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<!DOCTYPE HTML><html lang=en><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Slovakian - Worldwide distribution</title><link rel=preconnect href="https://js.worlddata.info"><link rel=dns-prefetch href="https://js.worlddata.info"><link rel=preconnect href="https://cdn.worlddata.info"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.worlddata.info"><link rel=alternate hreflang=de href="https://www.laenderdaten.info/sprachen/slowakisch.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=en href="https://www.worlddata.info/languages/slovakian.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=es href="https://www.datosmundial.com/idiomas/eslovaco.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=pt-BR href="https://www.dadosmundiais.com/linguas/eslovaco.php"><link rel=alternate hreflang=fr href="https://www.donneesmondiales.com/langues/slovaque.php"><link rel=canonical id=canonical href="https://www.worlddata.info/languages/slovakian.php"><meta name=description content="International distribution of mother tongue Slovakian including regional allocations. 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id=navbar data-pos="0" style="background-position:0px 0px;"></div></header><main id=main><div id=intro1><div id=blurbg style="background-image:url(//cdn.worlddata.info/pics/sprachen2.jpg);"></div><div id=intro3><img class=deko src="//cdn.worlddata.info/pics/sprachen2.jpg" loading=lazy alt="Picture Languages" width=340 height=300><div class=floater><h1>Slovakian speaking countries</h1>Slovak is a West Slavic language and the official language of Slovakia. It is spoken by around 4.5 million people within Slovakia. It is also spoken by a smaller part of the population of the Czech Republic and Hungary.<p>The total number of current native speakers, including emigrants in many Slovakian communities in other countries, is around 5 million.</div><div class=clear></div></div></div><div class="adtg bbd" id="adtg-1" data-gptfrmt="bbd" ><ins id=ags1 class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client="ca-pub-0315193065476355" data-ad-slot="2913722277" data-ad-format="horizontal" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class=boxwhite><h2>Origin and historical development</h2> The emergence of Slovak as an independent language is dated to the 10th century, when various Slavic dialects developed in Central Europe as part of the Slavic migration. Slovak developed from Proto-Slavic, which has been known since around the 5th century.<p>Its historical development is closely linked to the history of Slovakia. After Christianization in the 9th and 10th centuries, literary use of the language began, initially in the form of Old Church Slavonic, before it was gradually replaced by Slovak over the centuries. In the 18th century, scholars such as Anton Bernolák strove to standardize the language based on West Slavic dialects. In the 19th century, Ľudovít Štúr followed with a further standardization based on Central Slovakian dialects, which formed the basis of modern Standard Slovak.<p><div id=map><picture><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/slovakian-dark.png" media="(max-width:380px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark)"><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/slovakian.png" media="(max-width:380px)"><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/slovakian-dark-720.png" media="(min-width:381px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark)"><source srcset="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/slovakian-720.png" media="(min-width:381px)"><img src="//cdn.worlddata.info/maps/language/slovakian.png" width=360 height=240 alt="Distribution Slovakian"></picture><button id=mapswitch class="preload-spinner" onclick="interactiveMap()">► Interactive map</button></div><br><script>function interactiveMap(){ addClass('map','spinner'); var d=document,s1=d.createElement('script'); d.getElementById('map').innerHTML='';s2=d.createElement('script');css=d.createElement('link'); css.type='text/css';css.rel='stylesheet';css.href='//cdn.worlddata.info/css/wdmap.css';d.head.appendChild(css); s1.async=false;s1.src='//cdn.worlddata.info/js/wdmap.js';d.head.appendChild(s1); s2.async=false;s2.src='//cdn.worlddata.info/js/world-en.js'; s2.onload=function(){ var markers=[{name:"United States",coords:[37,-97]},{name:"Australia",coords:[-28,140]},{name:"Slovakia",coords:[48.71,19.21]}]; var jvm=new jsVectorMap({ selector:"#map",labels:{markers:{render:(marker)=>marker.name}},markers:markers, series:{regions:[{attribute:'fill',colorRange:'A9E0F0 65A0B0',attributes:{SK:82,CZ:2,HU:1}}]} }); jvm.setScale(5,500,130,false,true); window.addEventListener('resize',()=>{jvm.updateSize()}); removeClass('map','spinner'); }; d.head.appendChild(s2); } var wd_tooltips={SK:'82.0;4.45 m',CZ:'1.9;206,600',HU:'1.2;115,078'}; function buildTooltip(code,countryname){ if(wd_tooltips[code]){ var tt='<b>'+countryname+'</b>'; ttData=wd_tooltips[code].split(';'); if(ttData[0]+ttData[1]){tt+=ttData[0]+'% (ca. '+ttData[1]+' Population)'} return tt; } return countryname; }</script><div class="adtg hrz" id="adtg-2" data-gptfrmt="hrz" ><ins id=ags2 class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client="ca-pub-0315193065476355" data-ad-slot="3247214056" data-ad-format="horizontal" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><br><div class=tablescroller><table class="std100 hover sticky"><tr><th>Country</th><th>Official language</th><th>Distribution</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_eu fl_SVK" href="/europe/slovakia/index.php">Slovakia</a></td><td>yes</td><td>82.0 %</td><td>4,450,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_eu fl_CZE" href="/europe/czechia/index.php">Czechia</a></td><td>no</td><td>1.9 %</td><td>207,000</td></tr><tr><td><a class="fl_eu fl_HUN" href="/europe/hungary/index.php">Hungary</a></td><td>no</td><td>1.2 %</td><td>115,000</td></tr></table></div><br><br><h2>Differences between Czech and Slovak</h2> The Slovak and <a href="/languages/czech.php">Czech languages</a>, both West Slavic languages, have a high degree of mutual intelligibility, but differ in several aspects. Historically, Slovak and Czech have undergone a similar development, but were shaped in different political and social contexts. During the time of Czechoslovakia, there were efforts to create a unified Czechoslovak language, but this was never fully realized. Since the division into Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 1993, the languages have continued to diverge.<p>Phonologically, Slovak has a softer and more melodic pronunciation. Slovak, for example, has fewer hard consonants. One noticeable difference is the pronunciation of the "r", which is not uvular (back of the throat) in Slovak.<p>Despite numerous overlaps, there are significant differences in vocabulary. While Slovak is sometimes considered more conservative in terms of retaining old Slavic words, Czech has incorporated numerous loanwords from other languages.<p>From a grammatical point of view, Slovak uses seven cases for nouns, with the vocative (form of address) being used more than in Czech. The conjugation of verbs is similar in both languages, but there are differences in the use of certain tenses.<p>On the other hand, the orthography of both languages is quite similar, but there are differences in the use of accented characters. For example, Slovak uses acute accents to indicate the length of vowels.<p><div class="adtg hrz" id="adtg-3" data-gptfrmt="hrz" ><ins id=ags3 class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client="ca-pub-0315193065476355" data-ad-slot="3247214056" data-ad-format="horizontal" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div data-nosnippet style="font-size:.9em;"><br>Unless otherwise described in the text, this page is about native speakers — not the total number of speakers. How many people understand or speak Slovakian as a subsequently learned language is not the subject of this page. Countries where native speakers make up only a few thousand, or even a few hundred people, or countries with a percentage well below 1% are unlikely to be listed here.<p>Official language, national language or lingua franca: <a href="/languages/terms.php">explanation of frequently used terms</a></div></div></main><footer id=footer><div id=socials><a href="//twitter.com/share?original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php&text=Slovakian+-+Worldwide+distribution&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:-31px -29px;" title=Twitter></a><a href="//www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php&t=Slovakian+-+Worldwide+distribution" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:-209px -29px;" title=Facebook></a><a class=ab630 href="//www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:-270px -29px;" title=LinkedIn></a><a class=no-desktop href="fb-messenger://share?link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php" rel=noopener style="background-position:-150px -29px;" title=Messenger></a><a class=no-desktop href="whatsapp://send?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php%20Slovakian+-+Worldwide+distribution" rel=noopener style="background-position:-116px -29px;" title=WhatsApp></a><a href="//www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php&title=Slovakian+-+Worldwide+distribution" target=_blank rel=noopener style="background-position:0 -29px;" title=Reddit></a><a href="mailto:?subject=Slovakian+-+Worldwide+distribution&body=Slovakian+-+Worldwide+distribution%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Fslovakian.php" style="background-position:-59px -29px;" title=Email></a></div><div class=breadcrumbs>You are here: <a href="/">Home</a> › <a href="/languages/">Languages</a> › <span style="color:#00FFFF;">Slovakian</span></div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Homepage","item":"https://www.worlddata.info/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Languages","item":"https://www.worlddata.info/languages/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Slovakian","item":"https://www.worlddata.info/languages/slovakian.php"}]}</script><a href="/quiz/">Country Quiz</a><a href="/countrycodes.php">Country codes</a><a href="/downloads/">CSV downloads</a><a href="/definition-country.php">What is a country?</a><div id=langsel><a href="https://www.laenderdaten.info/sprachen/slowakisch.php" title="Language: Slovakian" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:2px 1px;" hreflang=de lang=de>deutsch</a><a href="https://www.datosmundial.com/idiomas/eslovaco.php" title="Idiomas: Eslovaco" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:-348px 1px;" hreflang=es lang=es>español</a><a href="https://www.dadosmundiais.com/linguas/eslovaco.php" title="Língua: Eslovaco" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:-1028px 1px;" hreflang=pt-BR lang=pt-BR id=lngpt>português</a><a href="https://www.donneesmondiales.com/langues/slovaque.php" title="Langue maternelle: Slovaque" class=langh rel=alternate style="background-position:-518px 1px;" hreflang=fr lang=fr>français</a></div><br><br><a class=legal href="/about.php">About worlddata.info</a><a class=legal href="/privacypolicy.php">Privacy policy</a><a class=legal id=cmp_revoke style="display:none;" href="#" onclick="window.manualCmpResurface();return false">Cookie settings</a><a class=legal href="/report-an-error.php" rel=nofollow onclick="errurl(this)">Report an error</a><br><br>Data without guarantee © WorldData.info, all rights reserved<br>Photo: © krockenmitte (Photocase)<br>This page was first published in April 2015 and has been continuously updated since then. 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