search-text"> <p><a href="https://www.proquest.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Are you a researcher looking for scholarly content?</strong> Try searching our platform here...</a></p> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <a class="header-mobile-menu" href="javaScript:void(0);"><i class="material-icons">menu</i></a> </div> <div class="home-header-graphics"></div> </header>   <div class="modal show center" id="languageModal" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog">  <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Language preference</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Do you want set this as your <strong>default language</strong>?</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-teal" data-dismiss="modal" id="btnSetDefaultLanguage"> I Agree </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-gray" data-dismiss="modal" id="btnSetDefaultLanguageNo"> I Disagree </button> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <main id="main" class="prq-body"> <div class="header-contact"> <div class="container"> <div class="header-contact-close"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);"> <i class="material-icons">close</i> </a> </div> <h2>Connect with ProQuest </h2> <p> </p> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <section class="contact-block col-md-8 pl-0 pr-sm-3"> <div class="dropdown dropdown-select"> <button id="dLabel" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-select-button" data-form-id="" data-toggle="dropdown"> <span>Select Question Type</span><i class="material-icons">expand_more</i> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel"> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="contactUsForm" data-value="5747"></a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Sales " class="contactUsForm" data-value="387">Sales </a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Dissertations" class="contactUsForm" data-value="5718">Dissertations</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Payment Questions" class="contactUsForm" data-value="12160">Payment Questions</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Global Content Alliances" class="contactUsForm" data-value="5786">Global Content Alliances</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Media and Investor Relations" class="contactUsForm" data-value="7302">Media and Investor Relations</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Orders & Renewals" class="contactUsForm" data-value="5817">Orders & Renewals</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Technical Support" class="contactUsForm" data-value="5836">Technical Support</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title="Other" class="contactUsForm" data-value="313">Other</a> <a href="javaScript:void(0);" class="contactUsForm" data-value="25416"></a> </div> </div> <div class="form-content" id="formItem" data-ga-category="Forms" data-ga-title=""> </div> </section> <section id="rightContent" class="col-md-4"> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div><div> <div class="body-copy rt-container" data-ga-category=""> <h2 class="lead-h2">Language Translation Disclaimer</h2> <p>The ProQuest website utilizes the Microsoft Bing Translation API. ProQuest has made reasonable efforts in order to provide accurate translations, however, no automated or computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace human or traditional translation methods. The official text is the English version of the ProQuest website. Any discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no legal effect for compliance or enforcement purposes. If any questions arise concerning the accuracy of the information presented by the translated verison of the website, please refer to the English version of the website, which is the official version.</p> </div> </div></div>  <footer> <div class="footer-primary"> <div class="container-lg"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4 footer-intro"> <img src="/globalassets/proquest/media/global/pq-logo-gray.png" /> <div class="footer-intro-text"> Clarivate™ is home to leading research, education and library solutions, including Web of Science™, ProQuest™, Ex Libris™ and Innovative™. We connect people and organizations to transformative intelligence and trusted content. Together, we partner with academic institutions and libraries to build a better world by enabling research excellence and student success. </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-7 offset-lg-1 footer-primary-links"> <ul> <li><span>Our Company</span></li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/who-we-are/" title="Who We Are"> Who We Are </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://clarivate.com/about-us/executive-leadership/" title="Leadership" target="_blank"> Leadership </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/locations/" title="Locations"> Locations </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/news/news_releases/" title="News Releases"> News Releases </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/events/events/" title="Events"> Events </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.clarivate.com/" title="Careers" target="_blank"> Careers </a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><span>Our Values</span></li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/careers/strength-through-diversity-and-inclusion/" title="Diversity & Inclusion"> Diversity & Inclusion </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/proquest-accessibility/" title="Accessibility"> Accessibility </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/privacy-home/" title="Privacy"> Privacy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/slavery-act-statement/" title="Slavery Act Statement"> Slavery Act Statement </a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><span>Product Families</span></li> <li> <a href="https://exlibrisgroup.com/" title="Ex Libris" target="_blank"> Ex Libris </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iii.com/" title="Innovative" target="_blank"> Innovative </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://alexanderstreet.com/" title="Alexander Street" target="_blank"> Alexander Street </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://dialog.com/" title="Dialog Solutions" target="_blank"> Dialog Solutions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://clarivate.com/industries/academia/" title="Clarivate for Academia" target="_blank"> Clarivate for Academia </a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><span>About</span></li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/publishers/" title="Publishers"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/company/proquest-open-access/" title="Open Access"> Open Access </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/blog/blog-listing/" title="Blogs"> Blogs </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://support.proquest.com/" title="Support" target="_blank"> Support </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://clarivate.com/" title="Clarivate" target="_blank"> Clarivate </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-utility container-lg"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <ul class="footer-utility-links"> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/privacy-home/" title="Privacy">Privacy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/terms-of-use/" title="Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/translation-disclaimer/" title="Translation Disclaimer">Translation Disclaimer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.proquest.com/en/about/cookie-policy/" title="Cookie Statement">Cookie Statement</a> </li> <li>    <a class="ot-sdk-show-settings" title="Cookie Statement">Cookie Statement</a>  </li> </ul> <div class="footer-copy-right"> <p>The material available on this website is the intellectual property of ProQuest LLC and its licensors.<br />© Copyright 2024 Clarivate. All Rights Reserved</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="footer-social-links"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/proquest" title="Twitter" target="_blank"> <img src="https://about.proquest.com/contentassets/b9c99cbd596240b3908a2ba2dba61226/pq-social-icons-07.svg" class="social-link" alt="Twitter" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/proquest/" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank"> <img src="https://about.proquest.com/contentassets/b9c99cbd596240b3908a2ba2dba61226/pq-social-icons-02.svg" class="social-link" alt="LinkedIn" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/proquest/" title="Facebook" target="_blank"> <img src="https://about.proquest.com/contentassets/b9c99cbd596240b3908a2ba2dba61226/pq-social-icons-05.svg" class="social-link" alt="Facebook" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/proquest" title="Instagram" target="_blank"> <img src="https://about.proquest.com/contentassets/b9c99cbd596240b3908a2ba2dba61226/pq-social-icons-01.svg" class="social-link" alt="Instagram" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/proquestvideo" title="You Tube" target="_blank"> <img src="https://about.proquest.com/contentassets/b9c99cbd596240b3908a2ba2dba61226/pq-social-icons-06.svg" class="social-link" alt="You Tube" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </main> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/dist/js/vendors.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/dist/js/main.min.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { var currentLanguage = getCookie('currentLanguage'); var defaultLanguage = getCookie('defaultLanguage'); if (currentLanguage != defaultLanguage) { $('#languageModal').modal('show'); } $('#btnSetDefaultLanguage').click(function () { var language = $('.header-language-dropdown a').data('language'); var apiUrl = "/SetDefaultLanguage"; $.post(apiUrl, { currentLanguage: language }); }); $('#btnSetDefaultLanguageNo').click(function () { var defaultLanguageCode = defaultLanguage.toLowerCase(); var path = ''; $('.language-dropdown a').each(function (index, item) { if ($(item).attr('href').toLowerCase().indexOf('/' + defaultLanguageCode + '/') !== -1) { path = $(item).attr('href'); } }); window.location.href = path; }); }); function getCookie(name) { const value = `; ${document.cookie}`; const parts = value.split(`; ${name}=`); if (parts.length === 2) return parts.pop().split(';').shift(); } function getCookieKeyValue(cookiename, key) { var cookie = getCookie(cookiename); var keyValue = cookie.split('&'); var results = keyValue.filter(function (item) { return item.indexOf(key) != -1 }); if (results && results.length) return results[0].split('=')[1]; else return null; } </script> <script defer="defer" src="/Util/Find/epi-util/find.js"></script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){if(typeof FindApi === 'function'){var api = new FindApi();api.setApplicationUrl('/');api.setServiceApiBaseUrl('/find_v2/');api.processEventFromCurrentUri();api.bindWindowEvents();api.bindAClickEvent();api.sendBufferedEvents();}}) </script> <script src="/static/dist/utils/proquest-track.js" async=""></script>  <div type="button" class="scroll-top" data-scroll="up"> <span class="material-icons" style="color: #fff;font-size: 20px;top: 50%;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%, -50%);position: relative;"> arrow_upward </span> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Translation Disclaimer