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class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tito Lívio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 86 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تيتوس ليفيوس — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيتوس ليفيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تيتوس ليويوس — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تيتوس ليويوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تيتوس ليفيوس — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيتوس ليفيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu_Liviu" title="Titu Liviu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Titu Liviu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Livi" title="Tit Livi — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tit Livi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس لیویوس — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیتوس لیویوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ціт Лівій — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ціт Лівій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Тытус Лівіюс — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тытус Лівіюс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тит Ливий — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тит Ливий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livije" title="Livije — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Livije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livi" title="Titus Livi — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Titus Livi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu_Liviu" title="Titu Liviu — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Titu Liviu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livius" title="Livius — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Livius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тит Ливий — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тит Ливий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τίτος Λίβιος — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τίτος Λίβιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livy" title="Livy — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Livy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu_L%C3%ADviu" title="Titu Líviu — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Titu Líviu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس لیویوس — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیتوس لیویوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livius" title="Livius — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Livius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite-Live" title="Tite-Live — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tite-Live" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AEt_Livi" title="Tît Livi — friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tît Livi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livias" title="Livias — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Livias" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livius" title="Livius — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Livius" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="טיטוס ליוויוס — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיטוס ליוויוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livije" title="Livije — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Livije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Տիտոս Լիվիոս — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիտոս Լիվիոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADv%C3%ADus" title="Lívíus — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lívíus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="ティトゥス・リウィウス — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティトゥス・リウィウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტიტუს ლივიუსი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიტუს ლივიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тит Ливий — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тит Ливий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%ED%88%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="티투스 리비우스 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티투스 리비우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titas_Livijus" title="Titas Livijus — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Titas Livijus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tits_L%C4%ABvijs" title="Tits Līvijs — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tits Līvijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98" title="Тит Ливиј — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тит Ливиј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ടൈറ്റസ് ലിവിയുസ് പറ്റാവിനുസ് — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടൈറ്റസ് ലിവിയുസ് പറ്റാവിനുസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B8" title="लिव्ही टायटस — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिव्ही टायटस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livius" title="Livius — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Livius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE" title="လီဗီ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီဗီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Livi" title="Tit Livi — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tit Livi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite-Live" title="Tite-Live — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tite-Live" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tytus_Liwiusz" title="Tytus Liwiusz — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tytus Liwiusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тит Ливий — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тит Ливий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тит Ливий — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тит Ливий" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu_Liviu" title="Titu Liviu — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Titu Liviu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Livije" title="Tit Livije — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tit Livije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Livij" title="Tit Livij — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tit Livij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Livi" title="Tit Livi — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tit Livi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Тит Ливије — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тит Ливије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="லிவி — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லிவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" title="ลิวี — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิวี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livio" title="Livio — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Livio" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тіт Лівій — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіт Лівій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس لیویوس — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیتوس لیویوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Titus Livius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tito Livio" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4" title="蒂托·李维 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒂托·李维" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტიტუს ლივიუსი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიტუს ლივიუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4" title="蒂托·李维 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒂托·李维" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%B6%AD" title="李維 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="李維" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2039#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tito_L%C3%ADvio" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Tito_L%C3%ADvio" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Tito_L%C3%ADvio" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Tito_L%C3%ADvio" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&oldid=68704789" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta 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.tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Tito+L%C3%ADvio">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Tito+L%C3%ADvio&oq=Tito+L%C3%ADvio">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Tito+L%C3%ADvio">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Tito+L%C3%ADvio">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Abril de 2011</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:transparent; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Tito Lívio</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Titus_Livius.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tito Lívio"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Titus_Livius.png/200px-Titus_Livius.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Titus_Livius.png/300px-Titus_Livius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Titus_Livius.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Tito Lívio</figcaption></figure></div>Tito Lívio em representação do século XX </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nome completo </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><i>Titus Livius</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/59_a.C." title="59 a.C.">59 a.C.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1dua" title="Pádua">Pádua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/17" title="17">17</a> (75 anos) </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_opus" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnum opus">Magnum opus</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ab_Urbe_condita_libri" title="Ab Urbe condita libri">Ab Urbe condita libri</a></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Tito Lívio</b> (em <a href="/wiki/Latim" title="Latim">latim</a>: <i>Titus Livius</i>; <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1dua" title="Pádua">Pádua</a>, c. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">59 a.C.</span> – Pádua, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">17 d.C.</span>), conhecido simplesmente como <b>Lívio</b>, é autor da obra histórica intitulada <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_Urbe_condita_libri" title="Ab Urbe condita libri">Ab urbe condita</a></i> ("Desde a fundação da cidade"), onde tenta relatar a história de <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga">Roma</a> desde o momento tradicional da sua fundação, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">753 a.C.</span>, até ao início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século I</span> da <a href="/wiki/Era_Crist%C3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Era Cristã">Era Cristã</a>, mencionando desde os reis de Roma, tanto os primeiros, como os <a href="/wiki/Tarqu%C3%ADnios" title="Tarquínios">Tarquínios</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tito Lívio nasceu em <i>Patavium</i> (atual <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1dua" title="Pádua">Pádua</a>), no ano de <span style="white-space:nowrap;">59 a.C.</span> De origem humilde, a base de sua educação foi o estudo de <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a>. Graças a sua competência profissional como escritor, adquiriu uma situação econômica confortável. Cresceu por entre guerras civis que assolaram a <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_It%C3%A1lica" title="Península Itálica">Península Itálica</a> antes e depois da morte de <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Júlio César">Júlio César</a>, e que se encerraram com a vitória de Otávio, futuro imperador <a href="/wiki/Augusto" title="Augusto">Augusto</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_%C3%81ccio" title="Batalha de Áccio">Batalha de Áccio</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">31 a.C.</span>). Talvez esse tenha sido o motivo de Tito Lívio não ter estudado na <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia" title="Grécia">Grécia</a>, como era comum entre os romanos cultos. Estabeleceu-se em <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga">Roma</a> no ano de <span style="white-space:nowrap;">30 a.C.</span> e, nesse lugar, adquiriu grande prestígio junto a Augusto, sendo nomeado <a href="/wiki/Preceptor" title="Preceptor">preceptor</a> do jovem <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udio" title="Cláudio">Cláudio</a>, futuro imperador. Apesar disso, manteve-se isolado da política e do círculo de literatos que rodeava o imperador, que incluía <a href="/wiki/Virg%C3%ADlio" title="Virgílio">Virgílio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hor%C3%A1cio" title="Horácio">Horácio</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Ov%C3%ADdio" title="Ovídio">Ovídio</a>, e, graças a essa independência, pôde expressar suas próprias ideias. Morreu em Pádua, no ano de <span style="white-space:nowrap;">17 d.C.</span> </p><p>Tito Lívio escreveu primeiramente algumas obras filosóficas, todas elas perdidas. Nos últimos quarenta anos de sua vida, dedicou-se à narrativa da <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Roma" title="História de Roma">História de Roma</a>, desde sua fundação até ao ano de <span style="white-space:nowrap;">9 d.C.</span> Essa obra, denominada <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_Urbe_condita_libri" title="Ab Urbe condita libri">Ab Urbe condita libri</a></i> ("Desde a fundação da cidade"), é composta por 142 livros, dos quais apenas 35 chegaram a nós. Foi uma realização impressionante em tamanho e abrangência, tornando-se posteriormente um clássico e influenciando a historiografia produzida até o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span> — grandes influências foram sentidas em <a href="/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiavel" title="Nicolau Maquiavel">Nicolau Maquiavel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a> e <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>. Para escrever sua obra, Tito Lívio recorreu a diversos textos escritos por historiadores anteriores, dos quais a maioria dos textos sobreviveu apenas em pequenos fragmentos. Contudo, em boa parte da quarta e quinta década de Tito Lívio (ou, seja, dos livros 30 ao 45) podemos ver a utilização direta da obra do grego <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADbio" title="Políbio">Políbio</a> como fonte, o que nos permite fazer hoje comparações metodológicas importantes a respeito da forma de se escrever história no mundo antigo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obra_conhecida">Obra conhecida</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Obra conhecida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obra conhecida"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Ab_Urbe_condita_libri" title="Ab Urbe condita libri">Ab Urbe condita libri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ab_Urbe_condita.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ab_Urbe_condita.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Ab_Urbe_condita.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ab_Urbe_condita.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Ab_Urbe_condita.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ab_Urbe_condita.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Ab_Urbe_condita.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="4832" /></a><figcaption><i>Ab Urbe condita</i>, 1714</figcaption></figure> <p>O título da sua obra conhecida (embora com lacunas), <i>Ab Urbe Condita</i>, que pode ser traduzido como "Desde a fundação da cidade", deixa claro que o autor pretendia narrar a história de <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga">Roma</a> desde a sua mítica <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Roma" title="Fundação de Roma">fundação</a>. A obra está concebida como uma narrativa analítica (ou seja, em "anais"), modelo característico da <a href="/wiki/Historiografia" title="Historiografia">historiografia</a> romana, sobre seções cronológicas marcadas pelos eventos mais importantes de cada ano, tais como a eleição de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4nsul_(Roma_Antiga)" title="Cônsul (Roma Antiga)">cônsules</a>, que são usados como pontos de referência e datação. Tito Lívio mesmo nos diz como a falta de documentação anterior a <span style="white-space:nowrap;">390 a.C.</span>, próxima à época do <a href="/wiki/Batalha_do_%C3%81lia" class="mw-redirect" title="Batalha do Ália">saque de Roma pelos gauleses</a>, tornou mais imprecisa e insegura a narração dos fatos mais antigos da história da cidade, que então se baseou em boa parte em relatos míticos, como o dos antigos reis. </p><p>A obra de Tito Lívio era originalmente composta por 142 livros, dos quais apenas 35 são hoje conhecidos. A parte conhecida são os livros 1 a 10 e 21 a 45 (com grandes lacunas nos livros 40 a 45). Um fragmento (<a href="/wiki/Palimpsesto" title="Palimpsesto">palimpsesto</a>) do livro 91 foi descoberto em 1772 na <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_do_Vaticano" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca do Vaticano">Biblioteca do Vaticano</a>, contendo aproximadamente mil palavras. </p><p>Uma epítome, ou resumo de todos os livros, foi compilada no Baixo Império e é conhecida como <i>Periochae</i>. Sua importância para o estudo de Tito Lívio é fundamental, pois nos permite obter alguma informação sobre o conteúdo dos livros perdidos para nós. Um epítome dos livros 37 a 40 e 48 a 55 foi descoberto entre os <a href="/wiki/Papiros_de_Oxirrinco" title="Papiros de Oxirrinco">Papiros de Oxirrinco</a>. </p><p>Muitos autores romanos usaram a obra de Lívio como fonte, incluindo <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lio_V%C3%ADtor" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurélio Vítor">Aurélio Vítor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassiodoro" title="Cassiodoro">Cassiodoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eutr%C3%B3pio_(historiador)" title="Eutrópio (historiador)">Eutrópio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festo_(historiador)" title="Festo (historiador)">Festo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floro" title="Floro">Floro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%A2nio_Liciniano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grânio Liciniano (página não existe)">Grânio Liciniano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Or%C3%B3sio" class="mw-redirect" title="Orósio">Orósio</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BAlio_Obsequente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Júlio Obsequente (página não existe)">Júlio Obsequente</a> usou a obra de Tito Lívio, ou uma fonte com acesso a ela, para escrever a sua <i>De Prodigiis</i>, um relato dos acontecimentos prodigiosos e sobrenaturais ocorridos em Roma desde o consulado de <a href="/wiki/Cipi%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Cipião">Cipião</a> e <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9lio" title="Lélio">Lélio</a> (cerca de 453 <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">ab urbe condita</a></i>, isto é, cerca de <span style="white-space:nowrap;">300 a.C.</span>), até ao de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulo_F%C3%A1bio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulo Fábio (página não existe)">Paulo Fábio</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quinto_%C3%89lio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinto Élio (página não existe)">Quinto Élio</a> (742 <i>ab urbe condita</i>, isto é, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">11 d.C.</span>). </p><p>Tito Lívio escreveu a maioria da sua obra durante o reinado de <a href="/wiki/Augusto" title="Augusto">Augusto</a>, embora alguns autores atuais afirmem que era partidário da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República">República</a> e que desejava a sua restauração. Porém, como os livros contendo a descrição do fim da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana">República Romana</a> e a ascensão de Augusto não chegaram aos nossos dias, não existe confirmação dessa asserção. </p><p>Uma digressão no livro nono, seções 17 a 19, sugere que os romanos teriam derrotado <a href="/wiki/Alexandre,_o_Grande" title="Alexandre, o Grande">Alexandre, o Grande</a> se ele tivesse vivido mais tempo e se tivesse marchado para oeste para atacá-los, o que faz destas seções o primeiro exemplo de <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_alternativa" title="História alternativa">história alternativa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fic%C3%A7%C3%A3o_hist%C3%B3rica" title="Ficção histórica">ficção histórica</a> conhecido na literatura europeia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crítica"><span id="Cr.C3.ADtica"></span>Crítica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Crítica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Crítica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Quintiliano" title="Quintiliano">Quintiliano</a> enumera Tito Lívio entre os maiores historiadores de todos os tempos, do mesmo nível de <a href="/wiki/Her%C3%B3doto" title="Heródoto">Heródoto</a>; Tito Lívio "tem um charme maravilhoso, é transparente na narrativa, enquanto que seus discursos são eloquentes além do que é possível descrever, e admiravelmente adaptados em tudo que é dito tanto às circunstâncias quanto ao local. Quanto às emoções, especialmente as mais agradáveis, posso resumir dizendo que nenhum historiador já as representou com tamanha perfeição"<sup id="cite_ref-quintiliano.institutio.oratoria.10.1.101_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quintiliano.institutio.oratoria.10.1.101-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>. </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-quintiliano.institutio.oratoria.10.1.101-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-quintiliano.institutio.oratoria.10.1.101_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quintiliano" title="Quintiliano">Quintiliano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institutos_de_Orat%C3%B3ria" title="Institutos de Oratória">Institutos de Oratória</a>, Livro X, Capítulo I, 101</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>Burck, E (1934), Die Erzählungskunst des T. Livius (Berlin).</li> <li>Chaplin, J (2000), Livy’s Exemplary History (Oxford).</li> <li>Feldherr, A (1998), Spectacle and Society in Livy’s History (Berkeley and London).</li> <li>Jaeger, M (1997), Livy’s Written Rome (Ann Arbor).</li> <li>Kraus, C S and Woodman, A J (1997), Latin Historians (Oxford).</li> <li>Luce, T J (1977), Livy: The Composition of his History (Princeton).</li> <li>Miles, G B (1997), Livy: Reconstructing Early Rome (Cornell).</li> <li>Oakley, S P (1997), A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X (Oxford).</li> <li>Ogilvie, R M (1965), A Commentary on Livy Books 1 to 5 (Oxford).</li> <li>Walsh, P G (1961), Livy: His Historical Aims and Methods (Cambridge).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito_L%C3%ADvio&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint" style="width:250px; line-height:2.2em; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:1.3em"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Outros projetos <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> também contêm material sobre este tema: </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tito_L%C3%ADvio" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tito_L%C3%ADvio" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Tito Lívio"><span title="Procurar por citações no Wikiquote"><b>Citações</b></span></a> no <a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="q:Página principal"><span title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Titus_Livius" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Titus_Livius" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Titus Livius"><span title="Procurar por imagens e mídia no Commons"><b>Imagens e <i>media</i></b></span></a> no <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div id="interProject" style="display:none;"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Titus_Livius" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Titus Livius"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tito_L%C3%ADvio" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Tito Lívio"><span title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</span></a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060525183023/http://www.uah.edu/student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/latin/classical/livy/aburbe.html">Texto de <i>Ab Urbe Condita</i>;</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/li-ln/livy/periochae/periochae00.html">Texto do <i>Periochae</i>.</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" 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href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/31019">31019</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Galiciana" title="Galiciana">Galiciana</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioteca.galiciana.gal/gl/consulta_aut/registro.do?id=13649">13649</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118573624">118573624</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Projeto_Gutenberg" title="Projeto Gutenberg">Gutenberg</a>: <span class="uid"><span 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