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Feature Store 101

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join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> </div> </div> <!----> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cta-modal overflow-hidden container-raised z-10 fixed bottom-3 right-3 min-h-[56px] p-2 babybear:hidden windows-app-upsell windows-app-upsell--msft flex flex-col p-2 w-[359px] !bg-[#F1F8FA] opacity-90 backdrop-blur-[2px] z-1" 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style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <code id="memberUrn" style="display: none"><!--"urn:li:member:0"--></code> <code id="isNbaRecommendedArticlesDeeplinkEnabled" style="display: none"><!--"true"--></code> <code id="isDynamicTextareaEnabled" style="display: none"><!--"true"--></code> <article class="article-main relative flex-grow pulse"> <!----> <figure class="cover-img"> <!----> <div class="cover-img__image-frame relative w-full overflow-hidden pb-[calc((134/782)*100%)]"> <div class="cover-img__image-position absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 "> <img class="cover-img__image relative w-full h-full object-cover" src="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQGKHLOg9GUr0g/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1658750807390?e=2147483647&amp;v=beta&amp;t=Gqxqhc0BQ1KH8vQzawD0qC6lEAWKM3G89-xRYx3mr9A" fetchpriority="high" data-embed-id="cover-image" alt="Feature Store 101"> </div> </div> <figcaption class="cover-img__caption text-sm text-color-text-secondary pt-2">https://pixabay.com/photos/apple-fruit-selection-especially-1594742/</figcaption> </figure> <header> <section class="core-section-container relative my-3"> <h1 class="pulse-title text-display-md text-color-text lg:text-display-lg font-bold w-11/12">Feature Store 101</h1> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] " aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/671xosfpvk4c0kqtyl87hashi"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch 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Provectus </span> </a> <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D0BAQFnf7MoIbtEqQ/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1693390195179/provectus_it_inc_logo?e=2147483647&amp;v=beta&amp;t=s9McVt3w2eaUsBGzMCIDrDlFLSzhRBG8X4vcNwtzC0Y" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt="Provectus"> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full "> <!----> <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Provectus </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> We help businesses leverage cloud, data, and AI to reimagine the way they operate, compete, and deliver customer value. </h4> <!----> <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata"> Published Jul 25, 2022 </div> <!----> </div> <div class="base-main-card__ctas z-[3] self-center ml-3 babybear:ml-1 babybear:self-start"> <a class="base-main-card__cta btn-sm btn-secondary" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Ffeature-store-101-provectus-it-inc%3Ftrk%3Darticle-ssr-frontend-pulse_more-articles_related-content-card&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-will-navigate> + Follow </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <div data-test-id="article-content-blocks"> <!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>AI &amp; ML have reached an inflection point. In 2020, organizations in almost every industry began evolving their AI/ML projects from experimentation to production on a larger scale. While doing so, they realized they were wasting a lot of time and effort on feature definition and extraction. The team at </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprovectus%2Ecom%2F&amp;urlhash=lcRH&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Provectus <!----></a></span><span class> has built and worked with various feature stores, and we would like to share our experience in this article.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT IS A FEATURE STORE?</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Feature Store</span><span class> is a data management layer for ML features and a data transformation service that enables users to manipulate and store raw data as ready-to-use features for any ML model.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHY SHOULD ORGANIZATIONS IMPLEMENT FEATURE STORES?</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>A Feature Store is a fundamental component of the ML stack and data infrastructure that </span><span class="font-[700]">enables efficient feature engineering and management through:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Simple reuse of features</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Feature standardization</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Feature consistency between offline and online models</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Centralized and scalable feature stores allow businesses to </span><span class="font-[700]">innovate faster</span><span class> and </span><span class="font-[700]">drive ML processes at scale</span><span class>.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>MAJOR BENEFITS OF FEATURE STORES FOR BUSINESSES</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-[700]">Better ROI from feature engineering through reduced cost per model.</span><span class> More effective and cost-efficient feature engineering facilitates collaboration, sharing, and reusing of features.</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">Faster time to market for new models, driven by increased productivity of ML Engineers.</span><span class> Storage implementation and features serving API are decoupled from ML engineers, allowing them to focus on models, not on latency problems, for more efficient online serving.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>ARE FEATURE STORES REQUIRED FOR EVERY AI/ML USE CASE?</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Feature stores are </span><span class="font-[700]">only necessary for </span><span class="font-[700]"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprovectus%2Ecom%2Fmachine-learning-infrastructure%2F&amp;urlhash=_f7r&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Data &amp; ML Infrastructure <!----></a></span><span class> in projects where models need a stateful, ever-changing representation of the system.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Examples of such AI/ML use cases:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprovectus%2Ecom%2Fdemand-forecasting-retail%2F&amp;urlhash=lu9i&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Demand forecasting <!----></a></span><!----></li> <li><span class>Personalization &amp; Recommendation engines</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Dynamic pricing optimization</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Supply chain optimization</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Fraud detection </span><!----></li> <li><span class>Predictive maintenance</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>MAJOR CONCEPTS OF A STANDARDIZED FEATURE STORE</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-[700]">Online Feature Store.</span><span class> Online applications look for a feature vector that is sent to an ML model for predictions</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">ML Specific Metadata.</span><span class> Enables the discovery and reuse of features</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">ML Specific API and SDK.</span><span class> High-level operations for fetching training feature sets and online access</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">Materialized Versioned Datasets.</span><span class> Maintains versions of feature sets used to train ML models</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT MAJOR FEATURE STORES ARE AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET?</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-[700]">Tecton.</span><span class> An enterprise-ready feature store that manages the complete lifecycle of features — from engineering of new features to serving them online for real-time predictions.</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">Feast.</span><span class> Feast helps teams bridge the gap between data and machine learning models, allowing them to register, ingest, serve, and monitor features in production.</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">Amazon SageMaker Feature Store.</span><span class> A fully managed, purpose-built repository to store, update, retrieve, and share machine learning (ML) features.</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">Hopsworks.</span><span class> An enterprise platform for the development and operation of ML models, available as an on-premises platform and as a managed platform on AWS and Azure.</span><!----></li> <li><span class="font-[700]">Molecula.</span><span class> A cloud-first feature store that covers a wide range of   project needs, from data readiness to MLOps. Molecula promises an entirely new paradigm for continuous real-time data analysis.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FEATURE STORES? — TECTON</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etecton%2Eai%2F&amp;urlhash=I4wm&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Tecton <!----></a></span><span class> is an enterprise-ready feature store that manages the complete lifecycle of features — from engineering of new features to serving them online for real-time predictions.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Key Benefits.</span><span class> Enterprise-grade capabilities, including:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Feature Monitoring</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Versioning Management</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Collaboration</span><!----></li> <li><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprovectus%2Ecom%2Fdata-quality-assurance%2F&amp;urlhash=zH_g&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Data Quality <!----></a></span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The Tecton platform can be used in various large-scale machine learning scenarios and supports such </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprovectus%2Ecom%2Fmachine-learning-operations-mlops%2F&amp;urlhash=0Jvo&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>MLOps <!----></a></span><span class> stacks as Amazon SageMaker, Kubeflow, and Databricks.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Delivery Mode:</span><span class> SaaS </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Early Adopters:</span><span class> Atlassian, Tide, Omdia</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FEATURE STORES? — FEAST</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffeast%2Edev%2F&amp;urlhash=-WKn&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Feast <!----></a></span><span class> is an open source feature store that helps Data Scientists and ML Engineers bridge the gap between data and ML models, allowing them to register, ingest, serve, and monitor features in production.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Key Benefits:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Open source, simple, and lightweight</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Support of offline/online feature capturing</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Part of the Linux Foundation for AI &amp; Data</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="inline-articles bg-color-surface-new border-hidden rounded-sm p-1 mx-auto my-1.5 mamabear:w-2/3 inline-articles__after"> <h2 class="text-xl font-medium ml-1.5 my-1 text-color-text mamabear:text-center">Recommended by LinkedIn</h2> <div class="flex flex-wrap mx-0.5 babybear:mx-1.5"> <div class="content-author-card flex flex-col max-w-[270px] h-auto rounded-md border-1 border-system-gray-30 border-solid pb-1.5 inline-article mx-auto my-1 border-hidden papabear:w-[219px] babybear:min-w-full mamabear:min-w-full h-auto bg-color-canvas-tint"> <a class="no-underline" data-tracking-control-name="inline-recommended-articles" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-ml-data-mesh-unleashing-datas-potential-people-tech-group-inc-bz1lc"> <img class="content-image w-full h-[150px] bg-cover rounded-t-md object-cover" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5612AQGCWe-ZchGx3Q/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1724664197357?e=2147483647&amp;v=beta&amp;t=pZdCxGHS84Mn4gr_pRD9LxicUOvghmrpU57TwzyhmMM"> <div class="inline-article-title text-md text-color-text font-bold pl-2 pt-1 pr-1.5">AI, ML, and Data Mesh: Unleashing Data's Potential</div> <div class="inline-article-meta px-2 mt-1 font-sans text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis h-full"> <span class="inline-article-author pt-0.5"> People Tech Group Inc </span> <span class="before:middot pt-0.5 inline-article-published-date"> 2 months ago </span> </div> </a> <!----><!----> </div> <div class="content-author-card flex flex-col max-w-[270px] h-auto rounded-md border-1 border-system-gray-30 border-solid pb-1.5 inline-article mx-auto my-1 border-hidden papabear:w-[219px] babybear:min-w-full mamabear:min-w-full h-auto bg-color-canvas-tint"> <a class="no-underline" data-tracking-control-name="inline-recommended-articles" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-modern-platforms-drive-data-transformation-nousinfosystems-zpm3c"> <img class="content-image w-full h-[150px] bg-cover rounded-t-md object-cover" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5612AQEi7S907vQqhQ/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1718374472204?e=2147483647&amp;v=beta&amp;t=SXg_AufGt6OstjP2jcvgi8_WCZfBkC-MRsmC5jKvw8w"> <div class="inline-article-title text-md text-color-text font-bold pl-2 pt-1 pr-1.5">AI and Modern Platforms Drive Data Transformation</div> <div class="inline-article-meta px-2 mt-1 font-sans text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis h-full"> <span class="inline-article-author pt-0.5"> Nous Infosystems </span> <span class="before:middot pt-0.5 inline-article-published-date"> 5 months ago </span> </div> </a> <!----><!----> </div> <div class="content-author-card flex flex-col max-w-[270px] h-auto rounded-md border-1 border-system-gray-30 border-solid pb-1.5 inline-article mx-auto my-1 border-hidden papabear:w-[219px] babybear:min-w-full mamabear:min-w-full h-auto bg-color-canvas-tint"> <a class="no-underline" data-tracking-control-name="inline-recommended-articles" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/transforming-business-ai-data-centers-factories-guide-mark-minevich-td72e"> <img class="content-image w-full h-[150px] bg-cover rounded-t-md object-cover" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQFoAplfLv_JJg/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1726698702133?e=2147483647&amp;v=beta&amp;t=uL0juADJ9LFwcX8YML2QC4Av-ZlhLgkd7HffRaWeVN0"> <div class="inline-article-title text-md text-color-text font-bold pl-2 pt-1 pr-1.5">Transforming Business with AI Data Centers "AI…</div> <div class="inline-article-meta px-2 mt-1 font-sans text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis h-full"> <span class="inline-article-author pt-0.5"> Mark Minevich </span> <span class="before:middot pt-0.5 inline-article-published-date"> 2 months ago </span> </div> </a> <!----><!----> </div> </div> </div> <!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Feast serves as a lightweight model for capturing offline and online features in ML pipelines, and supports such MLOps stacks as Spark and Kubeflow.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Delivery Mode:</span><span class> Cloud and On-premise</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Early Adopters:</span><span class> Google, GoJek, Zulily, Agoda, Farfetch</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FEATURE STORES? — AMAZON SAGEMAKER FEATURE STORE</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Faws%2Eamazon%2Ecom%2Fru%2Fsagemaker%2Ffeature-store%2F&amp;urlhash=bOtC&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Amazon SageMaker Feature Store <!----></a></span><span class> is a fully managed, purpose-built repository for machine learning features. Seamlessly integrated with the SageMaker platform, it enables the search, discovery, and management of ML features at scale.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Key Benefits:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Native integration with SageMaker and other AWS services</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Easy entry point for DS/ML teams already working on the SageMaker platform</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Though Amazon SageMaker Feature Store's UX lags behind other platforms, its native integration with Amazon SageMaker makes it the feature store of choice for AWS-based projects.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Delivery Mode:</span><span class> Amazon Web Services (AWS)</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Early Adopters:</span><span class> Intuit, Experian, DeNA, Care.com</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FEATURE STORES? — HOPSWORKS</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ehopsworks%2Eai%2F&amp;urlhash=2E_P&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Hopsworks <!----></a></span><span class> is an open-source feature store for developing and operating AI applications. It includes key building blocks for feature lifecycle management: feature discovery, analysis, and serving.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Key Benefits:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Integration with various MLOps stacks (Databricks, SageMaker, Azure ML), database and streaming platforms</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Integration with most Python libraries for ingestion and training</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Support of offline feature stores with time travel</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Hopsworks provides a middle ground between Feast and Tecton, although it relies on the HopsML infrastructure and may not satisfy all latency requirements.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Delivery Mode:</span><span class> On-premise and Cloud (AWS, Azure, GCP)</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Early Adopters:</span><span class> Nvidia, AMD, SCANIA</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FEATURE STORES? — MOLECULA</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Emolecula%2Ecom%2F&amp;urlhash=Qnb3&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Molecula <!----></a></span><span class> is a cloud-first feature store that covers a wide range of AI/ML project needs, from data readiness to MLOps.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Key Benefits:</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Designed for both large-scale and streaming data processing</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Integration with various databases and streaming platforms</span><!----></li> <li><span class>Introduces Data Taps to abstract specific data sources for feature extraction, to enable feature modeling on SQL queries</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The Molecula feature store platform is heavily geared towards enterprises to enable seamless feature extraction across multiple databases and streaming messaging platforms.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Delivery Mode:</span><span class> On-premise</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Early Adopters:</span><span class> Q2 eBanking</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>MOVING FORWARD WITH FEATURE STORE</span><!----></h3> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>It is still early in the game for feature stores, but organizations that are moving beyond experimentation to production of machine learning projects have already realized the need for a centralized repository to store, update, retrieve, and share features.</span><!----> </p> </div> <!----><!----> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Have any questions? Feel free to reach out to Provectus at </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmailto%3Asales%40provectus%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=amrc&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>sales@provectus.com <!----></a></span><span class> and learn more about </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprovectus%2Ecom%2Fwebinar-feature-store-as-data-foundation-for-ml-nov-2020%2F&amp;urlhash=wpgG&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>implementing a feature store as an integral part of your ML lifecycle <!----></a></span><span class>. 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items-stretch z-1 bottom-[100%] top-auto" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="العربية (Arabic)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ar_AE" data-locale="ar_AE" role="menuitem" lang="ar_AE"> العربية (Arabic) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="বাংলা (Bangla)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-bn_IN" data-locale="bn_IN" role="menuitem" lang="bn_IN"> বাংলা (Bangla) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Čeština (Czech)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-cs_CZ" data-locale="cs_CZ" role="menuitem" lang="cs_CZ"> Čeština (Czech) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Dansk (Danish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-da_DK" data-locale="da_DK" role="menuitem" lang="da_DK"> Dansk (Danish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Deutsch (German)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-de_DE" data-locale="de_DE" role="menuitem" lang="de_DE"> Deutsch (German) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Ελληνικά (Greek)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-el_GR" data-locale="el_GR" role="menuitem" lang="el_GR"> Ελληνικά (Greek) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="English (English) selected" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link--selected" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-en_US" data-locale="en_US" role="menuitem" lang="en_US"> <strong>English (English)</strong> </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Español (Spanish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-es_ES" data-locale="es_ES" role="menuitem" lang="es_ES"> Español (Spanish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="فارسی (Persian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fa_IR" data-locale="fa_IR" role="menuitem" lang="fa_IR"> فارسی (Persian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Suomi (Finnish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fi_FI" data-locale="fi_FI" role="menuitem" lang="fi_FI"> Suomi (Finnish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Français (French)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fr_FR" data-locale="fr_FR" role="menuitem" lang="fr_FR"> Français (French) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="हिंदी (Hindi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hi_IN" data-locale="hi_IN" role="menuitem" lang="hi_IN"> हिंदी (Hindi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Magyar (Hungarian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hu_HU" data-locale="hu_HU" role="menuitem" lang="hu_HU"> Magyar (Hungarian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-in_ID" data-locale="in_ID" role="menuitem" lang="in_ID"> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Italiano (Italian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-it_IT" data-locale="it_IT" role="menuitem" lang="it_IT"> Italiano (Italian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="עברית (Hebrew)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-iw_IL" data-locale="iw_IL" role="menuitem" lang="iw_IL"> עברית (Hebrew) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="日本語 (Japanese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ja_JP" data-locale="ja_JP" role="menuitem" lang="ja_JP"> 日本語 (Japanese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="한국어 (Korean)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ko_KR" data-locale="ko_KR" role="menuitem" lang="ko_KR"> 한국어 (Korean) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="मराठी (Marathi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-mr_IN" data-locale="mr_IN" role="menuitem" lang="mr_IN"> मराठी (Marathi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ms_MY" data-locale="ms_MY" role="menuitem" lang="ms_MY"> Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Nederlands (Dutch)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-nl_NL" data-locale="nl_NL" role="menuitem" lang="nl_NL"> Nederlands (Dutch) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Norsk (Norwegian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-no_NO" data-locale="no_NO" role="menuitem" lang="no_NO"> Norsk (Norwegian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pa_IN" data-locale="pa_IN" role="menuitem" lang="pa_IN"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Polski (Polish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pl_PL" data-locale="pl_PL" role="menuitem" lang="pl_PL"> Polski (Polish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Português (Portuguese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pt_BR" data-locale="pt_BR" role="menuitem" lang="pt_BR"> Português (Portuguese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Română (Romanian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ro_RO" data-locale="ro_RO" role="menuitem" lang="ro_RO"> Română (Romanian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Русский (Russian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ru_RU" data-locale="ru_RU" role="menuitem" lang="ru_RU"> Русский (Russian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Svenska (Swedish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-sv_SE" data-locale="sv_SE" role="menuitem" lang="sv_SE"> Svenska (Swedish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="తెలుగు (Telugu)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-te_IN" data-locale="te_IN" role="menuitem" lang="te_IN"> తెలుగు (Telugu) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="ภาษาไทย (Thai)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-th_TH" data-locale="th_TH" role="menuitem" lang="th_TH"> ภาษาไทย (Thai) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Tagalog (Tagalog)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH"> Tagalog (Tagalog) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR"> Türkçe (Turkish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-uk_UA" data-locale="uk_UA" role="menuitem" lang="uk_UA"> Українська (Ukrainian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-vi_VN" data-locale="vi_VN" role="menuitem" lang="vi_VN"> Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_CN" data-locale="zh_CN" role="menuitem" lang="zh_CN"> 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_TW" data-locale="zh_TW" role="menuitem" lang="zh_TW"> 正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) </button> </li> <!----> </ul> <button class="language-selector__button select-none relative pr-2 font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover hover:cursor-pointer focus:text-color-link-focus focus:outline-dotted focus:outline-1" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="footer-lang-dropdown_trigger"> <span class="language-selector__label-text mr-0.5 break-words"> Language </span> <icon class="language-selector__label-chevron w-2 h-2 absolute top-0 right-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </div> </li> </ul> <!----> </footer> <div id="toasts" class="toasts fixed z-8 babybear:right-4 mamabear:right-4 papabear:min-h-[96px] invisible top:auto bottom-4 left-4 papabear:w-[400px] toasts--bottom" type="bottom"> <template id="toast-template"> <div class="toast container-raised flex toast--bottom transition ease-accelerate duration-xxslow " data-id="toast"> <div class="toast__message flex flex-1 babybear:items-center mamabear:items-center papabear:items-start py-2 px-1.5" data-id="toast__message" role="alert" tabindex="-1"> <div class="toast__message-content-container" data-id="toast__message-content-container"> <p class="toast__message-content font-sans text-sm opacity-90 inline babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start" data-id="toast__message-content"></p> </div> </div> <button class="toast__dismiss-btn cursor-pointer babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start pt-3 pb-2 papabear:py-2 pl-0.5 pr-0" data-id="toast__dismiss-btn" aria-label="Close"> <svg width="24" height="24" class="fill-color-icon"><path d="M13 4.32 9.31 8 13 11.69 11.69 13 8 9.31 4.31 13 3 11.69 6.69 8 3 4.31 4.31 3 8 6.69 11.68 3Z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </template> <template id="toast-icon-caution"> <icon 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