CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913432e55d6740aa',cH: 'DgkY043XdCXhJfv7pRayl1ikjuqHAtpVHgfRoFGVfvM-1739778755-1.2.1.1-9qv5.Sv3EpugRsvL0ROPrV_5_pz4tUY9bszHdBRXIDzt7NHIRibdKmqbKutFDO_6',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=multi-crystalline%20%28mc-Si%29&__cf_chl_tk=rbz.U7M.I3TNAJacnzPr9uOuiQQPZklEcJZHXmNn7Xs-1739778755-1.0.1.1-.9G_qwIr0VrbhnfkhFlkXtR1xiCr51DmlsQo8ha_wh0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778755',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=multi-crystalline%20%28mc-Si%29&__cf_chl_f_tk=rbz.U7M.I3TNAJacnzPr9uOuiQQPZklEcJZHXmNn7Xs-1739778755-1.0.1.1-.9G_qwIr0VrbhnfkhFlkXtR1xiCr51DmlsQo8ha_wh0",md: "WyBptTo3IQmdRJs4R78EHVFNuJ8u.gpBRXw_qW0dlYQ-1739778755-1.2.1.1-F2Pn213OP48oDxwdsNnypMTIeXrmY8zpZ9ir__BPPDt5Y1DjfAANgUwY7ko9UuEJFWXEMumIlXkUb8_KNOSx1SKOHOR.e09iDQJavPZQTnwwDPr8dySKeLH4659fu52K7rRUXKxZmGrxfslTXbDesiLcYOOSBWM9LBxQVe4iiyvuZoMwerS2Hr6mNLT96xait.lX8cppSfN8_4va2sRl0cKlH6tuMj1r8ia4Vhmd1PaDAjuNwWPrLO_xRbK_U21j2ChlHQZIC7yGOFvBMogGlKT7Ohii8YxzmdQp3IW_02TQxbbfmHzJsytxwrb_8YFXPqfYN0z2f1B8e4n0dSy8rsrqXYEZNPMsAEZnfL89OrAYJAcjlWDOl5zMc.5PM6DMOn4lUL3FwKsEoiaJe5kdeVrk0Rtu2v2zeG2jFaYWMqeGWdmgTc_U.gvNyVthTn.VIP.V10jktZRn0M2EoXIVc9Cgics_J0iZcgGk1fq7s0XtCNOYYC.uI_oELBwUxbfb4s2H.7_3px.iIj91NKcRIq2oQ8OzI.1ekB5OEe9IbgCRAqlKSjb5qIGwwo6IZ2ZG75NeP.955b1ZKifY.8.UR.qwDfy3sQuPWMUrXxb.hkP7dvA.p.qIt2e8FASkmx6FnlrhILLv3ji6c_i4vW5AqBRYdWZ4DhFxOn2PTZrEJtg90WHgSf3WoQ7IBoNAcbnJxCrLD.1M7SjycAMD2OzWEqnH17boMcBm7yInRDNNoweBphNCLCnYQihvxk.o9D.xYMGd7DTa.0.Z3CB0IlJSx3zsi2NIe4HJvC9FAxX186PyfgJdYJVu.XJ6FRM9NCDRgqsV8uU8fb.9xV8_EPdU.FwqHltJI7baYukRV2coYjKfffK1SIv7kpNFUEFuOo1gYGknUjdyXqRrAvh6pcYVM9L42VTRvOX.gUcB_MwjCJgz65WejblL01hEvX0eLg8pjvLdxeYnTMu2zdslK5DelOLinik_OstZXnngLlqsAOD0jEMyf2gecEFV5GQuabVqG8rQLaQwTuZ_Bz3QkBo5Vj1Z_k7Aep5naItoytKE8u9Db7jfpU_9xciWHjRdmq9y5aETSabFR_E4XGtH9E0a3Z1B8v8QJAaT.QiWNhAV32qCf5RhKZiHslKlA62mqCVS7itoZtuZ9iq5BWsAiVL6iPyv_4VfU3XkJxQPHaN.D25vbga8H66qsSnUB3zveSxob2oxgY9y.7mkmBvDXTjdMfnG1eBOyoUAKziKUTSsZYeJdBFzFkOSmbTd0k9da8LO0bpA5u1NuW7rZgDYycUQcxN9tmNfChkPQ2lDanIphTL92O3Jz_fknpiRO7Zr5oJdkC3uOo85HHxeLdmmXbm1Sf.E9.pucexrtVo8RVwqzQAYdJQv6bYRxx0GOhd2Sae9TdcGoHiZ7Nwsrh1AiE.K1T68Ir8UYOQW8hTdmVj1rZB2CmYFcV.f7OcgB6GHVcWgqWizLusG6JQXurTxF4veCQxKCuvpUORgOJhlq4_0FMcKmJ00D99oTHZhB8tI10Zfe84jGx.AiR.u0Ls_dqEAl_poaM1vOu9TD0c_adKsJA3E_sf8SLIvv1OMewaWvxNVtHT3Y_gzftJrlnWNArHsMsRZH78ndFsZbtx.cGRPV.djS1bsL.xpcnb6AaYZ0ZGILLzS0iFlKaYsJu3AZAa3N.sRlvpbDjaH9VbwEBKiJ.0MB5ERR1jGSNuRwibBCI53Y7rtjNoFsvhA4nNfKsBfAHRaGzU.A6P4G45rq7q7BP83ZQ7daHYr3PC5GNQN51C.ctP2zQRIt5PAc6NX3MVMjQOA6X8I6Vd.PhLN_Ci14DnMB2aC1tZu157Ie_wrQ5K.pxvreoKMOqYU784j2K3Mna0C2YtzGia.NDXip6TZHbfFKk8C44gxnR3ARqy.FssBnbxOeE30J3PCqQyryH1JCrxdOHk1I2KO4UgxAuJDh0yNO_5BbxPCDK4mz8tIzov9QReEDZacmGow1G6TCCOzYQ",mdrd: "28ldvw5vDZfMaUNn9791FpZbzr.mscv6yekj8Y7Yp14-1739778755-1.2.1.1-4wasngUp2RTeb4QmbghXyygFIVR0rm9ZksKC7Rr6ZjwWc4LKrqRXOR37uyuHGL24.iAxnxmVHaWhw3ptl4Z4yM.s8yv_0bI2NKKSXrm6Z3.arJcdPdx7Ezkp_h3fYx_y0F.ptfg55oIYvuTtaj2jGsh37yuogZuywGmwlasAW8BeYx0POnOotUZCW.mGtTVIBSCMxVKiuidEdkG2qWjCnPcVO43w_ogBR8caokd6s0QGrZBh2Qaf9Zh_5gNll15GjpG9YEuzeSG1MCuPO7ZS0TCd9yraOI33Md_PsohyxjLqD4SrmQ28XfFUtYXup3Zk69cxWtnubdMrhBPX0dT74ZX6T35zh461o2CEqkRCH4mbr3quIilU6LdgrBDYaBTeujUc5XZnFaT6yPnC.Re70hu_WoaRl2YkKnnVJKuYiGdwKdNF89tCBayQLYjgCjyYiopiiRAak1QwCHv8TlBfPAneT8.azkJv45YKx5OzsCX.c.btQ6hpLeZswkEfkxEZIYMvyHj7aZywCg0CDmgyFAGElKR9GTnFn9nT1rlowlq1NmISR2yBuz_XwIPYs4kuRtY3zqTh81smOeJEEgjZ.3RmYwul.bGLMt_G62UQ2Ab4SFHWqpGoBTXqucEw6P1oE2zoQl7X5qe.9zBNwai2LGYrxGawWicERXXrCBRaMwSVHUzh5D3t2laCbAFjY42ofyXDvW6D2Z17FEWDH_fXWjth9pn_FiYyLIuQN3T_Es96PcSI1qYCY2umWDZxFlnnTLLVA28w1pSRTGEnH7WnFAjZ1TpKade2GwpFwDOKRJ_LEdSsXdjywWc5Lm_9CUJRue5APHZVRLgx.24ZQhjKUyB7nYpFGM5p5ZNol1RQMcbrYgzfA5nGJiPgz6aBefY19wIz8Adkc3pTw_2TSIAtPNV97dch2vXdB22Cx_vRZhegtxdchuB2PMB49zl08R4c27nHsehvLT0FWyUbT4hgCBaxuNjDGu6lbLlh3Xw2I76QTui5cgI.cIhHMPFjOgx0CQO3j3VlEpzmuAZ9JAWHjp1PIKDpU7SRjNQDHlDedQlkk0c2ajVVCbe25zxzHnH28aJvO5SCw9YhYA42kol9eoV7trgeEe2j3_U8Ybt0_PMTO6LQH2Jb0AAgMvWuisC7qyCWAHQAfKJYDu4gD6v88KvbYwSFrds.gPKPhRbJPFEl73dGrKfEfwVkZmF0za8rKZzB5_O3IXjF7TizTT5nh7cS9u8UqlQ5Lhb8fV7rIohHnHm2K5dfPb5MZ4zu3veTW22Mb7.2Bmz_ZJQUw9kvbX40v7miaVWJuQyja6vcIsLsowZwczHJ8lYg4oGkxyIcYXCJsTy3uT.IdFHVudXopzJBqOBA36zVcE3pIMSOolytLke6bmrzdnNIXuNAliPDoy.LjT5zXCXdlFNojvY4JeulAw7oSKQz0mDpsMN_aYdap544idmvSM6TzVwCmoqcuBa7jJU7UUr2t2WJH_IILns2Gl1nnP9ypxUUS16Pcdz23F1ey.K8ZQyGJKxR5GVdnuWPmxB7n16CSq5zSV7ZT5uE8K1ZQcmIusYS1nWVTJTzuj.vegJK1Gxxbkj7ehad6AOzGEpudocEF1NCvWITLMY6g2eIHBovnH8329gOOSB8m8_6PPIRHwUKLyX7jwbF.S_oXyjdssNAVTOUcc8o.zmxUpCeR5.H8y4_RDdpQkqSaW3qeX4y9pu4bI7hU_Pp49L9oGB4vc1ejFomU.ovuLvP9UJGO2yI9zzryR4Bgg.LC1crl3seZCL15oMslo9zVv7UXZc9.eBxyyqYy2JrXTQHWX7p5l2ChOr8Q59HFSyW5ZN7wTaQOks5M5z92ZN61clT2gux_aQa0YIjMQ4mgEVbqxU4zgHkl0L2oZsEc_8EwVC8y.tTHO.KCoCtJdc19UR48OjqoHgtd8HacnsmFuYqxGKDFj6livNRzzTb6lFjitzcvUKkAjGFd0QXeZdq.DPzovTMdya6m0_Q4QsCtA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913432e55d6740aa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=multi-crystalline%20%28mc-Si%29&__cf_chl_rt_tk=rbz.U7M.I3TNAJacnzPr9uOuiQQPZklEcJZHXmNn7Xs-1739778755-1.0.1.1-.9G_qwIr0VrbhnfkhFlkXtR1xiCr51DmlsQo8ha_wh0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>