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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_Executive_Officer_(CEO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Executive_Officer_(CEO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chief Executive Officer (CEO)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_Executive_Officer_(CEO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Radio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Radio subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Springbok_Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Springbok_Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Springbok Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Springbok_Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SABC_News_Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SABC_News_Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>SABC News Service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SABC_News_Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SABC_Symphony_Orchestra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SABC_Symphony_Orchestra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>SABC Symphony Orchestra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SABC_Symphony_Orchestra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Regional radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996_restructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996_restructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>1996 restructuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996_restructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Programming policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Station_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Station_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Station list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Station_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Television-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Television subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_(1975–1995)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_(1975–1995)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early history (1975–1995)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_(1975–1995)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition_and_restructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition_and_restructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Competition and restructuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition_and_restructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>New services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_outside_South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_outside_South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception outside South Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception_outside_South_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception outside South Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception_outside_South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Eswatini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Eswatini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Eswatini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Namibia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Mozambique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>International services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Criticisms and controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticisms and controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_pro-ANC_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_pro-ANC_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Accusations of pro-ANC bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_pro-ANC_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Accusations of censorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SABC_Encore's_launch_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SABC_Encore's_launch_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>SABC Encore's launch party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SABC_Encore's_launch_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SABC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Uitsaaikorporasie" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هيئة الإذاعة الجنوب إفريقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيئة الإذاعة الجنوب إفريقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5una-Aafrika_ringh%C3%A4%C3%A4lingukontsern" title="Lõuna-Aafrika ringhäälingukontsern – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõuna-Aafrika ringhäälingukontsern" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اس‌ای‌بی‌سی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌ای‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABC" title="SABC – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SABC" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABC" title="SABC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="SABC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABC" title="SABC – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="SABC" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99" title="תאגיד השידור הדרום אפריקני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאגיד השידור הדרום אפריקני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="南アフリカ放送協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南アフリカ放送協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="South African Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%92_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ایس اے بی سی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایس اے بی سی" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State-owned public broadcaster in South Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/SABC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SABC (disambiguation)">SABC (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">South African Broadcasting Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg/250px-South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg/330px-South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg/500px-South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="436" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2003</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg/250px-SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg/500px-SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">SABC headquarters in Uitsaaisentrum, Johannesburg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Terrestrial television and radio network</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Availability</th><td class="infobox-data">South Africa <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Also reachable in nearby countries</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 August 1936<span class="noprint">; 88 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936-08-01</span>)</span> <br />by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">Government of South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vuka Sizwe</i><br />("Nation Arise") "Everywhere For Everyone, Always"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a> 6.6 billion (2017/18 <abbr title="Fiscal year">FY</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-iolloss_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iolloss-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a> ~622 million loss (2017/18 <abbr title="Fiscal year">FY</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-iolloss_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iolloss-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Broadcast area</div></th><td class="infobox-data">South Africa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">Government of South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Blessing Mahlangu (chairman)<sup id="cite_ref-sabc.co.za_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabc.co.za-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Madoda Mxakwe <sup id="cite_ref-sabc.co.za_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabc.co.za-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(CEO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Launch date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1936 (radio)<br />1976 (television)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital channel(s)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">16:9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Television</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SABC_1" title="SABC 1">SABC 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_2" title="SABC 2">SABC 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_3" title="SABC 3">SABC 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_News" title="SABC News">SABC NEWS</a></li> <li>SABC LEHAE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Education" title="SABC Education">SABC Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Children" title="SABC Children">SABC Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Sport" title="SABC Sport">SABC Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Encore" title="SABC Encore">SABC Encore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Radio</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 radio stations</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official website</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/">www<wbr />.sabc<wbr />.co<wbr />.za<wbr />/sabc<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>South African Broadcasting Corporation</b> (<b>SABC</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Public broadcaster">public broadcaster</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and provides 19 radio stations (<a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a>) as well as 6 television broadcasts and 3 OTT Services to the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the largest of <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">South Africa's state-owned enterprises</a> and the biggest state broadcaster in Africa. </p><p>In November 2022, the SABC launched its streaming service called SABC+. </p><p>It owns the biggest commercial radio station in the country <a href="/wiki/Metro_FM" title="Metro FM">Metro FM</a> </p><p>Opposition politicians and civil society often criticise the SABC, accusing it of being a mouthpiece for whichever political party is in majority power, thus currently the ruling <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>; during the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> era it was accused of playing the same role for the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_history">Company history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Company history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radio broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> began in 1923, under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Railways">South African Railways</a>, before three radio services were licensed: the Association of Scientific and Technical Societies (AS&TS) in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, the Cape Peninsular Publicity Association in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and the Durban Corporation, which began broadcasting in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These merged into the African Broadcasting Company in 1927, owned by, I. W. Schlesinger, a wealthy businessman, but on 1 August 1936, they were sold to the SABC, established that year through an Act of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-duplessis_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duplessis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SABC took over the African Broadcasting Company's staff and assets. It maintained a state monopoly on radio until the launch in December 1979 of Capital Radio 604, then <a href="/wiki/Radio_702" title="Radio 702">Radio 702</a> in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-louw_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louw-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the subscription-funded television service <a href="/wiki/M-Net" title="M-Net">M-Net</a> launched in 1986, the SABC had a monopoly on free-to-air television until the launch of <a href="/wiki/E.tv" title="E.tv">e.tv</a> in 1998. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a> rule from 1948, it came under increasing accusations of being biased towards the ruling party. At one time most of its senior management were members of the <a href="/wiki/Broederbond" class="mw-redirect" title="Broederbond">Broederbond</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret society</a> and later from institutions like <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch University</a>. </p><p>The SABC was a radio service until the introduction of television in 1976. There were three main SABC radio stations: the <a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">English Service</a> (later known as Radio South Africa), the <a href="/wiki/Radio_Sonder_Grense" title="Radio Sonder Grense">Afrikaans Service</a> (later known as Radio Suid-Afrika and Afrikaans Stereo) and the commercial station, <a href="/wiki/Springbok_Radio" title="Springbok Radio">Springbok Radio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Programmes on the <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> services mainly consisted of news; plays such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forsyte_Saga" title="The Forsyte Saga">The Forsyte Saga</a></i>, <i>Story of an African Farm</i>, and <i>The Summons</i>, written and produced in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>; serious talk shows; BBC radio shows; children's programmes, such as <i>Sound Box</i>; and light music featuring <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> orchestras, arrangers, musicians and singers. Accomplished musicians such as pianist and composer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Segal_(pianist)" title="Charles Segal (pianist)">Charles Segal</a> featured on all three stations regularly in shows like <i>Piano Playtime</i>. Accordionist <a href="/wiki/Nico_Carstens" title="Nico Carstens">Nico Carstens</a> was a regular on the Afrikaans programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-charlessegal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charlessegal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SABC_Sea_Point.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SABC_Sea_Point.JPG/220px-SABC_Sea_Point.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SABC_Sea_Point.JPG/330px-SABC_Sea_Point.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SABC_Sea_Point.JPG/440px-SABC_Sea_Point.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>SABC offices in <a href="/wiki/Sea_Point,_Cape_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Point, Cape Town">Sea Point, Cape Town</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An IBA report on the state of the broadcasting industry in South Africa was released on 29 August 1995. Recommendations were given for the SABC to lose one of its three television channels, with the network being used for private television, demanding the creation of two or three private networks. The broadcaster would be restructured, and <a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">Sentech</a> would be separated. Other recommendations included the sale of seven radio stations, while being granted eleven radio stations, nine of which in individual Bantu languages, provisions of an hour a day of regional programming windows on television and radio, at an estimated cost of 262 million rand/year, reintroduction of a third channel but on satellite television and the provision of an "education and information driven service" to the subcontinental region.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of the channels were set to be rebranded by March 1996, in line with a restructuring that began in the 1993 CODESA talks. Preliminary changes were set to take place in 1993, but were delayed after the elections in April 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1995, Africa Monitor reported that the SABC was in talks with <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> to deliver its television channels by satellite, to cover the entire population. Up until then, it was believed that a quarter of the national population received at least one of the three channels. By January 1996 a fourth channel carrying Channel 4's programmes was set to begin, and would convert to digital in July 1996, with the aim of creating an eight-channel pay-TV service.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 1995, the SABC lost its contract with Sky News. Footage on news bulletins broadcast by the corporation's television channels was now supplied by BBC World.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 February 1996, two years after the ANC came to power, the SABC reorganised its three TV channels, so as to be more representative of different language groups.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The repositioning of the networks gave the SABC's television service the chance to be "the new voice and the new vision of the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_nation" title="Rainbow nation">rainbow nation</a>". Under the new structure, SABC TV was compared to a "<a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">tower of Babel</a>" regarding SABC 1 and SABC 2's programming structure, in the eleven official languages, while SABC 3 was all in English. The relaunch party was also heavily criticised by some, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Van_Schalkwyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angela Van Schalkwyk (page does not exist)">Angela Van Schalkwyk</a>, who mentioned that an American face presented the new television offer.<sup id="cite_ref-123SABC_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123SABC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in the downgrading of <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> by reducing its airtime from 50% to 15%, a move that alienated many Afrikaans speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting July 1997, the corporation was commercialised.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1998, the SABC finally started broadcasting its channels on <a href="/wiki/DStv" title="DStv">DStv</a>, per an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">Sentech</a> to convert its channels to digital. The agreement encompassed its three national terrestrial networks, Bop TV and its thirteen radio stations, with the hopes of starting two pan-continental television networks, an entertainment channel and a news channel.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The launch of <a href="/wiki/E.tv" title="E.tv">e.tv</a> prompted the SABC to restructure its three television channels in late September 1998. The strategies were due to e.tv's promise that the service would be a "full-spectrum" channel as opposed to the niche programming of both the SABC and M-Net. SABC 1 repositioned itself as an entertainment channel for South African youth and young adults, SABC 2 would carry content related to educational and social issues from the rest of Africa to South African audiences, SABC 3 concentrated on a mix of news, current affairs and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two satellite channels, available on DStv, opened on 16 November 1998, SABC Africa and Best of Africa (later renamed Africa2Africa).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In line with its ambitions to be "the pulse of Africa's creative spirit" (SABC's tagline at the turn of the millennium), the SABC opened up to protocols and co-operation agreements with partners such as <a href="/wiki/URTNA" class="mw-redirect" title="URTNA">URTNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_Resource_Unit" title="Film Resource Unit">FRU</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Television_Trust_for_the_Environment" title="Television Trust for the Environment">Television Trust for the Environment</a>, eyeing in at the rest of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SABC has since been accused of favouring the ruling <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a> party, mostly in news. It remains dominant in the broadcast media. </p><p>Criticism intensified around 2003–2005, when it was accused of a wide range of shortcomings including self-censorship, lack of objectivity and selective news coverage. </p><p>On 20 October 2020, SABC and the government were in discussion to get TV and streaming providers in South Africa to collect TV licence on their behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 March 2021, SABC and eMedia Investments expanded their partnership which allowed <a href="/wiki/OVHD" class="mw-redirect" title="OVHD">OpenView</a> customers to receive 3 additional channels as well as their 19 radio stations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Director General of the SABC: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Surname </th> <th align="center">Name </th> <th align="center">From </th> <th align="center">To </th></tr> <tr> <td>Caprara </td> <td>René Silvio </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roos </td> <td>Gideon Daniel </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Johannes_Meyer" title="Pieter Johannes Meyer">Meyer</a> </td> <td>Pieter Johannes </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>de Villiers </td> <td>Steve </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eksteen </td> <td>Riaan </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Harmse </td> <td>Wynand </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>1994 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chairman of the SABC Board: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Surname </th> <th align="center">Name </th> <th align="center">From </th> <th align="center">To </th></tr> <tr> <td>Matsepe-Casaburri </td> <td>Ivy Florence </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zulu </td> <td>Paulus </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maphai </td> <td>Thabane Vincent </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Funde </td> <td>Sonwabo Eddie </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mkhonza </td> <td>Khanyi </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charnley </td> <td>Irene </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ngubane </td> <td>Baldwin Sipho </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tshabalala </td> <td>Zandile Ellen </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maguvhe </td> <td>Mbulaheni Obert </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Makhathini </td> <td>Bongumusa Emmanuel </td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_Executive_Officer_(CEO)"><span id="Chief_Executive_Officer_.28CEO.29"></span>Chief Executive Officer (CEO)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chief Executive Officer (CEO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Term </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1994–1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zwelakhe_Sisulu" title="Zwelakhe Sisulu">Sisulu, Z.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998–2000 </td> <td>Mbatha, H. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>Khuzwayo, C. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000-2005 </td> <td>Matlare, P. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002–2008 </td> <td>Mpofu, D. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2009 </td> <td>Mampone, G. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td>Mokoetle, S. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–2014 </td> <td>Mokhobo, L. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014–2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hlaudi_Motsoeneng" title="Hlaudi Motsoeneng">Motsoeneng, H.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>Matlala, F. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015–2016 </td> <td>Matthews, J. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017–present </td> <td>Madoda, M. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio">Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following its establishment in 1936, the SABC established services in what were then the country's <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official languages</a>, English and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, with the Afrikaans service being established in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-rsg_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsg-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadcasts in languages such as <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho">Sesotho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> followed in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-louw_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louw-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Springbok_Radio">Springbok Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Springbok Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Springbok_Radio" title="Springbok Radio">Springbok Radio</a>, the SABC's first commercial radio service, started broadcasting on 1 May 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-tomaselli_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomaselli-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bilingual in English and Afrikaans, it broadcast from the Johannesburg Centre for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">113<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours a week.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service proved to be so popular with advertisers that at the time of its launch, commercial time had been booked well in advance.<sup id="cite_ref-duplessis_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duplessis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The station featured a wide variety of programming, such as morning talk and news, game shows, soap operas like <i>Basis Bravo</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-tomaselli_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomaselli-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> children's programming, music request programmes, top-ten music, talent shows and other musical entertainment. One popular Saturday noontime comedy show was <i>Telefun Time</i>, whose hosts would phone various people and conjure up situation comedy, a similar brand of humour to the films of <a href="/wiki/Leon_Schuster" title="Leon Schuster">Leon Schuster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1985, Springbok Radio was operating at a heavy loss.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After losing many listeners with the handing over of its shortwave frequencies to <a href="/wiki/5FM" title="5FM">Radio 5</a> and facing competition from television, it ceased broadcasting on 31 December 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SABC_News_Service">SABC News Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: SABC News Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The News Service was established in June 1950, replacing the programmes of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this was because the BBC broadcasts were seen as giving a British viewpoint of current affairs, there were also concerns that the SABC service would become overly pro-government, or "Our Master's Voice".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1968, it had over 100 full-time reporters in the main cities and local correspondents all over the country, with overseas news provided by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">AFP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a> and <a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a News Film Unit which, prior to television in 1976, produced films for news agencies and television organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SABC_Symphony_Orchestra">SABC Symphony Orchestra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SABC Symphony Orchestra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SABC Symphony Orchestra has its origins in its three studio ensembles in Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town and the Municipal Orchestra of the Johannesburg City Council. When the SABC centralised its broadcasting in Johannesburg, the future of the three ensembles were in doubt but at the same time, the Municipal Orchestra of the Johannesburg City Council had been disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SABC was able to form an orchestra of 80 musicians from these groupings in 1954, and while its main base was at the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Hall" title="Johannesburg City Hall">Johannesburg City Hall</a>, it would tour the country.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The orchestra would be led for many years by the SABC's head of music, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Hartman" title="Anton Hartman">Anton Hartman</a>, but had other conductors as well, such as Francesco Mander and Edgar Cree.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also international composers such as <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SABC Junior Orchestra was also created and began in February 1966 under Walter Mony.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_radio">Regional radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Regional radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regional commercial FM music stations were started in the 1960s. </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Station </th> <th>Launch date </th> <th>Replaced by </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td>Radio Highveld </td> <td>1964 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/947_(radio_station)" title="947 (radio station)">947</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td>Radio Good Hope </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>Good Hope FM </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td>Radio Port Natal </td> <td>1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Radio_(South_Africa)" title="East Coast Radio (South Africa)">East Coast Radio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td>Radio Jacaranda </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_FM" title="Jacaranda FM">Jacaranda FM</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td>Radio Oranje </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OFM_(South_Africa)" title="OFM (South Africa)">OFM</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td>Radio Algoa </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algoa_FM" title="Algoa FM">Algoa FM</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the establishment of a republic and withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> in 1961, the Afrikaners' goal was to promote their culture and so, at first, the SABC's choice of popular music reflected the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a> government's initial conservatism, especially on the Afrikaans channel, with musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Nico_Carstens" title="Nico Carstens">Nico Carstens</a>. However Carstens was also ostracised by the SABC, as his music was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">Coloured</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Malay">Malay</a> communities of Cape Town.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, musicians broke through the barrier, when the young, English-speaking Jewish musician and composer, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Segal_(pianist)" title="Charles Segal (pianist)">Charles Segal</a> collaborated with the older Afrikaans lyric-writer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Dewaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Dewaal (page does not exist)">Anton Dewaal</a>, to write songs.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segal's songs like "Die Ou Kalahari" became highly popular with the Afrikaans-speaking public.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there was tight censorship over all broadcasts, particularly of pop music, with, for example, the music of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> being banned by the SABC between 1966 and March 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966 the SABC established an external service, known as <a href="/wiki/Radio_RSA" title="Radio RSA">Radio RSA</a>, which broadcast in English, Swahili, French, Portuguese, Dutch and German. In 1969 the SABC held a national contest to find theme music for the service. This contest was won by the popular <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> pianist and composer, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Segal_(pianist)" title="Charles Segal (pianist)">Charles Segal</a> and co-writer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Arenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Arenson (page does not exist)">Dorothy Arenson</a>. Their composition, "Carousel" remained the theme song for Radio RSA until 1992, when it was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, the SABC ran a competition to promote South African music. Each of the 15 radio stations, represented by an artist, entered a song to compete for the Song for South Africa in the National Song Festival. The finals were broadcast live on television. The Radio Port Natal submission won the competition with the Don Clarke song, <i>Sanbonani</i>, performed by P J Powers and Hotline.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SABC compiled the <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a> sales chart from the end of 1981 to 1995, and the <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">singles</a> sales chart from 1958 to 1989 when singles stopped being manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996_restructuring">1996 restructuring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1996 restructuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996 the SABC carried out a significant restructuring of their services. The main English-language radio service became <a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a>. The new service, after some initial faltering, soon developed a respectable listenership and was regarded as a flagship for the new democracy. However, government interference in the state broadcaster in 2003 saw further changes to SAfm which reversed the growth and put it in rapid decline once more.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Today it attracts only 0.6% of the total population to its broadcasts. The main Afrikaans radio service was renamed <a href="/wiki/Radio_Sonder_Grense" title="Radio Sonder Grense">Radio Sonder Grense</a> (literally 'Radio Without Borders') in 1995 and has enjoyed greater success with the transition. </p><p>By contrast, SABC Radio's competitors, like <a href="/wiki/Primedia" title="Primedia">Primedia</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Radio_702" title="Radio 702">Radio 702</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Talk">Cape Talk</a> and <a href="/wiki/94.7_Highveld_Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="94.7 Highveld Stereo">94.7 Highveld Stereo</a> have grown steadily in audience and revenue, while other stations such as the black-owned and focused <a href="/wiki/YFM" title="YFM">YFM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaya_FM" title="Kaya FM">Kaya FM</a> have also attracted black audiences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming_policy">Programming policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Programming policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 12 May 2016, the SABC has implemented a policy to promote local content. 90% of all music played on the broadcaster's 18 radio stations will be sourced from local artists with a focus on kwaito, jazz, reggae and gospel genres.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Station_list">Station list</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Station list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Station </th> <th>Language </th> <th>Former name(s) </th> <th>Launch date </th> <th>Website </th> <th>Webcast </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a> </td> <td>English </td> <td>"A" Service; Radio South Africa </td> <td>1936 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.safm.co.za/">www.safm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235930/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx">Archived</a> 30 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/5FM" title="5FM">5FM</a> </td> <td>English </td> <td>Springbok Radio </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5fm.co.za/">www.5fm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235828/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx">Archived</a> 30 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro_FM" title="Metro FM">Metro FM</a> </td> <td>English </td> <td>Radio Metro </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metrofm.co.za/">www.metrofm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000724/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx">Archived</a> 31 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_2000" title="Radio 2000">Radio 2000</a> </td> <td>English </td> <td>Radio South Africa </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio2000.co.za/">www.radio2000.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134437/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-radio2000_int.asx">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Hope_FM" title="Good Hope FM">Good Hope FM</a> </td> <td>English and Afrikaans </td> <td>Radio Good Hope </td> <td>1965 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/">www.goodhopefm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150528/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx">Archived</a> 28 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_Sonder_Grense" title="Radio Sonder Grense">RSG</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a> </td> <td>"B" Service; Radio Suid-Afrika; Afrikaans Stereo </td> <td>1937 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsg.co.za/">www.rsg.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx">[6]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612142737/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukhozi_FM" title="Ukhozi FM">Ukhozi FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> </td> <td>Radio Zulu </td> <td>1960 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukhozifm.co.za/">www.ukhozifm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx">[7]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105436/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Umhlobo_Wenene_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Umhlobo Wenene FM">Umhlobo Wenene FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> </td> <td>Radio Xhosa (& Radio Transkei) </td> <td>1960 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819045019/http://www.uwfm.co.za/">www.uwfm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134501/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-umhlobowenene_int.asx">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesedi_FM" title="Lesedi FM">Lesedi FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Southern Sotho</a> </td> <td>Radio Sesotho </td> <td>1960 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesedifm.co.za/">www.lesedifm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134338/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-lesedi_int.asx">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Thobela_FM" title="Thobela FM">Thobela FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a> </td> <td>Radio Lebowa </td> <td>1960 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thobelafm.co.za/">www.thobelafm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134451/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-thobela_int.asx">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Motsweding_FM" title="Motsweding FM">Motsweding FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> </td> <td>Radio Setswana (& Radio Mmabatho) </td> <td>1962 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motswedingfm.co.za/">www.motswedingfm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105515/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/motsweding/motsweding_22.asx">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Phalaphala_FM" title="Phalaphala FM">Phalaphala FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a> </td> <td>Radio Venda (& Radio Thohoyandou) </td> <td>1965 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phalaphalafm.co.za/">www.phalaphalafm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134425/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-phalaphala_int.asx">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Munghana_Lonene_FM" title="Munghana Lonene FM">Munghana Lonene FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> </td> <td>Radio XiTsonga </td> <td>1965 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.munghanalonenefm.co.za/">www.munghanalonenefm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134408/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-munganalonene_int.asx">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ligwalagwala_FM" title="Ligwalagwala FM">Ligwalagwala FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a> </td> <td>Radio Swazi </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za/">www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134346/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ligwalagwala_int.asx">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/IKwekwezi_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="IKwekwezi FM">iKwekwezi FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a> </td> <td>Radio Ndebele </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/">www.ikwekwezifm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134330/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ikwekwezifm_int.asx">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tru_fm" title="Tru fm">tru fm</a> </td> <td>English and Xhosa </td> <td>Radio Ciskei; CKI FM </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trufm.co.za/">www.trufm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134308/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-cki_int.asx">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lotus_FM" title="Lotus FM">Lotus FM</a> </td> <td>English and <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> (for<br />the <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in South Africa">Indian</a><br />community) </td> <td>Radio Lotus </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lotusfm.co.za/">www.lotusfm.co.za</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx">[17]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617082852/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx">Archived</a> 17 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/X-K_FM_107.9" title="X-K FM 107.9">X-K FM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/!Kung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="!Kung language">!Xu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khwe_language" title="Khwe language">Khwe</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134526/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-x-k_int.asx">[18]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_(1975–1995)"><span id="Early_history_.281975.E2.80.931995.29"></span>Early history (1975–1995)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Early history (1975–1995)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldsabclogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bb/Oldsabclogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="164" /></a><figcaption>SABC logo, used from 1976 to 1996</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1975, after years of controversy over the <a href="/wiki/Television_in_South_Africa#Slow_introduction" title="Television in South Africa">introduction of television</a>, the SABC was finally allowed to introduce a colour TV service, which began experimental broadcasts in the main cities on 5 May 1975, before the service went nationwide on 6 January 1976. Initially, the TV service was funded entirely through a <a href="/wiki/Television_licence_fee" class="mw-redirect" title="Television licence fee">licence fee</a> just like the UK, but began advertising in 1978. The SABC (both Television and Radio) is still partly funded by the licence fee (currently <a href="/wiki/Rand_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rand (currency)">R</a>250 a year). </p><p>The service initially broadcast only in English and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>, with an emphasis on religious programming on Sundays.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local soap opera, <i>The Villagers</i>, set on a gold mine, was well received while other local productions like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dingleys" title="The Dingleys">The Dingleys</a></i> were panned as amateurish.<sup id="cite_ref-spectator_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectator-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of acquired programming on South African television came from the United States, although owing to their opposition to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, some production companies stopped selling programmes to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British actors' union <a href="/wiki/British_Actors%27_Equity_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="British Actors' Equity Association">Equity</a> had already started a boycott of programme sales to South Africa, which was not lifted until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a> police drama series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sweeney" title="The Sweeney">The Sweeney</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Valk_(1972_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Valk (1972 TV series)">Van der Valk</a></i>, were briefly shown on SABC TV,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was the original version of <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderbirds_(TV_series)" title="Thunderbirds (TV series)">Thunderbirds</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-spectator_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectator-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many imported programmes were <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">dubbed</a> into Afrikaans and other indigenous languages, but in 1985, in order to accommodate English speakers, the SABC began to <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcast</a> the original-language audio of series on an <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM radio</a> service called <a href="/wiki/Radio_2000" title="Radio 2000">Radio 2000</a>, allowing viewers to watch them in the original language; the first English-language series to be simulcast was <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Vice" title="Miami Vice">Miami Vice</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SABC TV also produced lavish musical shows featuring the most popular South African composers, solo musicians, bands and orchestras. For example, the pianist and composer, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Segal_(pianist)" title="Charles Segal (pianist)">Charles Segal</a>, was given a half-hour special show: <i>The Music of Charles Segal</i>, where a selection of his music was performed by various local artists, such as Zane Adams, SABC Orchestra and others. However, it also broadcast pop music series like <i>Pop Shop</i>, which consisted of overseas and local music, and <i>Double Track</i>, which consisted entirely of local acts.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a limited budget, early programming aimed at children tended to be quite innovative, and programmes such as the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>-language puppet shows <i><a href="/wiki/Haas_Das_se_Nuuskas" title="Haas Das se Nuuskas">Haas Das se Nuus Kas</a></i> and <i>Oscar in Asblikfontein</i> are still fondly remembered by many.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 1981, two services were introduced, TV2 broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> and TV3 broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>, both targeted at a black urban audience.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main channel, then called TV1, was divided evenly between English and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, as before. In 1986, a new service called TV4 was introduced, carrying <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> programming, taking over the frequencies used by TV2 and TV3, which then had to end broadcasting at 21:00.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, TV2, TV3 and TV4 were combined into a new service called CCV (Contemporary Community Values).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third channel was introduced known as TSS, or Topsport Surplus Sport, Topsport being the brand name for the SABC's sport coverage, but this was replaced by NNTV (National Network TV), an educational, non-commercial channel, in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition_and_restructuring">Competition and restructuring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Competition and restructuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, the SABC's monopoly on the television industry was challenged by the launch of a subscription-based service known as <a href="/wiki/M-Net" title="M-Net">M-Net</a>, which was backed by a consortium of newspaper publishers. This service was prohibited from broadcasting its own news programmes, which were still the preserve of the SABC. Direct-to-home satellite television in South Africa began when M-Net's parent company, <a href="/wiki/Multichoice" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichoice">Multichoice</a>, launched its first-in-the-world digital satellite TV service, <a href="/wiki/DStv" title="DStv">DStv</a>, in 1995. At the time, SABC TV channels, were not broadcast on this network, but agreements were later reached that allowed DStv to carry the SABC channels as well. In 1998, the SABC's dominance of free-to-air terrestrial television was further eroded by the launch of the first free-to-air private TV channel, <a href="/wiki/Etv_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Etv (South Africa)">e.tv</a>. </p><p>In 1996, the SABC reorganised its three TV channels with the aim of making them more representative of the various cultural groups.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These new channels were called <a href="/wiki/SABC_1" title="SABC 1">SABC 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/SABC_2" title="SABC 2">SABC 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/SABC_3" title="SABC 3">SABC 3</a>. The SABC also absorbed the <a href="/wiki/Bop_TV" title="Bop TV">Bop TV</a> channel of the former <a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a> <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">bantustan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1996 and 1998, the SABC had a satellite television service called <a href="/wiki/AstraSat" title="AstraSat">AstraSat</a>, which operated two channels, AstraSport and AstraPlus. Technological problems and advertising losses led to the scrapping of the service.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SABC TV programmes in Afrikaans and other languages are now subtitled in English, but programmes in English are not usually subtitled in other languages, the perception being that all South Africans can understand English.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, subtitling was confined to productions like operas and operettas.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not used on TV1, on the assumption that most viewers understood both Afrikaans and English,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor on CCV, despite presenters using two or more different languages during a single programme.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_services">New services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: New services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, the SABC announced proposed the creation of two complementary regional television channels, SABC4 and SABC5, to emphasise indigenous languages.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SABC4, based in Mafikeng, was to be broadcast in <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho language">Sesotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedi language">Pedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a>, and Afrikaans, to the northern provinces of the country, while SABC5, based in Cape Town, was to broadcast in <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>, as well as Afrikaans, to the southern provinces. Unlike other SABC TV services, SABC4 and SABC5 were not to be available via satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from soundbites on news or current affairs programmes, no English-language programming would be shown on either channel.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the plans fell through and in 2015, the SABC stated that it would launch two new channels, SABC News and SABC Encore.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the SABC announced plans to launch a new news channel, SABC News, to be available on DStv, instead of waiting for the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">digital terrestrial television</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, SABC partnered up with online TV platform Tuluntulu to launch two more channels which were SABC Education and SABC Children. </p><p>According to the SABC, the factors which are considered when deciding how much time a language gets on television are the following: how many home language speakers exist in the coverage area of a channel; the geographical spread of the language; the extent to which members of a language community are able to understand other languages; the extent of marginalisation of a language; the extent to which the language is understood by other South Africans; and whether there is available content that uses the language.<sup id="cite_ref-SABCFAQ1_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABCFAQ1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SABC currently plans to launch five channels, the four of them being language-targeted:<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A channel targeting <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Pedi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a> speakers</li> <li>A channel targeting <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a> speakers</li> <li>A channel targeting <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a> speakers</li> <li>A channel targeting <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a> speakers</li> <li>A SABC sports channel</li></ul> <p>SABC TV has an audience of over 30 million.<sup id="cite_ref-SABCAdBG_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABCAdBG-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SABC1 reaches 89% of the public, SABC2 reaches 91% of the public, and SABC3 reaches 77% of the public, according to the broadcaster.<sup id="cite_ref-SABCFAQ1_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABCFAQ1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SABC has 18 radio stations, which have more than 25 million weekly listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-SABCAdBG_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABCAdBG-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, SABC scrapped part of the plans from 2015 and downsized their DTT plans from 18 TV channels to just 9 TV channels due to financial woes. The SABC have SABC 1-3 and News falling under the 9 channels with the rest being: </p> <ul><li>A sports channel</li> <li>A health channel</li> <li>A history channel</li> <li>A parliamentary channel</li> <li>An education channel</li></ul> <p>All these channels needed funding in order to materialize and without it the channels remain a dream. All of these channels will be craft through partnerships and a group executive at the SABC mentioned that if they are able to get the sports channel running in SD then they may be able to get a ninth channel which is history.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 May 2020 amidst the coronavirus outbreak, the SABC launched its educational channel called SABC Education through DTT and YouTube with additional platforms added soon.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SABC Encore shut down from the end of May apparently MultiChoice and SABC agreement for the channel ended back in 2018 giving the channel a 2-year open window. The SABC said they were exploring other the idea of continuing the channel through another platform. </p><p>In November 2020, SABC signed a channel and radio distribution agreement with <a href="/wiki/Telkom_(South_Africa)" title="Telkom (South Africa)">Telkom</a> for their new streaming service.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also launched their own catch-up and video on demand streaming service called SABC Plus on 17 November 2022, similar to <a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a>, following two years of announcements.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_outside_South_Africa">Reception outside South Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reception outside South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg/250px-South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg/330px-South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg/500px-South_African_Broadcast_Corporation._Overseas_Transcription_Service_-_33rpm_record.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>1970s SABC record for overseas transcription services.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botswana,_Lesotho_and_Eswatini"><span id="Botswana.2C_Lesotho_and_Eswatini"></span>Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SABC television via satellite had also been widely available in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After complaints from rights holders in Botswana, SABC encrypted its TV channels, thereby cutting off viewers in those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibia">Namibia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Namibia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 1979, the SABC operated broadcasting services in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, which was then under <a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South African rule</a>, but in that year, these were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_Broadcasting_Corporation#From_SABC_to_SWABC" title="Namibian Broadcasting Corporation">South West African Broadcasting Corporation</a> (SWABC).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the SWABC retained technical personnel from the SABC, and a number of its programmes were prepared at the SABC's studios in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> before being dispatched to Windhoek for transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SABC also helped the SWABC to establish a television service in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This comprised a mix of programming in English, Afrikaans and German, 90 per cent of which came from or via the SABC.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programmes were shown locally a week after South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SWABC received SABC TV programming (which it recorded, edited and rebroadcast) first by using a <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwave</a> link, and later via an <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a> link.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SWABC became the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Namibian Broadcasting Corporation">Namibian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (NBC) after the country's independence in 1990. </p><p>However, <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclave</a> of South Africa in Namibia until 1994, received the SABC's TV1 on a low-power repeater, which was broadcast live via Intelsat from 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambique">Mozambique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mozambique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cable company TV Cabo (Visabeira) offered SABC 1, SABC 3 and Bop TV in its first few years of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These alongside e.tv were removed due to rights issues, in a situation similar to what would happen in Botswana ten years later, being replaced by other channels from the DStv bouquet, in August 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing uproar from subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_services">International services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: International services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, the SABC began to broadcast two TV channels to the rest of Africa: SABC Africa, a news service, and Africa 2 Africa, entertainment programming from South Africa and other African countries, via <a href="/wiki/DStv" title="DStv">DStv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Africa 2 Africa was merged with SABC Africa to create a hybrid service, drawing programming from both sources.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SABC Africa closed in August 2008 after the SABC's contract with DStv was not renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the SABC launched a 24-hour international news channel, SABC News International, but closed in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms_and_controversies">Criticisms and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Criticisms and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accusations_of_pro-ANC_bias">Accusations of pro-ANC bias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Accusations of pro-ANC bias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SABC has been accused of being a government and <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ruling party</a> mouthpiece, particularly in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2014">2014 South African elections</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly after it refused to air the campaign adverts of various opposition parties,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and again in 2015 when it censored the video feeds of the 2015 State of the Nation address that portrayed the ANC and President Jacob Zuma in a negative light.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Minister of Communications, <a href="/wiki/Faith_Muthambi" title="Faith Muthambi">Faith Muthambi</a> reinforced the notion that the SABC was a state-owned company, and therefore, subject to control by the Department of Communications and the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ruling party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2005, the SABC came under heavy fire from independent media and the public for failing to broadcast footage in which deputy president <a href="/wiki/Phumzile_Mlambo-Ngcuka" title="Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka">Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka</a> was booed offstage by members of the <a href="/wiki/ANC_Youth_League" class="mw-redirect" title="ANC Youth League">ANC Youth League</a>, who were showing support for the newly axed ex-deputy president, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rival broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Etv_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Etv (South Africa)">eTV</a> publicly accused SABC of 'biased reporting' for failing to show the video footage of the humiliated deputy president. <a href="/wiki/Snuki_Zikalala" title="Snuki Zikalala">Snuki Zikalala</a>, Head of News and ex-ANC spokesperson retorted that their cameraman had not been present at the meeting. This claim was later established to be false when eTV footage was released which showed an SABC cameraman filming the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SABC's government connections also came under scrutiny when, in April 2005, Zimbabwean president <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> was interviewed live by Zikalala, who is a former ANC <a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">political commissar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interview was deemed by the public to have sidestepped 'critical issues', and to have avoided difficult questions regarding Mugabe's radical land-reform policies and human rights violations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accusations_of_censorship">Accusations of censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Accusations of censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2006, the SABC was accused of <a href="/wiki/Self_censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Self censorship">self-censorship</a> when it decided not to air a documentary on South African president <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a>, and in early June 2006, the news organisation requested that the producers (from Daylight Films) not speak about it. This was widely criticised by independent media groups.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the <a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_of_Expression_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="International Freedom of Expression Exchange">International Freedom of Expression Exchange</a> issued an alert concerning the SABC's apparent trend toward self-censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2006, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Journalists" title="International Federation of Journalists">International Federation of Journalists</a> denounced the cancelling of the Thabo Mbeki documentary, citing "self-censorship" and "politically-influenced managers".<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in June 2006, <a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a> host <a href="/wiki/John_Perlman" title="John Perlman">John Perlman</a> disclosed on air that the SABC had created a blacklist of commentators.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A commission of inquiry was created by SABC CEO <a href="/wiki/Dali_Mpofu" title="Dali Mpofu">Dali Mpofu</a> to investigate the allegations that individuals had been blacklisted at the behest of Zikalala.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perlman eventually resigned from SAfm, and the broadcaster came under heavy criticism from free media advocates. </p><p>Shortly before the ANC's 2012 elective conference in Mangaung, the board of the SABC handed control of news, television, radio and sport to COO <a href="/wiki/Hlaudi_Motsoeneng" title="Hlaudi Motsoeneng">Hlaudi Motsoeneng</a>. The board's decision was interpreted by some at the SABC as a calculated attempt to ensure that an ANC faction close to President Jacob Zuma was given positive coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a press conference held by the SABC on 6 December 2012, to explain why it had prevented three journalists from participating in a discussion on how the media would cover the ANC's elective conference in Manguang, Hlaudi Motsoeneng said that whenever the ANC is discussed on the SABC an ANC party representative must be present. </p><p>In April 2014, journalists were warned by SABC chairperson, Ellen Zandile Tshabalala, that their phones were being wiretapped by the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)">NIA</a>, and reminded them to be loyal to the ANC ruling party. When challenged on the matter, Tshabalala insisted that her comments had been taken out of context. The scandal erupted at the same time that the DA official opposition accused the SABC of censorship<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when they stopped airing a television advert that referred to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Nkandlagate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nkandlagate">Nkandlagate</a> scandal. </p><p>In February 2015, the SABC was accused of censoring video and audio feeds of the State of the Nation address in Parliament, after opposition party <a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">EFF</a> was forcefully ejected by armed plain-clothes policemen after interrupting the President's speech. Footage of opposition party <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a> walking out in protest over the presence of the armed personnel was also censored. This was in addition to the presence of a signal-jamming device that prevented journalists and MP's from being able to use their mobile devices to post news online.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SABC was criticised for banning footage that showed protests and demonstrations in the run-up to the 2016 local elections.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2016, eight SABC journalists challenged the broadcaster's decision to censor news items, and were dismissed from the organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A subsequent hearing at the Labour Court found the dismissals were unlawful and ordered the reinstatement of four of the full-time SABC employees.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period the eight journalists, including <a href="/wiki/Suna_Venter" title="Suna Venter">Suna Venter</a>, were subjected to a number of death threats and other forms of intimidation.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the South African parliament began investigating corruption allegations against SABC and its Group Executive of Corporate Affairs - Hlaudi Motsoeneng.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 December, the Western Cape High Court ruled that Motsoeneng be removed from office effective immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SABC_Encore's_launch_party"><span id="SABC_Encore.27s_launch_party"></span>SABC Encore's launch party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: SABC Encore's launch party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the channel's launch event, the COO of SABC at the time used that event to rant about making pay-TV platforms like MultiChoice's DStv pay for SABC 1-3 and how the SABC is run by a 'blind person'. He also took the stage to call out those with their 'lack of knowledge' over the deal the public broadcaster has for the channel alongside SABC News.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>: <i lang="af">Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie (SAUK)</i>, though the acronym SAUK is no longer used even in Afrikaans broadcasts</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_South_Africa" title="Television in South Africa">Television in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_television_series" title="List of South African television series">List of South African television series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children_and_youth_programs_produced_by_the_SABC" title="List of children and youth programs produced by the SABC">List of children and youth programs produced by the SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Indigenous_Television_Broadcasters_Network" title="World Indigenous Television Broadcasters Network">World Indigenous Television Broadcasters Network</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SABC&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iolloss-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iolloss_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iolloss_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Eric Louw, Anthroppos, 1993, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0lQOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Africa Institute Bulletin</i>, Volume 11</a>, 1973, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charlessegal-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-charlessegal_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charlessegal.com/discography.html">"Charles Segal Music – Discography"</a>. <i>charlessegal.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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San Francisco, CA: International Association of Business Communicators: <span class="nowrap">58–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/107299423">107299423</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=S.+African+sat+crash&rft.date=1998-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1998%2Fbiz%2Fnews%2Fs-african-sat-crash-1117467702%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7nIpJOUcvX8C&dq=sabc+tv+subtitles+afrikaans&pg=PA132"><i>Language Policy and Nation-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa</i></a>, Jon Orman Springer Science & Business Media, 2008, page 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1hN1AAAAMAAJ&q=subtitles"><i>Information Digest</i></a>, The South Africa Foundation, 1989, page 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=furtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22many+South+Africans+understand+both%22">Surfing through the languages</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, Volume 335, Issues 7917–7920, page 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSoIAQAAMAAJ&q=modise"><i>African Film and Television Magazine, Volume 7</i></a>, Z Productions, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200506150754.html">South Africa: ICASA Grants the Public Broadcaster Licences to Cater for Marginalized Languages</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/AllAfrica" title="AllAfrica">AllAfrica</a></i>, 15 June 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/SABCs-ready-to-roll-20050314">SABC's ready to roll</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/News24_(website)" title="News24 (website)">News24</a></i>, 14 March 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/sabc-adds-channels-1117924696/">SABC adds channels</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>, 19 June 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Hlaudi-SABC-will-now-start-DTT-with-5-TV-channels-20150520">Hlaudi: SABC will now start DTT with 5 TV channels</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/News24_(website)" title="News24 (website)">News24</a></i>, 20 May 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/media/2013/07/26/sabcs-24-hour-news-channel-raises-many-questions">SABC's 24-hour news channel raises many questions</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Day_(South_Africa)" title="Business Day (South Africa)">Business Day</a></i>, 26 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SABCFAQ1-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SABCFAQ1_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SABCFAQ1_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027152345/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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">"About the SABC > Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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">the original</a> on 27 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+SABC+%3E+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabc.co.za%2Fwps%2Fportal%2FSABC%2FSABCFAQ%2F%21ut%2Fp%2Fc5%2F04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA%21%21%2Fdl3%2Fd3%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%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThinus_Ferreira2016" class="citation web cs1">Thinus Ferreira (25 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/sabc-wants-to-launch-5-new-tv-channels-20160425">"SABC wants to launch 5 new TV channels"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/News24_(website)" title="News24 (website)">Channel24</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel24&rft.atitle=SABC+wants+to+launch+5+new+TV+channels&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.au=Thinus+Ferreira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel24.co.za%2FTV%2FNews%2Fsabc-wants-to-launch-5-new-tv-channels-20160425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SABCAdBG-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SABCAdBG_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SABCAdBG_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/advertising%7ctitle=ADVERTISING%7cpublisher=sabc.co.za">"ADVERTISING"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ADVERTISING&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabc.co.za%2Fwps%2Fportal%2FSABC%2Fadvertising%257ctitle%3DADVERTISING%257cpublisher%3Dsabc.co.za&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-sabc-downsizes-its-unfunded-digital.html?m=1:">The SABC downsizes its unfunded digital TV dream for DTT from 18 to these 9 TV channels.</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV_With_Thinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV With Thinus (page does not exist)">TV With Thinus</a></i>, 26 September 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThinus_Ferreira2020" class="citation web cs1">Thinus Ferreira (30 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-sabc-launches-sabc-education-as-new.html?m=1">"The SABC launches SABC Education as a new tv channel, will debut 4 May 2020 on YouTube and on DTT"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV_with_Thinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV with Thinus (page does not exist)">TV with Thinus</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+with+Thinus&rft.atitle=The+SABC+launches+SABC+Education+as+a+new+tv+channel%2C+will+debut+4+May+2020+on+YouTube+and+on+DTT&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.au=Thinus+Ferreira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteeveetee.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F04%2Fthe-sabc-launches-sabc-education-as-new.html%3Fm%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/11/telkom-launches-its-telkomone-video.html?m=1">"TV with Thinus: Telkom launches its TelkomONE video streaming service including linear TV channels with free package and R7 per day subscription; plans more bouquets and says 'we're here for the long run'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 9 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+with+Thinus%3A+Telkom+launches+its+TelkomONE+video+streaming+service+including+linear+TV+channels+with+free+package+and+R7+per+day+subscription%3B+plans+more+bouquets+and+says+%27we%27re+here+for+the+long+run%27&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteeveetee.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F11%2Ftelkom-launches-its-telkomone-video.html%3Fm%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/sabc-launches-streaming-app-sabc-plus/">"SABC launches streaming app SABC Plus"</a>. 17 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SABC+launches+streaming+app+SABC+Plus&rft.date=2022-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabcnews.com%2Fsabcnews%2Fsabc-launches-streaming-app-sabc-plus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASABC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&pg=PA22"><i>Media Law in Botswana</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083009/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&source=bl&ots=p4BslKmA51&sig=0WuFO9QpUYgVPrv71hZkOPpJWXE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt37bu1PjKAhWGAJoKHUNCBIwQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=botswana%20gbc%20tv%201988&f=true">Archived</a> 18 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kluwer Law International, 2011, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itwebafrica.com/ict-and-governance/361-botswana/231218-sentechs-pirated-botswana-signal-finally-off-air">Sentech's 'pirated' Botswana signal finally off-air</a>, <i>ITWeb Africa</i>, 1 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B-I-AQAAIAAJ"><i>The Laws of South West Africa</i></a>, J. Meibert, 1979</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BlhEAQAAIAAJ"><i>Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 80–86</i></a>, Foreign Broadcast Information Service., 1985, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SkVNAAAAYAAJ&q=%22television+service%22"><i>SWA/Namibia Today</i></a>, Section Liaison Services, Department of Governmental Affairs, 1988, page 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rl81AQAAIAAJ&q=%22afrikaans+programmes%22"><i>Economic development strategies for independent Namibia</i></a>, Harbans Singh, Wilfred W. Asombang, United Nations Institute for Namibia, 1989, page 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guide-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guide_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guide_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0jAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Walvis+Bay%22"><i>International TV & Video Guide</i></a>, Richard Paterson, Tantivy Press, 1986, pages 181–183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3j7tAAAAMAAJ&q=SABC+"><i>Namibia Review</i>, Volume 11</a>, Directorate of Production and Publicity, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2002, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por=">TV CABO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020609220511/http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por=">Archived</a> 9 June 2002 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/">Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031104023243/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/">Archived</a> 4 November 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/">Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094933/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/">Archived</a> 21 November 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/">Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094150/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/">Archived</a> 21 November 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XsTSXIhG2sgC&dq=%22Africa+2+Africa%22+tv+channel&pg=PA34"><i>Media Studies: Institutions, theories, and issues</i></a>, Pieter J. 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SA_Government_departments" title="Template:SA Government departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SA_Government_departments" title="Template talk:SA Government departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SA_Government_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SA Government departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20x20px_Departments_of_the_Government_of_South_Africa225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_South_Africa" title="Departments of the Government of South Africa">Departments of the Government of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">The Presidency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture,_Land_Reform_and_Rural_Development" title="Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development">Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Basic_Education" title="Department of Basic Education">Basic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Communications_and_Digital_Technologies" title="Department of Communications and Digital Technologies">Communications and Digital Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Cooperative_Governance" title="Department of Cooperative Governance">Cooperative Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Correctional_Services_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)">Correctional Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defence_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Defence (South Africa)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economic_Development_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Economic Development (South Africa)">Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Employment_and_Labour" title="Department of Employment and Labour">Employment and Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment,_Forestry_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries">Environment, Forestry and Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Treasury_(South_Africa)" title="National Treasury (South Africa)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Health (South Africa)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_and_Training" title="Department of Higher Education and Training">Higher Education and Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_Affairs_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Human_Settlements" title="Department of Human Settlements">Human Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_International_Relations_and_Cooperation" title="Department of International Relations and Cooperation">International Relations and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Development" title="Department of Justice and Constitutional Development">Justice and Constitutional Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Veterans" title="Department of Military Veterans">Military Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mineral_Resources_and_Energy" title="Department of Mineral Resources and Energy">Mineral Resources and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Police_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Police (South Africa)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Enterprises" title="Department of Public Enterprises">Public Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Service_and_Administration" title="Department of Public Service and Administration">Public Service and Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Infrastructure" title="Department of Public Works and Infrastructure">Public Works and Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Innovation" title="Department of Science and Innovation">Science and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Small_Business_Development" title="Department of Small Business Development">Small Business Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Development_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Social Development (South Africa)">Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Sports,_Arts_and_Culture" title="Department of Sports, Arts and Culture">Sports, Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Tourism (South Africa)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade,_Industry_and_Competition" title="Department of Trade, Industry and Competition">Trade, Industry and Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Traditional_Affairs" title="Department of Traditional Affairs">Traditional Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transport_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Transport (South Africa)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Water_and_Sanitation" title="Department of Water and Sanitation">Water and Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Women,_Youth_and_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities">Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies with<br />department status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Communication_and_Information_System" title="Government Communication and Information System">Government Communication and Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Investigative_Directorate" title="Independent Police Investigative Directorate">Independent Police Investigative Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_School_of_Government_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National School of Government (South Africa) (page does not exist)">National School of Government</a></li> <li>Office of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_South_Africa" title="Chief Justice of South Africa">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Service_Commission_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Service Commission (South Africa) (page does not exist)">Public Service Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_South_Africa" title="Statistics South Africa">Statistics South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SABC" title="Template:SABC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SABC" title="Template talk:SABC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SABC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SABC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_FM" title="Metro FM">Metro FM</a> (English)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5FM" title="5FM">5FM</a> (English)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_2000" title="Radio 2000">Radio 2000</a> (English)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Hope_FM" title="Good Hope FM">Good Hope FM</a> (English and Afrikaans)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tru_fm" title="Tru fm">tru fm</a> (English and Xhosa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_FM" title="Lotus FM">Lotus FM</a> (English and <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Sonder_Grense" title="Radio Sonder Grense">Radio Sonder Grense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKwekwezi_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="IKwekwezi FM">iKwekwezi FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesedi_FM" title="Lesedi FM">Lesedi FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligwalagwala_FM" title="Ligwalagwala FM">Ligwalagwala FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motsweding_FM" title="Motsweding FM">Motsweding FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munghana_Lonene_FM" title="Munghana Lonene FM">Munghana Lonene FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalaphala_FM" title="Phalaphala FM">Phalaphala FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thobela_FM" title="Thobela FM">Thobela FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukhozi_FM" title="Ukhozi FM">Ukhozi FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umhlobo_Wenene_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Umhlobo Wenene FM">Umhlobo Wenene FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-K_FM_107.9" title="X-K FM 107.9">X-K FM 107.9</a> (<a href="/wiki/!Kung_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="!Kung languages">!Xun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khwe_language" title="Khwe language">Khwe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a> (international)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current television channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SABC_1" title="SABC 1">SABC 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_2" title="SABC 2">SABC 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_3" title="SABC 3">SABC 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_News" title="SABC News">SABC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Education" title="SABC Education">SABC Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Sport" title="SABC Sport">SABC Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Children" title="SABC Children">SABC Children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former television and radio channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Namibian Broadcasting Corporation">South West African Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraSat" title="AstraSat">AstraSport and AstraPlus (AstraSat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Africa" title="SABC Africa">SABC Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Africa2Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Africa2Africa (page does not exist)">Africa2Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Encore" title="SABC Encore">SABC Encore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springbok_Radio" title="Springbok Radio">Springbok Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongehoord_Nederland" title="Ongehoord Nederland">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Radio_Union" title="Dutch Radio Union">NRU</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications802" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications802" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/20px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/40px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greater_Johannesburg710" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Template:Greater Johannesburg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Template talk:Greater Johannesburg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Johannesburg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greater_Johannesburg710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Johannesburg" title="Greater Johannesburg">Greater Johannesburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_environment710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Geography" title="Johannesburg">Natural environment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaapvaal craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Supergroup" title="Transvaal Supergroup">Transvaal Supergroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Basin" title="Transvaal Basin">Transvaal Basin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Supergroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Witwatersrand Supergroup">Witwatersrand Supergroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Witwatersrand Basin">Witwatersrand Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(mining_term)" title="Banket (mining term)">Banket</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Topography" title="Johannesburg">Topography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Observatory_Ridge,_Johannesburg" title="Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg">Observatory Ridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Magaliesberg</a> (partially)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vredefort_impact_structure" title="Vredefort impact structure">Vredefort impact structure</a> (partially)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers and<br />wetlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Orange_River" title="Orange River">Orange</a> basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blesbokspruit" title="Blesbokspruit">Blesbokspruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Spruit" title="Braamfontein Spruit">Braamfontein Spruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennops_River" title="Hennops River">Hennops River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukskei_River" title="Jukskei River">Jukskei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klip_River" title="Klip River">Klip River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderfonteinspruit" title="Wonderfonteinspruit">Wonderfonteinspruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo</a> basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_River_(Limpopo)" title="Crocodile River (Limpopo)">Crocodile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilge_River_(Olifants)" title="Wilge River (Olifants)">Wilge River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Climate" title="Johannesburg">Climate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Johannesburg_flood" title="2016 Johannesburg flood">2016 flooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932021_Southern_African_drought" title="2018–2021 Southern African drought">2018–2021 drought</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of<br />Humankind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taung_Child" title="Taung Child">Taung Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Ples" title="Mrs. Ples">Mrs Ples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Foot" title="Little Foot">Little Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Rising Star Expedition">Rising Star Expedition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground Astronauts">Underground Astronauts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fossil_sites12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fossil sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolt%27s_Farm" title="Bolt's Farm">Bolt's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_Cave" title="Cooper's Cave">Cooper's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drimolen" title="Drimolen">Drimolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladysvale_Cave" title="Gladysvale Cave">Gladysvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haasgat" title="Haasgat">Haasgat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromdraai_fossil_site" title="Kromdraai fossil site">Kromdraai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapa_Fossil_Site,_Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind">Malapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnaar%27s_Cave" title="Minnaar's Cave">Minnaar's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motsetsi" title="Motsetsi">Motsetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plovers_Lake" title="Plovers Lake">Plovers Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_Cave" title="Rising Star Cave">Rising Star Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterkfontein" title="Sterkfontein">Sterkfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swartkrans" title="Swartkrans">Swartkrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Cave_(Kromdraai,_Gauteng)" title="Wonder Cave (Kromdraai, Gauteng)">Wonder Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biodiversity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highveld_grasslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Highveld grasslands">Highveld grasslands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane grasslands and shrublands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrotropical_realm" title="Afrotropical realm">Afrotropical realm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">biogeographic realm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleotropical_kingdom" title="Paleotropical kingdom">Palaeotropical kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phytochorion" title="Phytochorion">floristic kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Provinces" title="Northern Provinces">Northern Provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Geographical_Scheme_for_Recording_Plant_Distributions#Levels_3_and_4:_areas_and_basic_recording_units" title="World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions">WGSRPD area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trees_of_Gauteng" title="Timber trees of Gauteng">Timber trees</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetation_types_of_South_Africa" title="List of vegetation types of South Africa">Vegetation types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andesite_Mountain_Bushveld" title="Andesite Mountain Bushveld">Andesite Mountain Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carletonville_Dolomite_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carletonville Dolomite Grassland (page does not exist)">Carletonville Dolomite Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Highveld_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Highveld Grassland (page does not exist)">Eastern Highveld Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Temperate_Freshwater_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands (page does not exist)">Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egoli_Granite_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egoli Granite Grassland (page does not exist)">Egoli Granite Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gauteng_Shale_Mountain_Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld (page does not exist)">Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_Reef_Mountain_Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld (page does not exist)">Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highveld_Alluvial_Vegetation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highveld Alluvial Vegetation (page does not exist)">Highveld Alluvial Vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moot_Plains_Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moot Plains Bushveld (page does not exist)">Moot Plains Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rand_Highveld_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rand Highveld Grassland (page does not exist)">Rand Highveld Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soweto_Highveld_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soweto Highveld Grassland (page does not exist)">Soweto Highveld Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakane_Clay_Grassland" title="Tsakane Clay Grassland">Tsakane Clay Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest" title="Urban forest">Urban woodland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Parks_and_gardens" title="Johannesburg">Parks and gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brenthurst_Gardens" title="Brenthurst Gardens">Brenthurst Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Park_(Johannesburg)" title="Delta Park (Johannesburg)">Delta Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Mackay_Park" title="Donald Mackay Park">Donald Mackay Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmarentia_Dam" title="Emmarentia Dam">Emmarentia Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddle_Park_(Johannesburg)" title="Huddle Park (Johannesburg)">Huddle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden" title="Johannesburg Botanical Garden">Johannesburg Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Zoo" title="Johannesburg Zoo">Johannesburg Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullinger_Kop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullinger Kop">Pullinger Kop Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_National_Botanical_Garden" title="Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden">Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmer_Pan" title="Wemmer Pan">Wemmer Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Lake" title="Zoo Lake">Zoo Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Bailey_Nature_Reserve" title="Abe Bailey Nature Reserve">Abe Bailey Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloe_Ridge_Game_Reserve" title="Aloe Ridge Game Reserve">Aloe Ridge Game Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg_Nature_Reserve" title="Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve">Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloofendal_Nature_Reserve" title="Kloofendal Nature Reserve">Kloofendal Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromdraai_Conservancy" title="Kromdraai Conservancy">Kromdraai Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp_Game_Reserve" title="Krugersdorp Game Reserve">Krugersdorp Game Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve">Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marievale_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Marievale Bird Sanctuary">Marievale Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Koppies" title="Melville Koppies">Melville Koppies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olifantsvlei_Nature_Reserve" title="Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve">Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suikerbosrand_Nature_Reserve" title="Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve">Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wilds_(Johannesburg)" title="The Wilds (Johannesburg)">The Wilds Municipal Nature Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage" title="Acid mine drainage">Acid mine drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">Mine dumps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">Urbanisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Sprawl</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communities710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Communities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_City,_Johannesburg" title="Inner City, Johannesburg">Inner City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">Johannesburg CBD</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertville,_Gauteng" title="Albertville, Gauteng">Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldara_Park" title="Aldara Park">Aldara Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam,_Gauteng" title="Amalgam, Gauteng">Amalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park" title="Auckland Park">Auckland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgravia,_Gauteng" title="Belgravia, Gauteng">Belgravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Gauteng" title="Bellevue, Gauteng">Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_East" title="Bellevue East">Bellevue East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benrose" title="Benrose">Benrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berea,_Gauteng" title="Berea, Gauteng">Berea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrams,_Gauteng" title="Bertrams, Gauteng">Bertrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Werf" title="Braamfontein Werf">Braamfontein Werf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton,_Johannesburg" title="Brixton, Johannesburg">Brixton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Deep,_Gauteng" title="City Deep, Gauteng">City Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Suburban,_Gauteng" title="City and Suburban, Gauteng">City and Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Suburban_Industrial,_Gauteng" title="City and Suburban Industrial, Gauteng">City and Suburban Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottesloe,_Johannesburg" title="Cottesloe, Johannesburg">Cottesloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Gauteng" title="Crosby, Gauteng">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown,_Gauteng" title="Crown, Gauteng">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_North" title="Crown North">Crown North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornfontein" title="Doornfontein">Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droste_Park" title="Droste Park">Droste Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmarentia" title="Emmarentia">Emmarentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview,_Gauteng" title="Fairview, Gauteng">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreirasdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg" title="Fordsburg">Fordsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Town,_Gauteng" title="Forest Town, Gauteng">Forest Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands,_Johannesburg" title="Highlands, Johannesburg">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Park,_Gauteng" title="Homestead Park, Gauteng">Homestead Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hofmeyer" title="Jan Hofmeyer">Jan Hofmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppestown" title="Jeppestown">Jeppestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppestown_South" title="Jeppestown South">Jeppestown South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joubert_Park" title="Joubert Park">Joubert Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith%27s_Paarl" title="Judith's Paarl">Judith's Paarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killarney,_Johannesburg" title="Killarney, Johannesburg">Killarney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_View_Estate" title="Lake View Estate">Lake View Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_North" title="Langlaagte North">Langlaagte North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorentzville" title="Lorentzville">Lorentzville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalltown,_Johannesburg" title="Marshalltown, Johannesburg">Marshalltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair,_Johannesburg" title="Mayfair, Johannesburg">Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_West" title="Mayfair West">Mayfair West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_Johannesburg" title="Melville, Johannesburg">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark" title="Milpark">Milpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre,_Gauteng" title="New Centre, Gauteng">New Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Doornfontein" title="New Doornfontein">New Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Johannesburg" title="Newtown, Johannesburg">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Doornfontein" title="North Doornfontein">North Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory,_Johannesburg" title="Observatory, Johannesburg">Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paarlshoop" title="Paarlshoop">Paarlshoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageview,_Johannesburg" title="Pageview, Johannesburg">Pageview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Central,_Gauteng" title="Park Central, Gauteng">Park Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown" title="Parktown">Parktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randview" title="Randview">Randview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riepen_Park" title="Riepen Park">Riepen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera,_Gauteng" title="Riviera, Gauteng">Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossmore,_Johannesburg" title="Rossmore, Johannesburg">Rossmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan,_Gauteng" title="Trojan, Gauteng">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyeville" title="Troyeville">Troyeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Deep,_Johannesburg" title="Village Deep, Johannesburg">Village Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Main,_Gauteng" title="Village Main, Gauteng">Village Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrededorp,_Gauteng" title="Vrededorp, Gauteng">Vrededorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmer" title="Wemmer">Wemmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_Johannesburg" title="Westbury, Johannesburg">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westcliff,_Gauteng" title="Westcliff, Gauteng">Westcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoville" title="Yeoville">Yeoville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern<br />suburbs and<br />environs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_Johannesburg" title="Abbotsford, Johannesburg">Abbotsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdlin" title="Airdlin">Airdlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertskroon" title="Albertskroon">Albertskroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_South_Africa" title="Alexandra, South Africa">Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholhurst" title="Atholhurst">Atholhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl,_Gauteng" title="Atholl, Gauteng">Atholl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl_Gardens" title="Atholl Gardens">Atholl Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagleyston" title="Bagleyston">Bagleyston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeque_Downs" title="Barbeque Downs">Barbeque Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeque_Downs_Business_Park" title="Barbeque Downs Business Park">Barbeque Downs Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benmore_Gardens" title="Benmore Gardens">Benmore Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berario" title="Berario">Berario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Gardens" title="Beverley Gardens">Beverley Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdhaven,_Gauteng" title="Birdhaven, Gauteng">Birdhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birnam,_Gauteng" title="Birnam, Gauteng">Birnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_Gauteng" title="Blackheath, Gauteng">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairgowrie,_Gauteng" title="Blairgowrie, Gauteng">Blairgowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloubosrand" title="Bloubosrand">Bloubosrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills,_Gauteng" title="Blue Hills, Gauteng">Blue Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux,_Gauteng" title="Bordeaux, Gauteng">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Gauteng" title="Bramley, Gauteng">Bramley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_North" title="Bramley North">Bramley North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_Park" title="Bramley Park">Bramley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle_Park" title="Bridle Park">Bridle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadacres,_Gauteng" title="Broadacres, Gauteng">Broadacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromhof" title="Bromhof">Bromhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanbrink" title="Bryanbrink">Bryanbrink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston, Gauteng">Bryanston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_East,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston East, Gauteng">Bryanston East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_West,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston West, Gauteng">Bryanston West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccleuch,_Gauteng" title="Buccleuch, Gauteng">Buccleuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bultfontein,_Johannesburg" title="Bultfontein, Johannesburg">Bultfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Bush Hill, Gauteng">Bush Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlswald" title="Carlswald">Carlswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartwell,_Gauteng" title="Chartwell, Gauteng">Chartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltondale" title="Cheltondale">Cheltondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chislehurston" title="Chislehurston">Chislehurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Life_Park" title="Country Life Park">Country Life Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_View" title="Country View">Country View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowdray_Park,_Gauteng" title="Cowdray Park, Gauteng">Cowdray Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craighall" title="Craighall">Craighall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craighall_Park" title="Craighall Park">Craighall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramerview" title="Cramerview">Cramerview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresta,_Gauteng" title="Cresta, Gauteng">Cresta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowthorne,_Gauteng" title="Crowthorne, Gauteng">Crowthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainfern" title="Dainfern">Dainfern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brink_Park" title="Daniel Brink Park">Daniel Brink Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrenwood" title="Darrenwood">Darrenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennehof,_Gauteng" title="Dennehof, Gauteng">Dennehof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepsloot" title="Diepsloot">Diepsloot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglasdale,_Gauteng" title="Douglasdale, Gauteng">Douglasdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhill,_Gauteng" title="Dunhill, Gauteng">Dunhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld,_Gauteng" title="Dunkeld, Gauteng">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld_West" title="Dunkeld West">Dunkeld West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony_Park" title="Ebony Park">Ebony Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenburg,_Gauteng" title="Edenburg, Gauteng">Edenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Hill" title="Elton Hill">Elton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_Downs,_Gauteng" title="Epsom Downs, Gauteng">Epsom Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erand" title="Erand">Erand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairland,_Gauteng" title="Fairland, Gauteng">Fairland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairway,_Gauteng" title="Fairway, Gauteng">Fairway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwood,_Gauteng" title="Fairwood, Gauteng">Fairwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmall,_Gauteng" title="Farmall, Gauteng">Farmall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellside,_Gauteng" title="Fellside, Gauteng">Fellside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Gauteng" title="Ferndale, Gauteng">Ferndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau,_Gauteng" title="Fontainebleau, Gauteng">Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbesdale" title="Forbesdale">Forbesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourways" title="Fourways">Fourways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt_Park" title="Franklin Roosevelt Park">Franklin Roosevelt Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_Manor" title="Gallo Manor">Gallo Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gardens,_Johannesburg" title="The Gardens, Johannesburg">The Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Austin" title="Glen Austin">Glen Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenadrienne" title="Glenadrienne">Glenadrienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenside,_Gauteng" title="Greenside, Gauteng">Greenside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresswold" title="Gresswold">Gresswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greymont" title="Greymont">Greymont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_Gardens" title="Halfway Gardens">Halfway Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_House_Estate" title="Halfway House Estate">Halfway House Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Estate" title="Hawkins Estate">Hawkins Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway_Hill" title="Headway Hill">Headway Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_North,_Gauteng" title="Highlands North, Gauteng">Highlands North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Estate" title="Houghton Estate">Houghton Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtkoppen" title="Houtkoppen">Houtkoppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurl_Park" title="Hurl Park">Hurl Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlingham,_Gauteng" title="Hurlingham, Gauteng">Hurlingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlingham_Gardens" title="Hurlingham Gardens">Hurlingham Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Gauteng" title="Hyde Park, Gauteng">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illovo,_Gauteng" title="Illovo, Gauteng">Illovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inadan_(city)" title="Inadan (city)">Inadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanda,_Gauteng" title="Inanda, Gauteng">Inanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Park" title="Ivory Park">Ivory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_North" title="Johannesburg North">Johannesburg North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukskei_Park" title="Jukskei Park">Jukskei Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaalfontein" title="Kaalfontein">Kaalfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_B" title="Kensington B">Kensington B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentview,_Johannesburg" title="Kentview, Johannesburg">Kentview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Gauteng" title="Kew, Gauteng">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Rock" title="Khyber Rock">Khyber Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klevehill_Park" title="Klevehill Park">Klevehill Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kya_Sand" title="Kya Sand">Kya Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kya_Sands,_Johannesburg" title="Kya Sands, Johannesburg">Kya Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Agricultural_Holdings" title="Kyalami Agricultural Holdings">Kyalami AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Business_Park" title="Kyalami Business Park">Kyalami Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Estates" title="Kyalami Estates">Kyalami Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Gauteng" title="Linden, Gauteng">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linksfield,_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Linksfield, Johannesburg">Linksfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlefillan" title="Littlefillan">Littlefillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Hill" title="Lone Hill">Lone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_Park,_Gauteng" title="Lyme Park, Gauteng">Lyme Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliessig" title="Magaliessig">Magaliessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malanshof" title="Malanshof">Malanshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro,_Gauteng" title="Marlboro, Gauteng">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_Gardens" title="Marlboro Gardens">Marlboro Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroeladal" title="Maroeladal">Maroeladal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryvale,_Gauteng" title="Maryvale, Gauteng">Maryvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Johannesburg" title="Melrose, Johannesburg">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Estate" title="Melrose Estate">Melrose Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_North" title="Melrose North">Melrose North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midridge_Park" title="Midridge Park">Midridge Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Mill Hill, Gauteng">Mill Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millgate_Farm" title="Millgate Farm">Millgate Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodie_Hill" title="Moodie Hill">Moodie Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside,_Gauteng" title="Morningside, Gauteng">Morningside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Manor" title="Morningside Manor">Morningside Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_Johannesburg" title="New Brighton, Johannesburg">New Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands,_Johannesburg" title="Newlands, Johannesburg">Newlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietgedacht" title="Nietgedacht">Nietgedacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordwyk" title="Noordwyk">Noordwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norscot" title="Norscot">Norscot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Champagne_Estates" title="North Champagne Estates">North Champagne Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northcliff" title="Northcliff">Northcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Acres,_Gauteng" title="Northern Acres, Gauteng">Northern Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgate,_Gauteng" title="Northgate, Gauteng">Northgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northriding" title="Northriding">Northriding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Gauteng" title="Norwood, Gauteng">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerder_Park" title="Oerder Park">Oerder Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivedale,_Gauteng" title="Olivedale, Gauteng">Olivedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Grove,_Gauteng" title="Orange Grove, Gauteng">Orange Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osummit" title="Osummit">Osummit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkhurst,_Gauteng" title="Parkhurst, Gauteng">Parkhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkmore" title="Parkmore">Parkmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_North" title="Parktown North">Parktown North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkview,_Gauteng" title="Parkview, Gauteng">Parkview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkwood,_Johannesburg" title="Parkwood, Johannesburg">Parkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulshof" title="Paulshof">Paulshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petervale" title="Petervale">Petervale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plooysville" title="Plooysville">Plooysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Ridge" title="President Ridge">President Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabie_Ridge" title="Rabie Ridge">Rabie Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg" title="Randburg">Randburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randjesfontein_Agricultural_Holdings" title="Randjesfontein Agricultural Holdings">Randjesfontein AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randjespark" title="Randjespark">Randjespark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark" title="Randpark">Randpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark_Ridge" title="Randpark Ridge">Randpark Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raumarais_Park" title="Raumarais Park">Raumarais Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Club,_Gauteng" title="River Club, Gauteng">River Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverbend,_Gauteng" title="Riverbend, Gauteng">Riverbend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia" title="Rivonia">Rivonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouxville,_Johannesburg" title="Rouxville, Johannesburg">Rouxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruiterhof" title="Ruiterhof">Ruiterhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfred" title="Salfred">Salfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Gauteng" title="Sandhurst, Gauteng">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandown,_Gauteng" title="Sandown, Gauteng">Sandown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Estate" title="Savoy Estate">Savoy Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxonwold" title="Saxonwold">Saxonwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba,_Gauteng" title="Simba, Gauteng">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solridge" title="Solridge">Solridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathavon" title="Strathavon">Strathavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strijdompark" title="Strijdompark">Strijdompark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunninghill,_Gauteng" title="Sunninghill, Gauteng">Sunninghill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrella" title="Sunrella">Sunrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Acres" title="Sunset Acres">Sunset Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandia_Grove" title="Vandia Grove">Vandia Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Johannesburg" title="Victoria, Johannesburg">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Park,_Johannesburg" title="Victory Park, Johannesburg">Victory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorna_Valley" title="Vorna Valley">Vorna Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterval_Estate,_Randburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterval Estate, Randburg">Waterval Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverley,_Johannesburg" title="Waverley, Johannesburg">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wierda_Valley" title="Wierda Valley">Wierda Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willaway" title="Willaway">Willaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowild" title="Willowild">Willowild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witkoppen" title="Witkoppen">Witkoppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witpoort" title="Witpoort">Witpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Johannesburg" title="Woodlands, Johannesburg">Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmead" title="Woodmead">Woodmead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynberg,_Gauteng" title="Wynberg, Gauteng">Wynberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandspruit" title="Zandspruit">Zandspruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern<br />suburbs and<br />environs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeroton" title="Aeroton">Aeroton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Manor" title="Alan Manor">Alan Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberton,_South_Africa" title="Alberton, South Africa">Alberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Hills,_Gauteng" title="Aspen Hills, Gauteng">Aspen Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassonia" title="Bassonia">Bassonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booysens_(Johannesburg)" title="Booysens (Johannesburg)">Booysens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisville" title="Chrisville">Chrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Gardens" title="Crown Gardens">Crown Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof" title="Diepkloof">Diepkloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville" title="Dobsonville">Dobsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornkop" title="Doornkop">Doornkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drieziek" title="Drieziek">Drieziek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastcliff,_Johannesburg" title="Eastcliff, Johannesburg">Eastcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elandspark" title="Elandspark">Elandspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Park,_Gauteng" title="Eldorado Park, Gauteng">Eldorado Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron,_Gauteng" title="Electron, Gauteng">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elladoone" title="Elladoone">Elladoone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale,_South_Africa" title="Ennerdale, South Africa">Ennerdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Park" title="Evans Park">Evans Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Forest Hill, Gauteng">Forest Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framton" title="Framton">Framton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillview" title="Gillview">Gillview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanda" title="Glenanda">Glenanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenesk" title="Glenesk">Glenesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenvista" title="Glenvista">Glenvista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddon,_Gauteng" title="Haddon, Gauteng">Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hill,_Gauteng" title="The Hill, Gauteng">The Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South" title="Johannesburg South">Johannesburg South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanana_Park" title="Kanana Park">Kanana Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth,_Johannesburg" title="Kenilworth, Johannesburg">Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibler_Park" title="Kibler Park">Kibler Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg" title="Klipriviersberg">Klipriviersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg_Estate" title="Klipriviersberg Estate">Klipriviersberg Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliptown" title="Kliptown">Kliptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle,_Johannesburg" title="La Rochelle, Johannesburg">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawley,_South_Africa" title="Lawley, South Africa">Lawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liefde_en_Vrede" title="Liefde en Vrede">Liefde en Vrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindberg_Park" title="Lindberg Park">Lindberg Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linmeyer" title="Linmeyer">Linmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Park,_Gauteng" title="Mayfield Park, Gauteng">Mayfield Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands,_Gauteng" title="Meadowlands, Gauteng">Meadowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meredale" title="Meredale">Meredale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffat_View" title="Moffat View">Moffat View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeor" title="Mondeor">Mondeor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulbarton,_Johannesburg" title="Mulbarton, Johannesburg">Mulbarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrec" title="Nasrec">Nasrec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordgesig" title="Noordgesig">Noordgesig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakdene,_Johannesburg" title="Oakdene, Johannesburg">Oakdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophirton" title="Ophirton">Ophirton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Farm" title="Orange Farm">Orange Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto" title="Orlando, Soweto">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde,_Gauteng" title="Ormonde, Gauteng">Ormonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patlynn" title="Patlynn">Patlynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phiri,_Soweto" title="Phiri, Soweto">Phiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protea_Glen" title="Protea Glen">Protea Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Park,_Gauteng" title="Regents Park, Gauteng">Regents Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Park_Estate" title="Regents Park Estate">Regents Park Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven,_Gauteng" title="Reuven, Gauteng">Reuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewlatch" title="Rewlatch">Rewlatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_View" title="Reynolds View">Reynolds View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeway,_Johannesburg" title="Ridgeway, Johannesburg">Ridgeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risana" title="Risana">Risana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rispark" title="Rispark">Rispark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertsham" title="Robertsham">Robertsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseacre,_Gauteng" title="Roseacre, Gauteng">Roseacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosettenville" title="Rosettenville">Rosettenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Claims" title="Salisbury Claims">Salisbury Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selby,_Johannesburg" title="Selby, Johannesburg">Selby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hills,_Gauteng" title="South Hills, Gauteng">South Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southdale,_Johannesburg" title="Southdale, Johannesburg">Southdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfork,_Gauteng" title="Southfork, Gauteng">Southfork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Southgate, Gauteng">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Gauteng" title="Springfield, Gauteng">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Gauteng" title="Stafford, Gauteng">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeledale" title="Steeledale">Steeledale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suideroord" title="Suideroord">Suideroord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta,_Gauteng" title="Theta, Gauteng">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towerby" title="Towerby">Towerby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsview" title="Townsview">Townsview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisa_Park" title="Tulisa Park">Tulisa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_Club,_Gauteng" title="Turf Club, Gauteng">Turf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein" title="Turffontein">Turffontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unigray" title="Unigray">Unigray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Hills" title="Winchester Hills">Winchester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zola,_South_Africa" title="Zola, South Africa">Zola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Rand" title="East Rand">East Rand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bapsfontein" title="Bapsfontein">Bapsfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordview" title="Bedfordview">Bedfordview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni,_South_Africa" title="Benoni, South Africa">Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezuidenhout_Valley" title="Bezuidenhout Valley">Bezuidenhout Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg" title="Boksburg">Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakpan" title="Brakpan">Brakpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruma,_Gauteng" title="Bruma, Gauteng">Bruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrildene" title="Cyrildene">Cyrildene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daveyton" title="Daveyton">Daveyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Park" title="Dawn Park">Dawn Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewetshof" title="Dewetshof">Dewetshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduza" title="Duduza">Duduza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenvale,_South_Africa" title="Edenvale, South Africa">Edenvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elcedes" title="Elcedes">Elcedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsburg" title="Elsburg">Elsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etwatwa" title="Etwatwa">Etwatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmount,_Gauteng" title="Fairmount, Gauteng">Fairmount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gables,_Gauteng" title="The Gables, Gauteng">The Gables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenhazel" title="Glenhazel">Glenhazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenstone_Hill" title="Greenstone Hill">Greenstone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriotdale" title="Heriotdale">Heriotdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isando" title="Isando">Isando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katlehong" title="Katlehong">Katlehong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park,_South_Africa" title="Kempton Park, South Africa">Kempton Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Grove,_Gauteng" title="Allen Grove, Gauteng">Allen Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Manor,_Kempton_Park" title="Aston Manor, Kempton Park">Aston Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Acres" title="Birch Acres">Birch Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchleigh" title="Birchleigh">Birchleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchleigh_North" title="Birchleigh North">Birchleigh North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaero_Park" title="Bonaero Park">Bonaero Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredell,_Kempton_Park" title="Bredell, Kempton Park">Bredell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresslawn" title="Cresslawn">Cresslawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon,_Kempton_Park" title="Croydon, Kempton Park">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edleen" title="Edleen">Edleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Park" title="Esther Park">Esther Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Marais" title="Glen Marais">Glen Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park_West" title="Kempton Park West">Kempton Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Park" title="Nimrod Park">Nimrod Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norkem_Park" title="Norkem Park">Norkem Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona,_Kempton_Park" title="Pomona, Kempton Park">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesfield" title="Rhodesfield">Rhodesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan,_Kempton_Park" title="Spartan, Kempton Park">Spartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terenure,_Kempton_Park" title="Terenure, Kempton Park">Terenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Riebeeck_Park" title="Van Riebeeck Park">Van Riebeeck Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Gauteng" title="Kensington, Gauteng">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaThema" title="KwaThema">KwaThema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside,_Johannesburg" title="Lakeside, Johannesburg">Lakeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langaville" title="Langaville">Langaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy_East" title="Lombardy East">Lombardy East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Gauteng" title="Malvern, Gauteng">Malvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_(East_Rand)" title="Modderfontein (East Rand)">Modderfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_Johannesburg" title="Mountain View, Johannesburg">Mountain View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel,_Gauteng" title="Nigel, Gauteng">Nigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaklands,_Gauteng" title="Oaklands, Gauteng">Oaklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olifantsfontein" title="Olifantsfontein">Olifantsfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percelia_Estate" title="Percelia Estate">Percelia Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose,_South_Africa" title="Primrose, South Africa">Primrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolecon" title="Prolecon">Prolecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raedene_Estate" title="Raedene Estate">Raedene Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiger_Park" title="Reiger Park">Reiger Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham,_Gauteng" title="Sandringham, Gauteng">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spes_Bona" title="Spes Bona">Spes Bona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springs,_South_Africa" title="Springs, South Africa">Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale,_Gauteng" title="Sunningdale, Gauteng">Sunningdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale_Ridge" title="Sunningdale Ridge">Sunningdale Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham,_Johannesburg" title="Sydenham, Johannesburg">Sydenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talboton" title="Talboton">Talboton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thembisa" title="Thembisa">Thembisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thokoza" title="Thokoza">Thokoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakane" title="Tsakane">Tsakane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosloorus" title="Vosloorus">Vosloorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderers_View" title="Wanderers View">Wanderers View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattville" title="Wattville">Wattville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Rand" title="West Rand">West Rand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azaadville" title="Azaadville">Azaadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekkersdal" title="Bekkersdal">Bekkersdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blyvooruitzicht" title="Blyvooruitzicht">Blyvooruitzicht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boikarabelo" title="Boikarabelo">Boikarabelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosmont" title="Bosmont">Bosmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carletonville" title="Carletonville">Carletonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont,_Johannesburg" title="Claremont, Johannesburg">Claremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_Kloof" title="Constantia Kloof">Constantia Kloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronationville,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronationville, Gauteng">Coronationville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver,_Johannesburg" title="Denver, Johannesburg">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driefontein,_Gauteng" title="Driefontein, Gauteng">Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Driefontein" title="East Driefontein">East Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elandsrand" title="Elandsrand">Elandsrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida,_Gauteng" title="Florida, Gauteng">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Glen" title="Florida Glen">Florida Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Hills" title="Florida Hills">Florida Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fochville" title="Fochville">Fochville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekpoort" title="Hekpoort">Hekpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagiso" title="Kagiso">Kagiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khutsong" title="Khutsong">Khutsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindley,_Gauteng" title="Lindley, Gauteng">Lindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliesburg" title="Magaliesburg">Magaliesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohlakeng" title="Mohlakeng">Mohlakeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muldersdrift" title="Muldersdrift">Muldersdrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsieville" title="Munsieville">Munsieville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberholzer" title="Oberholzer">Oberholzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randfontein" title="Randfontein">Randfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rietvallei,_Gauteng" title="Rietvallei, Gauteng">Rietvallei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort" title="Roodepoort">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiatown" title="Sophiatown">Sophiatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venterspos" title="Venterspos">Venterspos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltevredenpark" title="Weltevredenpark">Weltevredenpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welverdiend,_Gauteng" title="Welverdiend, Gauteng">Welverdiend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Driefontein" title="West Driefontein">West Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdene,_Johannesburg" title="Westdene, Johannesburg">Westdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westonaria" title="Westonaria">Westonaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuurbekom" title="Zuurbekom">Zuurbekom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cityscape710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cityscape</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyers_Naud%C3%A9_Square" title="Beyers Naudé Square">Beyers Naudé Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg_Square" title="Fordsburg Square">Fordsburg Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Square" title="Gandhi Square">Gandhi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fitzgerald_Square" title="Mary Fitzgerald Square">Mary Fitzgerald Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_Square" title="Walter Sisulu Square">Walter Sisulu Square</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Street_(Johannesburg)" title="7th Street (Johannesburg)">7th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Street_(Johannesburg)" title="Commissioner Street (Johannesburg)">Commissioner Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munro_Drive" title="Munro Drive">Munro Drive</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyers_Naud%C3%A9_Drive" title="Beyers Naudé Drive">Beyers Naudé Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts_Avenue" title="Jan Smuts Avenue">Jan Smuts Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Botha_Avenue" title="Louis Botha Avenue">Louis Botha Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malibongwe_Drive" title="Malibongwe Drive">Malibongwe Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Routes_in_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Routes in Johannesburg">Metropolitan routes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1_(Johannesburg)" title="M1 (Johannesburg)">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_(Johannesburg)" title="M2 (Johannesburg)">M2</a></li></ul></li> <li>Provincial routes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R21_(South_Africa)" title="R21 (South Africa)">R21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R24_(South_Africa)" title="R24 (South Africa)">R24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R25_(South_Africa)" title="R25 (South Africa)">R25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R29_(South_Africa)" title="R29 (South Africa)">R29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R41_(South_Africa)" title="R41 (South Africa)">R41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R55_(South_Africa)" title="R55 (South Africa)">R55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R82_(South_Africa)" title="R82 (South Africa)">R82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R101_(South_Africa)" title="R101 (South Africa)">R101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R511_(South_Africa)" title="R511 (South Africa)">R511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R512_(South_Africa)" title="R512 (South Africa)">R512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R553_(South_Africa)" title="R553 (South Africa)">R553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R562_(South_Africa)" title="R562 (South Africa)">R562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R564_(South_Africa)" title="R564 (South Africa)">R564</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Ring_Road" title="Johannesburg Ring Road">Johannesburg Ring Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N1_(South_Africa)" title="N1 (South Africa)">N1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N1_Western_Bypass_(Johannesburg)" title="N1 Western Bypass (Johannesburg)">Western Bypass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N3_(South_Africa)" title="N3 (South Africa)">N3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N3_Eastern_Bypass_(Johannesburg)" title="N3 Eastern Bypass (Johannesburg)">Eastern Bypass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N12_(South_Africa)" title="N12 (South Africa)">N12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N12_Southern_Bypass_(Johannesburg)" title="N12 Southern Bypass (Johannesburg)">Southern Bypass</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N17_(South_Africa)" title="N17 (South Africa)">N17</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Johannesburg" title="List of tallest buildings in Johannesburg">Tallest buildings</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Walker" title="Fire Walker">Fire Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg#Flame_of_Democracy" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Flame of Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Mural_by_Shepard_Fairey" title="Nelson Mandela Mural by Shepard Fairey">Nelson Mandela Mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Power_Station" title="Orlando Power Station">Orlando Power Station cooling towers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Statues7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Johannesburg">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg">Nelson Mandela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Hall" title="Johannesburg City Hall">Johannesburg City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Central_Police_Station" title="Johannesburg Central Police Station">Johannesburg Central Police Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Office<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11_Diagonal_Street" title="11 Diagonal Street">11 Diagonal Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Mines_Building" title="Chamber of Mines Building">Chamber of Mines Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_House_(building)" title="Chancellor House (building)">Chancellor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Building" title="Consolidated Building">Consolidated Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_House_(Johannesburg)" title="Corner House (Johannesburg)">Corner House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Lodge" title="Corona Lodge">Corona Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthberts_Building" title="Cuthberts Building">Cuthberts Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskom_Centre" title="Eskom Centre">Eskom Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Trades_Hall" title="Johannesburg Trades Hall">Johannesburg Trades Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_House" title="Kimberley House">Kimberley House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_House" title="Logistics House">Logistics House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_House_(Johannesburg)" title="London House (Johannesburg)">London House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthuli_House" title="Luthuli House">Luthuli House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markham_Building" title="Markham Building">Markham Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megawatt_Park" title="Megawatt Park">Megawatt Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natal_Bank_Building" title="Natal Bank Building">Natal Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Building" title="National Bank Building">National Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_(Johannesburg)" title="Shell House (Johannesburg)">Shell House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank_Building" title="Standard Bank Building">Standard Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_House" title="Victory House">Victory House</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skyscrapers11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skyscrapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absa_Tower" title="Absa Tower">Absa Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Hotel_(Johannesburg)" title="Carlton Hotel (Johannesburg)">Carlton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Square_(Johannesburg)" title="Exchange Square (Johannesburg)">Exchange Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekro_Towers" title="Hekro Towers">Hekro Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Sun_Hotel" title="Johannesburg Sun Hotel">Johannesburg Sun Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kine_Centre" title="Kine Centre">Kine Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leonardo_(Sandton)" title="The Leonardo (Sandton)">The Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Towers" title="Marble Towers">Marble Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariston_Hotel" title="Mariston Hotel">Mariston Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Towers" title="Michelangelo Towers">Michelangelo Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiopark" title="Radiopark">Radiopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlesinger_Building" title="Schlesinger Building">Schlesinger Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Life_Centre" title="Southern Life Centre">Southern Life Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank_Centre" title="Standard Bank Centre">Standard Bank Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Bank_Building" title="Trust Bank Building">Trust Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCS_Building" title="UCS Building">UCS Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residential<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansteys_Building" title="Ansteys Building">Ansteys Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arop_House" title="Arop House">Arop House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Mansions" title="Astor Mansions">Astor Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Royal" title="Beacon Royal">Beacon Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Court,_Johannesburg" title="Circle Court, Johannesburg">Circle Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorkay_House" title="Dorkay House">Dorkay House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Heights" title="Houghton Heights">Houghton Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Mansions,_Johannesburg" title="Kingsway Mansions, Johannesburg">Kingsway Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauriston_Court" title="Lauriston Court">Lauriston Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manners_Mansions" title="Manners Mansions">Manners Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radoma_Court" title="Radoma Court">Radoma Court</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skyscrapers11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skyscrapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/120_End_Street" title="120 End Street">120 End Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highpoint_Hillbrow" title="Highpoint Hillbrow">Highpoint Hillbrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_City" title="Ponte City">Ponte City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tygerberg_building" title="Tygerberg building">Tygerberg Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Tower" title="Brixton Tower">Brixton Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbrow_Tower" title="Hillbrow Tower">Hillbrow Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridge" title="Nelson Mandela Bridge">Nelson Mandela Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayston_Pedestrian_and_Cycle_Bridge" title="Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge">Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban planning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Renewal_Project" title="Alexandra Renewal Project">Alexandra Renewal Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Heritage_Foundation" title="Johannesburg Heritage Foundation">Johannesburg Heritage Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Government710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_South_Africa" title="Courts of South Africa">Courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Constitutional Court of South Africa">Constitutional Court of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Division" title="Gauteng Division">South Gauteng High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Labour Court of South Africa">Labour Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Appeal_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Labour Appeal Court of South Africa">Labour Appeal Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chapter_nine_institutions" title="Chapter nine institutions">Chapter nine institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Gender_Equality" title="Commission for Gender Equality">Commission for Gender Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Cultural,_Religious_and_Linguistic_Communities" title="Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities">CRL Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Human_Rights_Commission" title="South African Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Provincial_Legislature" title="Gauteng Provincial Legislature">Gauteng Provincial Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Gauteng" title="Executive Council of Gauteng">Executive Council of Gauteng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_South_Africa" title="Municipalities of South Africa">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">City of Johannesburg</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Johannesburg" title="Mayor of Johannesburg">Mayor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dada_Morero" title="Dada Morero">Dada Morero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_elections" title="City of Johannesburg elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Johannesburg" title="Flag of Johannesburg">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Johannesburg" title="Coat of arms of Johannesburg">Coat of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality">City of Ekurhuleni</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Ekurhuleni" title="Mayor of Ekurhuleni">Mayor</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nkosindiphile_Xhakaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nkosindiphile Xhakaza (page does not exist)">Nkosindiphile Xhakaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni_elections" title="City of Ekurhuleni elections">Elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rand_District_Municipality" title="West Rand District Municipality">West Rand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merafong_City_Local_Municipality" title="Merafong City Local Municipality">Merafong</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Carletonville" title="Carletonville">Carletonville</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogale_City_Local_Municipality" title="Mogale City Local Municipality">Mogale</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_West_City_Local_Municipality" title="Rand West City Local Municipality">Rand West</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Randfontein" title="Randfontein">Randfontein</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development#Structure" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD Secretariat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">Johannesburg</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality">Ekurhuleni</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rand_District_Municipality" title="West Rand District Municipality">West Rand</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merafong_City_Local_Municipality" title="Merafong City Local Municipality">Merafong</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogale_City_Local_Municipality" title="Mogale City Local Municipality">Mogale</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_Transformation_Movement" title="African Transformation Movement">ATM</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_West_City_Local_Municipality" title="Rand West City Local Municipality">Rand West</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political organisations<br />and parties based in<br />Greater Johannesburg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionSA" title="ActionSA">ActionSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="African Christian Democratic Party">African Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Veterans%27_League" title="African National Congress Veterans' League">Veteran's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Women%27s_League" title="African National Congress Women's League">Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Youth_League" title="African National Congress Youth League">Youth League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Convention" title="African People's Convention">African People's Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agang_South_Africa" title="Agang South Africa">Agang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Organisation" title="Azanian People's Organisation">Azanian People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Capitalist Party of South Africa">Capitalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(South_African_political_party)" title="Congress of the People (South African political party)">Congress of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Party" title="Dagga Party">Dagga Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Communist_Party" title="South African Communist Party">South African Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Workers_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party (South Africa)">Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Socialist_Party" title="Workers and Socialist Party">Workers and Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Congress of South African Trade Unions">COSATU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Food_and_Allied_Democratic_Workers_Union" title="Agricultural Food and Allied Democratic Workers Union">AFADWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical,_Energy,_Paper,_Printing,_Wood_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="Chemical, Energy, Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union">CEPPWAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(South_Africa)" title="Communication Workers Union (South Africa)">CWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education,_Health_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union">NEHAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(South_Africa)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)">NUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Prisons_Civil_Rights_Union" title="Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union">POPCRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Agricultural_Plantation_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union">SAAPAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Commercial,_Catering_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union">SACCAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Nurses%27_Union" title="South African Democratic Nurses' Union">SADNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Teachers_Union" title="South African Democratic Teachers Union">SADTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Football_Players_Union" title="South African Football Players Union">SAFPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Municipal_Workers%27_Union" title="South African Municipal Workers' Union">SAMWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_State_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="South African State and Allied Workers' Union">SASAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SASBO_%E2%80%93_The_Finance_Union" title="SASBO – The Finance Union">SASBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Transport_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Transport and Allied Workers Union">SATAWU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Unions_of_South_Africa" title="Federation of Unions of South Africa">FEDUSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UASA" title="UASA">UASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Trade_Unions" title="National Council of Trade Unions">NACTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="South African Federation of Trade Unions">SAFTU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Metalworkers_of_South_Africa" title="National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa">NUMSA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikanerbond" title="Afrikanerbond">Afrikanerbond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kathrada_Foundation" title="Ahmed Kathrada Foundation">Ahmed Kathrada Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civicus" title="Civicus">Civicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Students" title="Congress of South African Students">COSAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Dagga Couple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthlife_Africa" title="Earthlife Africa">Earthlife Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Market_Foundation" title="Free Market Foundation">Free Market Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Suzman_Foundation" title="Helen Suzman Foundation">Helen Suzman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma_Foundation" title="Jacob Zuma Foundation">Jacob Zuma Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Left_(South_Africa)" title="Keep Left (South Africa)">Keep Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landless_People%27s_Movement" title="Landless People's Movement">Landless People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Undoing_Tax_Abuse" title="Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse">OUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Student_Movement_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Student Movement of Azania">PASMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students_Congress" title="South African Students Congress">SASCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Race_Relations" title="South African Institute of Race Relations">South African Institute of Race Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Zionist_Federation" title="South African Zionist Federation">South African Zionist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Alliance" title="Tripartite Alliance">Tripartite Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabalaza_Anarchist_Communist_Front" title="Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front">Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Johannesburg" title="History of Johannesburg">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Johannesburg" title="Timeline of Johannesburg">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kweneng%27_Ruins" title="Kweneng' Ruins">Kweneng' Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlokwe_Ruins" title="Tlokwe Ruins">Tlokwe Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Revolution" title="Mineral Revolution">Mineral Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_gold_fields" title="Transvaal gold fields">Transvaal gold fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randlord" title="Randlord">Randlords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitlander" title="Uitlander">Uitlanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp#History" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreira's Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fortifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg#Old_Fort_prison_buildings" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Johannesburg Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhouses_of_the_Second_Anglo-Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockhouses of the Second Anglo-Boer War">Blockhouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Boer_War_Memorial_(Johannesburg)" title="Anglo-Boer War Memorial (Johannesburg)">Anglo-Boer War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hani_Memorial" title="Chris Hani Memorial">Chris Hani Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Pieterson_Museum" title="Hector Pieterson Museum">Hector Pieterson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory_Ridge,_Johannesburg" title="Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg">Indian Army Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Horse_War_Memorial" title="Scottish Horse War Memorial">Scottish Horse War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_Square" title="Walter Sisulu Square">Walter Sisulu Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon_Cemetery" title="Avalon Cemetery">Avalon Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliwe_Cemetery" title="Juliwe Cemetery">Juliwe Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpark_Cemetery" title="Westpark Cemetery">Westpark Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_Men%27s_Social_Centre" title="Bantu Men's Social Centre">Bantu Men's Social Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchoff%27s_Building" title="Kirchoff's Building">Kirchoff's Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_Stamp_Mill" title="Langlaagte Stamp Mill">Langlaagte Stamp Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water_Board_Building" title="Rand Water Board Building">Rand Water Board Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Square_(Oriental_Plaza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Square (Oriental Plaza)">Red Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissik_Street_Post_Office" title="Rissik Street Post Office">Rissik Street Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlom_Native_Eating_House" title="Shlom Native Eating House">Shlom Native Eating House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Observatory" title="Union Observatory">Union Observatory</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Houses6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36_Houghton_Drive" title="36 Houghton Drive">36 Houghton Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Webster_House" title="David Webster House">David Webster House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Xuma_house" title="Dr Xuma house">Dr Xuma House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endstead" title="Endstead">Endstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Brunton" title="House Brunton">House Brunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Hains" title="House Hains">House Hains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mpanza_House" title="James Mpanza House">James Mpanza House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholvad_House" title="Kholvad House">Kholvad House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindfield_House" title="Lindfield House">Lindfield House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_House" title="Mandela House">Mandela House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_mansions" title="Parktown mansions">Parktown mansions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Arcadia,_Parktown" title="Villa Arcadia, Parktown">Villa Arcadia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullinger_Kop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullinger Kop">Pullinger Kop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahima_Moosa_House" title="Rahima Moosa House">Rahima Moosa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_House" title="Tutu House">Tutu House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este_(Johannesburg)" title="Villa d'Este (Johannesburg)">Villa d'Este</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />companies and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosasa" title="Bosasa">Bosasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz" title="Deneys Reitz">Deneys Reitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edcon" title="Edcon">Edcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lema_(company)" title="Lema (company)">Lema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmer_and_Jack" title="Simmer and Jack">Simmer and Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBS_Mutual_Bank" title="VBS Mutual Bank">VBS Mutual Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Privatisation_Forum" title="Anti-Privatisation Forum">Anti-Privatisation Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sash" title="Black Sash">Black Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front" title="Democratic Left Front">Democratic Left Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_and_Lesbian_Organization_of_Witwatersrand" title="Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand">Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(South_Africa)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (South Africa)">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe_Military_Veterans%27_Association" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe Military Veterans' Association">MK Military Veterans' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reform_Committee" title="Johannesburg Reform Committee">Reform Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Azania" title="Socialist Party of Azania">Socialist Party of Azania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Native_Labour_Association" title="Witwatersrand Native Labour Association">Witwatersrand Native Labour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Explosion" title="Braamfontein Explosion">Braamfontein explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doornkop" title="Battle of Doornkop">Battle of Doornkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Witpoort" title="Battle of Witpoort">Battle of Witpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Rebellion" title="Rand Rebellion">Rand Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Exhibition,_South_Africa" title="Empire Exhibition, South Africa">Empire Exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Schlesinger_African_Air_Race" title="The Schlesinger African Air Race">Schlesinger African Air Race</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_African_Mine_Workers%27_Union_strike" title="1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike">1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiatown#Forced_removals" title="Sophiatown">Sophiatown forced removals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">Congress of the People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Treason_Trial" title="1956 Treason Trial">Treason Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Alexandra_bus_boycott" title="1957 Alexandra bus boycott">1957 Alexandra bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_in_the_Park_(South_Africa)" title="Concert in the Park (South Africa)">Concert in the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdene_dam_disaster" title="Westdene dam disaster">Westdene dam disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eerste_Alternatiewe_Afrikaanse_Rockkonsert" title="Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert">Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Kempton_Park_World_Trade_Centre" title="Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre">Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium_disaster" title="Ellis Park Stadium disaster">Ellis Park Stadium disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredell_land_occupation" title="Bredell land occupation">Bredell land occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit_2002" title="Earth Summit 2002">World Summit on Sustainable Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Declaration" title="Johannesburg Declaration">Johannesburg Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Soweto_bombings" title="2002 Soweto bombings">2002 Soweto bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma_rape_trial" title="Jacob Zuma rape trial">Jacob Zuma rape trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_8_concert,_Johannesburg" title="Live 8 concert, Johannesburg">Live 8 concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Earth_concert,_Johannesburg" title="Live Earth concert, Johannesburg">Live Earth concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2008" title="Miss World 2008">Miss World 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2009" title="Miss World 2009">Miss World 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_South_Africa#Occupy_Johannesburg" title="Occupy South Africa">Occupy Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Mido_Macia" title="Murder of Mido Macia">Murder of Mido Macia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela">Death and state memorial service of Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_train_crash" title="Johannesburg train crash">2015 train crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeesMustFall" title="FeesMustFall">#FeesMustFall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Esidimeni_scandal" title="Life Esidimeni scandal">Life Esidimeni scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_BRICS_summit" title="10th BRICS summit">10th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zondo_Commission" title="Zondo Commission">Zondo Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Johannesburg_riots" title="2019 Johannesburg riots">2019 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Nathaniel_Julies" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Nathaniel Julies">Shooting of Nathaniel Julies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">Zuma riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Babita_Deokaran" title="Murder of Babita Deokaran">Murder of Babita Deokaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Soweto_shooting" title="2022 Soweto shooting">2022 Soweto shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg_explosion" title="Boksburg explosion">Boksburg explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Boksburg_gas_leak" title="2023 Boksburg gas leak">2023 Boksburg gas leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Johannesburg_building_fire" title="2023 Johannesburg building fire">2023 building fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Culture" title="Johannesburg">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Johannesburg" title="Architecture of Johannesburg">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumboot_dance" title="Gumboot dance">Gumboot dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatlo" title="Spatlo">amaKota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Ballet" title="Joburg Ballet">Joburg Ballet</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra">Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Youth_Orchestra" title="Johannesburg Youth Orchestra">Johannesburg Youth Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_Gospel_Choir" title="Soweto Gospel Choir">Soweto Gospel Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_String_Quartet" title="Soweto String Quartet">Soweto String Quartet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Alexander Theatre (Johannesburg)">Alexander Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Alhambra Theatre (Johannesburg)">Alhambra Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Theatre" title="Joburg Theatre">Johannesburg Civic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Market Theatre (Johannesburg)">Market Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_Theatre_Complex" title="Wits Theatre Complex">Wits Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Events in Johannesburg">Events and festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_fairs_in_South_Africa#Abantu_Book_Festival" title="Book fairs in South Africa">Abantu Book Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounters_Festival_South_Africa" title="Encounters Festival South Africa">Encounters South African International Documentary Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Art_Fair" title="Joburg Art Fair">Joburg Art Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_City_(South_African_festival)" title="In the City (South African festival)">In the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_International_Motor_Show" title="Johannesburg International Motor Show">Johannesburg International Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_parades_in_South_Africa#Johannesburg" title="Pride parades in South Africa">Johannesburg Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_fairs_in_South_Africa#Jozi_Book_Fair" title="Book fairs in South Africa">Jozi Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naledi_Theatre_Awards" title="Naledi Theatre Awards">Naledi Theatre Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_In_Africa_South_African_Gay_and_Lesbian_Film_Festival" title="Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival">Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAMFest" title="RAMFest">RAMFest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Show" title="Rand Show">Rand Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_fairs_in_South_Africa#South_Africa's_Children's_Book_Fair" title="Book fairs in South Africa">South Africa's Children's Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_Stories_International_Christian_Film_Festival" title="Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival">Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_South_Africa" title="Ultra South Africa">Ultra South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and art<br />galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_Museum" title="Apartheid Museum">Apartheid Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg#Museum" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fietas_Museum" title="Fietas Museum">Fietas Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Reef_City" title="Gold Reef City">Gold Reef City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodman_Gallery" title="Goodman Gallery">Goodman Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Pieterson_Museum" title="Hector Pieterson Museum">Hector Pieterson Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_Transport_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hall Transport Museum">James Hall Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Contemporary_Art_Foundation" title="Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation">Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Art_Gallery" title="Johannesburg Art Gallery">Johannesburg Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Holocaust_and_Genocide_Centre" title="Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre">Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">South African Airways Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_House" title="Mandela House">Mandela House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Photo_Workshop" title="Market Photo Workshop">Market Photo Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind#Visitor_centres" title="Cradle of Humankind">Maropeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Museum_of_Military_History" title="South African National Museum of Military History">Military History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuseuMAfricA" title="MuseuMAfricA">Museum Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo:" title="Photo:">Photo:</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Library_and_Museum" title="Workers' Library and Museum">Workers' Museum</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAB_World_of_Beer" title="SAB World of Beer">SAB World of Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Railway_And_Steam_Museum" title="South African National Railway And Steam Museum">South African National Railway And Steam Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs and societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATKV" title="ATKV">Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_Association_of_South_Africa" title="Automobile Association of South Africa">Automobile Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Club_(Johannesburg)" title="Nippon Club (Johannesburg)">Nippon Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Club" title="Rand Club">Rand Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">SAA Museum Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Radio_League" title="South African Radio League">South African Radio League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Vexillological_Association" title="Southern African Vexillological Association">Southern African Vexillological Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Religion in Johannesburg">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Council_of_Churches" title="South African Council of Churches">SACC</a></li> <li>Anglican <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Johannesburg" title="Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg">Diocese of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Highveld" title="Diocese of the Highveld">Diocese of the Highveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Christ_the_King" title="Diocese of Christ the King">Diocese of Christ the King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Catholic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Johannesburg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Johannesburg">Archdiocese of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Da_Gama" title="Knights of Da Gama">Knights of Da Gama</a></li></ul></li> <li>Protestant <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Southern_Africa" title="Baptist Union of Southern Africa">Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbytery_of_Egoli" title="Presbytery of Egoli">Presbytery of Egoli</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Synagogues" title="Union of Orthodox Synagogues">Union of Orthodox Synagogues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Beth_Din" title="Johannesburg Beth Din">Johannesburg Beth Din</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohr_Somayach,_South_Africa" title="Ohr Somayach, South Africa">Ohr Somayach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Union_for_Progressive_Judaism" title="South African Union for Progressive Judaism">SAUPJ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamiatul_Ulama_South_Africa" title="Jamiatul Ulama South Africa">Jamiatul Ulama</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Places_ofworship21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of<br />worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Johannesburg" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Johannesburg">Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s_Cathedral,_Benoni" title="St Dunstan's Cathedral, Benoni">Cathedral Church of Saint Dunstan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Aidan%27s_Anglican_Church,_Johannesburg" title="St Aidan's Anglican Church, Johannesburg">St Aidan's Anglican Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Boniface_Church,_Germiston" title="St Boniface Church, Germiston">St Boniface Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Anglican_Church,_Rosettenville" title="St. Mary's Anglican Church, Rosettenville">St Mary's Anglican Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Anglican_Church,_Weltevreden_Park" title="St. Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church, Weltevreden Park">St Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church,_Troyeville" title="Baptist Church, Troyeville">Troyeville Baptist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Reformed_Church" title="Brixton Reformed Church">Brixton Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church,_Turffontein" title="Congregational Church, Turffontein">Congregational Church, Turffontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg_Reformed_Church" title="Fordsburg Reformed Church">Fordsburg Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_East_Reformed_Church_(NGK)" title="Johannesburg East Reformed Church (NGK)">Johanesburg East Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_North_Reformed_Church_(NGK)" title="Johannesburg North Reformed Church (NGK)">Johannesburg North Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reformed_Church_(NGK)" title="Johannesburg Reformed Church (NGK)">Johannesburg Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reformed_Church_(GKSA)" title="Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)">Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_Reformed_Church" title="Langlaagte Reformed Church">Langlaagte Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_Reformed_Church" title="Linden Reformed Church">Linden Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkhurst_Reformed_Church" title="Parkhurst Reformed Church">Parkhurst Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein_Reformed_Church" title="Turffontein Reformed Church">Turffontein Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_The_King,_Johannesburg" title="Cathedral of Christ The King, Johannesburg">Cathedral of Christ the King</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church,_Braamfontein" title="Holy Trinity Catholic Church, Braamfontein">Holy Trinity Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Mundi_Catholic_Church_(Soweto)" title="Regina Mundi Catholic Church (Soweto)">Regina Mundi Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Maronite28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Cedars" title="Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars">Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek<br />Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Sts._Constantine_and_Helen" title="Cathedral of Sts. Constantine and Helen">Cathedral of Saints Constantine and Helen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter-day<br />Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South_Africa_Temple" title="Johannesburg South Africa Temple">Johannesburg South Africa Temple</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedenskirche_(Hillbrow)" title="Friedenskirche (Hillbrow)">Friedenskirche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synagogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chassidim_Shul" title="Chassidim Shul">Chassidim Shul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornfontein_Synagogue" title="Doornfontein Synagogue">Doornfontein Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Johannesburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Synagogue (Johannesburg)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Shul" title="Oxford Shul">Oxford Shul</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Historical10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_Street_Synagogue" title="President Street Synagogue">President Street Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Emanuel_Progressive_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue">Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Johannesburg)" title="Temple Israel (Johannesburg)">Temple Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerk_Street_Mosque" title="Kerk Street Mosque">Jumah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamiye_Mosque" title="Nizamiye Mosque">Nizamiye Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Kailash_Temple,_Midrand" title="Madhya Kailash Temple, Midrand">Madhya Kailash Shiva Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientology centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Kyalami" title="Castle Kyalami">Castle Kyalami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Mass media in Johannesburg">Media</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Editors%27_Forum" title="South African National Editors' Forum">South African National Editors' Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Music_Rights_Organisation" title="Southern African Music Rights Organisation">Southern African Music Rights Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmaBhungane" title="AmaBhungane">AmaBhungane</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_Communist" title="African Communist">African Communist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drum_(South_African_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum (South African magazine)">Drum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Mail" title="Financial Mail">Financial Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mining_Weekly" title="Mining Weekly">Mining Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Industry_Online" title="Music Industry Online">Music Industry Online</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomad_Africa_Magazine" title="Nomad Africa Magazine">Nomad Africa Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SA_Flyer" title="SA Flyer">SA Flyer</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Arbeider_en_arm_boer" title="Die Arbeider en arm boer">Die Arbeider en Arm Boer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Style_(magazine)" title="Style (magazine)">Style</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_40_Music_Magazine" title="Top 40 Music Magazine">Top 40 Music Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caxton_and_CTP_Publishers_and_Printers#Newspapers" title="Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers">Caxton local newspapers</a> (various)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beeld" title="Beeld">Beeld</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Business_Day_(South_Africa)" title="Business Day (South Africa)">Business Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Citizen_(South_African_newspaper)" title="The Citizen (South African newspaper)">The Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Press_(South_Africa)" title="City Press (South Africa)">City Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Maverick" title="Daily Maverick">Daily Maverick</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Sun_(South_Africa)" title="Daily Sun (South Africa)">Daily Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Report" title="Jewish Report">Jewish Report</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayihlome_News" title="Mayihlome News">Mayihlome News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rapport_(newspaper)" title="Rapport (newspaper)">Rapport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_South_African" title="The South African">The South African</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sowetan" title="The Sowetan">The Sowetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(South_Africa)" title="The Star (South Africa)">The Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Independent_(South_Africa)" title="The Sunday Independent (South Africa)">The Sunday Independent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_(South_Africa)" title="Sunday Times (South Africa)">Sunday Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TimesLIVE" title="TimesLIVE">TimesLIVE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wits_Vuvuzela" title="Wits Vuvuzela">Wits Vuvuzela</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Age_(South_African_newspaper)" title="New Age (South African newspaper)">New Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Age_(South_African_newspaper)" title="The New Age (South African newspaper)">The New Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_(South_African_newspaper)" title="The World (South African newspaper)">The World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5FM" title="5FM">5FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_702" title="Radio 702">702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/947_(radio_station)" title="947 (radio station)">947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArrowLine_Chinese_Radio" title="ArrowLine Chinese Radio">ArrowLine Chinese Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boervolk_Radio" title="Boervolk Radio">Boervolk Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChaiFM" title="ChaiFM">ChaiFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni_FM" title="Ekurhuleni FM">Ekurhuleni FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_1027" title="Hot 1027">Hot 1027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozi_FM" title="Jozi FM">Jozi FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasie_FM_97.1" title="Kasie FM 97.1">Kasie FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaya_FM" title="Kaya FM">Kaya FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_FM" title="Metro FM">Metro FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munghana_Lonene_FM" title="Munghana Lonene FM">Munghana Lonene FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_FM_(South_Africa)" title="Power FM (South Africa)">Power FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_2000" title="Radio 2000">Radio 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Sonder_Grense" title="Radio Sonder Grense">Radio Sonder Grense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_FM_91.9" title="Rock FM 91.9">Rock FM 91.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UJFM" title="UJFM">UJFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YFM" title="YFM">YFM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Africa" title="CNBC Africa">CNBC Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENCA" title="ENCA">eNCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Net" title="M-Net">M-Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_(South_African_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me (South African TV channel)">Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_1" title="SABC 1">SABC 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_2" title="SABC 2">SABC 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_3" title="SABC 3">SABC 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Children" title="SABC Children">SABC Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Education" title="SABC Education">SABC Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_News" title="SABC News">SABC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Sport" title="SABC Sport">SABC Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_TV" title="Soweto TV">Soweto TV</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-Net_Series" title="M-Net Series">M-Net Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_Resource_Unit" title="Film Resource Unit">Film Resource Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizzical_Pictures" title="Quizzical Pictures">Quizzical Pictures</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killarney_Film_Studios" title="Killarney Film Studios">Killarney Film Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambitiouz_Entertainment" title="Ambitiouz Entertainment">Ambitiouz Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCP_Records" title="CCP Records">CCP Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Tree_Records" title="Family Tree Records">Family Tree Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_Record_Company" title="Gallo Record Company">Gallo Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalawa_Jazmee_Records" title="Kalawa Jazmee Records">Kalawa Jazmee Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Games" title="Celestial Games">Celestial Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural references</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egoli:_Place_of_Gold" title="Egoli: Place of Gold">Egoli: Place of Gold</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gimme_Hope_Jo%27anna" title="Gimme Hope Jo'anna">Gimme Hope Jo'anna</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Festival_Overture" title="Johannesburg Festival Overture">Johannesburg Festival Overture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Johannesburg" title="The Real Housewives of Johannesburg">The Real Housewives of Johannesburg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarafina!_(film)" title="Sarafina! (film)">Sarafina!</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soweto_Blues" title="Soweto Blues">Soweto Blues</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Our_Hillbrow" title="Welcome to Our Hillbrow">Welcome to Our Hillbrow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoo_City" title="Zoo City">Zoo City</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Economy" title="Johannesburg">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">Johannesburg Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltX" title="AltX">AltX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Futures_Exchange" title="South African Futures Exchange">Safex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_traded_on_the_JSE" title="List of companies traded on the JSE">companies traded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A2X_Markets" title="A2X Markets">A2X Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenthurst_Foundation" title="Brenthurst Foundation">Brenthurst Foundation</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg545" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template talk:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg545" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies based in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Johannesburg" title="Greater Johannesburg">Greater Johannesburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diversified<br />conglomerates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aveng" title="Aveng">Aveng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barloworld_Limited" title="Barloworld Limited">Barloworld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Group" title="Bidvest Group">Bidvest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_House_(company)" title="Chancellor House (company)">Chancellor House</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Famous_Brands" title="Famous Brands">Famous Brands</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aerolift" title="Aerolift">Aerolift</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airlink_Cargo" title="Airlink Cargo">Cargo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CemAir" title="CemAir">CemAir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Air" title="Egoli Air">Egoli Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air" title="Federal Air">Federal Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Global_Aviation" title="Global Aviation">Global Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Airways_Corporation" title="National Airways Corporation">National Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norse_Air" title="Norse Air">Norse Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoebus_Apollo_Aviation" title="Phoebus Apollo Aviation">Phoebus Apollo Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">SAA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FlySafair" title="FlySafair">FlySafair</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solenta_Aviation" title="Solenta Aviation">Solenta Aviation</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1time" title="1time">1time</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_International_Airways" title="African International Airways">African International Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AirQuarius_Aviation" title="AirQuarius Aviation">AirQuarius Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avia_(airline)" title="Avia (airline)">Avia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Command_Airways_(South_Africa)" title="Command Airways (South Africa)">Command Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Aerospace" title="Executive Aerospace">Executive Aerospace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fly_Blue_Crane" title="Fly Blue Crane">Fly Blue Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Air_Cargo" title="Imperial Air Cargo">Imperial Air Cargo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interair_South_Africa" title="Interair South Africa">Interair South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Airlines" title="Interlink Airlines">Interlink Airlines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kulula.com" title="Kulula.com">kulula.com</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Airlines_(South_Africa)" title="Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)">Nationwide Airlines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rossair_Executive_Air_Charter" title="Rossair Executive Air Charter">Rossair Executive Air Charter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rovos_Air" title="Rovos Air">Rovos Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Skywise_(airline)" title="Skywise (airline)">Skywise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Construction<br />and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Concor" title="Concor">Concor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_%26_Roberts" title="Murray & Roberts">Murray & Roberts</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DLO_Energy_Resources_Group" title="DLO Energy Resources Group">DLO Energy Resources</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_South_Africa" title="Total South Africa">Total South Africa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Absa_Group_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Group Limited">Absa Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Forbes_Group_Holdings" title="Alexander Forbes Group Holdings">Alexforbes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Limited" title="Discovery Limited">Discovery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Group_(South_Africa)" title="Evolution Group (South Africa)">Evolution Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollard_Group" title="Hollard Group">Hollard Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Holdings_Limited" title="Liberty Holdings Limited">Liberty Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livestock_Wealth" title="Livestock Wealth">Livestock Wealth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MiWay_Insurance" title="MiWay Insurance">MiWay Insurance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lesaka_Technologies" title="Lesaka Technologies">Lesaka Technologies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_Mutual" title="Old Mutual">Old Mutual</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">RMB Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Merchant_Investment_Holdings" title="Rand Merchant Investment Holdings">RMI Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/STANLIB" title="STANLIB">STANLIB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venmyn_Rand" class="mw-redirect" title="Venmyn Rand">Venmyn Rand</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Banks5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Absa_Bank_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Bank Limited">Absa Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Access_Bank_South_Africa" title="Access Bank South Africa">Access Bank South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Alliance_Investment_Bank" title="African Alliance Investment Bank">African Alliance Investment Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Bank_Limited" title="African Bank Limited">African Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bank_Zero" title="Bank Zero">Bank Zero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Bank" title="Bidvest Bank">Bidvest Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">DBSA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="First National Bank (South Africa)">First National Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FirstRand" title="FirstRand">FirstRand Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_South_Africa" title="Imperial Bank South Africa">Imperial Bank South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="Mercantile Bank (South Africa)">Mercantile Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nedbank" title="Nedbank">Nedbank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">Rand Merchant Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sasfin_Bank" title="Sasfin Bank">Sasfin Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_South_Africa" title="Standard Chartered South Africa">Stanchart South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank" title="Standard Bank">Standard Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TymeBank" title="TymeBank">TymeBank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ubank" title="Ubank">Ubank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wizzit" title="Wizzit">Wizzit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VBS_Mutual_Bank" title="VBS Mutual Bank">VBS Mutual Bank</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sun_Hotels" title="Southern Sun Hotels">Southern Sun Hotels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sun_International" title="Sun International">Sun International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tsogo_Sun" title="Tsogo Sun">Tsogo Sun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ICT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrihost" title="Afrihost">Afrihost</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BCX_(Business_Connexion_Group)" class="mw-redirect" title="BCX (Business Connexion Group)">BCX</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cell_C" title="Cell C">Cell C</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Datatec" title="Datatec">Datatec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Data" title="Dimension Data">Dimension Data</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EOH_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="EOH Holdings">EOH Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IVeri_Payment_Technologies" title="IVeri Payment Technologies">iVeri Payment Technologies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neotel" title="Neotel">Neotel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OTEL_Telecoms" title="OTEL Telecoms">OTEL Telecoms</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rain_(telecommunications)" title="Rain (telecommunications)">Rain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sybrin" title="Sybrin">Sybrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teraco_Data_Environments" title="Teraco Data Environments">Teraco Data Environments</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vodacom" title="Vodacom">Vodacom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Solutions" title="Internet Solutions">Internet Solutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luma_Arcade" title="Luma Arcade">Luma Arcade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vision_Software" title="Vision Software">Vision Software</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowman_Gilfillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowman Gilfillan">Bowman Gilfillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ENSafrica" title="ENSafrica">ENSafrica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Webber_Wentzel" title="Webber Wentzel">Webber Wentzel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werksmans" title="Werksmans">Werksmans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz_Inc" title="Deneys Reitz Inc">Deneys Reitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adcock_Ingram" title="Adcock Ingram">Adcock Ingram</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AECI" title="AECI">AECI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Explosives" title="African Explosives">African Explosives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/All_Joy_Foods" title="All Joy Foods">All Joy Foods</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bakers_(bakery)" title="Bakers (bakery)">Bakers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clover_Industries" title="Clover Industries">Clover Industries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Engineering_Works" title="French Engineering Works">FEW</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Water_Cooling" title="Industrial Water Cooling">IWC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Trucks_South_Africa" title="Isuzu Trucks South Africa">Isuzu Trucks South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Land_Systems_OMC" title="Land Systems OMC">Land Systems OMC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nampak" title="Nampak">Nampak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Group" title="Paramount Group">Paramount Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PPC_Ltd." title="PPC Ltd.">PPC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Premier_FMCG" title="Premier FMCG">Premier FMCG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Refinery" title="Rand Refinery">Rand Refinery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Group" title="Rembrandt Group">Rembrandt Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sappi" title="Sappi">Sappi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simba_(South_African_company)" title="Simba (South African company)">Simba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SkyReach_Aircraft" title="SkyReach Aircraft">SkyReach Aircraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sling_Aircraft" title="Sling Aircraft">Sling Aircraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Breweries" title="South African Breweries">South African Breweries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Brands" title="Tiger Brands">Tiger Brands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Truvelo_Armoury" title="Truvelo Armoury">Truvelo Armoury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Carriage_%26_Wagon" title="Union Carriage & Wagon">Union Carriage & Wagon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Green_Motors" title="Basil Green Motors">Basil Green Motors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_PowerChutes" title="New PowerChutes">New PowerChutes</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arena_Holdings" title="Arena Holdings">Arena Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caxton_and_CTP_Publishers_and_Printers" title="Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers">Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MultiChoice" title="MultiChoice">MultiChoice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nu_Metro_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu Metro Cinemas">Nu Metro Cinemas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Primedia" title="Primedia">Primedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SABC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/StarSat" title="StarSat">StarSat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ster-Kinekor" title="Ster-Kinekor">Ster-Kinekor</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexkor" title="Alexkor">Alexkor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asa_Resources_Group" title="Asa Resources Group">Asa Resources</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Rainbow_Minerals" title="African Rainbow Minerals">African Rainbow Minerals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti" title="AngloGold Ashanti">AngloGold Ashanti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DRDGOLD_Limited" title="DRDGOLD Limited">DRDGOLD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Rand_Mine" title="East Rand Mine">ERPM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gold_Fields" title="Gold Fields">Gold Fields</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Gold_(mining)" title="Harmony Gold (mining)">Harmony Gold</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impala_Platinum" title="Impala Platinum">Impala Platinum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JCI_Limited" title="JCI Limited">JCI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metorex" title="Metorex">Metorex</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northam_Platinum" title="Northam Platinum">Northam Platinum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sibanye-Stillwater" title="Sibanye-Stillwater">Sibanye-Stillwater</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simmer_and_Jack" title="Simmer and Jack">Simmer and Jack</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and<br />marketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AutoTrader.co.za" title="AutoTrader.co.za">AutoTrader</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidorbuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidorbuy">Bidorbuy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cadac_(South_Africa)" title="Cadac (South Africa)">Cadac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CNA_(bookstore)" title="CNA (bookstore)">CNA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Creative_Counsel" title="The Creative Counsel">The Creative Counsel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dis-Chem" title="Dis-Chem">Dis-Chem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Books" title="Exclusive Books">Exclusive Books</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Automotive_South_Africa" title="Hyundai Automotive South Africa">Hyundai South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incredible_Connection" title="Incredible Connection">Incredible Connection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Massmart" title="Massmart">Massmart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wantitall.co.za" title="Wantitall.co.za">Wantitall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edcon" title="Edcon">Edcon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurant<br />franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chicken_Licken_(restaurant)" title="Chicken Licken (restaurant)">Chicken Licken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debonairs_Pizza" title="Debonairs Pizza">Debonairs Pizza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mugg_%26_Bean" title="Mugg & Bean">Mugg & Bean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nando%27s" title="Nando's">Nando's</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman%27s_Pizza" title="Roman's Pizza">Roman's Pizza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steers_(restaurant)" title="Steers (restaurant)">Steers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wimpy_(restaurant)" title="Wimpy (restaurant)">Wimpy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netcare" title="Netcare">Netcare</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SA_Waste_Holdings" title="SA Waste Holdings">SA Waste Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bosasa" title="Bosasa">Bosasa</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avis_Southern_Africa" title="Avis Southern Africa">Avis Southern Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comazar" title="Comazar">Comazar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PUTCO" title="PUTCO">PUTCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Rail_Group" title="Surtees Rail Group">Surtees Rail Group</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">State-owned<br />enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airports_Company_South_Africa" title="Airports Company South Africa">Airports Company South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denel_Aeronautics" title="Denel Aeronautics">Denel Aeronautics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">Development Bank of Southern Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water" title="Rand Water">Rand Water</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sasol" title="Sasol">Sasol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">Sentech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">South African Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freightdynamics" title="Freightdynamics">Freightdynamics</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lema_(company)" title="Lema (company)">Lema</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Ekurhuleni" title="Category:Companies based in Ekurhuleni">Companies based in Ekurhuleni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Companies based in Johannesburg">Companies based in Johannesburg</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Institute_for_Architecture" title="Gauteng Institute for Architecture">Gauteng Institute for Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Chartered_Accountants" title="South African Institute of Chartered Accountants">South African Institute of Chartered Accountants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Electrical_Engineers" title="South African Institute of Electrical Engineers">South African Institute of Electrical Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Professional_Accountants" title="South African Institute of Professional Accountants">South African Institute of Professional Accountants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Council_South_Africa" title="Minerals Council South Africa">Minerals Council South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Refinery" title="Rand Refinery">Rand Refinery</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mines5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blyvooruitzicht_mine" title="Blyvooruitzicht mine">Blyvooruitzicht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driefontein_mine" title="Driefontein mine">Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rand_Mine" title="East Rand Mine">ERPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDC_mine" title="KDC mine">KDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopanang_mine" title="Kopanang mine">Kopanang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusasalethu_mine" title="Kusasalethu mine">Kusasalethu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintails_mine" title="Mintails mine">Mintails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mponeng_Gold_Mine" title="Mponeng Gold Mine">Mponeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Randfontein_mine" title="Old Randfontein mine">Old Randfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randfontein_mine" title="Randfontein mine">Randfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Deep_mine" title="South Deep mine">South Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TauTona_Mine" title="TauTona Mine">TauTona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wits_mine" title="West Wits mine">West Wits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresta_Shopping_Centre" title="Cresta Shopping Centre">Cresta Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville_Shopping_Centre" title="Dobsonville Shopping Centre">Dobsonville Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastgate_Shopping_Centre,_Johannesburg" title="Eastgate Shopping Centre, Johannesburg">Eastgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourways_Mall" title="Fourways Mall">Fourways Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner_(shopping_centre)" title="Hyde Park Corner (shopping centre)">Hyde Park Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Africa" title="Mall of Africa">Mall of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maponya_Mall" title="Maponya Mall">Maponya Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Square" title="Nelson Mandela Square">Nelson Mandela Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgate_Shopping_Centre,_Johannesburg" title="Northgate Shopping Centre, Johannesburg">Northgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northmead_Square" title="Northmead Square">Northmead Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Square" title="Rivonia Square">Oriental City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Plaza" title="Oriental Plaza">Oriental Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protea_Glen_Mall" title="Protea Glen Mall">Protea Glen Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_City" title="Sandton City">Sandton City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate_Shopping_Centre" title="Southgate Shopping Centre">Southgate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels and resorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Leonardo_(Sandton)" title="The Leonardo (Sandton)">The Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Towers" title="Michelangelo Towers">Michelangelo Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecasino" title="Montecasino">Montecasino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Arena" title="Ellis Park Arena">Ellis Park Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Convention Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants, bars,<br />clubs and cafés</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bassline_(club)" title="The Bassline (club)">The Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Radium_Beerhall" title="The Radium Beerhall">The Radium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Reef_City" title="Gold Reef City">Gold Reef City</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cultural_villages17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ke-Ditselana_Tourism_and_Multi-Cultural_Village" title="Ke-Ditselana Tourism and Multi-Cultural Village">Ke-Ditselana Cultural Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vusamazulu_Credo_Mutwa#Kwa-Khaya_Lendaba_cultural_village" title="Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa">Kwa-Khaya Lendaba Cultural Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesedi_Cultural_Village" title="Lesedi Cultural Village">Lesedi Cultural Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transport710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Johannesburg" title="Transport in Johannesburg">Transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil aviation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Civil_Aviation_Authority" title="South African Civil Aviation Authority">South African Civil Aviation Authority</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Airports34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Airports" title="Johannesburg">Airports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Airport" title="Grand Central Airport">Grand Central Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanseria_International_Airport" title="Lanseria International Airport">Lanseria International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmietfontein_Airport" title="Palmietfontein Airport">Palmietfontein Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Roads" title="Johannesburg">Road transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Department_of_Roads_and_Transport" title="Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport">Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Roads_Agency" title="Johannesburg Roads Agency">Johannesburg Roads Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Routes_in_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Routes in Johannesburg">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_freeways" title="Johannesburg freeways">Freeways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-toll_(South_Africa)" title="E-toll (South Africa)">e-tolling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Bus_and_taxi_transit" title="Johannesburg">Buses and taxis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PUTCO" title="PUTCO">PUTCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Johannesburg" title="Trolleybuses in Johannesburg">Trolleybuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Rail" title="Johannesburg">Rail transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautrain" title="Gautrain">Gautrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrorail_Gauteng" title="Metrorail Gauteng">Metrorail Gauteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg-Durban_High_Speed_Rail" title="Johannesburg-Durban High Speed Rail">Johannesburg–Durban high speed rail</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Johannesburg" title="Trams in Johannesburg">Trams</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Train_stations14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Train stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Park_station" title="Johannesburg Park station">Johannesburg Park Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_(Gautrain_station)" title="Marlboro (Gautrain station)">Marlboro Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand_(Gautrain_station)" title="Midrand (Gautrain station)">Midrand Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesfield_(Gautrain_station)" title="Rhodesfield (Gautrain station)">Rhodesfield Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebank_(Gautrain_station)" title="Rosebank (Gautrain station)">Rosebank Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_(Gautrain_station)" title="Sandton (Gautrain station)">Sandton Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sports710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Sports" title="Johannesburg">Sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports governing<br />bodies based in<br />Greater Johannesburg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sports_Confederation_and_Olympic_Committee" title="South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee">SASCOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_South_Africa" title="Athletics South Africa">Athletics South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_South_Africa" title="Basketball South Africa">Basketball South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowls_South_Africa" title="Bowls South Africa">Bowls South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_South_Africa" title="Cricket South Africa">Cricket South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_Sports_South_Africa" title="Mind Sports South Africa">Mind Sports South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Baseball_Union" title="South African Baseball Union">South African Baseball Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Confederation_of_Cue_Sport" title="South African Confederation of Cue Sport">South African Confederation of Cue Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Equestrian_Federation" title="South African Equestrian Federation">South African Equestrian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Football_Association" title="South African Football Association">South African Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Handball_Federation" title="South African Handball Federation">South African Handball Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Hockey_Association" title="South African Hockey Association">South African Hockey Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Climbing_Federation" title="South African National Climbing Federation">South African National Climbing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sailing" title="South African Sailing">South African Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_South_Africa" title="Squash South Africa">Squash South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_South_Africa" title="Volleyball South Africa">Volleyball South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soccer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlie_F.C." title="Atlie F.C.">Atlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Wits_F.C." title="Bidvest Wits F.C.">Bidvest Wits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Cosmos_F.C." title="Jomo Cosmos F.C.">Jomo Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVW_F.C." title="JVW F.C.">JVW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaizer_Chiefs_F.C." title="Kaizer Chiefs F.C.">Kaizer Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitano_F.C._(South_Africa)" title="Lusitano F.C. (South Africa)">Lusitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_Tigers_F.C." title="M Tigers F.C.">Mahlangu Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroka_Swallows_F.C." title="Moroka Swallows F.C.">Moroka Swallows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Pirates_F.C." title="Orlando Pirates F.C.">Orlando Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg_women%27s_football" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Johannesburg women's football">UJ Ladies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_University_F.C." title="Wits University F.C.">Wits University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yebo_Yes_United_F.C." title="Yebo Yes United F.C.">Yebo Yes United</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_Callies_F.C." title="Germiston Callies F.C.">Germiston Callies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Blackpool" title="Giant Blackpool">Giant Blackpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rugby</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lions" title="Golden Lions">Golden Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions_(United_Rugby_Championship)" title="Lions (United Rugby Championship)">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcons_(rugby_union)" title="Falcons (rugby union)">Falcons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozi_Cats" title="Jozi Cats">Jozi Cats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Gauteng_women%27s_cricket_team" title="Central Gauteng women's cricket team">Central Gauteng Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easterns_(cricket_team)" title="Easterns (cricket team)">Easterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easterns_women%27s_cricket_team" title="Easterns women's cricket team">Easterns Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_(cricket_team)" title="Gauteng (cricket team)">Highveld Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Lions" title="Imperial Lions">Imperial Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Super_Kings" title="Joburg Super Kings">Joburg Super Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(cricket_team)" title="Titans (cricket team)">Titans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basketball</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Magic" title="Egoli Magic">Egoli Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozi_Nuggets" title="Jozi Nuggets">Jozi Nuggets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_Panthers" title="Soweto Panthers">Soweto Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg_men%27s_basketball" title="University of Johannesburg men's basketball">UJ men's basketball team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equestrian sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Horseracing_Authority" title="National Horseracing Authority">National Horseracing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Lipizzaners" title="South African Lipizzaners">South African Lipizzaners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_South_Africa_vs_New_Zealand_rugby_union_match" title="1992 South Africa vs New Zealand rugby union match">1992 Return Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1995 Rugby World Cup">1995 Rugby World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup_final" title="1995 Rugby World Cup final">Final</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2003 Cricket World Cup">2003 Cricket World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup_final" title="2003 Cricket World Cup final">Final</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="2010 FIFA World Cup final">Final</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Open" title="Joburg Open">Joburg Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Ladies_Open" title="Joburg Ladies Open">Joburg Ladies Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Derby" title="South African Derby">South African Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_PGA_Championship" title="South African PGA Championship">South African PGA Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_derby" title="Soweto derby">Soweto Derby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadia and<br />arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Stadium_(South_Africa)" title="Alexandra Stadium (South Africa)">Alexandra Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Block_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Block Park">Arthur Block Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_Stadium" title="Barnard Stadium">Barnard Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Stadium" title="Bidvest Stadium">Bidvest Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosman_Stadium" title="Bosman Stadium">Bosman Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Payne_Stadium" title="Cecil Payne Stadium">Cecil Payne Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville_Stadium" title="Dobsonville Stadium">Dobsonville Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Arena" title="Ellis Park Arena">Ellis Park Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium" title="Ellis Park Stadium">Ellis Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_Stadium" title="Germiston Stadium">Germiston Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntersfield_Stadium" title="Huntersfield Stadium">Huntersfield Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Stadium" title="Johannesburg Stadium">Johannesburg Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaThema_Stadium" title="KwaThema Stadium">KwaThema Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia_Stadium" title="Lenasia Stadium">Lenasia Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhulong_Stadium" title="Makhulong Stadium">Makhulong Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehlareng_Stadium" title="Mehlareng Stadium">Mehlareng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_Stadium" title="Modderfontein Stadium">Modderfontein Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohlakeng_Stadium" title="Mohlakeng Stadium">Mohlakeng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Stadium" title="Orlando Stadium">Orlando Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potgietersrus_Rugby_Stadium" title="Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium">Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabie_Ridge_Stadium" title="Rabie Ridge Stadium">Rabie Ridge Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Stadium" title="Rand Stadium">Rand Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg_Hockey_Stadium" title="Randburg Hockey Stadium">Randburg Hockey Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruimsig_Stadium" title="Ruimsig Stadium">Ruimsig Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinaba_Stadium" title="Sinaba Stadium">Sinaba Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNB_Stadium" title="FNB Stadium">Soccer City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_Cricket_Oval" title="Soweto Cricket Oval">Soweto Cricket Oval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UJ_Stadium" title="UJ Stadium">UJ Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Stadium" title="Union Stadium">Union Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderers_Stadium" title="Wanderers Stadium">Wanderers Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowmoore_Park" title="Willowmoore Park">Willowmoore Park Stadium</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Wanderers" title="Old Wanderers">Old Wanderers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAM_Brink_Stadium" title="PAM Brink Stadium">PAM Brink Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeBuyCars_Dome" title="WeBuyCars Dome">WeBuyCars Dome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Golf courses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glendower_Golf_Club" title="Glendower Golf Club">Glendower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark_Golf_Club" title="Randpark Golf Club">Randpark Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Johannesburg_%26_Kensington_Golf_Club" title="Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club">Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equestrian<br />venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein_Racecourse" title="Turffontein Racecourse">Turffontein Racecourse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsports<br />venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami" title="Kyalami">Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education_and_research710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Education" title="Johannesburg">Education and research</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Department_of_Education" title="Gauteng Department of Education">GDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_%26_Individual_Development_Association" title="Community & Individual Development Association">CIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Tertiary_Institutions_of_the_Northern_Metropolis" title="Foundation of Tertiary Institutions of the Northern Metropolis">FOTIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_South_Africa" title="Geological Society of South Africa">Geological Society of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Institute_for_Development_Studies" title="Mandela Institute for Development Studies">Mandela Institute for Development Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Audience_Research_Foundation" title="South African Audience Research Foundation">SAARF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Heritage_Science_and_Conservation" title="South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation">South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Sponsorship_Programme_South_Africa" title="Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa">Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Children%27s_Library" title="Alexandra Children's Library">Alexandra Children's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenthurst_Library" title="Brenthurst Library">Brenthurst Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Club#Library" title="Rand Club">Buckland Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Library" title="Johannesburg City Library">Johannesburg Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_East_Public_Library" title="Orlando East Public Library">Orlando East Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg_Library" title="Randburg Library">Randburg Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Libraries,_collections_and_museums" title="University of Johannesburg">UJ Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Libraries" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Wits University Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study">Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UJFM" title="UJFM">UJFM</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunting_Road_Campus_Auckland_Park" title="Bunting Road Campus Auckland Park">APB Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Campus_Auckland_Park" title="Kingsway Campus Auckland Park">APK Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Doornfontein" title="University of Johannesburg">Doornfontein Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Soweto" title="University of Johannesburg">Soweto Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Art,_Design_and_Architecture" title="University of Johannesburg">Art, Design and Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#College_of_Business_and_Economics" title="University of Johannesburg">Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Education" title="University of Johannesburg">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Engineering_and_the_Built_Environment" title="University of Johannesburg">Engineering and the Built Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Health_Sciences" title="University of Johannesburg">Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Humanities" title="University of Johannesburg">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Law" title="University of Johannesburg">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Science" title="University of Johannesburg">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campuses_of_the_University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="Campuses of the University of the Witwatersrand">Campuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_Studies_Institute" title="Evolutionary Studies Institute">Evolutionary Studies Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Change_Institute" title="Global Change Institute">Global Change Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Mining_Water_Research_Unit" title="Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit">Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Planetarium" title="Johannesburg Planetarium">Johannesburg Planetarium</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Papers" title="Philosophical Papers">Philosophical Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_Theatre_Complex" title="Wits Theatre Complex">Wits Theatre Complex</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wits_Vuvuzela" title="Wits Vuvuzela">Wits Vuvuzela</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Faculties9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Commerce,_Law,_and_Management" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Commerce, Law and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Engineering_and_the_Built_Environment" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Engineering and the Built Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Architecture_%26_Planning" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Witwatersrand School of Architecture & Planning">School of Architecture and Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Chemical_and_Metallurgical_Engineering" title="University of the Witwatersrand School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering">School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Civil_and_Environmental_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Witwatersrand School of Civil and Environmental Engineering">School of Civil and Environmental Engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Health_Sciences" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Humanities" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Science" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIDA_City_Campus" title="CIDA City Campus">CIDA City Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIE_MSA" title="IIE MSA">IIE MSA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other tertiary<br />institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/AFDA,_The_School_for_the_Creative_Economy" title="AFDA, The School for the Creative Economy">AFDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Johannesburg_College" title="Central Johannesburg College">Central Johannesburg College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityVarsity" title="CityVarsity">CityVarsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damelin" title="Damelin">Damelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damelin_Correspondence_College" title="Damelin Correspondence College">Damelin Correspondence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscape_Design_College" title="Inscape Design College">Inscape Design College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_College" title="Lyceum College">Lyceum College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand_Graduate_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrand Graduate Institute">Midrand Graduate Institute</a></li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Institute_of_Business_Science" title="Gordon Institute of Business Science">Gordon Institute of Business Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMM_Graduate_School" title="IMM Graduate School">IMM Graduate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Institute_of_Education" title="The Independent Institute of Education">Independent Institute of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark_Education" title="Milpark Education">Milpark Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenesys_Business_School" title="Regenesys Business School">Regenesys Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park_Theological_Seminary" title="Auckland Park Theological Seminary">Auckland Park Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Theological_College_of_Southern_Africa" title="Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa">Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel_Bet_Mordechai" title="Kollel Bet Mordechai">Kollel Bet Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel_Yad_Shaul" title="Kollel Yad Shaul">Kollel Yad Shaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubavitch_Yeshiva_Gedolah_of_Johannesburg" title="Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah of Johannesburg">Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine_College_of_South_Africa" title="St Augustine College of South Africa">St Augustine College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Theological_Seminary" title="South African Theological Seminary">South African Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivah_Gedolah_of_Johannesburg" title="Yeshivah Gedolah of Johannesburg">Yeshiva Gedolah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Alberton" title="Hoërskool Alberton">Hoërskool Alberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Glen_High_School" title="Allen Glen High School">Allen Glen High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlone_Boys%27_High_School" title="Athlone Boys' High School">Athlone Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnato_Park_High_School" title="Barnato Park High School">Barnato Park High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg_High_School" title="Boksburg High School">Boksburg High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopasenatla_Secondary_School" title="Bopasenatla Secondary School">Bopasenatla Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_High_School" title="Bryanston High School">Bryanston High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Dinamika" title="Hoërskool Dinamika">Hoërskool Dinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Florida" title="Hoërskool Florida">Hoërskool Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glen_High_School" title="The Glen High School">The Glen High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_High_School" title="Germiston High School">Germiston High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenside_High_School" title="Greenside High School">Greenside High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_High_School_(South_Africa)" title="Hyde Park High School (South Africa)">Hyde Park High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppe_High_School_for_Boys" title="Jeppe High School for Boys">Jeppe High School for Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppe_High_School_for_Girls" title="Jeppe High School for Girls">Jeppe High School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII_School,_Johannesburg" title="King Edward VII School, Johannesburg">King Edward VII School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Marais_Viljoen" title="Hoërskool Marais Viljoen">Hoërskool Marais Viljoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Secondary_School" title="Meadowlands Secondary School">Meadowlands Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moletsane_High_School" title="Moletsane High School">Moletsane High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Monument" title="Hoërskool Monument">Hoërskool Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Isaacson_High_School" title="Morris Isaacson High School">Morris Isaacson High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naledi_High_School" title="Naledi High School">Naledi High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northcliff_High_School" title="Northcliff High School">Northcliff High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchards_Primary_School" title="Orchards Primary School">Orchards Primary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_Boys%27_High_School" title="Parktown Boys' High School">Parktown Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkview_Senior_Primary_School" title="Parkview Senior Primary School">Parkview Senior Primary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandown_High_School,_Johannesburg" title="Sandown High School, Johannesburg">Sandown High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_High_School,_Johannesburg" title="Sandringham High School, Johannesburg">Sandringham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Adamson_High_School" title="Sir John Adamson High School">Sir John Adamson High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springs_Boys%27_High_School" title="Springs Boys' High School">Springs Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutolore_Secondary_School" title="Thutolore Secondary School">Thutolore Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Voortrekker_(Boksburg)" title="Hoërskool Voortrekker (Boksburg)">Hoërskool Voortrekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverley_Girls%27_High_School" title="Waverley Girls' High School">Waverley Girls' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury_Secondary_School" title="Westbury Secondary School">Westbury Secondary School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashton_International_College" title="Ashton International College">Ashton International College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park_Academy_of_Excellence" title="Auckland Park Academy of Excellence">Auckland Park Academy of Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Private_School" title="Aurora Private School">Aurora Private School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_College_(South_Africa)" title="Charter College (South Africa)">Charter College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_College,_Lonehill" title="Crawford College, Lonehill">Crawford College, Lonehill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_College,_Sandton" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford College, Sandton">Crawford College, Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helpmekaar_Kollege" title="Helpmekaar Kollege">Helpmekaar Kollege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_Convent" title="Parktown Convent">Holy Family College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japari_School" title="Japari School">Japari School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Muslim_School" title="Johannesburg Muslim School">Johannesburg Muslim School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_David_Schools,_Johannesburg" title="King David Schools, Johannesburg">King David Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmead_College" title="Kingsmead College">Kingsmead College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia_Muslim_School" title="Lenasia Muslim School">Lenasia Muslim School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers_Linmeyer" title="Marist Brothers Linmeyer">Marist Brothers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhill_School_(Johannesburg)" title="Redhill School (Johannesburg)">Redhill School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ridge_School" title="The Ridge School">The Ridge School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roedean_School_(South_Africa)" title="Roedean School (South Africa)">Roedean School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College,_Johannesburg" title="Sacred Heart College, Johannesburg">Sacred Heart College</a></li> <li>St Andrew's School for Girls</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Barnabas_College_(Johannesburg)" title="St Barnabas College (Johannesburg)">St Barnabas College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Benedict%27s_College,_Bedfordview" title="St Benedict's College, Bedfordview">St Benedict's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_School,_Germiston" title="St Catherine's School, Germiston">St Catherine's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Marist,_Inanda" title="St David's Marist, Inanda">St David's Marist College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Catholic_School_for_Girls,_Boksburg" title="St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg">St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s_College_(South_Africa)" title="St. Dunstan's College (South Africa)">St Dunstan's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College_(Johannesburg)" title="St John's College (Johannesburg)">St John's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_School_(Rosettenville)" title="St. Martin's School (Rosettenville)">St Martin's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_School,_Waverley" title="St Mary's School, Waverley">St Mary's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_College,_Johannesburg" title="St Peter's College, Johannesburg">St Peter's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stithians_College" title="St Stithians College">St Stithians College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Academy_School,_Johannesburg" title="Torah Academy School, Johannesburg">Torah Academy School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_College_of_South_Africa" title="Yeshiva College of South Africa">Yeshiva College of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Maharsha_Beis_Aharon" title="Yeshiva Maharsha Beis Aharon">Yeshiva Maharsha Beis Aharon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Leadership_Academy" title="African Leadership Academy">African Leadership Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branson_School_of_Entrepreneurship" title="Branson School of Entrepreneurship">Branson School of Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanya_College" title="Khanya College">Khanya College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mount_Waldorf_School" title="Michael Mount Waldorf School">Michael Mount Waldorf School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_International_School_of_Johannesburg" title="American International School of Johannesburg">American International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Internationale_Schule_Johannesburg" title="Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg">Deutsche Internationale Schule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Johannesburg" title="Japanese School of Johannesburg">Japanese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Jules_Verne_(South_Africa)" title="Lycée Jules Verne (South Africa)">Lycée Jules Verne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Services710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Services</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Parks_and_Zoo" title="Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo">Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Maxeke_Johannesburg_Academic_Hospital" title="Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital">Charlotte Maxeke Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital" title="Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital">Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Joseph_Hospital" title="Helen Joseph Hospital">Helen Joseph Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leratong_Hospital" title="Leratong Hospital">Leratong Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark_Hospital" title="Milpark Hospital">Milpark Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital">Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholosong_Hospital" title="Pholosong Hospital">Pholosong Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahima_Moosa_Mother_and_Child_Hospital" title="Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital">Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_Memorial_Hospital" title="Tambo Memorial Hospital">Tambo Memorial Hospital</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Historical10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Military_Hospital,_Baragwanath" title="Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath">Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Hospital_(Johannesburg)" title="Queen Victoria Hospital (Johannesburg)">Queen Victoria Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Memorial_Hospital_for_Children" title="Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children">Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water supply<br />and sanitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water" title="Rand Water">Rand Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Highlands_Water_Project" title="Lesotho Highlands Water Project">Lesotho Highlands Water Project</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaal_Dam" title="Vaal Dam">Vaal Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaal_Barrage" title="Vaal Barrage">Vaal Barrage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water towers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Water_Tower_Midrand" title="Grand Central Water Tower Midrand">Grand Central Water Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoville_Water_Tower" title="Yeoville Water Tower">Yeoville Water Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electricity supply</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Power" title="City Power">City Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Power_Station" title="Kelvin Power Station">Kelvin Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibo_Gauteng_Thermal_Power_Station" title="Kibo Gauteng Thermal Power Station">Kibo Gauteng Thermal Power Station</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct_power_stations22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct power stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Power_Station" title="Orlando Power Station">Orlando Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Street_Power_Station,_Johannesburg" title="President Street Power Station, Johannesburg">President Street Power Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law enforcement and<br />emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Central_Police_Station" title="Johannesburg Central Police Station">Johannesburg Central Police Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Police_(South_Africa)" title="Municipal Police (South Africa)">Metro Police departments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_Johannesburg_Emergency_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of Johannesburg Emergency Services (page does not exist)">Johannesburg Emergency Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berea_Fire_Station" title="Berea Fire Station">Berea Fire Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_Ekurhuleni_Disaster_and_Emergency_Management_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of Ekurhuleni Disaster and Emergency Management Services (page does not exist)">Ekurhuleni Disaster & Emergency Management Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charities and NGOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionAid" title="ActionAid">ActionAid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa%27s_Young_Entrepreneurs" title="Africa's Young Entrepreneurs">Africa's Young Entrepreneurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Parks" title="African Parks">African Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigshoes_Foundation" title="Bigshoes Foundation">Bigshoes Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Sizanani" title="Camp Sizanani">Camp Sizanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Fire_International" title="Children of Fire International">Children of Fire International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Water_Foundation" title="Global Water Foundation">Global Water Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveLife_South_Africa" title="LoveLife South Africa">LoveLife South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Fund" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Fund">Nelson Mandela Children's Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_Ending_Gardens" title="Never Ending Gardens">Never Ending Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkosi%27s_Haven" title="Nkosi's Haven">Nkosi's Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POLAF" title="POLAF">POLAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Against_Rape" title="Woman Against Rape">Woman Against Rape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_units_and_formations710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military units and formations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Army" title="South African Army">Army</a> units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/46_South_African_Brigade" title="46 South African Brigade">46 South African Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_South_African_Infantry_Battalion" title="21 South African Infantry Battalion">21 South African Infantry Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_Engineer_Support_Regiment" title="35 Engineer Support Regiment">35 Engineer Support Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment" title="Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment">Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserve</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mlangeni_Regiment" title="Andrew Mlangeni Regiment">Andrew Mlangeni Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rifles" title="Bambatha Rifles">Bambatha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Light_Horse_Regiment" title="Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment">Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Regiment" title="Johannesburg Regiment">Johannesburg Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenong_Regiment" title="Lenong Regiment">Lenong Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR_Tambo_Regiment" title="OR Tambo Regiment">OR Tambo Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Light_Infantry" title="Rand Light Infantry">Rand Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandfontein_Artillery_Regiment" title="Sandfontein Artillery Regiment">Sandfontein Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Mahlangu_Regiment" title="Solomon Mahlangu Regiment">Solomon Mahlangu Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWombe_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment" title="IWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment">iWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Military_Health_Service" title="South African Military Health Service">SAMHS</a> units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_Medical_Battalion_Group" title="6 Medical Battalion Group">6 Medical Battalion Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Army36" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Command" title="Witwatersrand Command">Witwatersrand Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SA_Army_Troop_Information_Unit" title="SA Army Troop Information Unit">SA Army Troop Information Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Locating_Regiment" title="2 Locating Regiment">2 Locating Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armoured_Personnel_Carrier_Squadron" title="3rd Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron">3 Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_South_African_Infantry_Division" title="7 South African Infantry Division">7 South African Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Reception_Depot" title="15 Reception Depot">15 Reception Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72_Motorised_Brigade_(South_Africa)" title="72 Motorised Brigade (South Africa)">72 Motorised Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73_Motorised_Brigade_(South_Africa)" title="73 Motorised Brigade (South Africa)">73 Motorised Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiment_University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="Regiment University of the Witwatersrand">Regiment University of the Witwatersrand</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commando_System_(South_Africa)" title="Commando System (South Africa)">Commandos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberton_Commando" title="Alberton Commando">Alberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Commando" title="Atlas Commando">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Commando" title="Benoni Commando">Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg_Commando" title="Boksburg Commando">Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakpan_Commando" title="Brakpan Commando">Brakpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenvale_Commando" title="Edenvale Commando">Edenvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Park_Commando" title="East Park Commando">East Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_Commando" title="Germiston Commando">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_East_Commando" title="Johannesburg East Commando">Johannesburg East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_West_Commando" title="Johannesburg West Commando">Johannesburg West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park_Commando" title="Kempton Park Commando">Kempton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp_Commando" title="Krugersdorp Commando">Krugersdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_Commando" title="Modderfontein Commando">Modderfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Commando" title="Nigel Commando">Nigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg_Commando" title="Randburg Commando">Randburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort_Commando" title="Roodepoort Commando">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_Commando" title="Sandton Commando">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springs_Commando" title="Springs Commando">Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmerpan_Commando" title="Wemmerpan Commando">Wemmerpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Park_Commando" title="West Park Commando">West Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rand_Commando" title="West Rand Commando">West Rand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Special_Forces" title="South African Special Forces">Special Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Group" title="Hunter Group">Hunter Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">SAAF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4_Squadron_SAAF" title="4 Squadron SAAF">4 Squadron SAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Squadron_SAAF" title="10 Squadron SAAF">10 Squadron SAAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Category:Greater Johannesburg">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Johannesburg" title="Category:Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg545" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template talk:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg545" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies based in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Johannesburg" title="Greater Johannesburg">Greater Johannesburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diversified<br />conglomerates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aveng" title="Aveng">Aveng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barloworld_Limited" title="Barloworld Limited">Barloworld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Group" title="Bidvest Group">Bidvest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_House_(company)" title="Chancellor House (company)">Chancellor House</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Famous_Brands" title="Famous Brands">Famous Brands</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aerolift" title="Aerolift">Aerolift</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airlink_Cargo" title="Airlink Cargo">Cargo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CemAir" title="CemAir">CemAir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Air" title="Egoli Air">Egoli Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air" title="Federal Air">Federal Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Global_Aviation" title="Global Aviation">Global Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Airways_Corporation" title="National Airways Corporation">National Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norse_Air" title="Norse Air">Norse Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoebus_Apollo_Aviation" title="Phoebus Apollo Aviation">Phoebus Apollo Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">SAA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FlySafair" title="FlySafair">FlySafair</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solenta_Aviation" title="Solenta Aviation">Solenta Aviation</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1time" title="1time">1time</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_International_Airways" title="African International Airways">African International Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AirQuarius_Aviation" title="AirQuarius Aviation">AirQuarius Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avia_(airline)" title="Avia (airline)">Avia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Command_Airways_(South_Africa)" title="Command Airways (South Africa)">Command Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Aerospace" title="Executive Aerospace">Executive Aerospace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fly_Blue_Crane" title="Fly Blue Crane">Fly Blue Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Air_Cargo" title="Imperial Air Cargo">Imperial Air Cargo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interair_South_Africa" title="Interair South Africa">Interair South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Airlines" title="Interlink Airlines">Interlink Airlines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kulula.com" title="Kulula.com">kulula.com</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Airlines_(South_Africa)" title="Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)">Nationwide Airlines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rossair_Executive_Air_Charter" title="Rossair Executive Air Charter">Rossair Executive Air Charter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rovos_Air" title="Rovos Air">Rovos Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Skywise_(airline)" title="Skywise (airline)">Skywise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Construction<br />and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Concor" title="Concor">Concor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_%26_Roberts" title="Murray & Roberts">Murray & Roberts</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DLO_Energy_Resources_Group" title="DLO Energy Resources Group">DLO Energy Resources</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_South_Africa" title="Total South Africa">Total South Africa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Absa_Group_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Group Limited">Absa Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Forbes_Group_Holdings" title="Alexander Forbes Group Holdings">Alexforbes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Limited" title="Discovery Limited">Discovery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Group_(South_Africa)" title="Evolution Group (South Africa)">Evolution Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollard_Group" title="Hollard Group">Hollard Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Holdings_Limited" title="Liberty Holdings Limited">Liberty Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livestock_Wealth" title="Livestock Wealth">Livestock Wealth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MiWay_Insurance" title="MiWay Insurance">MiWay Insurance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lesaka_Technologies" title="Lesaka Technologies">Lesaka Technologies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_Mutual" title="Old Mutual">Old Mutual</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">RMB Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Merchant_Investment_Holdings" title="Rand Merchant Investment Holdings">RMI Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/STANLIB" title="STANLIB">STANLIB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venmyn_Rand" class="mw-redirect" title="Venmyn Rand">Venmyn Rand</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Banks5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Absa_Bank_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Bank Limited">Absa Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Access_Bank_South_Africa" title="Access Bank South Africa">Access Bank South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Alliance_Investment_Bank" title="African Alliance Investment Bank">African Alliance Investment Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Bank_Limited" title="African Bank Limited">African Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bank_Zero" title="Bank Zero">Bank Zero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Bank" title="Bidvest Bank">Bidvest Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">DBSA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="First National Bank (South Africa)">First National Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FirstRand" title="FirstRand">FirstRand Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_South_Africa" title="Imperial Bank South Africa">Imperial Bank South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="Mercantile Bank (South Africa)">Mercantile Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nedbank" title="Nedbank">Nedbank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">Rand Merchant Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sasfin_Bank" title="Sasfin Bank">Sasfin Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_South_Africa" title="Standard Chartered South Africa">Stanchart South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank" title="Standard Bank">Standard Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TymeBank" title="TymeBank">TymeBank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ubank" title="Ubank">Ubank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wizzit" title="Wizzit">Wizzit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VBS_Mutual_Bank" title="VBS Mutual Bank">VBS Mutual Bank</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sun_Hotels" title="Southern Sun Hotels">Southern Sun Hotels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sun_International" title="Sun International">Sun International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tsogo_Sun" title="Tsogo Sun">Tsogo Sun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ICT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrihost" title="Afrihost">Afrihost</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BCX_(Business_Connexion_Group)" class="mw-redirect" title="BCX (Business Connexion Group)">BCX</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cell_C" title="Cell C">Cell C</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Datatec" title="Datatec">Datatec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Data" title="Dimension Data">Dimension Data</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EOH_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="EOH Holdings">EOH Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IVeri_Payment_Technologies" title="IVeri Payment Technologies">iVeri Payment Technologies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neotel" title="Neotel">Neotel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OTEL_Telecoms" title="OTEL Telecoms">OTEL Telecoms</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rain_(telecommunications)" title="Rain (telecommunications)">Rain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sybrin" title="Sybrin">Sybrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teraco_Data_Environments" title="Teraco Data Environments">Teraco Data Environments</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vodacom" title="Vodacom">Vodacom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Solutions" title="Internet Solutions">Internet Solutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luma_Arcade" title="Luma Arcade">Luma Arcade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vision_Software" title="Vision Software">Vision Software</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowman_Gilfillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowman Gilfillan">Bowman Gilfillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ENSafrica" title="ENSafrica">ENSafrica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Webber_Wentzel" title="Webber Wentzel">Webber Wentzel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werksmans" title="Werksmans">Werksmans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz_Inc" title="Deneys Reitz Inc">Deneys Reitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adcock_Ingram" title="Adcock Ingram">Adcock Ingram</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AECI" title="AECI">AECI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Explosives" title="African Explosives">African Explosives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/All_Joy_Foods" title="All Joy Foods">All Joy Foods</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bakers_(bakery)" title="Bakers (bakery)">Bakers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clover_Industries" title="Clover Industries">Clover Industries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Engineering_Works" title="French Engineering Works">FEW</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Water_Cooling" title="Industrial Water Cooling">IWC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Trucks_South_Africa" title="Isuzu Trucks South Africa">Isuzu Trucks South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Land_Systems_OMC" title="Land Systems OMC">Land Systems OMC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nampak" title="Nampak">Nampak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Group" title="Paramount Group">Paramount Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PPC_Ltd." title="PPC Ltd.">PPC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Premier_FMCG" title="Premier FMCG">Premier FMCG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Refinery" title="Rand Refinery">Rand Refinery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Group" title="Rembrandt Group">Rembrandt Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sappi" title="Sappi">Sappi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simba_(South_African_company)" title="Simba (South African company)">Simba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SkyReach_Aircraft" title="SkyReach Aircraft">SkyReach Aircraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sling_Aircraft" title="Sling Aircraft">Sling Aircraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Breweries" title="South African Breweries">South African Breweries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Brands" title="Tiger Brands">Tiger Brands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Truvelo_Armoury" title="Truvelo Armoury">Truvelo Armoury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Carriage_%26_Wagon" title="Union Carriage & Wagon">Union Carriage & Wagon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Green_Motors" title="Basil Green Motors">Basil Green Motors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_PowerChutes" title="New PowerChutes">New PowerChutes</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arena_Holdings" title="Arena Holdings">Arena Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caxton_and_CTP_Publishers_and_Printers" title="Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers">Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MultiChoice" title="MultiChoice">MultiChoice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nu_Metro_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu Metro Cinemas">Nu Metro Cinemas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Primedia" title="Primedia">Primedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SABC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/StarSat" title="StarSat">StarSat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ster-Kinekor" title="Ster-Kinekor">Ster-Kinekor</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexkor" title="Alexkor">Alexkor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asa_Resources_Group" title="Asa Resources Group">Asa Resources</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Rainbow_Minerals" title="African Rainbow Minerals">African Rainbow Minerals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti" title="AngloGold Ashanti">AngloGold Ashanti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DRDGOLD_Limited" title="DRDGOLD Limited">DRDGOLD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Rand_Mine" title="East Rand Mine">ERPM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gold_Fields" title="Gold Fields">Gold Fields</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Gold_(mining)" title="Harmony Gold (mining)">Harmony Gold</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impala_Platinum" title="Impala Platinum">Impala Platinum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JCI_Limited" title="JCI Limited">JCI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metorex" title="Metorex">Metorex</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northam_Platinum" title="Northam Platinum">Northam Platinum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sibanye-Stillwater" title="Sibanye-Stillwater">Sibanye-Stillwater</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simmer_and_Jack" title="Simmer and Jack">Simmer and Jack</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and<br />marketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AutoTrader.co.za" title="AutoTrader.co.za">AutoTrader</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidorbuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidorbuy">Bidorbuy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cadac_(South_Africa)" title="Cadac (South Africa)">Cadac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CNA_(bookstore)" title="CNA (bookstore)">CNA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Creative_Counsel" title="The Creative Counsel">The Creative Counsel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dis-Chem" title="Dis-Chem">Dis-Chem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Books" title="Exclusive Books">Exclusive Books</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Automotive_South_Africa" title="Hyundai Automotive South Africa">Hyundai South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incredible_Connection" title="Incredible Connection">Incredible Connection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Massmart" title="Massmart">Massmart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wantitall.co.za" title="Wantitall.co.za">Wantitall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edcon" title="Edcon">Edcon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurant<br />franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chicken_Licken_(restaurant)" title="Chicken Licken (restaurant)">Chicken Licken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debonairs_Pizza" title="Debonairs Pizza">Debonairs Pizza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mugg_%26_Bean" title="Mugg & Bean">Mugg & Bean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nando%27s" title="Nando's">Nando's</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman%27s_Pizza" title="Roman's Pizza">Roman's Pizza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steers_(restaurant)" title="Steers (restaurant)">Steers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wimpy_(restaurant)" title="Wimpy (restaurant)">Wimpy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netcare" title="Netcare">Netcare</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SA_Waste_Holdings" title="SA Waste Holdings">SA Waste Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bosasa" title="Bosasa">Bosasa</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avis_Southern_Africa" title="Avis Southern Africa">Avis Southern Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comazar" title="Comazar">Comazar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PUTCO" title="PUTCO">PUTCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Rail_Group" title="Surtees Rail Group">Surtees Rail Group</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">State-owned<br />enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airports_Company_South_Africa" title="Airports Company South Africa">Airports Company South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denel_Aeronautics" title="Denel Aeronautics">Denel Aeronautics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">Development Bank of Southern Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water" title="Rand Water">Rand Water</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sasol" title="Sasol">Sasol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">Sentech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">South African Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freightdynamics" title="Freightdynamics">Freightdynamics</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lema_(company)" title="Lema (company)">Lema</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Ekurhuleni" title="Category:Companies based in Ekurhuleni">Companies based in Ekurhuleni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Companies based in Johannesburg">Companies based in Johannesburg</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419926#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1581" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419926#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1581" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419926#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1001709-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50082803">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122117721">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122117721">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35513734">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10011815">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007312350105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14160956?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030767822">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/91e972b1-717b-4918-a020-34aa47127349">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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