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<li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Prime Minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lord_Rosebery's_government,_March_1894_–_June_1895" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lord_Rosebery's_government,_March_1894_–_June_1895"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Lord Rosebery's government, March 1894 – June 1895</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lord_Rosebery's_government,_March_1894_–_June_1895-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberal_Imperialists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_Imperialists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Liberal Imperialists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_Imperialists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1905_onwards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1905_onwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>1905 onwards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1905_onwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Progeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and burial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporting_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporting_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sporting interests</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sporting_interests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sporting interests subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sporting_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Horse_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Horse racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literary interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landholdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landholdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Landholdings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landholdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_evaluations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_evaluations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legacy and evaluations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy_and_evaluations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy and evaluations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_evaluations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Place-name_tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place-name_tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Place-name tributes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place-name_tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="أرشيبالد بريمروز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرشيبالد بريمروز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B7" title="Арчыбальд Прымраўз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арчыбальд Прымраўз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B7" title="Арчыбальд Прымроўз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арчыбальд Прымроўз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Арчибалд Примроуз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арчибалд Примроуз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Philip_Primrose,_5._jarl_af_Rosebery" title="Archibald Philip Primrose, 5. jarl af Rosebery – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Archibald Philip Primrose, 5. jarl af Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5._Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5. Earl of Rosebery – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5. Earl of Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose_(Roseberyko_V._kondea)" title="Archibald Primrose (Roseberyko V. kondea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Archibald Primrose (Roseberyko V. kondea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="آرچیبالد پریمروز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرچیبالد پریمروز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose_(5e_comte_de_Rosebery)" title="Archibald Primrose (5e comte de Rosebery) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archibald Primrose (5e comte de Rosebery)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5%C3%BA_hIarla_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5ú hIarla Rosebery – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5ú hIarla Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5mh_Iarla_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5mh Iarla Rosebery – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5mh Iarla Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C5%EB%8C%80_%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B0%B1%EC%9E%91_%EC%95%84%EC%B9%98%EB%B3%BC%EB%93%9C_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88" title="제5대 로즈베리 백작 아치볼드 프림로즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제5대 로즈베리 백작 아치볼드 프림로즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BA_%D5%93%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%A6" title="Արչիբալդ Ֆիլիպ Փրիմռոզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արչիբալդ Ֆիլիպ Փրիմռոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="अर्ल आफ रोज़बेरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्ल आफ रोज़बेरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5ma_Komto_de_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5ma Komto de Rosebery – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5ma Komto de Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_Earl_Rosebery_V" title="Archibald Primrose, Earl Rosebery V – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Archibald Primrose, Earl Rosebery V" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_jarl_af_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, jarl af Rosebery – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Archibald Primrose, jarl af Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_V_conte_di_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, V conte di Rosebery – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Archibald Primrose, V conte di Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96" title="ארצ'יבולד פרימרוז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארצ'יבולד פרימרוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="არჩიბალდ პრიმროუზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არჩიბალდ პრიმროუზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Philip_Primrose,_5es_Yurl_Rosebery" title="Archibald Philip Primrose, 5es Yurl Rosebery – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Archibald Philip Primrose, 5es Yurl Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibaldus_Philippus_Primrose" title="Archibaldus Philippus Primrose – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archibaldus Philippus Primrose" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%8Dibalds_Primrouzs" title="Arčibalds Primrouzs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arčibalds Primrouzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D" title="आर्चिबाल्ड प्रिमरोझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्चिबाल्ड प्रिमरोझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ارشيبالد بريمروز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارشيبالد بريمروز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA_(%E7%AC%AC5%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5)" title="アーチボルド・プリムローズ (第5代ローズベリー伯爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーチボルド・プリムローズ (第5代ローズベリー伯爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Philip_Primrose" title="Archibald Philip Primrose – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Archibald Philip Primrose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5en_Comte_de_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5en Comte de Rosebery – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5en Comte de Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5.%C2%BA_Conde_de_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5.º Conde de Rosebery – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5.º Conde de Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF,_5-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Примроуз, Арчибальд Филипп, 5-й граф Розбери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Примроуз, Арчибальд Филипп, 5-й граф Розбери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5t_Yerl_o_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5t Yerl o Rosebery – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5t Yerl o Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5._earl_od_Roseberyja" title="Archibald Primrose, 5. earl od Roseberyja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5. earl od Roseberyja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Archibald Primrose" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5:e_earl_av_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5:e earl av Rosebery – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5:e earl av Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="อาร์ชิบอลด์ พริมโรส เอิร์ลที่ 5 แห่งโรสเบรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์ชิบอลด์ พริมโรส เอิร์ลที่ 5 แห่งโรสเบรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Арчиболд Примрос – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Арчиболд Примрос" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Арчибальд Прімроуз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арчибальд Прімроуз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%87%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="第五代羅斯伯里伯爵阿奇博爾德·普里姆羅斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第五代羅斯伯里伯爵阿奇博爾德·普里姆羅斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q244620#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1894 to 1895</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lord Rosebery" and "The Earl of Rosebery" redirect here. For other holders of the title, see <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Earl of Rosebery">Earl of Rosebery</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Earl of Rosebery</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Companion of the Order of the Thistle">KT</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg/220px-The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg/330px-The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg/440px-The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="2607" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Lord Rosebery in 1909</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 March 1894 – 22 June 1895</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 June 1895 – 6 October 1896</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Marquess of Salisbury</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Marquess of Salisbury</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Harcourt">Sir William Harcourt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 March 1894 – 21 June 1895</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">The Duke of Devonshire</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 August 1892 – 10 March 1894</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Ewart Gladstone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Marquess of Salisbury</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 February 1886 – 3 August 1886</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Ewart Gladstone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Marquess of Salisbury</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">The Earl of Iddesleigh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 March 1885 – 9 June 1885</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Ewart Gladstone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Parkinson-Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Carlingford" title="Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford">The Lord Carlingford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_3rd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Commissioner_of_Works" title="First Commissioner of Works">First Commissioner of Works</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 February 1885 – 9 June 1885</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Ewart Gladstone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Shaw-Lefevre" class="mw-redirect" title="George Shaw-Lefevre">George Shaw-Lefevre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Plunket" class="mw-redirect" title="David Plunket">David Plunket</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 1881 – June 1883</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Ewart Gladstone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Courtney" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Courtney">Leonard Courtney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._T._Hibbert" title="J. T. Hibbert">J. T. Hibbert</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer" title="Hereditary peer">Hereditary peerage</a></b></span><br />7 May 1868 – 21 May 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery">The 4th Earl of Rosebery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">The 6th Earl of Rosebery</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Archibald Philip Primrose</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-05-07</span>)</span>7 May 1847<br /><a href="/wiki/Mayfair" title="Mayfair">Mayfair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 1929<span style="display:none">(1929-05-21)</span> (aged 82)<br /><a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Dalmeny Parish Church, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_de_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannah de Rothschild">Hannah de Rothschild</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="20 March 1878">1878</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="19 November 1890">1890</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sybil_Grant" title="Lady Sybil Grant">Sybil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Crewe-Milnes" title="Peggy Crewe-Milnes">Peggy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">Harry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Primrose_(politician)" title="Neil Primrose (politician)">Neil</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_Lord_Dalmeny" title="Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny">Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Powlett,_Duchess_of_Cleveland" title="Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland">Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg/128px-Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg/192px-Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg/256px-Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery,_KG,_KT,_PC,_FRS,_FBA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery%2C_KG%2C_KT%2C_PC%2C_FRS%2C_FBA.png/250px-Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery%2C_KG%2C_KT%2C_PC%2C_FRS%2C_FBA.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery%2C_KG%2C_KT%2C_PC%2C_FRS%2C_FBA.png/375px-Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery%2C_KG%2C_KT%2C_PC%2C_FRS%2C_FBA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery%2C_KG%2C_KT%2C_PC%2C_FRS%2C_FBA.png/500px-Shield_of_arms_of_Archibald_Primrose%2C_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery%2C_KG%2C_KT%2C_PC%2C_FRS%2C_FBA.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Quartered arms of Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, KG, KT, PC, FRS, FBA</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Companion of the Order of the Thistle">KT</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (7 May 1847 – 21 May 1929) was a British <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> from March 1894 to June 1895. Between the death of his father, in 1851, and the death of his grandfather, the <a href="/wiki/4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Earl of Rosebery">4th Earl of Rosebery</a>, in 1868, he was known by the <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom">courtesy title</a> of <b>Lord Dalmeny</b>. </p><p>Rosebery first came to national attention in 1879 by sponsoring the successful <a href="/wiki/Midlothian_campaign" title="Midlothian campaign">Midlothian campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>. He briefly was in charge of Scottish affairs. His most successful performance in office came as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> in 1889. He entered the cabinet in 1885 and served twice as foreign minister, paying special attention to French and German affairs. He succeeded Gladstone as prime minister and leader of the Liberal Party in 1894; the Liberals lost the <a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895 election</a>. He resigned the party leadership in 1896 and never again held political office. </p><p>Rosebery was widely known as a brilliant <a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">orator</a>, an outstanding sportsman and marksman, a writer and historian, connoisseur and collector. All of these activities attracted him more than politics, which grew boring and unattractive. Furthermore, he drifted to the right of the Liberal party and became a bitter critic of its policies. <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, observing that he never adapted to democratic electoral competition, quipped: "He would not stoop; he did not conquer."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosebery was a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Imperialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Imperialist">Liberal Imperialist</a> who favoured strong national defence and imperialism abroad and social reform at home, while being solidly <a href="/wiki/Anti-socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-socialist">anti-socialist</a>. Historians judge him a failure as foreign minister<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_early_life">Origins and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archibald Philip Primrose was born on 7 May 1847 in his parents' house in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Street,_Mayfair" title="Charles Street, Mayfair">Charles Street, Mayfair</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_Lord_Dalmeny" title="Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny">Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny</a> (1809–1851), son and <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery</a> (1783–1868), whom he predeceased. Lord Dalmeny was a courtesy title used by the Earl's eldest son and heir apparent, during the Earl's lifetime, and was one of the Earl's lesser <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Scottish titles</a>. Lord Dalmeny (died 1851) was MP for <a href="/wiki/Stirling_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stirling (UK Parliament constituency)">Stirling</a> from 1832 to 1847 and served as <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> under <a href="/wiki/Lord_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Melbourne">Lord Melbourne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosebery's mother was Lady <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Stanhope_(Duchess_of_Cleveland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine Stanhope (Duchess of Cleveland)">(Catherine Lucy) Wilhelmina Stanhope</a> (1819–1901), a historian who later wrote under her second married name "the Duchess of Cleveland", a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Stanhope,_4th_Earl_Stanhope" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope">Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope</a>. Lord Dalmeny died on 23 January 1851, having predeceased his father, when the <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy title</a> passed to his son, the future Rosebery, as the new heir to the earldom.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1854 his mother remarried to Lord Harry Vane (later after 1864 known as <a href="/wiki/Harry_Powlett,_4th_Duke_of_Cleveland" title="Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland">Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between mother and son was very poor. His elder and favourite sister Lady Leconfield was the wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wyndham,_2nd_Baron_Leconfield" title="Henry Wyndham, 2nd Baron Leconfield">Henry Wyndham, 2nd Baron Leconfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_youth">Education and youth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalmeny attended preparatory schools in <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> (1860–65<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). At Eton, he formed a close attachment to his tutor <a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_Cory" title="William Johnson Cory">William Johnson Cory</a>: they visited <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> together in 1864, and maintained correspondence for years afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalmeny proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>, matriculating in January 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time at Oxford he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bullingdon_Club" title="Bullingdon Club">Bullingdon Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left Oxford in 1868:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalmeny bought a horse named Ladas, although a rule banned <a href="/wiki/Undergraduates" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduates">undergraduates</a> from owning horses. When he was found out, he was offered a choice: to sell the horse or to give up his studies. He chose the latter, and subsequently was a prominent figure in British horseracing for 40 years. </p><p>The three Prime Ministers from 1880 to 1902, namely <a href="/wiki/Gladstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Gladstone">Gladstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Arthur_Talbot_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a> and Rosebery, all attended both Eton and Christ Church. Rosebery toured the United States in 1873, 1874 and 1876. He was pressed to marry <a href="/wiki/Marie_Fox" title="Marie Fox">Marie Fox</a>, the sixteen-year-old adopted daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_4th_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland">Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland</a>. She declined him because she was unwilling to renounce <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession_to_earldom">Succession to earldom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Succession to earldom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Special:EditPage/Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When his grandfather died in 1868, Dalmeny became 5th <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Earl of Rosebery">Earl of Rosebery</a>. The earldom did not of itself entitle Archibald Primrose to sit in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, nor disqualify him from sitting in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. The title is part of the old <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a>, from which 16 members (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_representative_peer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish representative peer">Scottish representative peers</a>) were elected to sit in the Lords for each session of Parliament. However, in 1828, Rosebery's grandfather had been created 1st <a href="/wiki/Baron_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Rosebery">Baron Rosebery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">Peerage of the United Kingdom</a>, which did entitle Rosebery to sit in the Lords like all peers of the United Kingdom, and barred him from a career in the House of Commons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rosebery inherited his title from <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery">his grandfather</a> in 1868, aged 21, together with an income of £30,000 a year (equivalent to £3.41 million in present-day terms<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). He owned 40,000 acres (160 km<sup>2</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and land in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, Hertfordshire, and <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosebery is reputed to have said that he had three aims in life: to win <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">the Derby</a>, to marry an heiress, and to become <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He managed all three. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Eton, Rosebery notably attacked <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despotism</a>, and went on to praise his <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> forebears – his ancestor, <a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_1st_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope">James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope</a>, was a minister to <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I of Great Britain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a> often met with Rosebery in the 1870s to try to recruit him for his party, but this proved futile. Disraeli's major rival, <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, also pursued Rosebery, with considerable success. </p><p>As part of the Liberal plan to get Gladstone to be MP for <a href="/wiki/Midlothian_(UK_Parliament_constituency)_(1708%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlothian (UK Parliament constituency) (1708–1918)">Midlothian</a>, Rosebery sponsored and largely ran the <a href="/wiki/Midlothian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlothian Campaign">Midlothian Campaign</a> of 1879. He based this on what he had observed in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">elections in the United States</a>. Gladstone spoke from open-deck trains, and gathered mass support. In 1880, he was duly elected Member for Midlothian and returned to the premiership.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosebery served as Foreign Secretary in Gladstone's brief third ministry in 1886. He served as the first chairman of the London County Council, set up by the Conservatives in 1889. Rosebery Avenue in Clerkenwell is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Co-operative_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Co-operative Congress">President</a> of the first day of the 1890 <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Congress" title="Co-operative Congress">Co-operative Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1892 he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">Knight of the Order of the Garter</a>. Rosebery's second period as Foreign Secretary, 1892–1894, predominantly involved quarrels with France over <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>. To quote his hero <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, Rosebery thought that "the Master of Egypt is the Master of India"; thus he pursued the policy of expansion in Africa. He helped Gladstone's Second Home Rule Bill in the House of Lords; nevertheless it was defeated overwhelmingly in the autumn of 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first bill had been defeated in the House of Commons in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister">Prime Minister<span class="anchor" id="Premiership"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prime Minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rosebery_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosebery ministry">Rosebery ministry</a></div> <p>Rosebery became a leader of the Liberal Imperialist faction of the Liberal Party and when Gladstone retired, in 1894, Rosebery succeeded him as Prime Minister, much to the disgust of Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Vernon_Harcourt_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Vernon Harcourt (politician)">William Harcourt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and leader of the more left-wing Liberals. Rosebery's selection was largely because <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> disliked most of the other leading Liberals. Rosebery was in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, but Harcourt controlled the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, where he often undercut the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosebery's government was largely unsuccessful, as in the <a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Armenian crisis of 1895–96</a>. He spoke out for a strongly pro-Armenian and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Turkish">anti-Turkish</a> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gladstone, a prime minister in retirement, called on Britain to intervene alone. The added pressure weakened Rosebery.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His designs in foreign policy, such as an expansion of the fleet, were defeated by disagreements within the Liberal Party. He angered all the European powers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Unionist-dominated House of Lords stopped the whole of the Liberals' domestic legislation. The strongest figure in the cabinet was Rosebery's rival, Harcourt. He and his son <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Harcourt">Lewis</a> were perennial critics of Rosebery's policies. There were two future prime ministers in the Cabinet, <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a>. Rosebery rapidly lost interest in running the government. In the last year of his premiership, he was increasingly haggard: he suffered <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a> due to the continual dissension in his Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 June 1895, the government <a href="/wiki/1895_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Rosebery_ministry" title="1895 vote of no confidence in the Rosebery ministry">lost a vote</a> in committee on army supply by just seven votes. While this might have been treated merely as a vote of no confidence in Secretary for War Campbell-Bannerman, Rosebery chose to treat it as a vote of censure on his government. On 22 June, he and his ministers tendered their resignations to the Queen, who invited the Unionist leader, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a>, to form a government. The following month, the Unionists won a crushing victory in the <a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895 general election</a>, and held power for ten years (1895–1905) under Salisbury and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>. Rosebery remained the Liberal leader for another year, then permanently retired from politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lord_Rosebery's_government,_March_1894_–_June_1895"><span id="Lord_Rosebery.27s_government.2C_March_1894_.E2.80.93_June_1895"></span>Lord Rosebery's government, March 1894 – June 1895</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lord Rosebery's government, March 1894 – June 1895"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lord Rosebery – <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Herschell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Herschell">Lord Herschell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Marjoribanks,_2nd_Baron_Tweedmouth" title="Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth">Lord Tweedmouth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for the Home Department">Secretary of State for the Home Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Lord Kimberley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Ripon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Ripon">Lord Ripon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hartley_Fowler,_1st_Viscount_Wolverhampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hartley Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton">Sir Henry Hartley Fowler</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Vernon_Harcourt_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Vernon Harcourt (politician)">William Harcourt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Poyntz_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">Lord Spencer</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_John_Mundella" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony John Mundella">Anthony John Mundella</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Morley" title="Arnold Morley">Arnold Morley</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Postmaster General">Postmaster-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_John_Shaw-Lefevre" class="mw-redirect" title="George John Shaw-Lefevre">George John Shaw-Lefevre</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Local_Government_Board" title="President of the Local Government Board">President of the Local Government Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">James Bryce</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morley" title="John Morley">John Morley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Ireland" title="Chief Secretary for Ireland">Chief Secretary for Ireland</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Otto_Trevelyan" class="mw-redirect" title="George Otto Trevelyan">George Otto Trevelyan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary for Scotland">Secretary for Scotland</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herbert_Dyke_Acland" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland">Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of the Council">Vice-President of the Council</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Changes">Changes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May 1894: James Bryce succeeds A. J. Mundella at the Board of Trade. Lord Tweedmouth succeeds Bryce at the Duchy of Lancaster, remaining also Lord Privy Seal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg/220px-Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg/330px-Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg/440px-Earl_of_Rosebery_Vanity_Fair_14_March_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Rosebery caricatured by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ward" title="Leslie Ward">Spy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)"><i>Vanity Fair</i></a>, 1901</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liberal_Imperialists">Liberal Imperialists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Liberal Imperialists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosebery resigned as leader of the Liberal Party on 6 October 1896, to be succeeded by William Harcourt and gradually moved further and further from the mainstream of the party. With the Liberals in opposition divided over the <a href="/wiki/Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a> which started in 1899, Rosebery, although officially politically inactive, emerged as the head of the "<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Imperialists" title="Liberal Imperialists">Liberal Imperialists</a>" faction of the party, opposed to Irish <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">Home rule</a>. He supported the war, and brought along many nonconformists likewise.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the war was opposed by a younger faction of Liberals, including <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> and the party leader <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosebery's acolytes, including <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Edward Grey</a>, regularly implored him to return as party leader and even Campbell-Bannerman said he would serve under Rosebery, if he accepted fundamental Liberal party doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a much trailed speech to the Chesterfield Liberal Association in December 1901, Rosebery was widely expected to announce his return but instead delivered what Harcourt's son and private secretary <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Harcourt">Lewis</a> described as "an insult to the whole past of the Liberal party", by telling the party to "clean its slate".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902 Rosebery was installed as president of the newly formed "<a href="/wiki/Liberal_League_(United_Kingdom)" title="Liberal League (United Kingdom)">Liberal League</a>" which superseded the Liberal Imperialist League and counted amongst its vice presidents Asquith and Grey.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)#Honorary_Colonel" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Honorary Colonel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Midlothian_Artillery_Volunteers" title="1st Midlothian Artillery Volunteers">1st Midlothian Artillery Volunteers</a> from January 1903 until his death in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1905_onwards">1905 onwards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1905 onwards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosebery's positions made it impossible to join the Liberal government that returned to power in 1905. Rosebery turned to writing, including biographies of <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pitt the Elder">Lord Chatham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitt_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a>. Another one of his passionate interests was the collecting of rare books. </p><p>The last years of his political life saw Rosebery become a purely negative critic of the Liberal governments of <a href="/wiki/Campbell-Bannerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asquith" class="mw-redirect" title="Asquith">Asquith</a>. His crusade "for freedom as against bureaucracy, for freedom as against democratic tyranny, for freedom as against class legislation, and ... for freedom as against Socialism"<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a lonely one, conducted from the crossbenches in the Lords. He joined the die-hard unionist peers in attacking <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>'s redistributive <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Budget" title="People's Budget">People's Budget</a> in 1909 but stopped short of voting against the measure for fear of bringing retribution upon the Lords. The crisis provoked by the Lords' rejection of the budget encouraged him to reintroduce his resolutions for Lords reform, but they were lost with the dissolution of parliament in December 1910. </p><p>After assaulting the "ill-judged, revolutionary and partisan" terms of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">1911 Parliament Bill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which proposed to curb the Lords' veto, he voted with the government in what proved to be his last appearance in the House of Lords. This was effectively the end of his public life, though he made several public appearances to support the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">war</a> effort after 1914 and sponsored a "<a href="/wiki/Bantam_battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantam battalion">bantam battalion</a>" in 1915. Though Lloyd George offered him "a high post not involving departmental labour" to augment his 1916 coalition, Rosebery declined to serve.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Special:EditPage/Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HdeR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/HdeR.png/170px-HdeR.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/HdeR.png/255px-HdeR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/HdeR.png/340px-HdeR.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Hannah de Rothschild, portrait by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Leighton,_1st_Baron_Leighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton">Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 March 1878, 31-year-old Rosebery married 27-year-old <a href="/wiki/Hannah_de_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannah de Rothschild">Hannah de Rothschild</a> (1851–1890), only child and sole heiress of the Jewish banker <a href="/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_de_Rothschild" title="Mayer Amschel de Rothschild">Mayer Amschel de Rothschild</a>, and the wealthiest British heiress of her day. Her father had died four years previously in 1874, and bequeathed to her the bulk of his estate. The wedding was held (registered) at the office of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Guardians" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Guardians">Board of Guardians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Street,_London" title="Mount Street, London">Mount Street, London</a>. Later the same day, the marriage was blessed at a Christian ceremony in Christ Church, Down Street, <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">The Prince of Wales</a> and the Queen's cousin, the army commander <a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Prince George, Duke of Cambridge">Prince George, Duke of Cambridge</a>, were among the guests who attended the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marriage was a happy one. In January 1878, Rosebery had told a friend that he found Hannah "very simple, very unspoilt, very clever, very warm-hearted and very shy ... I never knew such a beautiful character." Hannah's death in 1890 from <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>, compounded by <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a>, left him distraught. </p><p>More than a decade after his wife's death, in July 1901, it was speculated that Rosebery intended to marry the widowed <a href="/wiki/Princess_Helena,_Duchess_of_Albany" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Helena, Duchess of Albany">Princess Helena, Duchess of Albany</a>, widow of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany">Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany</a>, youngest son of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Princess Helena was also the sister of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Emma of the Netherlands">Queen Emma of the Netherlands</a>. However, Rosebery never remarried. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progeny">Progeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Progeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By his wife Hannah de Rothschild, Rosebery had two sons and two daughters, with whom, according to <a href="/wiki/Margot_Asquith" title="Margot Asquith">Margot Asquith</a>, he loved to play: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Harry_Meyer_Archibald_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Harry Meyer Archibald Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">Albert Edward Harry Meyer Archibald Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery</a> known as <i>Harry</i> (8 January 1882 – 30 May 1974) he married Lady Dorothy Grosvenor (granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lupus_Grosvenor,_1st_Duke_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster">Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster</a> through his third son Lord Henry Grosvenor) on 15 April 1909 and was divorced from her in 1919. They had two children. He married Hon. Eva Isabel Bruce (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell_Bruce,_2nd_Baron_Aberdare" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare">Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare</a>) on 24 June 1924. They had two children.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_James_Archibald_Primrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Neil James Archibald Primrose">Neil James Archibald Primrose</a> (14 December 1882 – 18 November 1917), who married Lady Victoria Stanley (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_17th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby">Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby</a>) on 7 April 1915. They had one daughter: <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wood,_Countess_of_Halifax" title="Ruth Wood, Countess of Halifax">Ruth Wood, Countess of Halifax</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sybil_Grant" title="Lady Sybil Grant">Lady Sybil Primrose</a> (18 September 1879 – 25 February 1955), who married General Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grant_(British_Army_officer)" title="Charles Grant (British Army officer)">Charles Grant</a> on 28 March 1903. They had one son.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Crewe-Milnes" title="Peggy Crewe-Milnes">Lady Margaret "Peggy" Etrenne Hannah Primrose</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1 January 1881 – 13 March 1967), who married <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe</a> on 20 April 1899. They had a son, who died in childhood, and a daughter: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Innes-Ker,_Duchess_of_Roxburghe" title="Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe">Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe</a>. As Lady Crewe, she became one of the first seven women appointed as magistrates in 1919 following the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Sex_Disqualification_(Removal)_Act_1919" title="Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919">Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout his life, it was rumoured that Rosebery was <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>. He was a notorious <a href="/wiki/Misogynist" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogynist">misogynist</a>, and liked to surround himself with younger men.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a student at Eton, beyond his close relationship with his tutor, <a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_Cory" title="William Johnson Cory">William Johnson Cory</a>, he likely had feelings for at least one fellow student, Frederick Vyner. He was devastated by Vyner's <a href="/wiki/Dilessi_murders" title="Dilessi murders">murder at the hands of Greek brigands in 1870</a>, keeping the anniversary sacred for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, he was hounded by <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas,_9th_Marquess_of_Queensberry" title="John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry">John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry</a> for his association with <a href="/wiki/Francis_Douglas,_Viscount_Drumlanrig" title="Francis Douglas, Viscount Drumlanrig">Francis Douglas, Viscount Drumlanrig</a>, Queensberry's first born son<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – who had become his private secretary in 1892 when Rosebery became Foreign Secretary. A few months later he arranged for Drumlanrig, who was 26 at the time, to be made a junior member of the government with a seat in the House of Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the preliminary hearing of the case against Wilde, a letter from Queensberry was produced referring to him as 'a damned cur and coward of the Rosebery type'.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 October 1894, sixteen months after his ennoblement, Drumlanrig died from injuries received during a shooting party. The inquest returned a verdict of "accidental death", but his death was rumoured potentially to be suicide or murder.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was speculated at the time<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Drumlanrig may have had a romantic, if not sexual, relationship with Rosebery. </p><p>The suggestion was that Queensberry had threatened to expose the Prime Minister if his government did not vigorously prosecute Wilde for the latter's relationship with Drumlanrig's younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Alfred_Douglas" title="Lord Alfred Douglas">Lord Alfred Douglas</a>. Queensberry believed, as he put it in a letter, that "Snob Queers like Rosebery" had corrupted his sons, and he held Rosebery indirectly responsible for Drumlanrig's death.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed to have evidence of Rosebery's transgressions but that was never confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using a minor defeat in Parliament that did not warrant such action, Rosebery resigned from the Premiership on 22 June 1895. This was a few months after the death of Drumlanrig and not quite a month after Wilde was convicted on 25 May, his life and reputation destroyed by a man who was also pursuing Rosebery for the same reason he was after Wilde. In August 1893, Queensberry had followed Rosebery to the spa town of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg" title="Bad Homburg">Bad Homburg</a> with the declared intention of giving him a horse-whipping, and had to be dissuaded by the Prince of Wales who was also staying there.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his recollections, Rosebery wrote: "I cannot forget 1895. To lie awake night after night, wide awake, hopeless of sleep, tormented of nerves, and to realise all that was going on, at which I was present, so to speak, like a disembodied spirit, to watch one's own corpse, as it were day after day, is an experience which no sane man would repeat."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Backhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edmund Backhouse">Sir Edmund Backhouse</a> wrote in his unpublished memoirs that he had been one of Rosebery's lovers – although it has been suggested that many of Backhouse's claims were dubiously made.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rhodes_James" title="Robert Rhodes James">Robert Rhodes James</a>, who wrote a biography of Rosebery in 1963 (when homosexuality was still illegal in Britain), makes no mention of homosexual relationships at all, while for <a href="/wiki/Leo_McKinstry" title="Leo McKinstry">Leo McKinstry</a>, who was writing in 2005, the evidence that Rosebery was homosexual is circumstantial. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloch" title="Michael Bloch">Michael Bloch</a>, in 2015, has, however, no doubt that Rosebery was at least romantically interested in men, making him one of the four figures presented in the first chapter of his book on homosexual and bisexual British politicians of the 20th century. In his view, any remaining evidence (of which he gives a long list) can only be circumstantial in any case, considering Rosebery's paranoid taste for secrecy.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durdans_(1)_(geograph_2742620).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Durdans_%281%29_%28geograph_2742620%29.jpg/220px-Durdans_%281%29_%28geograph_2742620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Durdans_%281%29_%28geograph_2742620%29.jpg/330px-Durdans_%281%29_%28geograph_2742620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Durdans_%281%29_%28geograph_2742620%29.jpg/440px-Durdans_%281%29_%28geograph_2742620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Durdans, Woodcote End, Epsom, Surrey, England was the place of Rosebery's demise in 1929, shown in 2011. Its gardens are smaller than when engraved by <a href="/wiki/John_Hassell_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hassell (artist)">John Hassell</a> in 1816.</figcaption></figure> <p>The last year of the war was clouded by two personal tragedies: his son <a href="/wiki/Neil_Primrose_(politician)" title="Neil Primrose (politician)">Neil</a>'s death in Palestine in November 1917 and Rosebery's own <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> a few days before the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Germany_(Compi%C3%A8gne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)">armistice</a>. He regained his mental powers, but his movement, hearing, and sight remained impaired for the rest of his life. His sister Constance described his last years as a "life of weariness, of total inactivity, and at the last of almost blindness". <a href="/wiki/John_Buchan" title="John Buchan">John Buchan</a> remembered him in his last month of life, "crushed by bodily weakness" and "sunk in sad and silent meditations".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosebery died at his <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>, Surrey home of The Durdans on 21 May 1929, to the accompaniment, as he had requested, of a gramophone recording of the "<a href="/wiki/Eton_Boating_Song" title="Eton Boating Song">Eton Boating Song</a>". Survived by three of his four children, he was buried in the small church at <a href="/wiki/Dalmeny" title="Dalmeny">Dalmeny</a>. By the time of his death, he was the last <a href="/wiki/Victorian-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian-era">Victorian-era</a> British Prime Minister alive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sporting_interests">Sporting interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sporting interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Special:EditPage/Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_racing">Horse racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Horse racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of his marriage to Hannah de Rothschild, Rosebery acquired the <a href="/wiki/Mentmore_Towers" title="Mentmore Towers">Mentmore Towers</a> estate and Mentmore <a href="/wiki/Stud_farm" title="Stud farm">stud</a> near <a href="/wiki/Leighton_Buzzard" title="Leighton Buzzard">Leighton Buzzard</a> which had been built by <a href="/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_de_Rothschild" title="Mayer Amschel de Rothschild">Mayer Amschel de Rothschild</a>. Rosebery built another stable and stud near Mentmore Towers at <a href="/wiki/Crafton,_Buckinghamshire" title="Crafton, Buckinghamshire">Crafton, Buckinghamshire</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Crafton_Stud" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafton Stud">Crafton Stud</a>. </p><p>Rosebery won several of the five <a href="/wiki/English_Classic_Races" class="mw-redirect" title="English Classic Races">English Classic Races</a>. His most famous horses were <a href="/wiki/Ladas_(horse)" title="Ladas (horse)">Ladas</a> who won the 1894 <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">Derby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Visto" title="Sir Visto">Sir Visto</a> who won it in 1895 (Rosebery was Prime Minister on both occasions), and <a href="/wiki/Cicero_(horse)" title="Cicero (horse)">Cicero</a> in 1905. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Special:EditPage/Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Rosebery became the first president of the <a href="/wiki/London_Scottish_F.C." title="London Scottish F.C.">London Scottish Rugby Football Club</a> in 1878, also developed a keen interest in association football and was an early patron of the sport in Scotland. In 1882 he donated a trophy, the <a href="/wiki/Rosebery_Charity_Cup" title="Rosebery Charity Cup">Rosebery Charity Cup</a>, to be competed for by clubs under the jurisdiction of the East of Scotland Football Association. The competition lasted over sixty years and raised thousands of pounds for charities in the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> area. </p><p>Rosebery also became Honorary President of the national <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association" title="Scottish Football Association">Scottish Football Association</a>, with the representative <a href="/wiki/Scotland_national_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotland national team">Scotland national team</a> and Honorary President of <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Midlothian_F.C." title="Heart of Midlothian F.C.">Heart of Midlothian</a>. The national team occasionally forsook their traditional dark blue shirts for his traditional racing colours of primrose and pink. This occurred nine times during Rosebery's lifetime, most notably for the 1900 <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Championship" title="British Home Championship">British Home Championship</a> match against <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England</a>, which the Scots won 4–1. These colours were used for the away kit of the Scotland national team in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were Heart of Midlothian's away colours for season 2016/17. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_interests">Literary interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Literary interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a keen collector of fine books and amassed an excellent library. It was sold on 29 October 2009 at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a>, New Bond Street. Rosebery unveiled the statue of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a> on 6 April 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landholdings">Landholdings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Landholdings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg/220px-Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg/330px-Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg/440px-Dalmenyhouse_lighter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dalmeny_House" title="Dalmeny House">Dalmeny House</a> was the ancestral seat of the <a href="/wiki/Earls_of_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Earls of Rosebery">Earls of Rosebery</a> and the setting for Lord and Lady Rosebery's political houseparties.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg/220px-Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg/330px-Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg/440px-Mentmore_Towers_from_angle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Mentmore Towers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg/220px-Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg/330px-Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg/440px-Napoli_-_Villa_Rosebery2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Villa Delahente now Villa Rosebery</figcaption></figure> <p>Rosebery was the owner of twelve houses. By marriage, he acquired: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentmore_Towers" title="Mentmore Towers">Mentmore Towers</a> in Buckinghamshire, a huge neo-Renaissance stately home, sold in the 1970s</li> <li>Number 40, <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>, in London.</li></ul> <p>With his fortune, he bought: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malleny_House_and_Garden" title="Malleny House and Garden">Malleny House and Garden</a> in 1882<sup id="cite_ref-MallenyGarden_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MallenyGarden-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a shooting lodge at <a href="/wiki/Carrington,_Midlothian" title="Carrington, Midlothian">Carrington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midlothian" title="Midlothian">Midlothian</a></li> <li>a Georgian villa at <a href="/wiki/Postwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwick">Postwick</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li>In 1897, he bought Villa Delahente in <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a>, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Naples">Bay of Naples</a>, currently an official residence of the President of the Italian Republic, still known as <a href="/wiki/Villa_Rosebery" title="Villa Rosebery">Villa Rosebery</a></li> <li>38 Berkeley Square, London</li> <li>The Durdans, <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>, where he died in 1929.</li></ul> <p>As Earl of Rosebery, he was laird of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalmeny_House" title="Dalmeny House">Dalmeny House</a> on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> (pictured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnbougle_Castle" title="Barnbougle Castle">Barnbougle Castle</a> in the grounds of Dalmeny Estate, used by Rosebery (an insomniac) for privacy.</li></ul> <p>He rented: </p> <ul><li>a home in Randolph Crescent, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_House" title="Lansdowne House">Lansdowne House</a>, in London, from the Marquess of Lansdowne.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_evaluations">Legacy and evaluations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Legacy and evaluations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosebery's position in British politics was puzzling to contemporaries and historians due to the enigmatic nature of his private and public lives. He had an air of privileged detachment, which persisted throughout his brief stint in the political limelight and his significant years in the background. Although he was an orator and statesman in the mold of his original leader, Gladstone, his fifteen-month term as Liberal Prime Minister in 1894-5 was an unhappy spectacle. Lord Rosebery's failure to live up to his potential disappointed Liberals of all kinds. Journalists and biographers have criticized his lack of character and sense of failure, possibly influenced by his Scottish <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> upbringing. Despite his love for luxury and pleasure, his motives for leaving and returning to politics may not have been solely self-indulgent. He was known for his passion for racehorses, even ending his studies at Oxford to pursue them.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Place-name_tributes">Place-name tributes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Place-name tributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Oatlands,_Glasgow" title="Oatlands, Glasgow">Oatlands</a></i> area in the South Side of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> was laid out in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, contemporary with Rosebery's most prominent period. The area is much changed since it was originally laid out, but several of the original street names had an association with him or areas around his estate to the northwest of Edinburgh: Rosebery Street, Dalmeny Street, Queensferry Street, Granton Street and Cramond Street.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In London, <a href="/wiki/Rosebery_Avenue" title="Rosebery Avenue">Rosebery Avenue</a>, running between <a href="/wiki/Holborn" title="Holborn">Holborn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell" title="Clerkenwell">Clerkenwell</a>, was named after him, in recognition of his service as the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a>'s first chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rosebery,_New_South_Wales" title="Rosebery, New South Wales">Rosebery, New South Wales</a>, a suburb of Sydney, is named after him. A major street, Dalmeny Avenue, runs through the area. <a href="/wiki/Rosebery,_Tasmania" title="Rosebery, Tasmania">Rosebery, Tasmania</a> is also named after him, via the name of a mining company. <a href="/wiki/Dalmeny,_New_South_Wales" title="Dalmeny, New South Wales">Dalmeny, New South Wales</a>, a suburb on the New South Wales <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(New_South_Wales)" title="South Coast (New South Wales)">South Coast</a>, is named after him. Roseberry Avenue in the suburb of South Perth, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, is also named after him. The former township of Rosebery in South Australia (now part of Collinswood) was named for him, as was modern-day Rosebery Lane in Collinswood.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosebery in the north west of Victoria, some 15 km south of Hopetoun is also named after him. </p><p>Rosebery House, <a href="/wiki/Epsom_College" title="Epsom College">Epsom College</a>, in Epsom, is named after him. <a href="/wiki/Rosebery_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosebery School">Rosebery School</a> sits on an area of land given to the borough by Lord Rosebery. </p><p>In October 1895 Lord Rosebery opened the new <i>Liberal Club</i> on Westborough, in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a>, only months after resigning as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>. The building now houses a <a href="/wiki/Wetherspoons" title="Wetherspoons">Wetherspoons</a>, which is named in his honour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. Rt. Hon. Neil Primrose, 3rd Earl of Rosebery<sup id="cite_ref-Cokayne,_1895,_p._415_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cokayne,_1895,_p._415-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. Rt. Hon. <a href="/wiki/Archibald_John_Primrose,_4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald John Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald John Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. Mary Vincent<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_Lord_Dalmeny" title="Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny">Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. Hon. <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Bouverie" title="Bartholomew Bouverie">Bartholomew Bouverie</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. Harriet Bouverie<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Mary Wyndham Arundell<sup id="cite_ref-:2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. Rt. Hon. <b>Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. Rt. Hon. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stanhope,_3rd_Earl_Stanhope" title="Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope">Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lodge,_1832,_p._353_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lodge,_1832,_p._353-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. Rt. Hon. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Henry_Stanhope,_4th_Earl_Stanhope" title="Philip Henry Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope">Philip Henry Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Louisa Grenville<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. Lady Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Stanhope<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. Rt. Hon. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith,_1st_Baron_Carrington" title="Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington">Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington of Upton</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Hon. Catherine Lucy Smith<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Anne Barnard<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Stair%27s_House" title="Lady Stair's House">Lady Stair's House</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2009" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Jon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbv6Wx2RNIcC&pg=PA1"><i>Electing Our Masters : The Hustings in British Politics from Hogarth to Blair</i></a>. Oxford UP. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191567766" title="Special:BookSources/9780191567766"><bdi>9780191567766</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electing+Our+Masters+%3A+The+Hustings+in+British+Politics+from+Hogarth+to+Blair&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780191567766&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvbv6Wx2RNIcC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartel1986" class="citation book cs1">Martel, Gordon (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialdiplomac0000mart"><i>Imperial Diplomacy: Rosebery and the Failure of Foreign Policy</i></a></span>. McGill-Queen's UP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773504424" title="Special:BookSources/9780773504424"><bdi>9780773504424</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Diplomacy%3A+Rosebery+and+the+Failure+of+Foreign+Policy&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+UP&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780773504424&rft.aulast=Martel&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialdiplomac0000mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Stansky, <i>Ambitions and Strategies: The Struggle for the Leadership of the Liberal Party in the 1890s</i> (1964).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Rhodes James, <i>Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery</i> (1963).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1963" class="citation book cs1">James, Robert Rhodes (1963). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roseberybiograph0000jame"><i>Rosebery</i></a></span> (paperback 1995 ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roseberybiograph0000jame/page/9">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1857992199" title="Special:BookSources/978-1857992199"><bdi>978-1857992199</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rosebery&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=paperback+1995&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-1857992199&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Robert+Rhodes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froseberybiograph0000jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James (paperback), p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James (paperback), pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James (paperback), pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Footprints in Time</i>. John Colville. 1976. Chapter 2, Lord Roseberys lamb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">"Primrose, Rt. Hon. Archibald Philip (5th Earl of Rosebery)". <i>The Eton Register</i>. Vol. Part III: 1862–1868.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Primrose%2C+Rt.+Hon.+Archibald+Philip+%285th+Earl+of+Rosebery%29&rft.btitle=The+Eton+Register&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeyes1906" class="citation book cs1">Jeyes, Samuel Henry (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/earlofrosebery00jeyeuoft/earlofrosebery00jeyeuoft_djvu.txt"><i>The Earl of Rosebery</i></a>. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earl+of+Rosebery&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Jeyes&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlofrosebery00jeyeuoft%2Fearlofrosebery00jeyeuoft_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1888–1892" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Foster_(genealogist)" title="Joseph Foster (genealogist)">Foster, Joseph</a> (1888–1892). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Primrose, Archibald Philip, Baron Dalmeny"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Alumni_Oxonienses:_the_Members_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1715-1886/Primrose,_Archibald_Philip,_Baron_Dalmeny">"Primrose, Archibald Philip, Baron Dalmeny" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Oxonienses:_the_Members_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1715%E2%80%931886" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886">Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886</a></i>. Oxford: Parker and Co – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Primrose%2C+Archibald+Philip%2C+Baron+Dalmeny&rft.btitle=Alumni+Oxonienses%3A+the+Members+of+the+University+of+Oxford%2C+1715%E2%80%931886&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Parker+and+Co&rft.date=1888%2F1892&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2011" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Nicholas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oBs22N9l61kC&pg=PA55"><i>1895: Drama, Disaster and Disgrace in Late Victorian Britain</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4056-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4056-0"><bdi>978-0-7486-4056-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1895%3A+Drama%2C+Disaster+and+Disgrace+in+Late+Victorian+Britain&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-4056-0&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoBs22N9l61kC%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rosebery,_Archibald_Philip_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of">"Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rosebery%2C+Archibald+Philip+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Chisholm&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-James_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes_James1964" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes James, Robert (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roseberybiograph00jame"><i>Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rosebery%3A+a+biography+of+Archibald+Philip%2C+fifth+earl+of+Rosebery&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Rhodes+James&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froseberybiograph00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TO18940505.2.25&srpos=13&e=01-05-1894-10-05-1894--10--11----0Ladas--">"Cap and Jacket"</a>. <i>Observer</i>. Vol. XV, no. 801. 5 May 1894. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427201721/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TO18940505.2.25&srpos=13&e=01-05-1894-10-05-1894--10--11----0Ladas--">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2016</span> – via Papers Past.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Observer&rft.atitle=Cap+and+Jacket&rft.volume=XV&rft.issue=801&rft.date=1894-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DTO18940505.2.25%26srpos%3D13%26e%3D01-05-1894-10-05-1894--10--11----0Ladas--&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Brooks, "Gladstone and Midlothian: The Background to the First Campaign", <i>Scottish Historical Review</i> (1985) 64#1 pp. 42–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Kelley, "Midlothian: A Study in Politics and Ideas", <i>Victorian Studies</i> (1960) 4#2, pp. 119–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick1998" class="citation book cs1">Dick, David (1998). <i>Who Was Who in Durban Street Names</i>. Clerkington Pub. Co. pp. 150–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0620200349" title="Special:BookSources/978-0620200349"><bdi>978-0620200349</bdi></a>. <q>ROSEBERY Avenue, off High Ridge Road, is named after Archibald Philip Primrose, 5"1 Earl of Rosebery who (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who+in+Durban+Street+Names&rft.pages=150-151&rft.pub=Clerkington+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0620200349&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurcotte1982" class="citation journal cs1">Turcotte, Bobbi (26 August 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19820826&id=b74yAAAAIBAJ&pg=1443,2668988&hl=nl">"Former English PM's name, title still in use"</a>. <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>: 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>. <q>But Primrose Avenue is named after Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth Earl of Roserbery (1847–1929), who was primse minister of England in 1894–95.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Former+English+PM%27s+name%2C+title+still+in+use&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1982-08-26&rft.aulast=Turcotte&rft.aufirst=Bobbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2194%26dat%3D19820826%26id%3Db74yAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1443%2C2668988%26hl%3Dnl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528100558/http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf">"Congress Presidents 1869–2002"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. February 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congress+Presidents+1869%E2%80%932002&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.co-op.ac.uk%2FdownloadFiles%2FcongressPresidentstable.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinstry2006" class="citation book cs1">McKinstry, Leo (2006). <i>Rosebery – Statesman in turmoil</i> (paperback ed.). Great Britain: John Murray. pp. 265–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0719565861" title="Special:BookSources/978-0719565861"><bdi>978-0719565861</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rosebery+%E2%80%93+Statesman+in+turmoil&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=265-6&rft.edition=paperback&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0719565861&rft.aulast=McKinstry&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKinstry (paperback), p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David W. Gutzke, "Rosebery and Campbell-Bannerman: the Conflict over Leadership Reconsidered." <i>Historical Research</i> 54.130 (1981): 241–250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaniamp1995" class="citation book cs1">Haniamp, M. Sukru (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fU7azFR3AqcC&pg=PA62"><i>The Young Turks in Opposition</i></a>. Oxford UP. pp. 61–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195358025" title="Special:BookSources/9780195358025"><bdi>9780195358025</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Young+Turks+in+Opposition&rft.pages=61-62&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780195358025&rft.aulast=Haniamp&rft.aufirst=M.+Sukru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfU7azFR3AqcC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. C. K. Ensor. <i>England: 1870 – 1914</i> (1936), pp. 238–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Martel1986" class="citation book cs1">Gordon Martel (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialdiplomac0000mart"><i>Imperial Diplomacy: Rosebery and the Failure of Foreign Policy</i></a></span>. McGill-Queen's UP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773504424" title="Special:BookSources/9780773504424"><bdi>9780773504424</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Diplomacy%3A+Rosebery+and+the+Failure+of+Foreign+Policy&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+UP&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780773504424&rft.au=Gordon+Martel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialdiplomac0000mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gutzke, "Rosebery and Campbell-Bannerman: the Conflict over Leadership Reconsidered." .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Élie Halévy, <i>Imperialism and the Rise of Labour, 1895–1905</i> (1951) pp. 99–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_S._Galbraith" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Galbraith">John S. Galbraith</a>, "The pamphlet campaign on the Boer war." <i>Journal of Modern History</i> (1952): 111–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1973" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, John (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cblifeofsirhenry0000wils"><i>CB – A life of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman</i></a></span> (1st ed.). London: Constable and Company Limited. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cblifeofsirhenry0000wils/page/301">301–2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0094589506" title="Special:BookSources/978-0094589506"><bdi>978-0094589506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CB+%E2%80%93+A+life+of+Sir+Henry+Campbell-Bannerman&rft.place=London&rft.pages=301-2&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Constable+and+Company+Limited&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0094589506&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcblifeofsirhenry0000wils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, p. 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James (paperback), p. 433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1964" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Roy (1964). <i>Asquith</i> (1994 paperback ed.). London: Pan Macmillan Publishers Limited. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333618196" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333618196"><bdi>978-0333618196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asquith&rft.place=London&rft.pages=130&rft.edition=1994+paperback&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan+Publishers+Limited&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0333618196&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, p. 387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27513" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27513/page/113">"No. 27513"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 6 January 1903. p. 113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27513&rft.pages=113&rft.date=1903-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27513%2Fpage%2F113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 16 February 1910.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. R. James, <i>Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery</i> (1963), p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. O. A. Crewe-Milnes, <i>Lord Rosebery</i>, (1931), vol. 2. p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000174/18780321/030/0006">"Marriage of the Earl of Rosebery and Miss Hannah de Rothschild"</a></span>. <i>Morning Post</i>. 21 March 1878<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/British_Newspaper_Archive" title="British Newspaper Archive">British Newspaper Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Marriage+of+the+Earl+of+Rosebery+and+Miss+Hannah+de+Rothschild&rft.date=1878-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2FBL%2F0000174%2F18780321%2F030%2F0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/07/11/119078199.pdf">Lord Rosebery to marry a Princess?</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, 11 July 1901.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Englefield, Dermot; Seaton, Janet; White, Isobel: <i>Facts about the British prime ministers. A compilation of biographical and historical information</i>. London: Mansell, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2000" class="citation book cs1">Law, Cheryl (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenmodernpolit0000lawc/page/49"><i>Women, A Modern Political Dictionary</i></a>. I B Tauris. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenmodernpolit0000lawc/page/49">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-502-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-502-X"><bdi>1-86064-502-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+A+Modern+Political+Dictionary&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=I+B+Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-86064-502-X&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenmodernpolit0000lawc%2Fpage%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). <i>Closet Queens</i>. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408704127" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408704127"><bdi>978-1408704127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408704127&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). <i>Closet Queens</i>. Little, Brown. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408704127" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408704127"><bdi>978-1408704127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408704127&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murray, Douglas <i>Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-76770-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-76770-7">0-340-76770-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). <i>Closet Queens</i>. Little, Brown. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408704127" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408704127"><bdi>978-1408704127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408704127&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). <i>Closet Queens</i>. Little, Brown. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408704127" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408704127"><bdi>978-1408704127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408704127&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Complete Peerage, Volume XIII – Peerage Creations 1901–1938</i>. St Catherine's Press. 1949. p. 187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Peerage%2C+Volume+XIII+%E2%80%93+Peerage+Creations+1901%E2%80%931938&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=St+Catherine%27s+Press&rft.date=1949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKenna, Neil: "The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde" (2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Bosie"><b><a href="#ref_Bosie">^</a></b></span> Lord Queensberry to Alfred Montgomery, 1 November 1894. Quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2000" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Douglas (2000). <i>Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas</i>. Hodder & Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-76770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-76770-2"><bdi>978-0-340-76770-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosie%3A+A+Biography+of+Lord+Alfred+Douglas&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-340-76770-2&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). <i>Closet Queens</i>. Little, Brown. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408704127" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408704127"><bdi>978-1408704127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408704127&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Bickers, 'Backhouse, Sir Edmund Trelawny, second baronet (1873–1944)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). <i>Closet Queens</i>. Little, Brown. pp. 27–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408704127" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408704127"><bdi>978-1408704127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens&rft.pages=27-28&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408704127&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James, p. 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrocklehurst2014" class="citation news cs1">Brocklehurst, Steven (27 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-26371625">"The beauty/horror of the garish new Scotland away strip"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+beauty%2Fhorror+of+the+garish+new+Scotland+away+strip&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.aulast=Brocklehurst&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fblogs-magazine-monitor-26371625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshdownFreeman2014" class="citation news cs1">Ashdown, John; Freeman, Hadley (26 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/feb/26/scotlands-new-away-kit-beckham-glory-days">"Scotland's away kit: 'A rare occasion, unknown since Beckham's glory days'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Davis, "Primrose, Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery and first earl of Midlothian (1847–1929)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dalmeny, Lord Archibald", <i>Alumni Cantabrigenses</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Venn and Venn, "Primrose, Archibald John (Lord Dalmeny)", <i>Alumni Cantabrigenses</i>; she was the first wife; Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, was born in 1809, during this marriage (see Venn and Venn, "Dalmeny, Lord Archibald", <i>Alumni Cantabrigenses</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Venn and Venn, "Dalmeny, Lord Archibald", <i>Alumni Cantabrigenses</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cokayne,_1895,_p._415-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cokayne,_1895,_p._415_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne, <i>Complete Peerage</i>, vol. 6, 1895, p. 415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Venn and Venn, "Primrose, Archibald John (Lord Dalmeny)", <i>Alumni Cantabrigenses</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne, <i>Complete Peerage</i>, vol. 6, 1895, p. 416; Venn and Venn, "Primrose, Archibald John (Lord Dalmeny)", <i>Alumni Cantabrigenses</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne, <i>Complete Peerage</i>, vol. 6, 1895, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lodge,_1832,_p._353-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lodge,_1832,_p._353_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge, <i>British Peerage</i>, 1832, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. P. Courtney, "Stanhope, Charles", <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, vol. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne and Gibbs, <i>Complete Peerage</i>, 2nd ed., vol. 3, 1913, p. 63.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloch" title="Michael Bloch">Bloch, Michael.</a> <i>Closet Queens: Some 20th Century British Politicians</i> (Little, Brown, 2015) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1408704129" title="Special:BookSources/1408704129">1408704129</a> <i>Chapter 1: Archie, Regie, Loulou and Bill</i></li> <li>Hamer, D. A. <i>Liberal politics in the age of Gladstone and Rosebery: a study in leadership and policy</i> (Clarendon Press, 1972).</li> <li>Jacobson, Peter D. "Rosebery and Liberal Imperialism, 1899 – 1903". <i>Journal of British Studies</i> 13.1 1973, pp. 83–107. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/175371">175371</a>.</li> <li>Leonard, Dick. <i>Nineteenth-Century British Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery</i> (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinstry,_Leo" class="mw-redirect" title="McKinstry, Leo">McKinstry, Leo</a>. <i>Rosebery: Statesman in Turmoil</i> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-5879-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-5879-4">0-7195-5879-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roseberystatesma0000mcki">online</a></li> <li>Martel, Gordon. <i>Imperial Diplomacy: Rosebery and the failure of foreign policy</i> (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1986) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialdiplomac0000mart">online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond,_E._T." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond, E. T.">Raymond, E. T.</a> <i>The Life of Lord Rosebery</i> (1923) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176382">online</a></li> <li>Raymond, John. "The First Phase" <i>History Today</i> (Feb 1959) 9#2 pp 75–82; covers 1847 to 1880. <ul><li>Raymond, John. "Office and Eclipse" <i>History Today</i> (Mar 1959) 9#3 pp 176–184. on Rosebery 1880 to 1895.</li></ul></li> <li>Rhodes James, R. <i>Rosebery</i> (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963), a major scholarly biography. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roseberybiograph0000robe">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Vol. 23 (11th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rosebery%2C+Archibald+Philip+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Chisholm&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F49773">"Archival material relating to Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Archibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF49773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Primrose%2C+5th+Earl+of+Rosebery" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244620#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/11807">Works by Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp03864">Portraits of Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244620#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Courtney" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Courtney">Leonard Courtney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department">Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department</a> </b><br />1881–1883 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Tomlinson_Hibbert" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tomlinson Hibbert">John Tomlinson Hibbert</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Shaw-Lefevre" class="mw-redirect" title="George Shaw-Lefevre">George Shaw-Lefevre</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/First_Commissioner_of_Works" title="First Commissioner of Works">First Commissioner of Works</a> </b><br />1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Plunket" class="mw-redirect" title="David Plunket">David Plunket</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Parkinson-Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Carlingford" title="Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford">The Lord Carlingford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> </b><br />1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_3rd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1886 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">The Earl of Iddesleigh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_London_County_Council" title="List of chairmen of the London County Council">Chairman of the London County Council</a> </b><br />1889–1890 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">Sir John Lubbock, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">Sir John Lubbock, Bt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_London_County_Council" title="List of chairmen of the London County Council">Chairman of the London County Council</a> </b><br />1892 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">John Hutton</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1892–1894 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />5 March 1894 – 22 June 1895 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a> </b><br />1894–1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> </b><br />1894–1895 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">The Duke of Devonshire</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (UK)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1895–1896 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Harcourt">Sir William Harcourt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_British_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the British Liberal Party">Leader of the British Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1894–1896 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Harcourt">Sir William Harcourt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Party_leaders#Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Party leaders">Leader of the Liberals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> </b><br />1894–1896 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_6th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hope, 6th Earl of Hopetoun">The Earl of Hopetoun</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Linlithgowshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire">Lord Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire</a><br />(West Lothian after 1921) </b><br />1873–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Linlithgow">The Marquess of Linlithgow</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Montagu-Douglas-Scott,_5th_Duke_of_Buccleuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch">The Duke of Buccleuch</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Midlothian" title="Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian">Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian</a> </b><br />1884–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">The Earl of Rosebery</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Forster" title="William Edward Forster">William Edward Forster</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" title="Rector of the University of Aberdeen">Rector of the University of Aberdeen</a> </b><br />1878–1881 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bain_(philosopher)" title="Alexander Bain (philosopher)">Alexander Bain</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Marquess of Hartington</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Rector of the University of Edinburgh">Rector of the University of Edinburgh</a> </b><br />1880–1883 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Rector of the University of Glasgow">Rector of the University of Glasgow</a> </b><br />1899–1902 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Wyndham" title="George Wyndham">George Wyndham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the University of London">Chancellor of the University of London</a> </b><br />1902–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Lygon,_7th_Earl_Beauchamp" title="William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp">The Earl Beauchamp</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">The Lord Kelvin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Chancellor of the University of Glasgow">Chancellor of the University of Glasgow</a> </b><br />1908–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donald_MacAlister" title="Donald MacAlister">Sir Donald MacAlister, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">The Lord Avebury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_St_Andrews" title="Rector of the University of St Andrews">Rector of the University of St Andrews</a> </b><br />1910–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Marquess_of_Aberdeen_and_Temair" title="John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair">The Earl of Aberdeen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_John_Primrose,_4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald John Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald Primrose</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Earl of Rosebery">Earl of Rosebery</a> </b><br />1868–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">Harry Primrose</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">Peerage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Midlothian" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Midlothian">Earl of Midlothian</a> </b><br />1911–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">Harry Primrose</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_John_Primrose,_4th_Earl_of_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald John Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald Primrose</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baron_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Rosebery">Baron Rosebery</a> </b><br />1868–1929 <br /><i>Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></i><br /><i>(1868–1929)</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archibald_Primrose_navigation_boxes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Archibald_Primrose_navigation_boxes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Archibald Primrose navigation boxes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Template:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Template talk:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1892%E2%80%931895#Rosebery_ministry" title="Liberal government, 1892–1895">Rosebery ministry (1894-1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895 United Kingdom general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Rosebery_ministry" title="1895 vote of no confidence in the Rosebery ministry">1895 vote of no confidence in the Rosebery ministry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg/100px-The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg/150px-The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg/200px-The_Earl_of_Rosebery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="2607" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_Lord_Dalmeny" title="Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny">Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Powlett,_Duchess_of_Cleveland" title="Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland">Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Primrose,_Countess_of_Rosebery" title="Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery">Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Primrose,_6th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery">Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Primrose_(politician)" title="Neil Primrose (politician)">Neil Primrose</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sybil_Grant" title="Lady Sybil Grant">Lady Sybil Grant</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">1st Marquess of Crewe</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Seventh" title="Edward the Seventh">Edward the Seventh</a></i> (TV, 1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalmeny_House" title="Dalmeny House">Dalmeny House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnbougle_Castle" title="Barnbougle Castle">Barnbougle Castle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cicero_(horse)" title="Cicero (horse)">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladas_(horse)" title="Ladas (horse)">Ladas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Visto" title="Sir Visto">Sir Visto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentmore_Towers" title="Mentmore Towers">Mentmore Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Imperialists" title="Liberal Imperialists">Liberal Imperialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_League_(United_Kingdom)" title="Liberal League (United Kingdom)">Liberal League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentmore_and_Crafton_Studs" title="Mentmore and Crafton Studs">Mentmore and Crafton Studs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebery_Charity_Cup" title="Rosebery Charity Cup">Rosebery Charity Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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2nd Earl Granville">The Earl Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Earl of Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">The Marquess of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">The Marquess of Crewe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (1859–1916)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">The Viscount Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Marquess of Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Sir William Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Overall Leader</a> (1916–1988)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Sir Donald Maclean</a> <small><i>(Acting Leader)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Sir Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Sir Archibald Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Davies" title="Clement Davies">Clement Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Grimond" title="Jo Grimond">Jo Grimond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thorpe" title="Jeremy Thorpe">Jeremy Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole (Orford)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Wilmington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">Bute</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">G. Grenville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Chatham (Pitt the Elder)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">Grafton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Goderich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli (Beaconsfield)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosebery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ponsonby" title="George Ponsonby">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a>/<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li>Vacant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby (Stanley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">5th Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon of Kedleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">4th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham" title="Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">5th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander of Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Cledwyn of Penrhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Cranborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall of Blaisdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_True,_Baron_True" title="Nicholas True, Baron True">True</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Secretary" title="Template:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Secretary" title="Template talk:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Secretary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_2nd_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham">Grantham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Osborne,_5th_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Harrowby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Phipps,_1st_Earl_of_Mulgrave" title="Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave">Mulgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" title="John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Iddesleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Bevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign<br />and Commonwealth Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign,<br />Commonwealth and Development Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">Lammy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State" title="Category:British Secretaries of State">Category:British Secretaries of State</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal:United Kingdom</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and 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class="navbox-group" style="background: #010963; color: white;;width:1%;background: #6190FF;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">University of St Andrews</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anstruther_baronets" title="Anstruther baronets">Sir Ralph Abercromby Anstruther, 4th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Stirling-Maxwell,_9th_Baronet" title="Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet">Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Anthony_Froude" title="James Anthony Froude">James Anthony Froude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Neaves,_Lord_Neaves" title="Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves">Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penrhyn_Stanley" title="Arthur Penrhyn Stanley">Arthur Penrhyn Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundell_Palmer,_1st_Earl_of_Selborne" title="Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne">Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Theodore_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Theodore Martin">Sir Theodore Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Mackay,_11th_Lord_Reay" title="Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay">Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava" title="Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava">Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_3rd_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute">John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart_(scientist)" title="James Stuart (scientist)">James Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Marquess_of_Aberdeen_and_Temair" title="John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair">John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">Sir J. M. Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Wilfred_Grenfell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Wilfred Grenfell">Wilfred Grenfell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_MacGregor_Mitchell,_Lord_MacGregor_Mitchell" title="Robert MacGregor Mitchell, Lord MacGregor Mitchell">Robert MacGregor Mitchell, Lord MacGregor Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Munro_(physician)" title="David Munro (physician)">Sir David Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cunningham_(civil_servant)" title="George Cunningham (civil servant)">Sir George Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cecil,_6th_Marquess_of_Exeter" title="David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter">David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_28th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford">David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe,_1st_Earl_of_Kilmuir" title="David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir">David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boothby,_Baron_Boothby" title="Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby">Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._P._Snow" title="C. P. Snow">C. P. Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rothenstein" title="John Rothenstein">Sir John Rothenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learie_Constantine" title="Learie Constantine">Learie Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Coren" title="Alan Coren">Alan Coren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Muir" title="Frank Muir">Frank Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Brooke-Taylor" title="Tim Brooke-Taylor">Tim Brooke-Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Whitehorn" title="Katharine Whitehorn">Katharine Whitehorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Adams_(whistleblower)" title="Stanley Adams (whistleblower)">Stanley Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Parsons" title="Nicholas Parsons">Nicholas Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Campbell" title="Nicky Campbell">Nicky Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Findlay" title="Donald Findlay">Donald Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Neil" title="Andrew Neil">Andrew Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Freud" title="Clement Freud">Sir Clement Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Pepper" title="Simon Pepper">Simon Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Dunion" title="Kevin Dunion">Kevin Dunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Moffat" title="Alistair Moffat">Alistair Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Stihler" title="Catherine Stihler">Catherine Stihler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%91a_Popovi%C4%87_(activist)" title="Srđa Popović (activist)">Srđa Popović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Hussein" title="Leyla Hussein">Leyla Hussein</a></li> <li>Stella Maris</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Founding_fellows_of_the_British_Academy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FBA_1902" title="Template:FBA 1902"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FBA_1902" title="Template talk:FBA 1902"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FBA_1902" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FBA 1902"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Founding_fellows_of_the_British_Academy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_British_Academy_elected_in_the_1900s#1902" title="List of fellows of the British Academy elected in the 1900s">Founding fellows of the British Academy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Earl of Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Dillon,_17th_Viscount_Dillon" title="Harold Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon">The Viscount Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Mackay,_11th_Lord_Reay" title="Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay">The Lord Reay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morley" title="John Morley">John Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">The Lord Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Hartpole_Lecky" title="William Edward Hartpole Lecky">William Edward Hartpole Lecky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Anson,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Anson, 3rd Baronet">Sir William Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Pollock,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Frederick Pollock, 3rd Baronet">Sir Frederick Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Maunde_Thompson" title="Edward Maunde Thompson">Sir Edward Maunde Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Maxwell_Lyte" title="Henry Maxwell Lyte">Sir Henry Maxwell Lyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtenay_Ilbert" title="Courtenay Ilbert">Sir Courtenay Ilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" title="Richard Claverhouse Jebb">Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Monro_(scholar)" title="David Monro (scholar)">David Monro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Ward" title="Adolphus Ward">Sir Adolphus Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Caird" title="Edward Caird">Edward Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Francis_Pelham" title="Henry Francis Pelham">Henry Francis Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rh%C5%B7s" title="John Rhŷs">Sir John Rhŷs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Salmon" title="George Salmon">George Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Bury" title="J. B. Bury">J. B. Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butcher_(classicist)" title="Samuel Butcher (classicist)">Samuel Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingram_Bywater" title="Ingram Bywater">Ingram Bywater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Byles_Cowell" title="Edward Byles Cowell">Edward Byles Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cunningham_(economist)" title="William Cunningham (economist)">William Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Rhys_Davids" title="Thomas William Rhys Davids">Thomas Rhys Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Dicey" title="A. V. Dicey">A. V. Dicey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rolles_Driver" title="Samuel Rolles Driver">Samuel Rolles Driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Ellis" title="Robinson Ellis">Robinson Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Sir Arthur Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Martin_Fairbairn" title="Andrew Martin Fairbairn">Andrew Martin Fairbairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Flint_(theologian)" title="Robert Flint (theologian)">Robert Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">Sir James George Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Gollancz" title="Israel Gollancz">Sir Israel Gollancz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgkin_(historian)" title="Thomas Hodgkin (historian)">Thomas Hodgkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadworth_Hodgson" title="Shadworth Hodgson">Shadworth Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erskine_Holland" title="Thomas Erskine Holland">Sir Thomas Erskine Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_William_Maitland" title="Frederic William Maitland">Frederic William Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._B._Mayor" title="John E. B. Mayor">John E. B. Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murray_(lexicographer)" title="James Murray (lexicographer)">Sir James Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mitchell_Ramsay" title="William Mitchell Ramsay">Sir William Mitchell Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sanday_(theologian)" title="William Sanday (theologian)">William Sanday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_William_Skeat" title="Walter William Skeat">Walter William Skeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Sir Leslie Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Stokes_(Celtic_scholar)" title="Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar)">Whitley Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Barclay_Swete" title="Henry Barclay Swete">Henry Barclay Swete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fanshawe_Tozer" title="Henry Fanshawe Tozer">Henry Fanshawe Tozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Yelverton_Tyrrell" title="Robert Yelverton Tyrrell">Robert Yelverton Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_(psychologist)" title="James Ward (psychologist)">James Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rectors_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#960018;color: #FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rectors_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" title="Template:Rectors of the University of Aberdeen"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rectors_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" title="Template talk:Rectors of the University of Aberdeen"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rectors_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rectors of the University of Aberdeen"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rectors_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" title="Rector of the University of Aberdeen"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Rectors of the University of Aberdeen</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Maitland,_Lord_Barcaple" title="Edward Maitland, Lord Barcaple">Edward Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Earl Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Grant_Duff" title="M. E. Grant Duff">M. E. Grant Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Forster" title="William Edward Forster">W. E. Forster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earl of Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bain_(philosopher)" title="Alexander Bain (philosopher)">Alexander Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">Viscount Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon,_11th_Marquess_of_Huntly" title="Charles Gordon, 11th Marquess of Huntly">Marquess of Huntly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Smith,_1st_Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal" title="Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal">Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Charles Thomson Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Treves,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet">Sir Frederick Treves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weetman_Pearson,_1st_Viscount_Cowdray" title="Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray">Viscount Cowdray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Sir Robert Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Viscount Cecil of Chelwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">Earl of Birkenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Keith" title="Arthur Keith">Sir Arthur Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elliot_(Scottish_politician)" title="Walter Elliot (Scottish politician)">Walter Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">Admiral Sir Edward Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Sir Stafford Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Linklater" title="Eric Linklater">Eric Linklater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buchan,_2nd_Baron_Tweedsmuir" title="John Buchan, 2nd Baron Tweedsmuir">Baron Tweedsmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Edwards" title="Jimmy Edwards">Jimmy Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoderick_McGrigor" title="Rhoderick McGrigor">Admiral Sir Rhoderick McGrigor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bannerman,_Baron_Bannerman_of_Kildonan" title="John Bannerman, Baron Bannerman of Kildonan">John Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scott" title="Peter Scott">Peter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt">Brigadier Sir John Hunt</a></li> <li>Frank George Thomson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Grimond" title="Jo Grimond">Jo Grimond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barratt_(television_presenter)" title="Michael Barratt (television presenter)">Michael Barratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Cuthbertson" title="Iain Cuthbertson">Iain Cuthbertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Gall" title="Sandy Gall">Sandy Gall</a></li> <li>Robert Perryment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Watt" title="Hamish Watt">Hamish Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Pickard" title="Willis Pickard">Willis Pickard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Bell_(journalist)" title="Colin Bell (journalist)">Colin Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(advocate)" title="Ian Hamilton (advocate)">Ian Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Macartney" title="Allan Macartney">Allan Macartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dickson_Wright" title="Clarissa Dickson Wright">Clarissa Dickson Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Harper" title="Robin Harper">Robin Harper</a></li> <li>Stephen Robertson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_Mackie_(farmer)" title="Maitland Mackie (farmer)"> Maitland Mackie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Chapman" title="Maggie Chapman">Maggie Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Chukwuma-Ezike" title="Martina Chukwuma-Ezike">Martina Chukwuma-Ezike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Victorian_era" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Victorian_era" title="Template:Victorian era"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Victorian_era" title="Template talk:Victorian era"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Victorian_era" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Victorian era"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Victorian_era" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddddff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">← Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_and_diplomatic_history_of_the_Victorian_era" title="Political and diplomatic history of the Victorian era">Politics and diplomacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Victorian_Era" title="British Army during the Victorian Era">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire#Britain's_imperial_century_(1815–1914)" title="British Empire">British empire</a></li> <li>By location <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_London" class="mw-redirect" title="19th century London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era#Late_18th_century_and_19th_century" title="Scotland in the modern era">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pax Britannia">Pax Britannia</a></li> <li>Prime ministers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">The Viscount Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Sir Robert Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">The Earl of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">The Earl of Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">The Viscount Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Earl of Rosebery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy, society and knowledge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Victorian_era" title="Demographics of the Victorian era">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy,_industry,_and_trade_of_the_Victorian_era" title="Economy, industry, and trade of the Victorian era">Economy, industry, and trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics,_science,_technology_and_engineering_of_the_Victorian_era" title="Mathematics, science, technology and engineering of the Victorian era">Mathematics, science, technology and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_and_culture_of_the_Victorian_era" title="Society and culture of the Victorian era">Society and culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian-era_cosmetics" title="Victorian-era cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_erotica" title="Victorian erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_fashion" title="Victorian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_house" title="Victorian house">Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_jewellery" title="Victorian jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_masculinity" title="Victorian masculinity">Masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_morality" title="Victorian morality">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_painting" title="Victorian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_the_Victorian_era" title="Theatre in the Victorian era">Theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">Burlesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Victorian_era" title="Women in the Victorian era">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Victorian_era" title="Bibliography of the Victorian era">Bibliography</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Victorian_era" title="Category:Victorian era">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244620#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244620#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244620#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110202675">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4938429">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19305/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgRTGBFyXQYRKKHDGXrv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118827057">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50074528">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11930316p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11930316p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00766754">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35675217">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1423597">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/89957">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p182830357">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072252634">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99033698">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=158051">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810703738605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/113407">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007312436005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14028426">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06142493?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500437070">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1037367">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/primrose-archibald-philip-4415">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118827057.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118827057">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Primrose, Archibald Philip (1847-1929 ; comte de Rosebery)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028726375">IdRef</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bv7nc0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&oldid=1258745614">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery&oldid=1258745614</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victorian_era" title="Category:Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Category:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1847_births" title="Category:1847 births">1847 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1929_deaths" title="Category:1929 deaths">1929 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobility_from_Edinburgh" title="Category:Nobility from Edinburgh">Nobility from Edinburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Edinburgh" title="Category:Politicians from Edinburgh">Politicians from Edinburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Eton_College" title="Category:People educated at Eton College">People educated at Eton College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford">Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_British_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:19th-century British LGBTQ people">19th-century British LGBTQ people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom">19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_biographers" title="Category:20th-century British biographers">20th-century British biographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:20th-century British LGBTQ people">20th-century British LGBTQ people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bisexual_male_politicians" title="Category:Bisexual male politicians">Bisexual male politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Anglicans" title="Category:British Anglicans">British Anglicans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_bisexual_men" title="Category:British bisexual men">British bisexual men</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_bisexual_politicians" title="Category:British bisexual politicians">British bisexual politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_racehorse_owners_and_breeders" title="Category:British racehorse owners and breeders">British racehorse owners and breeders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" title="Category:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs">British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Category:Chancellors of the University of Glasgow">Chancellors of the University of Glasgow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_University_of_London" title="Category:Chancellors of the University of London">Chancellors of the University of London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clan_Primrose" title="Category:Clan Primrose">Clan Primrose</a></li><li><a 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