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id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">节奏布鲁斯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。79种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="موسيقى ريذم أند بلوز – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسيقى ريذم أند بلوز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ريذم اند بلوز – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريذم اند بلوز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="R&B" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ریتم اند بلوز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریتم اند بلوز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%97tmabliozos" title="Rėtmabliozos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rėtmabliozos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BC-%D0%BD-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Рытм-н-блюз – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рытм-н-блюз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ритъм енд блус – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ритъм енд блус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C" title="রিদম অ্যান্ড ব্লুজ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিদম অ্যান্ড ব্লুজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="R&B" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="R&B" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ڕیتم و بلووز – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیتم و بلووز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_a_bl%C5%B5s" title="Rhythm a blŵs – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhythm a blŵs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_Blues" title="Rhythm and Blues – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhythm and Blues" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritmenbluso" title="Ritmenbluso – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ritmenbluso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCtm_ja_bluus" title="Rütm ja bluus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rütm ja bluus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ریتم اند بلوز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریتم اند بلوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakatagi_kei_Blues" title="Vakatagi kei Blues – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakatagi kei Blues" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceol_rithim_agus_gormacha" title="Ceol rithim agus gormacha – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceol rithim agus gormacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%27%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96" title="רית'ם אנד בלוז – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רית'ם אנד בלוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="रिद्म एंड ब्लूज़ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिद्म एंड ब्लूज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritam_i_blues" title="Ritam i blues – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ritam i blues" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%B4_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4_%D5%A2%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6" title="Ռիթմ ընդ բլյուզ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիթմ ընդ բլյուզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="R&B" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C3%BEmabl%C3%BAs" title="Ryþmablús – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ryþmablús" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="リズム・アンド・ブルース – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リズム・アンド・ブルース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93-%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="რიტმ-ენდ-ბლუზი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიტმ-ენდ-ბლუზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%AC_%EC%95%A4_%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="리듬 앤 블루스 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리듬 앤 블루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_ha_blous" title="Rhythm ha blous – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rhythm ha blous" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_Blues" title="Rhythm and Blues – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rhythm and Blues" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritmenbliuzas" title="Ritmenbliuzas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ritmenbliuzas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritmbl%C5%ABzs" title="Ritmblūzs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ritmblūzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Ритам и блуз – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ритам и блуз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ရစ်သမ် အန် ဘလူးစ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရစ်သမ် အန် ဘလူးစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_%26_Blues" title="Rhythm & Blues – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Rhythm & Blues" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="रीदम एन्ड ब्लुज् – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रीदम एन्ड ब्लुज्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm-and-blues" title="Rhythm-and-blues – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rhythm-and-blues" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC-%D0%BD-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Ритм-н-блюз – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ритм-н-блюз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="R&B" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritem_in_blues" title="Ritem in blues – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ritem in blues" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritam_i_bluz" title="Ritam i bluz – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ritam i bluz" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_na_blues" title="Rhythm na blues – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rhythm na blues" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ரிதம் அண்ட் புளூஸ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிதம் அண்ட் புளூஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ริทึมแอนด์บลูส์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริทึมแอนด์บลูส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC-%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Ритм-енд-блюз – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ритм-енд-блюз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritenblouze" title="Ritenblouze – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ritenblouze" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="节奏布鲁斯 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="节奏布鲁斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orin_Rhythm_and_blues" title="Orin Rhythm and blues – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orin Rhythm and blues" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="R&B" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; background-color: #0000E1; color:white;">节奏蓝调</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">風格起源</span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%AA%BF" title="藍調">藍調</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="福音音樂">福音音樂</a>、<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%96%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="黑人聖歌">黑人聖歌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%BA%E7%83%8F%E5%9F%BA" title="布基烏基">布吉音樂</a>、<br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="爵士樂">爵士樂</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">文化起源</span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="">1940年代，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">典型樂器</span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E4%BB%96" title="吉他">吉他</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%89%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="低音吉他">低音吉他</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E5%AD%90%E9%BC%93" class="mw-redirect" title="架子鼓">鼓</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="銅管">銅管</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="鍵盤樂器">鍵盤</a>- <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%94%B1" title="主唱">主唱</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A3%B0" title="和声">和声</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">衍生形式</span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%85%8B" title="放克">放克</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="斯卡">斯卡</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E6%A8%82" title="靈魂樂">靈魂樂</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%AC%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="雷鬼">雷鬼</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%98%9F%C2%B7%E5%96%94%E6%99%AE" title="嘟·喔普">嘟·喔普</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="搖滾">搖滾</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="迪斯可">迪斯可</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E6%8B%8D%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="节拍音乐">節拍音樂</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%98%BB%E5%93%88%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="嘻哈音樂">嘻哈音樂</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E5%B9%BB%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE" title="迷幻搖滾">迷幻搖滾</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E5%BA%AB%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE" title="車庫搖滾">車庫搖滾</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%92%E5%90%A7%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酒吧搖滾（页面不存在）">酒吧搖滾</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mod復興（页面不存在）">Mod復興</a> -<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A2" title="蒸气波">蒸氣波</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #0000E1; color: white;;">類型分支</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%AF%80%E5%A5%8F%E8%97%8D%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="當代節奏藍調">當代節奏藍調</a> - <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流暢的爵士樂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Smooth jazz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E6%9A%A2%E7%9A%84%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流暢的爵士樂（页面不存在）">流暢的爵士樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_jazz" class="extiw" title="en:Smooth jazz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Smooth jazz</span></a></span>）</span></span> -<br /> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新靈魂樂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo soul"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新靈魂樂（页面不存在）">新靈魂樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_soul" class="extiw" title="en:Neo soul"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo soul</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>节奏蓝调</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Rhythm and blues</b></span>，簡稱<b>R&B</b>或<b>RnB</b>），是一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="非裔">非裔</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%AE%B6" title="艺术家">艺术家</a>首先采用，并融合了<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B9%90" title="爵士乐">爵士乐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="福音音乐">福音音乐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝调音乐">蓝调音乐</a>的音乐形式。此音乐术语是由美国<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8A%E7%A4%BA%E7%89%8C_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)" title="告示牌 (雜誌)">告示牌</a>（Billboard）于1940年代末所提出。 </p><p>节奏蓝调最初于1947年在美国由<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8A%E7%A4%BA%E7%89%8C_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)" title="告示牌 (雜誌)">告示牌雜誌</a>的Jerry Wexler创造为一个音乐的市场营销术语<sup id="cite_ref-sacks_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，取代了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="非裔美國人音樂">种族音乐</a>（英語：Race Music，又譯黑人音樂；最初来源于黑人社群，但是被战后的社会认为是会令人很不愉快的词语），而告示牌在1949年將其分類為哈林暢銷排行榜。这个词最初被用于定义包含了12小節<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝调">蓝调</a>格式和一种带有节拍背景的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%97%8D%E8%AA%BF" title="電藍調">電藍調</a>融合<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B9%90" title="爵士乐">爵士乐</a>的音乐，后来这种音乐转变成了一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A%E4%B9%90" title="摇滚乐">摇滚乐</a>的基本元素。 </p><p>在1995年《Rock & Roll: An Unruly History》一書中，Robert Palmer把节奏蓝调定义为那些約定俗成、用来意指任何一种美国黑人创造的音乐。在他1981年出版的《Deep Blues》中，Palmer用「R&B」作为蓝调的缩写。 </p><p>Lawrence Cohn是《Nothing But the Blues》的作者，写到节奏蓝调是一个宣传人员为了产业便利所发明的，除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="古典音乐">古典音乐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="宗教音乐">宗教音乐</a>，节奏蓝调包括了所有的黑人音乐，除了那是一首<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="福音音樂">福音歌曲</a>並且其銷售足以打入流行榜。 </p><p>在1960年代，节奏蓝调被用于总括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E6%A8%82" title="靈魂樂">靈魂樂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="放克音乐">放克音樂</a>的术语。而现在R&B的缩写差不多一直被用于代替全寫「节奏蓝调」，而主流則用它來表示由<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="迪斯可">迪斯可</a>逐步變得不那麼流行而发展出来的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E8%93%9D%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="当代节奏蓝调">当代节奏蓝调</a>，一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代灵魂乐（页面不存在）">现代灵魂乐</a>受<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="放克音乐">放克音樂</a>影响的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="流行音樂">流行音樂</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>首先由<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="非洲裔美國人">非洲裔美国人</a>艺术家所演奏，融合了<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B9%90" title="爵士乐">爵士乐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="福音音乐">福音音乐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝调音乐">蓝调音乐</a>的音乐形式。 </p><p>這個音樂術語由是美國告示牌杂志（Billboard）於1940年代末所提出。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="先驱"><span id=".E5.85.88.E9.A9.B1"></span>先驱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：先驱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20世纪20年代到30年代，非洲裔美国人向芝加哥、底特律、纽约、洛杉矶等工业城市的的迁徙为爵士、蓝调以及其它各类由全职创作音乐的个人或者小团体演奏的音乐开启了一个新的篇章。节奏蓝调的先驱们来自创作爵士和蓝调音乐的音乐家。在20世纪20到30年代的末期，一些音乐家的作品开始出现爵士风格和蓝调风格的融合，如The Harlem Hamfats乐队1936年的《Oh Red》就是一个很典型的例子。类似的例子还有Lonnie Johnson, Leroy Carr, Cab Calloway, Count Basie，和T-Bone Walker他们的作品。除此之外乐器使用上也开始出现一些改变，电吉他开始成为主要的演奏乐器之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20世纪40年代后期"><span id="20.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA40.E5.B9.B4.E4.BB.A3.E5.90.8E.E6.9C.9F"></span>20世纪40年代后期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：20世纪40年代后期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1948年，唱片发行商RCA Victor在"Blues and Rhythm"分类下发行黑人音乐。在那一年，Louis Jordan占据了R&B榜单前五首歌曲中的三首，并且前五首中有两首基于boogie-woogie旋律。boogie-woogie旋律是在20世纪40年代开始流行的。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jordan的乐队Tympany Five组建于1938年，他在乐队中担任萨克斯手和歌手，同时还有其他音乐家负责小号、高音萨克斯、钢琴、贝斯和鼓。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Lawrence Cohn将Jordan的音乐描述为"grittier than his boogie-era jazz-tinged blues"<sup id="cite_ref-Cohn_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:173</sup> Robert Palmer将其描述为"urbane, rocking, jazz-based music with a heavy, insistent beat".<sup id="cite_ref-palmer146_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmer146-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jordan的音乐，还包括Big Joe Turner、Roy Brown、Billy Wright和Wynonie Harris的音乐，现在被称为jump blues。Paul Gayten、Roy Brown和其他一些音乐家当时已经尝试了现在被称为rhythm and blues的音乐风格。在1948年，Wynonie Harris重新制作了Brown在1947年发行的专辑"Good Rockin' Tonight"，并在销售榜上名列第二。乐队领袖Sonny Thompson的"Long Gone"排在第一。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1949年，"Rhythm and Blues"在Billboard上替代了原先的分类“Harlem Hit Parade”<sup id="cite_ref-Cohn_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同时在那一年，由乐队领袖兼萨克斯手的Paul Williams录制的"The Huckle-Buck"成为了排名第一的R&B音乐，并保持了接近一年。"The Huckle-Buck"由编曲人Andy Gibson所创作，由于曲调有伤风化且略显下流，它被描述为"dirty boogie"。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul Williams和他的"The Huckle-Buck"演唱会常常十分骚乱，以至于不止一次得被停止。它的歌词（由Roy Alfred所写，他同时还写了1955年上榜歌曲Rock and Roll Waltz的歌词）充满性暗示。一位来自费城的青年说"That Hucklebuck was a very nasty dance"。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 同时在1949年，一首20年的蓝调音乐"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain%27t_Nobody%27s_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain't Nobody's Business（页面不存在）">Ain't Nobody's Business</a>"的新版本在榜单上排第四（它由Jimmy Witherspoon重新创作）。Louis Jordan和他的乐队Tympany Five的作品Saturday Night Fish Fry也在此名列榜单前五。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>许多这些歌曲都是由当时刚成立的唱片公司发行，例如Savoy（成立于1942年）、King（成立于1943年）、Imperial（成立于1945年）、Specialty（成立于1946年）、Chess（成立于1947年）、Atlantic（成立于1948年）。<sup id="cite_ref-richards_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richards-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20世纪50年代"><span id="20.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA50.E5.B9.B4.E4.BB.A3"></span>20世纪50年代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：20世纪50年代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1956年，一场“Top Star of 56”蓝调音乐巡演在北美洲展开。许多当红R&B音乐人参与其中，如Chuck Berry, Cathy Carr, Shirley & Lee, Della Reese, the Cleftones等等。这场巡回演唱覆盖面非常广，所到城市中不乏美国的大城市哥伦比亚、、纽约、安纳波利斯、匹兹堡、布法罗，乐队后来又来到了加拿大进行演出，最后跨越了美国的中西部，在德克萨斯结束。这场巡演极大地提升了蓝调音乐的影响力和知名度。 </p><p>这一时期，走进大众视野的最著名的节奏蓝调音乐人是埃尔维斯·普雷斯利，即我们常说的猫王。1957年，他的两张节奏蓝调专辑取得了销量前5的好成绩，其中"Jailhouse Rock"/"Treat Me Nice"取得第一名，"All Shook Up"取得第五名。这被视为黑人艺术家创造的前所未有的成就。 </p><p>另一位爵士钢琴家兼歌手，纳京高（Nat King Cole），同样也在R&B音乐中取得了不俗的成就。他的作品"Mona Lisa"，"Too Young"，"Looking Back"/"Do I Like It"也取得了前5的好成绩。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="现代节奏藍調"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E4.BB.A3.E8.8A.82.E5.A5.8F.E8.97.8D.E8.AA.BF"></span>现代节奏藍調</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：现代节奏藍調"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>节奏蓝调在現今被定義為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非裔美式（页面不存在）">非裔美式</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="流行音樂">流行音樂</a>，源起於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="迪斯可">迪斯可</a>音樂後續之1980年代，融合了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E6%A8%82" title="靈魂樂">靈魂樂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%88%E6%AD%8C" title="黑人靈歌">黑人靈歌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%85%8B" title="放克">放克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="流行音樂">流行音樂</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%BB%E5%93%88" title="嘻哈">嘻哈</a>(1986年後)，也就是<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%AF%80%E5%A5%8F%E8%97%8D%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="當代節奏藍調">當代節奏藍調</a></b>。<b>現代节奏蓝调</b>的編制特徵包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="電音">電音</a>形式錄音製作的風格、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%9E%E6%AF%94%E9%BC%93%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="類比鼓機（页面不存在）">類比鼓機</a>的節奏，以及一種較為柔和、圓渾豐厚的歌聲。雖然其多與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%88%E6%AD%8C" title="黑人靈歌">黑人靈歌</a>那更富激越而情感高亢的音樂類別有所互異，然則兩者實互有不可或缺的重合元素，尤其在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%82%91%E5%85%8B%E6%90%96%E6%93%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="新傑克搖擺">新傑克搖擺</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%BB%E5%93%88%E9%9D%88%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘻哈靈音（页面不存在）">嘻哈靈音</a>以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新靈魂（页面不存在）">新靈魂</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%BB%E5%93%88%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="嘻哈音樂">嘻哈音樂</a>的類屬中可見一斑。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of R&B musicians" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of R&B musicians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_R%26B_musicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of R&B musicians（页面不存在）">List of R&B musicians</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_R%26B_musicians" class="extiw" title="en:List of R&B musicians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of R&B musicians</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sacks-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sacks_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sacks, Leo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123075230/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D7163BF93AA1575BC0A965958260">The Soul of Jerry Wexler</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. 1993-08-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D7163BF93AA1575BC0A965958260">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=The+Soul+of+Jerry+Wexler&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.date=1993-08-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F0CE7D7163BF93AA1575BC0A965958260&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211063603/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R&B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1947">Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1947</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8A%E7%A4%BA%E7%89%8C_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)" title="告示牌 (雜誌)">Billboard</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1947">原始内容</a>存档于2007-12-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs+1947&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbbcom%2Fcharts%2Fyearend_chart_display.jsp%3Ff%3DHot%2BR%2526B%252FHip-Hop%2BSongs%26g%3DYear-end%2BSingles%26year%3D1947&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513002915/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=8211">Louis Jordan at All About Jazz</a>. Allaboutjazz.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-01-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=8211">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Louis+Jordan+at+All+About+Jazz&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Allaboutjazz.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutjazz.com%2Fphp%2Fmusician.php%3Fid%3D8211&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohn-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohn_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohn_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cohn, Lawrence; Aldin, Mary Katherine; Bastin, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nothingbutbluesm00cohn">Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musicians</a>. Abbeville Press. September 1993: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nothingbutbluesm00cohn/page/314">314</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55859-271-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55859-271-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-55859-271-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.au=Aldin%2C+Mary+Katherine&rft.au=Bastin%2C+Bruce&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.btitle=Nothing+but+the+Blues%3A+The+Music+and+the+Musicians&rft.date=1993-09&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55859-271-1&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnothingbutbluesm00cohn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-palmer146-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-palmer146_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Palmer, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deepblues00palm">Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta</a> paperback. Penguin. 1982-07-29: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deepblues00palm/page/146">146</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-14-006223-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-14-006223-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-14-006223-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.btitle=Deep+Blues%3A+A+Musical+and+Cultural+History+of+the+Mississippi+Delta&rft.date=1982-07-29&rft.edition=paperback&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-14-006223-6&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Penguin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeepblues00palm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309211200/http://www.vocalgroupharmony.com/Swinging.htm">The Vocal Group Harmony Web Site</a>. Vocalgroupharmony.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vocalgroupharmony.com/Swinging.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-03-09） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=The+Vocal+Group+Harmony+Web+Site&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Vocalgroupharmony.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vocalgroupharmony.com%2FSwinging.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061020155858/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R&B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1948">Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1948</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8A%E7%A4%BA%E7%89%8C_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)" title="告示牌 (雜誌)">Billboard</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1948">原始内容</a>存档于2006-10-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs+1948&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbbcom%2Fcharts%2Fyearend_chart_display.jsp%3Ff%3DHot%2BR%2526B%252FHip-Hop%2BSongs%26g%3DYear-end%2BSingles%26year%3D1948&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1444711/bio">Andy Gibson在互联网电影资料库（IMDb）上的传记資料</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507041459/http://wfmu.org/LCD/26/huck1.html">Hucklebuck!</a>. Wfmu.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wfmu.org/LCD/26/huck1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Hucklebuck%21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wfmu.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfmu.org%2FLCD%2F26%2Fhuck1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404093050/http://wfmu.org/LCD/26/huck2.html">Hucklebuck!</a>. Wfmu.org. 1948-12-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wfmu.org/LCD/26/huck2.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-04-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Hucklebuck%21&rft.date=1948-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wfmu.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfmu.org%2FLCD%2F26%2Fhuck2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061020155057/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R&B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1949">– Year End Charts – Year-end Singles – Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs</a>. Billboard.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1949">原始内容</a>存档于2006-10-20） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E2%80%93+Year+End+Charts+%E2%80%93+Year-end+Singles+%E2%80%93+Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Billboard.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbbcom%2Fcharts%2Fyearend_chart_display.jsp%3Ff%3DHot%2BR%2526B%252FHip-Hop%2BSongs%26g%3DYear-end%2BSingles%26year%3D1949&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-richards-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-richards_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091207042839/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419101026/?tag=content;col1">Tad Richards, "Rhythm and Blues", St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture</a>. Findarticles.com. 2002-01-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419101026/?tag=content;col1">原始内容</a>存档于2009-12-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Tad+Richards%2C+%22Rhythm+and+Blues%22%2C+St.+James+Encyclopedia+of+Pop+Culture&rft.date=2002-01-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Findarticles.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_g1epc%2Fis_tov%2Fai_2419101026%2F%3Ftag%3Dcontent%3Bcol1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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