CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Harrie Massey - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c6465e1e-a68a-4b28-95b0-2774666b80b7","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Harrie_Massey","wgTitle":"Harrie Massey","wgCurRevisionId":1241407103,"wgRevisionId":1241407103,"wgArticleId":4395936,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Use Australian English from January 2015","All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English","Use dmy dates from November 2023","Articles with hCards","1908 births","1983 deaths","Academics of Queen's University Belfast","Academics of UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory", "Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge","Australian emigrants to England","Australian people of Scottish descent","Australian physicists","Fellows of the Royal Society","Knights Bachelor","Manhattan Project people","Presidents of the Physical Society","Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society","Royal Medal winners","Space programme of the United Kingdom","University of Melbourne alumni","Members of the American Philosophical Society","People from Yarra Ranges"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Harrie_Massey","wgRelevantArticleId":4395936,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode": "en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1586143","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fc/Harrie_Massey.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1625"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fc/Harrie_Massey.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1083"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Harrie Massey - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Harrie_Massey rootpage-Harrie_Massey skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Harrie+Massey" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Harrie+Massey" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Harrie+Massey" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Harrie+Massey" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harrie Massey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="هاري ماسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاري ماسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هریه مسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هریه مسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هریه مسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هریه مسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89" title="هارى ماسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارى ماسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мэсси, Гарри Стюарт Уилсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мэсси, Гарри Стюарт Уилсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Stewart_Wilson_Massey" title="Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harrie Massey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1586143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Harrie_Massey" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Harrie_Massey" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Harrie_Massey" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&oldid=1241407103" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Harrie_Massey&id=1241407103&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarrie_Massey"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarrie_Massey"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Harrie_Massey&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harrie_Massey" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1586143" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian mathematical physicist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Harrie Massey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrie_Massey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fc/Harrie_Massey.jpg/220px-Harrie_Massey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fc/Harrie_Massey.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1908-05-16</span>)</span>16 May 1908<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Invermay,_Victoria" title="Invermay, Victoria">Invermay, Victoria</a>, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1983<span style="display:none">(1983-11-27)</span> (aged 75)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Esher" title="Esher">Esher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> (1955)<br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (1958)<br /><a href="/wiki/Knight_bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight bachelor">knight bachelor</a> (1960)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">Physicist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Mining_Establishment" title="Admiralty Mining Establishment">Admiralty Mining Establishment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_of_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University of Belfast">Queen's University of Belfast</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> The Collision of Material Particles </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1932)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Fowler">Ralph Fowler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalgarno" title="Alexander Dalgarno">Alexander Dalgarno</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/David_Bates_(physicist)" title="David Bates (physicist)">David Robert Bates</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ian_Sloan_(mathematician)" title="Ian Sloan (mathematician)">Ian Sloan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alan_Martin_(physicist)" title="Alan Martin (physicist)">Alan Martin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M_J_Seaton" class="mw-redirect" title="M J Seaton">Michael Seaton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GD_Alam" class="mw-redirect" title="GD Alam">G.D. Allam</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span> (16 May 1908 – 27 November 1983) was an Australian <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical physicist">mathematical physicist</a> who worked primarily in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_physics" title="Atomic physics">atomic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_physics" title="Atmospheric physics">atmospheric physics</a>. </p><p>A graduate of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>, where he earned his doctorate at the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>, Massey became an independent <a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a> in Mathematical Physics at the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_of_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University of Belfast">Queen's University of Belfast</a> in 1933. He was appointed Goldsmid Professor of Applied Mathematics at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, in 1938. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Massey worked at the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Research_Laboratory" title="Admiralty Research Laboratory">Admiralty Research Laboratory</a>, where he helped devise countermeasures for German magnetic <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mines</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Mining_Establishment" title="Admiralty Mining Establishment">Admiralty Mining Establishment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havant" title="Havant">Havant</a>, where he helped develop British naval mines. In 1943, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a> persuaded the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> to release Massey to work on the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>. He joined Oliphant's <a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British Mission</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California</a>, where they worked on the electromagnetic <a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">isotope separation</a> process. When Oliphant returned to Britain in 1945, Massey took over the Berkeley Mission. </p><p>Massey returned to University College London, in October 1945 to find it badly damaged by bombing, and the Mathematics Department in dingy temporary accommodation. In 1950 he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Quain_Professor" title="Quain Professor">Quain Professor</a> of Physics and head of the University College London Physics Department. The department was merged with Astronomy in 1973, but he remained its head until he retired in 1975. Under his direction, the Physics Department was reoriented towards <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a> and upper atmosphere physics. He worked with the <a href="/wiki/Woomera_Rocket_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera Rocket Range">Woomera Rocket Range</a> to develop British <a href="/wiki/Skylark_(rocket)" title="Skylark (rocket)">Skylark rocket</a>, and was on the governing board of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Australian_Telescope" title="Anglo-Australian Telescope">Anglo-Australian Telescope</a>. He was the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">Committee on Space Research</a> (COSPAR) from 1959 to 1978, and of its British national chapter. He was also the first Chairman of the European Space Sciences Committee, and helped found the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="European Space Research Organization">European Space Research Organization</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mullard_Space_Science_Laboratory" title="Mullard Space Science Laboratory">Mullard Space Science Laboratory</a> at University College London. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey was born in Invermay, Victoria, Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-birthplace_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birthplace-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 16 May 1908, the only child of Harrie Stewart Massey, a miner, and his wife Eleanor Elizabeth née Wilson.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in the rural community of <a href="/wiki/Hoddles_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoddles Creek">Hoddles Creek</a>, and enrolled in the local state school in 1913. He received his Merit Certificate, normally awarded after completing the eighth grade, when he was nine, but due to his age he still had to stay there for another three years. He won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/University_High_School,_Melbourne" title="University High School, Melbourne">University High School</a>, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Parkville,_Victoria" title="Parkville, Victoria">Parkville</a> with his mother in 1920. At University High School he was president of the Science Club and vice captain of the <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> team.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of 16, Massey won a scholarship to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, which he entered in 1925. He had thoughts of studying <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, but was impressed by the <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> lectures given by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Hercus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Hercus (page does not exist)">Eric Hercus</a>. This was a stroke of luck; first year physics lectures were normally given by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Laby" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Laby">Thomas Laby</a>. Massey recalled in 1980 that "in a fairly wide experience I would rate [Laby] the worst lecturer I have heard".<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the University he played cricket, <a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">billiards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> and baseball, which he played for the University. He was awarded his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> (BSc) in physics with first class honours in 1928, and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> (BA) in mathematics in 1929. At a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Australasian_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science">Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science</a> in Perth in August 1925, he met a schoolteacher, Jessica Elizabeth Bruce. They were married on 11 January 1928 at the district registrar's office in Perth.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a daughter, Pamela Lois.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that time, the university did not offer a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> (PhD) program so Massey undertook a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> (MSc) course, with both experimental and theoretical components. The former, in cooperation with Courtney Mohr, dealt with <a href="/wiki/Soft_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft X-ray">soft X-ray</a> deflection from metal surfaces; the latter with <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">wave mechanics</a>. This involved translating numerous articles from German journals such as <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Zeitschrift für Physik">Zeitschrift für Physik</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Physikalische_Zeitschrift" title="Physikalische Zeitschrift">Physikalische Zeitschrift</a></i>. His external examiner was <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Fowler">Ralph Fowler</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>'s PhD supervisor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg/220px-Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg/330px-Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg/440px-Queen%27s_University_Belfast_frontage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>Queen's University, Belfast</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1929, with the benefit of an Aitchison travelling scholarship from the University of Melbourne, Massey went to <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> to perform research at the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>. The scholarship expired after two years, but he was awarded an <a href="/wiki/1851_Exhibition_Scholarship" class="mw-redirect" title="1851 Exhibition Scholarship">1851 Exhibition Scholarship</a> in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time the Cavendish Laboratory was one of the leading centres of physics in the world. In 1932 Cavendish laboratory scientists <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> split the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_the_neutron" title="Discovery of the neutron">discovered</a> the <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Occhialini" title="Giuseppe Occhialini">Giuseppe Occhialini</a> confirmed the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fowler was appointed as Massey's supervisor although it was clear that he did not need any supervision <i>per se</i>. Massey obtained his PhD on <i>The Collisions of Material Particles</i> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, he co-authored a book on atomic collision processes with <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a>, <i>Theory of Atomic Collisions</i> (1933).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also applied the theory of collisions to models of neutron structure. At the Cavendish laboratory, he also played <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">hockey</a> with Cockcroft, and cricket for the Cavendish Cricket Club, becoming team captain in his final year there.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1933 Massey became an independent <a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a> in Mathematical Physics at the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_of_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University of Belfast">Queen's University of Belfast</a>. He was the only member of the department until R. A. Buckingham arrived in 1934. Despite having to give nine lectures a week,<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he found time to write his second book, <i>Negative Ions</i> (1938), and began working on upper <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_physics" title="Atmospheric physics">atmospheric physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frustrated with the tiresome and time-consuming process of calculation, he had his physics workshop superintendent, John Wylie, build him a small-scale <a href="/wiki/Differential_analyzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential analyzer">differential analyzer</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Analog_computer" title="Analog computer">analog computer</a> that could solve <a href="/wiki/Differential_equation" title="Differential equation">differential equations</a>, for just £50.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was used to solve problems related to low temperature helium,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Photo-ionisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-ionisation">photo-ionisation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> in the upper atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Massey was appointed Goldsmid Professor of Applied Mathematics at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, in 1938, following the death of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Napoleon_George_Filon" title="Louis Napoleon George Filon">L. N. G. Filon</a> the previous year. He brought with him Buckingham, now an 1851 Exhibition Scholar himself, and <a href="/wiki/David_Bates_(physicist)" title="David Bates (physicist)">David Bates</a>, a promising graduate student. They brought the differential analyser with them to London, where it was destroyed by an air raid during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luftmine_(LM).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Luftmine_%28LM%29.jpg/170px-Luftmine_%28LM%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Luftmine_%28LM%29.jpg/255px-Luftmine_%28LM%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Luftmine_%28LM%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>A German magnetic mine</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after the outbreak of war in September 1939, the Germans began a <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mine</a> campaign against Britain. The results were devastating. Nineteen ships totaling 59,027 tons were sunk by mines in October, and 27 totaling 120,958 tons in November, along with the <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blanche_(H47)" title="HMS Blanche (H47)">HMS <i>Blanche</i></a>. Many more ships were damaged, including the <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-War_at_Sea_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War_at_Sea-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nature of the mines was initially unknown, but on 23 November 1939, a bomb disposal team under <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a> J. G. D. Ouvry recovered an intact aerial mine from a mudflat at <a href="/wiki/Shoeburyness" title="Shoeburyness">Shoeburyness</a>, and the threat was revealed to be a magnetic mine.<sup id="cite_ref-War_at_Sea_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War_at_Sea-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ouvry_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ouvry-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1939, Massey joined a group at the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Research_Laboratory" title="Admiralty Research Laboratory">Admiralty Research Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teddington" title="Teddington">Teddington</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Butterworth" title="Stephen Butterworth">Stephen Butterworth</a>. They were soon joined by a number of other physicists, including Bates, Buckingham, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Currie_Gunn" title="John Currie Gunn">John Gunn</a>. Together, they came up with a series of countermeasures that enable the Navy to successfully sweep the mines. With this in hand, Massey became Deputy Chief Scientist to the Scientific Section of Mine Design Department at the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Mining_Establishment" title="Admiralty Mining Establishment">Admiralty Mining Establishment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havant" title="Havant">Havant</a> in early 1941. This time, the job was to create mines as good as the German ones. Massey brought his team with him. While Bates worked on packaging to protect the mine when it was dropped from an aircraft, Buckingham and Gunn calculated its theoretical effectiveness, and Crick designed the circuitry. Their mine codenamed MX, was soon in service, and the group turned its attention to developing acoustic or pressure mines. On the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Beaumont_Wood" title="Albert Beaumont Wood">A. B. Wood</a> in 1943, Massey became Chief Scientist at Havant.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the August 1943 <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a> merged the British and American <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> projects, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a> persuaded the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> to release Massey to work on the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>. In November 1943, Massey set out with Oliphant for the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a> in a <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliphant_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliphant-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Radiation Laboratory's part was to develop an electromagnetic <a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">isotope separation</a> process. Massey was in charge of its Theoretical Group, which included American <a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">David Bohm</a> and Australian <a href="/wiki/Eric_Burhop" title="Eric Burhop">Eric Burhop</a>. They studied the characteristics of electric discharges in magnetic fields, today known as <a href="/wiki/Bohm_diffusion" title="Bohm diffusion">Bohm diffusion</a>, and studied the ionization of uranium compounds used as feed in the electromagnetic <a href="/wiki/Uranium_enrichment" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium enrichment">uranium enrichment</a> process such as <a href="/wiki/Uranium_tetrachloride" title="Uranium tetrachloride">uranium tetrachloride</a> (UCl<sub>4</sub>) and <a href="/wiki/Uranium_hexafluoride" title="Uranium hexafluoride">uranium hexafluoride</a> (UF<sub>6</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-bio_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oliphant returned to Britain in March 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-Oliphant_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliphant-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was replaced as head of the British mission in Berkeley by Massey.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wartime papers produced by the group were collected and published in <i>The Characteristics of Electrical Discharges in Magnetic Fields</i> (1949).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massey returned to University College London, in October 1945 to find it badly damaged by bombing, and the Mathematics Department in dingy temporary accommodation. He was allowed to pick his own lecturers, so he chose Bates, Burhop, Buckingham and Gunn. While they had to teach mathematics, they were free to choose their own research topics, so they chose to research physics, carrying out physical experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation lasted until 1950, when <a href="/wiki/Edward_Andrade" title="Edward Andrade">Edward Andrade</a> retired, and Massey was appointed <a href="/wiki/Quain_Professor" title="Quain Professor">Quain Professor</a> of Physics and head of the University College London, Physics Department.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The department was merged with Astronomy in 1973, but he remained its head until he retired in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as University College London's Vice-Provost from 1969 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:40in-SSO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/40in-SSO.jpg/220px-40in-SSO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/40in-SSO.jpg/330px-40in-SSO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/40in-SSO.jpg/440px-40in-SSO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2778" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption>The 40" telescope dome at <a href="/wiki/Siding_Spring_Observatory" title="Siding Spring Observatory">Siding Spring Observatory</a>, New South Wales.</figcaption></figure> <p>When Massey took over the Physics Department, most of his physicists, including Bates, Buckingham, Burhop and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyd_(physicist)" title="Robert Boyd (physicist)">Robert Boyd</a>, moved with him. Like the Mathematics Department, it was still in temporary accommodation owing to bomb damage during the war. A new building was under construction, but to develop the technical infrastructure, Massey hired Harry Tomlinson, who had worked for him in the British Mission in Berkeley. The Department acquired several accelerators, including a 20 MeV <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron" title="Synchrotron">synchrotron</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic Energy Authority">Atomic Energy Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dick Jennings and Franz Heymann built two <a href="/wiki/Microtron" title="Microtron">microtrons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Massey, the Physics Department moved away from researching the physics of metals and liquids, and focused on <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a> and upper atmosphere physics.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massey saw the potential of computers. He arranged with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Donald_Booth" title="Andrew Donald Booth">Andrew Booth</a> for a copy of his <a href="/wiki/APEXC" title="APEXC">All Purpose Electronic Computer</a>, and recruited two programmers, Joan Lawson and Jane Wallace. When the University of London established a computing unit, Buckingham left to head it.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of London">Fellow of the Royal Society of London</a> in 1940, Massey was awarded its <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> in 1955, and its <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> in 1958. He was a member of its council from 1949 to 1951 and again from 1959 to 1960, before serving as its Physical Secretary and Vice-President from 1969 to 1978. He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (United Kingdom)">Department of Scientific and Industrial Research</a>'s Nuclear Physics Sub-Committee in 1956. When the National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science was founded in 1957, he became one of the initial members of its governing board. He became a member of the Research Grants Committee in 1959, and was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Scientific_Policy" title="Council for Scientific Policy">Council for Scientific Policy</a> from 1965 to 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/British_honours_system#Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours system">knighted</a> for his services in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of both the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> and the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Arrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_Arrow.jpg/170px-Black_Arrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_Arrow.jpg/255px-Black_Arrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_Arrow.jpg/340px-Black_Arrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a> launch vehicle in the rocket park at <a href="/wiki/Woomera,_South_Australia" title="Woomera, South Australia">Woomera, South Australia</a>, similar to the one that launched the only satellite launched with a British launcher </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rockets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockets">Rockets</a> had seen enormous development for military purposes during the Second World War, and Massey saw their potential for studying the upper atmosphere. He became a major supporter of <a href="/wiki/Space_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Space science">space science</a>, and wrote a book on the subject, <i>History of British Space Science</i> (1984). He was the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">Committee on Space Research</a> (COSPAR), which was established by the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Scientific_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="International Council of Scientific Unions">International Council of Scientific Unions</a>, from its founding in 1959 until 1978, and also of the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Committee_for_Space_Research" title="British National Committee for Space Research">British National Committee for Space Research</a>, its British national chapter. He was also the first Chairman of the European Space Sciences Committee, and helped found the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="European Space Research Organization">European Space Research Organization</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mullard_Space_Science_Laboratory" title="Mullard Space Science Laboratory">Mullard Space Science Laboratory</a> at University College London.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Space science also gave Massey an excuse to visit Australia; he made some twenty trips. He was involved in the testing of balloons for upper atmosphere research at the University of Melbourne's site in <a href="/wiki/Mildura,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildura, Victoria">Mildura, Victoria</a>. As chairman of the Rocket Subcommittee of the Royal Society's Gassiot Committee, he visited the <a href="/wiki/Weapons_Research_Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons Research Establishment">Weapons Research Establishment</a> near <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Woomera_Rocket_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera Rocket Range">Woomera Rocket Range</a> to discuss collaboration on the British <a href="/wiki/Skylark_(rocket)" title="Skylark (rocket)">Skylark rocket</a>, which was test fired from Woomera in 1957. He sought to develop a UK space program in cooperation in space with Australia, the United States and European countries. He was successful in building international cooperation, although his <a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(rocket)" title="Black Knight (rocket)">Black Knight</a> project was cancelled in favour of <a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which launched <a href="/wiki/Prospero_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospero (satellite)">Prospero</a>, the only satellite launched with a British launch vehicle, from Woomera in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was involved in the negotiations leading to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Australian_Telescope" title="Anglo-Australian Telescope">Anglo-Australian Telescope</a> at <a href="/wiki/Siding_Spring_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Siding Spring Mountain">Siding Spring Mountain</a> in New South Wales. He was a United Kingdom member and deputy chairman of the telescope's governing board from 1975 to 1980, and chairman from 1980 to 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Massey received honorary doctorates from both Queens University Belfast (1955)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a> (1975).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a long illness, Massey died at his home in <a href="/wiki/Esher,_Surrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Esher, Surrey">Esher, Surrey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Jessica had named "Kalamunda", from the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal">Australian Aboriginal</a> word for the area in Western Australia where she had once lived,<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 27 November 1983. He was survived by his wife and daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Society/<a href="/wiki/COSPAR" class="mw-redirect" title="COSPAR">COSPAR</a> Massey Award is named after him,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is the Harrie Massey Lecture Theatre<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Harrie Massey Prize at University College London,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey_Medal_and_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrie Massey Medal and Prize">Harrie Massey Medal and Prize</a>, jointly awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Physics" title="Australian Institute of Physics">Australian Institute of Physics</a> and British <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics" title="Institute of Physics">Institute of Physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His papers are in the <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> archives.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoddles Creek Primary School, the state school attended by Massey during his childhood, named Massey House (one of the school's four <a href="/wiki/House_system" title="House system">houses</a>) in his honour. A pine tree planted by Massey on the school grounds in 1937 remains, as well as a plaque commemorating Massey's achievements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMottMassey1933" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott, N. F.</a>; Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57875"><i>Theory of Atomic Collisions</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/537272">537272</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Atomic+Collisions&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F537272&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.aufirst=N.+F.&rft.au=Massey%2C+Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.57875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1938" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1938). <i>Negative Ions</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/251611666">251611666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negative+Ions&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F251611666&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyKestelman,_H1958" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson; Kestelman, H (1958). <i>Ancillary Mathematics</i>. London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10396901">10396901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancillary+Mathematics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sir+Isaac+Pitman+and+Sons+Ltd&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10396901&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft.au=Kestelman%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1956" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1956). <i>Atoms and Energy</i>. New York: Philosophical Library. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2337212">2337212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atoms+and+Energy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2337212&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyBoyd1958" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson; Boyd, R. L. F. (1958). <i>The Upper Atmosphere</i>. London: Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/511957">511957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Upper+Atmosphere&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F511957&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft.au=Boyd%2C+R.+L.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1966" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1966). <i>The New Age in Physics</i>. New York: Harper. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/530595">530595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Age+in+Physics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F530595&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyQuinton1961" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson; Quinton, Arthur Robert (1961). <i>Basic Laws of Matter</i>. Bronxville, New York: Herald Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1347311">1347311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Laws+of+Matter&rft.place=Bronxville%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Herald+Books&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1347311&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft.au=Quinton%2C+Arthur+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1964" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1964). <i>Space Physics</i>. Cambridge, England: University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/340105">340105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Physics&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F340105&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyMott1965" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson; <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott, N. F.</a> (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoryofatomicco0000mott"><i>The Theory of Atomic Collisions</i></a></span>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/537272">537272</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Atomic+Collisions&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F537272&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft.au=Mott%2C+N.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheoryofatomicco0000mott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1966" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1966). <i>Space Travel and Exploration</i>. London: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2423098">2423098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Travel+and+Exploration&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2423098&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1976" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1976). <i>Negative Ions</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20775-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20775-1"><bdi>978-0-521-20775-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2339571">2339571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negative+Ions&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2339571&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20775-1&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1979" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atomicmolecularc00mass"><i>Atomic and Molecular Collisions</i></a></span>. London: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-26742-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-26742-4"><bdi>978-0-470-26742-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4832392">4832392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atomic+and+Molecular+Collisions&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4832392&rft.isbn=978-0-470-26742-4&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatomicmolecularc00mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1982" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson (1982). <i>Applied Atomic Physics Processes</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-419951-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-419951-8"><bdi>0-12-419951-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applied+Atomic+Physics+Processes&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-12-419951-8&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyRobins1986" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson; Robins, Malcolm Owen (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bqQsjc3BwZkC"><i>History of British space science</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-30783-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-30783-X"><bdi>0-521-30783-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+British+space+science&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-521-30783-X&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft.au=Robins%2C+Malcolm+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbqQsjc3BwZkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-birthplace-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-birthplace_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bibliographical Memoirs of the Royal Society</i> says he was born in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda, Victoria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the <i>Australian Dictionary of Biography</i> says Invermay, Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatesBoydDavis1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Bates_(physicist)" title="David Bates (physicist)">Bates, D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyd_(physicist)" title="Robert Boyd (physicist)">Boyd, R.</a>; Davis, D. G. (1984). "Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey. 16 May 1908 – 27 November 1983". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>30</b>: 444–511. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1984.0016">10.1098/rsbm.1984.0016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71258564">71258564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson+Massey.+16+May+1908+%E2%80%93+27+November+1983&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=444-511&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1984.0016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71258564%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Boyd%2C+R.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHome2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Weir_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Roderick Weir Home">Home, R. W.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/imassey-sir-harrie-stewart-14946">"Massey, Sir Harrie Stewart (1908–1983)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Massey%2C+Sir+Harrie+Stewart+%281908%E2%80%931983%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Home&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fimassey-sir-harrie-stewart-14946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmelo2009" class="citation book cs1">Farmelo, Graham (2009). <i>The Strangest Man: the Life of Paul Dirac</i>. London: Faber and Faber. pp. 52–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-01827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-01827-7"><bdi>978-0-465-01827-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/426938310">426938310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strangest+Man%3A+the+Life+of+Paul+Dirac&rft.place=London&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F426938310&rft.isbn=978-0-465-01827-7&rft.aulast=Farmelo&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226193619/http://alumni.royalcommission1851.org/search/s/public">"Harrie Massey (Deceased)"</a>. Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.royalcommission1851.org/search/s/public">the original</a> on 26 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harrie+Massey+%28Deceased%29&rft.pub=Royal+Commission+for+the+Exhibition+of+1851&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.royalcommission1851.org%2Fsearch%2Fs%2Fpublic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=18526">Harrie Massey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey" class="citation web cs1">Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=39616">"The Collisions of Material Particles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Collisions+of+Material+Particles&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie+Stewart+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fvwebv%2FholdingsInfo%3FbibId%3D39616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaton,_M._J.1984" class="citation journal cs1">Seaton, M. J. (December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/QJRAS/0025//0000531.000.html">"Obituary: Sir Harrie Massey, FRS"</a>. <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 530–532. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984QJRAS..25..530S">1984QJRAS..25..530S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Sir+Harrie+Massey%2C+FRS&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=530-532&rft.date=1984-12&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1984QJRAS..25..530S&rft.au=Seaton%2C+M.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Ffull%2Fseri%2FQJRAS%2F0025%2F%2F0000531.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Obituary: Professor Sir Harrie Massey". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. London. 2 December 1983. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Professor+Sir+Harrie+Massey&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1983-12-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyWylieBuckinghamSullivan1938" class="citation journal cs1">Massey, H. S. W.; Wylie, J.; Buckingham, R. A.; Sullivan, R. (1938). "A Small Scale Differential Analyser: Its Construction and Operation". <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Irish_Academy,_Section_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section A">Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section A</a></i>. <b>45</b>: 1–21. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20490736">20490736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Irish+Academy%2C+Section+A&rft.atitle=A+Small+Scale+Differential+Analyser%3A+Its+Construction+and+Operation&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=1-21&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20490736%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=H.+S.+W.&rft.au=Wylie%2C+J.&rft.au=Buckingham%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyBuckingham1938" class="citation journal cs1">Massey, H. S. W.; Buckingham, R. A. (7 November 1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1938.0178">"The Low-Temperature Properties of Gaseous Helium"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences</i>. <b>168</b> (378–389): 378–389. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938RSPSA.168..378M">1938RSPSA.168..378M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1938.0178">10.1098/rspa.1938.0178</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+A%3A+Mathematical+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Low-Temperature+Properties+of+Gaseous+Helium&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=378%E2%80%93389&rft.pages=378-389&rft.date=1938-11-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspa.1938.0178&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1938RSPSA.168..378M&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=H.+S.+W.&rft.au=Buckingham%2C+R.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frspa.1938.0178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyHamiltonBuckingham1941" class="citation journal cs1">Massey, H. S. W.; Hamilton, J.; Buckingham, R. A. (10 October 1941). "The Low-Temperature Properties of Gaseous Helium II". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences</i>. <b>179</b> (977): 103–122. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1941RSPSA.179..103B">1941RSPSA.179..103B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1941.0082">10.1098/rspa.1941.0082</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:96039164">96039164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+A%3A+Mathematical+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Low-Temperature+Properties+of+Gaseous+Helium+II&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=977&rft.pages=103-122&rft.date=1941-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A96039164%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspa.1941.0082&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1941RSPSA.179..103B&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=H.+S.+W.&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+J.&rft.au=Buckingham%2C+R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1937" class="citation journal cs1">Massey, H. S. W. (22 December 1937). "Dissociation, Recombination and Attachment Processes in the Upper Atmosphere". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences</i>. <b>163</b> (915): 542–553. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1937RSPSA.163..542M">1937RSPSA.163..542M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1937.0243">10.1098/rspa.1937.0243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+A%3A+Mathematical+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dissociation%2C+Recombination+and+Attachment+Processes+in+the+Upper+Atmosphere.&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=915&rft.pages=542-553&rft.date=1937-12-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspa.1937.0243&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1937RSPSA.163..542M&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=H.+S.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatesBuckinghamMasseyUnwin1939" class="citation journal cs1">Bates, D. R.; Buckingham, R. A.; Massey, H. S. W.; Unwin, J. J. (3 April 1939). "Dissociation, Recombination and Attachment Processes in the Upper Atmosphere II. The Rate of Recombination". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences</i>. <b>170</b> (942): 322–340. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939RSPSA.170..322B">1939RSPSA.170..322B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1939.0035">10.1098/rspa.1939.0035</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:97373737">97373737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+A%3A+Mathematical+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dissociation%2C+Recombination+and+Attachment+Processes+in+the+Upper+Atmosphere+II.+The+Rate+of+Recombination&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=942&rft.pages=322-340&rft.date=1939-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A97373737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspa.1939.0035&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939RSPSA.170..322B&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft.au=Buckingham%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Massey%2C+H.+S.+W.&rft.au=Unwin%2C+J.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-War_at_Sea-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-War_at_Sea_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-War_at_Sea_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoskill1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roskill" title="Stephen Roskill">Roskill, S. W.</a> (1954). <i>The War at Sea, 1939–1945. Vol. 1, The Defensive</i>. London: H.M.S.O. p. 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+at+Sea%2C+1939%E2%80%931945.+Vol.+1%2C+The+Defensive&rft.place=London&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=H.M.S.O&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Roskill&rft.aufirst=S.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ouvry-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ouvry_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSainsbury1993" class="citation news cs1">Sainsbury, A. B. (4 May 1993). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-commander-j-g-d-ouvry-2320793.html">"Obituary: Commander J. G. D. Ouvry"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-commander-j-g-d-ouvry-2320793.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Commander+J.+G.+D.+Ouvry&rft.date=1993-05-04&rft.aulast=Sainsbury&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-commander-j-g-d-ouvry-2320793.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliphant-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oliphant_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliphant_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburnEllyard1981" class="citation book cs1">Cockburn, Stewart; Ellyard, David (1981). <i>Oliphant, the Life and Times of Sir Mark Oliphant</i>. Adelaide: Axiom Books. pp. 113–122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9594164-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9594164-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9594164-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oliphant%2C+the+Life+and+Times+of+Sir+Mark+Oliphant&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.pages=113-122&rft.pub=Axiom+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-9594164-0-4&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft.au=Ellyard%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyDavis1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massey, Harrie</a>; Davis, D. H. (November 1981). "Eric Henry Stoneley Burhop 31 January 1911 – 22 January 1980". <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>27</b>: 131–152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1981.0006">10.1098/rsbm.1981.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/769868">769868</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123018692">123018692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Eric+Henry+Stoneley+Burhop+31+January+1911+%E2%80%93+22+January+1980&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=131-152&rft.date=1981-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A123018692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F769868%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1981.0006&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Harrie&rft.au=Davis%2C+D.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/amad/nla.oh-vn2140577?searchTerm=Burhop+dies">"Eric H. S. Burhop interviewed by Hazel de Berg for the Hazel de Berg collection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eric+H.+S.+Burhop+interviewed+by+Hazel+de+Berg+for+the+Hazel+de+Berg+collection&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nla.gov.au%2Famad%2Fnla.oh-vn2140577%3FsearchTerm%3DBurhop%2Bdies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrieWakerling1949" class="citation book cs1">Guthrie, Andrew; Wakerling, R. K., eds. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169225"><i>The Characteristics of Electrical Discharges in Magnetic Fields</i></a>. New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/552825">552825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Characteristics+of+Electrical+Discharges+in+Magnetic+Fields&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F552825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.169225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odnb-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaley" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Staley, Richard. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com.rp.nla.gov.au/view/article/31419">"Massey, Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson (1908–1983), physicist"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31419">10.1093/ref:odnb/31419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Massey%2C+Sir+Harrie+Stewart+Wilson+%281908%E2%80%931983%29%2C+physicist&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31419&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com.rp.nla.gov.au%2Fview%2Farticle%2F31419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/1204/26042012-50th-anniversary-uk-first-step-space">"50th Anniversary of the UK's first step into space"</a>. University College London. 26 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50th+Anniversary+of+the+UK%27s+first+step+into+space&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft.date=2012-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fnews-articles%2F1204%2F26042012-50th-anniversary-uk-first-step-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrozier" class="citation web cs1">Grozier, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/history/history_microtrons.shtml">"A History of Early High Energy Physics Research at UCL – The Microtrons"</a>. University College, London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Early+High+Energy+Physics+Research+at+UCL+%E2%80%93+The+Microtrons&rft.pub=University+College%2C+London&rft.aulast=Grozier&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hep.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistory_microtrons.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette41953" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/41953/page/1081">"No. 41953"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 12 February 1960. p. 1081.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+41953&rft.pages=1081&rft.date=1960-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F41953%2Fpage%2F1081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Harrie+Massey&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DHarrie%2BMassey%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox" class="citation web cs1">Fox, J. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys.ucl.ac.uk/department/history/BFox1.html">"From Lardner to Massey"</a>. University College, London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Lardner+to+Massey&rft.pub=University+College%2C+London&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phys.ucl.ac.uk%2Fdepartment%2Fhistory%2FBFox1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Belfast Telegraph 7 July 1955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418163907/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates.htm">"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"</a>. <i>www1.hw.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.hw.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates.htm">the original</a> on 18 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www1.hw.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Heriot-Watt+University+Edinburgh%3A+Honorary+Graduates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.hw.ac.uk%2Fgraduation%2Fhonorary-graduates.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/awards/cfarecipients/massey_award.html">"Prizes and Awards"</a>. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prizes+and+Awards&rft.pub=Harvard-Smithsonian+Center+for+Astrophysics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfa.harvard.edu%2Fawards%2Fcfarecipients%2Fmassey_award.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-students/money/scholarships/maps/harrie-massey">"Harrie Massey Lecture Theatre"</a>. University College, London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harrie+Massey+Lecture+Theatre&rft.pub=University+College%2C+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fcurrent-students%2Fmoney%2Fscholarships%2Fmaps%2Fharrie-massey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-students/money/scholarships/maps/harrie-massey">"Harrie Massey Prize"</a>. University College, London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harrie+Massey+Prize&rft.pub=University+College%2C+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fcurrent-students%2Fmoney%2Fscholarships%2Fmaps%2Fharrie-massey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716041723/http://www.aip.org.au/info/?q=content%2Fharrie-massey-medal-and-prize">"Harrie Massey Medal and Prize"</a>. Australian Institute of Physics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org.au/info/?q=content/harrie-massey-medal-and-prize">the original</a> on 16 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harrie+Massey+Medal+and+Prize&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org.au%2Finfo%2F%3Fq%3Dcontent%2Fharrie-massey-medal-and-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27MS%20ADD%20399%27&dsqDb=Catalog">"Sir Harrie Massey Papers"</a>. University College London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Harrie+Massey+Papers&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.ucl.ac.uk%2FDServe%2Fdserve.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqCmd%3DShow.tcl%26dsqSearch%3DRefNo%3D%3D%2527MS%2520ADD%2520399%2527%26dsqDb%3DCatalog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteoak,_J._B.1987" class="citation journal cs1">Whiteoak, J. B. (1987). "Book-Review - <i>History of British Space Science</i> by H. Massey and M. O. Robins". <i>Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 105. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PASA....7..105M">1987PASA....7..105M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1323358000021974">10.1017/S1323358000021974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Book-Review+-+History+of+British+Space+Science+by+H.+Massey+and+M.+O.+Robins&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=105&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1323358000021974&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987PASA....7..105M&rft.au=Whiteoak%2C+J.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrie+Massey" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586143#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109072586">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61607002">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/41621/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj4x3dPcK69vtRHrr3bBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121226247">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79096900">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122784604">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122784604">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00449082">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36068949">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2014816113&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071997679">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90057955">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000173269&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810679803505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007273508205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14724087">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00164493?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=18526">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:massey.harrie-stewart-wilson">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/496434">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1206144">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/massey-sir-harrie-stewart-14946">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd121226247.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031601553">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gh9kkd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/17px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/26px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/34px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1276" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History_of_science" title="Portal:History of science">History of science</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/21px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/32px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/42px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nuclear_technology" title="Portal:Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/17px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/26px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/34px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics">Physics</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&oldid=1241407103">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&oldid=1241407103</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_births" title="Category:1908 births">1908 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_deaths" title="Category:1983 deaths">1983 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Category:Academics of Queen's University Belfast">Academics of Queen's University Belfast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_UCL_Mullard_Space_Science_Laboratory" title="Category:Academics of UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory">Academics of UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge">Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_emigrants_to_England" title="Category:Australian emigrants to England">Australian emigrants to England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:Australian people of Scottish descent">Australian people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_physicists" title="Category:Australian physicists">Australian physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society">Fellows of the Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Bachelor" title="Category:Knights Bachelor">Knights Bachelor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manhattan_Project_people" title="Category:Manhattan Project people">Manhattan Project people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Physical_Society" title="Category:Presidents of the Physical Society">Presidents of the Physical Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Medal_winners" title="Category:Royal Medal winners">Royal Medal winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_programme_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Space programme of the United Kingdom">Space programme of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Melbourne_alumni" title="Category:University of Melbourne alumni">University of Melbourne alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_American_Philosophical_Society" title="Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society">Members of the American Philosophical Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Yarra_Ranges" title="Category:People from Yarra Ranges">People from Yarra Ranges</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_January_2015" title="Category:Use Australian English from January 2015">Use Australian English from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2023">Use dmy dates from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 August 2024, at 00:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harrie_Massey&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-4xzb8","wgBackendResponseTime":176,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.765","walltime":"1.106","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5137,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":110585,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5282,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":156798,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 906.136 1 -total"," 25.81% 233.908 1 Template:Infobox_scientist"," 23.67% 214.448 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.17% 146.505 18 Template:Cite_book"," 9.17% 83.054 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.47% 76.716 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.66% 69.452 21 Template:Main_other"," 7.25% 65.683 1 Template:Birth_date"," 4.87% 44.126 9 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.83% 43.749 13 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.494","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8459650,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-559c9fd9f4-w2727","timestamp":"20241126123941","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Harrie Massey","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harrie_Massey","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1586143","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1586143","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-15T01:58:04Z","dateModified":"2024-08-21T00:11:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/f\/fc\/Harrie_Massey.jpg","headline":"Australian physicist (1908-1983)"}</script> </body> </html>