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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pregled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pregled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pregled</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pregled-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Pregled</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pregled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Varijante_rasporeda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varijante_rasporeda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Varijante rasporeda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varijante_rasporeda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metodi_grupisanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metodi_grupisanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Metodi grupisanja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metodi_grupisanja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Metodi grupisanja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metodi_grupisanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Grupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Periode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blokovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blokovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Blokovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blokovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metali,_metaloidi_i_nemetali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metali,_metaloidi_i_nemetali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Metali, metaloidi i nemetali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metali,_metaloidi_i_nemetali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodni_trendovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodni_trendovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Periodni trendovi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Periodni_trendovi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Periodni trendovi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Periodni_trendovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elektronska_konfiguracija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronska_konfiguracija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Elektronska konfiguracija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronska_konfiguracija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atomski_radijusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomski_radijusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Atomski radijusi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomski_radijusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energija_jonizacije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energija_jonizacije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Energija jonizacije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energija_jonizacije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronegativnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronegativnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Elektronegativnost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronegativnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronski_afinitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronski_afinitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Elektronski afinitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronski_afinitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalni_karakter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalni_karakter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Metalni karakter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalni_karakter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorija_periodnog_sistema_hemijskih_elemenata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorija_periodnog_sistema_hemijskih_elemenata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istorija periodnog sistema hemijskih elemenata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorija_periodnog_sistema_hemijskih_elemenata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napomene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napomene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Napomene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napomene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Periodni sistem elemenata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 202 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система — Abkazijski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periodieke tabel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD_%E1%88%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%A5" title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos" title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी — Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الجدول الدوري — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طابلو دوري — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طابلو دوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جدول دورى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول دورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা — Asemijski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asemijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabla periódica — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल — Avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_elementl%C9%99rin_d%C3%B6vri_sistemi" title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Tabél périodik — Balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabél périodik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodnsystem" title="Periodnsystem — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Periodnsystem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeliej%C4%97va_kem%C4%97niu_elementu_lental%C4%97" title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodikong_tableta" title="Peryodikong tableta — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peryodikong tableta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Периодична система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင် — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="পর্যায় সারণি — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় সারণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། — Tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="পর্যায় সারণী — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্যায় সারণী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9" title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үелхэ системэ — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үелхэ системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Taula periòdica — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3_ci%C5%AD-g%C4%AD-bi%C4%93u" title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система — Čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko" title="Talaang peryodiko — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talaang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خشتەی خولی — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خشتەی خولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica" title="Tavola periodica — Korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Periodická tabulka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_cyfnodol" title="Tabl cyfnodol — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periodiske system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloyo_periyodik" title="Tabloyo periyodik — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabloyo periyodik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA" title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު — Divehijski" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo" title="Perioda tabelo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla periódica de los elementos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa" title="Taula periodikoa — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabra_peri%C3%BAdica_e_los_elementus" title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جدول تناوبی — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelejevi_tap%C3%B5l" title="Mendelejevi tapõl — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mendelejevi tapõl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin" title="Skeiðbundna skipanin — Farski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skeiðbundna skipanin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Farski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tableau périodique des éléments" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioodisch_tab%C3%A4le" title="Perioodisch tabäle — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perioodisch tabäle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche" title="Tabele periodiche — Friulijski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tabele periodiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_de_eleminten" title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach" title="Tábla peiriadach — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tábla peiriadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 — gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_p%C3%A9ryodik_di_s%C3%A9_%C3%A9l%C3%A9man" title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A0r_pillteach" title="Clàr pillteach — Škotski Galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clàr pillteach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Škotski Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos" title="Táboa periódica dos elementos — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa periódica dos elementos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%E1%BB%B9i_k%C3%ADmiko_rechaukaha" title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha — Gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક — Gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taabyl_reiltagh_ny_bunstooghyn" title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn — Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-su_ch%C3%BB-kh%C3%AC-p%C3%A9u" title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu — hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הטבלה המחזורית — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלה המחזורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sustav_elemenata" title="Periodni sustav elemenata — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Periodni sustav elemenata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_klasifikasyon_peryodik_eleman" title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_elemek_peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszere" title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos" title="Tabella periodic del elementos — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabella periodic del elementos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelle_periodic" title="Tabelle periodic — Interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tabelle periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiko_a_lamisaan_dagiti_elemento" title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химе элементий мура система — Ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Химе элементий мура система" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo" title="Periodala tabelo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Periodala tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0" title="Lotukerfið — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lotukerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola periodica degli elementi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="周期表 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="周期表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiriadik_tiebl" title="Piiriadik tiebl — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiriadik tiebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikni_selratni_cartu" title="dikni selratni cartu — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikni selratni cartu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_unsur_miturut_lambang" title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelwit_tawalant" title="Tafelwit tawalant — Kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelwit tawalant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metha_Njokereri" title="Metha Njokereri — Kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Metha Njokereri" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី — Kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기율표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас — komi-permski" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_vedor%C3%AE_ya_elementan" title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система — Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vosen_Beriodek" title="An Vosen Beriodek — Korniški" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Vosen Beriodek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema periodicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer" title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система — Lezgian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_eleminte" title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodica_di_elemenc" title="Tabela periodica di elemenc — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tabela periodica di elemenc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko" title="Etánda ya bileko — Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etánda ya bileko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ — Laoški" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97" title="Periodinė elementų lentelė — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinė elementų lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabilaon%27ny_singa" title="Tabilaon'ny singa — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tabilaon'ny singa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Ripanga pūmotu — Maorski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maorski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik — Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периоден систем на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үелэх систем — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C" title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ — Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_perjodika" title="Tavla perjodika — Melteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tavla perjodika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica — Mirandeški" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%93uhc%C4%81y%C5%8Dtl_nemachiy%C5%8Dt%C4%ABlp%C4%81ntli" title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem — Niski nemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niski nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी — Nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="तत्त्वमां — Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तत्त्वमां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periodiek systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="istaknuti spisak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabatee_Wahiyyoolee" title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee — Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ — Orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Элементты периодон системæ — Osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Элементты периодон системæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablang_periodiku_da_ring_elementu" title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu — Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A8l_peri%C3%B3diko" title="Tabèl periódiko — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tabèl periódiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Tableau périodique — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàula periòdica — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tàula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna" title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodic%C3%A3-a_elements%C3%A3lor" title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor — Aromanijski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavele_Periodiche" title="Tavele Periodiche — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tavele Periodiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Периодическая система химических элементов — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Периодическая система химических элементов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодічна сістема елементів — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Періодічна сістема елементів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्तसारणी — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आवर्तसारणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Периодтаах таабыл — Jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Периодтаах таабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica_de_is_elementos" title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos — Sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_piri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàvula piriòdica — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula piriòdica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Periodic cairt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوري جدول — Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دوري جدول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala%C5%A1_tabealla" title="Periodalaš tabealla — Severni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Periodalaš tabealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Severni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflwit_tazdawant_n_ifr%E1%B8%8Disn" title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn — tahelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව — Singaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Periodická tabuľka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Periodni sistem elementov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h" title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh — Inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapotera_cheNhangande_Dzakadevana" title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana — Šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwalka_Curiyayaasha" title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha — Somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_periodik_i_elementeve" title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Периодни систем — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периодни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiki_sistemi" title="Periodiki sistemi — Srananski tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Periodiki sistemi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Srananski tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafole_ya_periodiki" title="Tafole ya periodiki — Sesoto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tafole ya periodiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sesoto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_Tabelle" title="Periodiske Tabelle — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Periodiske Tabelle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Tabél periodik — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia" title="Mfumo radidia — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo radidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82%C5%8Fd_%C3%B4kresowy_elymynt%C5%8Dw" title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிம அட்டவணை — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிம அட்டவணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตารางธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiki_elementleri%C5%88_periodik_ulgamy" title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy — Turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talahanayang_peryodiko" title="Talahanayang peryodiko — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talahanayang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebol_bilong_ol_elemen" title="Tebol bilong ol elemen — Tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tebol bilong ol elemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyodik tablo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы — Tuvinijski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى — Ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодична система хімічних елементів — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Періодична система хімічних елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوری جدول — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوری جدول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_elementlar_davriy_sistemasi" title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dega" title="Tabeła periòdega — venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tabeła periòdega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C5%BEiden_elementoiden_periodine_tablut" title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng tuần hoàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_syst%C3%A8me" title="Periodiek système — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periodiek système" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints" title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints — Valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramdan_peryodika" title="Taramdan peryodika — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taramdan peryodika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%A0y%C3%A8_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADm%E1%BA%B9%CC%80nt%C3%AC" title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì — Jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzsoq_Couhgibyauj" title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj — Zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu-k%C3%AE-pi%C3%A1u" title="Chiu-kî-piáu — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiu-kî-piáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icansi_lezinhlwa" title="Icansi lezinhlwa — Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Icansi lezinhlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Periodni_sistem_elemenata" rel="discussion" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_table_(polyatomic).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/500px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/750px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/1000px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>Standardna forma periodne tabele</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Periodni sistem elemenata</b> je tabelarni prikaz <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">hemijskih elemenata</a>, organizovanih na osnovu njihovih <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskih brojeva</a> (broja <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a> u <a href="/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro">jezgru</a>), <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">elektronskoj konfiguraciji</a> i ponavljajućim <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_osobina" title="Hemijska osobina">hemijskim osobinama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Housecroft3rd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housecroft3rd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merck13th_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merck13th-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elementi su poređani po rastućem atomskom broju, koji se obično navodi sa <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_simbol" title="Hemijski simbol">hemijskim simbolom</a> u svakom polju. Standarni oblik tabele se sastoji od mreže elemenata poređanih u 18 kolona i 7 redova, sa dva reda elemenata ispod te tabele. Tabela se može podeliti na četiri pravougaona <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">bloka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">s-blok</a> nalevo, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">p-blok</a> nadesno, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">d-blok</a> u sredini i <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">f-blok</a> ispod njega. </p><p>Vrste tabele se nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata">periode</a>, a kolone se nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata">grupe</a>, a neke od kolona imaju posebna imena kao što su <a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">halogeni elementi</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gasovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti gasovi">plemeniti gasovi</a>. Pošto je po definiciji periodni sistem zasnovan na ponavljajućim trendovima, svaka takva tabela se može koristiti da se dobiju veze između osobina elemenata i predvide osobine novih, još neotkrivenih ili sintetizovanih elemenata. Zbog toga periodni sistem elemenata, bez obzira da li je u standarnom obliku ili u nekoj drugoj varijanti, pruža koristan okvir za analizu hemijskog ponašanja i široko se upotrebljava u <a href="/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija">hemiji</a> i u drugim naukama. </p><p>Iako su postojale prethodnice periodnog sistema, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendeljejev" title="Dmitrij Mendeljejev">Dmitriju Mendeljejevu</a> se uglavnom pripisuju zasluge za objavljivanje prve tabele široko priznatog periodnog sistema elemenata 1869. godine. On je razvio svoj periodni sistem da ilustruje periodične trendove u osobinama tada poznatih elemenata. Mendeljejev je takođe predvideo neke osobine tada nepoznatih elemenata od kojih se očekivalo da popune rupe u njegovoj tabeli. Većina njegovih predviđanja se pokazala tačnom kada su dotični elementi kasnije otkriveni. Mendeljejevljev periodni sistem je od tada proširivan i poboljšan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otkri%C4%87e_hemijskih_elemenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otkriće hemijskih elemenata (stranica ne postoji)">otkrićem ili sintetizovanjem novih elemenata</a> i razvojem novih teoretskih modela za objašnjenje hemijskih odlika. </p><p>Svi elementi od atomskih brojeva 1 (<a href="/wiki/Vodonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodonik">vodonik</a>) do 118 (<a href="/wiki/Ununoktijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoktijum">ununoktijum</a>) su otkriveni ili navodno sintezizovani, dok se elementi 113, 115, 117 i 118 još uvek moraju potvrditi. Prvih 98 elemenata postoje u prirodi, mada se neki mogu pronaći samo u tragovima ili su sintetizovani u laboratorijama pre nego što su pronađeni u prirodi. Elementi sa atomskim brojevima od 99 do 118 su samo sintetizovani ili se tvrdi da su sintetizovani. Dobijanje elemenata koji imaju veće atomske brojeve je izazov, dok se postavlja pitanje koliko se periodni sistem elemenata može modifikovati da se zadovolje bilo kakvi novi dodaci. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pregled">Pregled</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Pregled" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pregled"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div align="center"> <table style="width: 80%;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata"><b>grupa</b> →</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zemno-alkalni_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemno-alkalni metali"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="7. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="8. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>8</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="9. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>9</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>10</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti metali"><b>11</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="12. grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>12</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borova_grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Borova grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>13</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ugljenikova_grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljenikova grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>14</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azotova_grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Azotova grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>15</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiseonikova_grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiseonikova grupa hemijskih elemenata"><b>16</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi"><b>17</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gasovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti gasovi"><b>18</b></a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata"><b>perioda</b> ↓</a> </td> <td colspan="20"><br /> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/1._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="1. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:green;">1</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vodonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodonik">H</a> </td> <td colspan="16"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><span style="color:green;">2</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Helijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Helijum">He</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="2. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><span style="color:black;">3</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Litijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Litijum">Li</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><span style="color:black;">4</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Berilijum" title="Berilijum">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">5</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bor_(hemijski_element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bor (hemijski element)">B</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:black;">6</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik">C</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:green;">7</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Azot" class="mw-redirect" title="Azot">N</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:green;">8</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">O</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><span style="color:green;">9</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><span style="color:green;">10</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/3._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="3. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><span style="color:black;">11</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Natrijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Natrijum">Na</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><span style="color:black;">12</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Magnezijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnezijum">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">13</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminijum" title="Aluminijum">Al</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">14</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Silicijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicijum">Si</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:black;">15</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:black;">16</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">S</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><span style="color:green;">17</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">Cl</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><span style="color:green;">18</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/4._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="4. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><span style="color:black;">19</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kalijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalijum">K</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><span style="color:black;">20</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kalcijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalcijum">Ca</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">21</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Skandijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Skandijum">Sc</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">22</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Titanijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanijum">Ti</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">23</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadijum" title="Vanadijum">V</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">24</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">Cr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">25</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">26</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gvo%C5%BE%C4%91e" class="mw-redirect" title="Gvožđe">Fe</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">27</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">28</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">Ni</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">29</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bakar_(hemijski_element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (hemijski element)">Cu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">30</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Zn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">31</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Galijum" title="Galijum">Ga</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">32</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Germanijum" title="Germanijum">Ge</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">33</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><span style="color:black;">34</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><span style="color:blue;">35</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><span style="color:green;">36</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/5._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><span style="color:black;">37</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidijum" title="Rubidijum">Rb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><span style="color:black;">38</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum">Sr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">39</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Itrijum" title="Itrijum">Y</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">40</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">Zr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">41</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Niobijum" title="Niobijum">Nb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">42</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">43</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tehnicijum" title="Tehnicijum">Tc</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">44</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rutenijum" title="Rutenijum">Ru</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">45</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rodijum" title="Rodijum">Rh</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">46</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paladijum" title="Paladijum">Pd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">47</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">48</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kadmijum" title="Kadmijum">Cd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">49</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Indijum" title="Indijum">In</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">50</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Sn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">51</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">52</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><span style="color:black;">53</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><span style="color:green;">54</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/6._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><span style="color:black;">55</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cezijum" title="Cezijum">Cs</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><span style="color:black;">56</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Barijum" title="Barijum">Ba</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 191, 255);">*<br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">72</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hafnijum" title="Hafnijum">Hf</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">73</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tantalijum" title="Tantalijum">Ta</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">74</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">W</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">75</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Renijum" title="Renijum">Re</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">76</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Osmijum" title="Osmijum">Os</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">77</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Iridijum" title="Iridijum">Ir</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">78</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:black;">79</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:blue;">80</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Hg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">81</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Talijum" title="Talijum">Tl</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">82</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:black;">83</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><span style="color:black;">84</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Polonijum" title="Polonijum">Po</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><span style="color:black;">85</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><span style="color:green;">86</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/7._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" title="7. perioda hemijskih elemenata"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><span style="color:black;">87</span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Francijum" title="Francijum">Fr</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><span style="color:black;">88</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Radijum" title="Radijum">Ra</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 204);">**<br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">104</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Raderfordijum" title="Raderfordijum">Rf</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">105</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dubnijum" title="Dubnijum">Db</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">106</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Siborgijum" title="Siborgijum">Sg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">107</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Borijum" title="Borijum">Bh</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">108</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hasijum" title="Hasijum">Hs</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">109</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mitnerijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitnerijum">Mt</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">110</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatijum" title="Darmštatijum">Ds</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">111</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rendgenijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rendgenijum">Rg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><span style="color:red;">112</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kopernicijum" title="Kopernicijum">Cn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:red;">113</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ununtrijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtrijum">Uut</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:red;">114</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flerovijum" title="Flerovijum">Fl</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:red;">115<br /><a href="/wiki/Ununpentijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentijum">Uup</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><span style="color:red;">116<br /><a href="/wiki/Livermorijum" title="Livermorijum">Lv</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#fcfecc"><span style="color:gray;">117<br /><a href="/wiki/Ununseptijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptijum">Uus</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#ecfefc"><span style="color:gray;">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Ununoktijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoktijum">Uuo</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="21"><br /> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="4" align="right">* <b><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidi</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">57</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">58</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cerijum" title="Cerijum">Ce</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">59</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prazeodijum" title="Prazeodijum">Pr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">60</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Neodijum" title="Neodijum">Nd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:red;">61</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prometijum" title="Prometijum">Pm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">62</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Samarijum" title="Samarijum">Sm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">63</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Europijum" title="Europijum">Eu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">64</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinijum" title="Gadolinijum">Gd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">65</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Terbijum" title="Terbijum">Tb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">66</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Disprozijum" title="Disprozijum">Dy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">67</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Holmijum" title="Holmijum">Ho</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">68</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Erbijum" title="Erbijum">Er</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">69</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tulijum" title="Tulijum">Tm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">70</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Iterbijum" title="Iterbijum">Yb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><span style="color:black;">71</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lutecijum" title="Lutecijum">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="4" align="right">** <b><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">aktinoidi</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:black;">89</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aktinijum" title="Aktinijum">Ac</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:black;">90</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Torijum" title="Torijum">Th</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:black;">91</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Protaktinijum" title="Protaktinijum">Pa</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:black;">92</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Uranijum" title="Uranijum">U</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">93</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Neptunijum" title="Neptunijum">Np</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">94</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Plutonijum" title="Plutonijum">Pu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">95</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Americijum" title="Americijum">Am</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">96</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kirijum" title="Kirijum">Cm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">97</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Berklijum" title="Berklijum">Bk</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">98</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kalifornijum" title="Kalifornijum">Cf</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">99</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnijum" title="Ajnštajnijum">Es</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">100</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fermijum" title="Fermijum">Fm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">101</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mendeljevijum" title="Mendeljevijum">Md</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">102</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelijum" title="Nobelijum">No</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><span style="color:red;">103</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lorencijum" title="Lorencijum">Lr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table align="center"> <caption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serije_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serije periodnog sistema elemenata (stranica ne postoji)">Hemijske serije periodnog sistema elemenata</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali">alkalni metali</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Zemno-alkalni_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemno-alkalni metali">zemno-alkalni metali</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">aktinoidi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali">prelazni metali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Slabi_metali" title="Slabi metali">slabi metali</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Metaloidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaloidi">metaloidi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nemetali" title="Nemetali">nemetali</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">halogeni elementi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gasovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti gasovi">plemeniti gasovi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Značenje boja atomskih brojeva: </p> <ul><li>Elementi numerisani brojem obojenim u <span style="color:blue;">plavu boju</span> su u tečnom agregatnom stanju na <a href="/wiki/Standardna_temperatura_i_standardni_pritisak" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardna temperatura i standardni pritisak">standardnoj temperaturi i standardnom pritisku</a> (STP).</li> <li>numerisani brojem obojenim u <span style="color:green;">zeleno</span> su gasovitom agregatnom stanju na STP;</li> <li>numerisani brojem obojenim u <span style="color:black;">crno</span> su u čvrstom agregatnom stanju na STP;</li> <li>numerisani brojem obojenim u <span style="color:red;">crveno</span> su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ve%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dki_hemijski_elementi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veštački hemijski elementi (stranica ne postoji)">veštački</a> (svi su u čvrstom agregatnom stanju na STP).</li> <li>numerisani brojem obojenim u <span style="color:#808080;">sivo</span> još uvek nisu otkriveni (takođe imaju posvetljenu boju koja prikazuje u koju grupu hemijskih elemenata spadaju).</li></ul> <p>Sve verzije periodnog sistema obuhvataju samo hemijske elemente, a ne <a href="/wiki/Sme%C5%A1a" title="Smeša">smeše</a> <a href="/wiki/Hemijsko_jedinjenje" title="Hemijsko jedinjenje">jedinjenja</a>, ili <a href="/wiki/Subatomske_%C4%8Destice" title="Subatomske čestice">subatomske čestice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svaki hemijski element ima jedinstveni atomski broj koji označava broj protona u njegovom jezgru. Većina elemenata ima različite brojeve <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a> u različitim atomima, pri čemu se te varijante nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopima</a>. Na primer, ugljenik ima tri prirodna izotopa: svi njegovi atomi imaju šest protona i većina ima šest neutrona, ali oko jednog procenta ima sedam neutrona, i veoma mala frakcija ima osam neutrona. Izotopi se nikad ne razdvajaju u periodnom sistemu; oni se uvek zajedno grupišu kao jedan element. Elementi koji nemaju stabilne izotope imaju atomske mase najstabilnijih izotopa, i takve mase su navedene u zagradama.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U standardnom periodnom sistemu, elementi su poređani po atomskom broju (broju <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a> u <a href="/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro">jezgru</a> atoma). Novi red (<a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata"><i>perioda</i></a>) se počinje kad nova elektronska ljuska ima svoj prvi elektron. Kolone (<a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupa periodnog sistema"><i>grupe</i></a>) su određene <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">elektronskom konfiguracijom</a> atoma; elementi sa istim brojem elektrona u određenoj podljusci padaju u iste kolone (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonik</a> i <a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">selen</a> su u istoj koloni zato što oba imaju četiri elektrona u krajnjoj p-podljusci). Elementi sa sličnim hemijskim svojstvima generalno padaju u istu grupu periodnog sistema, mada u f-bloku, i donekle u d-bloku, elementi u istoj periodi isto tako imaju slična svojstva. Stoga je relativno lako da se predvide hemijske osobine elementa ako se znaju svojstva jednog od elemenata u njegovoj blizini.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Godine 2014. periodni sistem je imao 114 potvrđena elementa, čime su obuhvaćeni: 1 (vodonik) do 112 (<a href="/wiki/Kopernicijum" title="Kopernicijum">kopernicijum</a>), 114 (<a href="/wiki/Flerovijum" title="Flerovijum">flerovijum</a>) i 116 (<a href="/wiki/Livermorijum" title="Livermorijum">livermorijum</a>). Elementi 113, 115, 117 i 118 su navodno sintetizovani u laboratorijama međutim te tvrdnje nisu zvanično potvrđene od strane <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_unija_za_%C4%8Distu_i_primenjenu_hemiju" title="Međunarodna unija za čistu i primenjenu hemiju">Međunarodne unije za čistu i primenjenu hemiju</a> (IUPAC), niti su im data imena. Kao takvi ovi elementi su trenutno nazivaju po njihovom atomskim brojevima (e.g., "element 113"), ili njihovim provizionim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistematsko_ime_elementa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistematsko ime elementa (stranica ne postoji)">sistematskim imenima</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Ununtrijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtrijum">ununtrijum</a>", simbol "Uut").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ukupno 98 elemenata se prirodno javlja; preostalih 16 elemenata, od <a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnijum" title="Ajnštajnijum">ajnštajnijuma</a> do <a href="/wiki/Kopernicijum" title="Kopernicijum">kopernicijuma</a>, i flerovium i livermorijum, se javljaju samo nakon laboratorijske sinteze. Od 98 prirodnih elemenata, 84 su <a href="/wiki/Primordijalni_elementi" title="Primordijalni elementi">primordijalna</a>. Drugih 14 prirodnih elemenata se javljaju jedino u lancu raspadanja primordijalnih elemenata.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Element teži od ajnštajnijuma (elementa 99) nikad nije uočen u makroskopskim količinama u svojoj čistoj formi.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varijante_rasporeda">Varijante rasporeda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Varijante rasporeda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Varijante rasporeda"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" style="border:1px solid grey; max-width:40%; margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Periodic table layouts </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="border-right:1px solid grey;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_Table_overview_(standard).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Periodni sistem sa odvojenim f-blokom"><img alt="Periodni sistem sa odvojenim f-blokom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Periodic_Table_overview_%28standard%29.svg/138px-Periodic_Table_overview_%28standard%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Periodic_Table_overview_%28standard%29.svg/207px-Periodic_Table_overview_%28standard%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Periodic_Table_overview_%28standard%29.svg/275px-Periodic_Table_overview_%28standard%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Periodni sistem sa odvojenim f-blokom</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_Table_overview_(wide).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Periodni sistem sa umetnutim f-blokom"><img alt="Periodni sistem sa umetnutim f-blokom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Periodic_Table_overview_%28wide%29.svg/244px-Periodic_Table_overview_%28wide%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="244" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Periodic_Table_overview_%28wide%29.svg/368px-Periodic_Table_overview_%28wide%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Periodic_Table_overview_%28wide%29.svg/488px-Periodic_Table_overview_%28wide%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Periodni sistem sa umetnutim f-blokom</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:85%;">Lantanoidi i aktinoidi su odvojeni (levo; 18 kolona) i u glavnoj tabeli (desno; 32 kolone) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>U većini grafičkih prezentacija periodnog sistema, glavna tabela ima 18 kolona i <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">aktinoidi</a> su prikazani kao dva dodatna reda ispod glavne tabele,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sa dva rezervisana mesta prikazana u glavnoj tabeli, između <a href="/wiki/Barijum" title="Barijum">barijuma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hafnijum" title="Hafnijum">hafnijuma</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Radijum" title="Radijum">radijuma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Raderfordijum" title="Raderfordijum">raderfordijuma</a>, respektivno. Ovi držači mesta mogu dda budu markeri poput asteriska, ili sažeti opisi elemenata ("57–71"). Ta konvencija je u potpunosti stvar praktičnog formatiranja. Ista struktura tabele može da bude prikazana u formatu sa 32 kolone, pri čemu su lantanidi i aktinoidi u redovima 6 i 7 glavne tabele. </p><p>Međutim, na bazi hemijskih i fizičkih svojstava elemenata mogu se konstruisati tabele sa mnoštvom alternativnih struktura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metodi_grupisanja">Metodi grupisanja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Metodi grupisanja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Metodi grupisanja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grupe">Grupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Grupe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Grupe"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata">Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><i>Grupa</i> ili <i>familija</i> je vertikalna kolona u periodnom sistemu. Grupe obično imaju značajnije periodične trendove od perioda i blokova, kao što je objašnjeno u daljem tekstu. Moderne kvantno mehaničke teorije atomskih struktura objašnjavaju trendove grupa činjenicom da elementi unutar iste grupe generalno imaju iste elektronske konfiguracije u njihovoj <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">valentnoj ljusci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konsekventno, elementi u istoj grupi imaju slična hemijska svojstva i manifestuju jasan trend u osobinama sa porastom atomskog broja.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim u nekim delovima periodnog sistema, kao što su d-blok i f-blok, horizontalne sličnosti mogu da budu jednako važne, ili više izražene od vertikalnih sličnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Po međunarodnoj imenskoj konvenciji, grupe se numerišu od 1 do 18 sa leve strane (od alkalnih metala) do krajnje desne kolone (plemenitih gasova).<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ranije su bili korišćeni <a href="/wiki/Rimski_broj" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimski broj">rimski brojevi</a>. U Americi, rimskim brojevima je dodavano "A" ako je grupa u <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">s-</a> ili u <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">p-bloku</a>, ili "B" ako je grupa u <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">d-bloku</a>. Rimski brojevi su odgovarali zadnjoj cifri u današnjoj imenskoj konvenciji (e.g. <a href="/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata">elementi grupe 4</a> su bili grupa IVB, a <a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">elementi grupe 14</a> su bili grupa IVA). U Evropi je korišteno slično obeležavanje, izuzev da je "A" korišćeno ako je grupa bila pre <a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata">grupe 10</a>, a "B" je korišteno za grupe uključujući i iza grupe 10. Dodatno grupe 8, 9 i 10 su tretirane kao triplet-grupa , kolektivno poznata u obe notacije kao grupa VIII. Godine 1988, novi IUPAC imenski sistem je ušao u upotrebu, i ranije korištena imena grupa su postala zastarela.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nekim od tih grupa su data trivijalna (nesistematska) imena, kao što je prikazano u donjoj tabeli, mada se pojedina retko koriste. Grupe 3–10 nemaju trivijalna imena i oslovljavaju se jednostavno po njihovim grupnim brojevima ili po imenu prvog člana grupe (kao što je 'scandijumova grupa' za <a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">Grupu 3</a>), pošto one pozuju sličnosti i/ili vertikalne trendove u manjoj meri.<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elementi u istoj grupi obično slede patern u pogledu <a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">atomskog radijusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energije jonizacije</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">elektronegativnosti</a>. Idući od gore nadole u grupi, atomski radijusi elemenata se povećavaju. Pošto broj popunjenih energijskih nivoa raste, valentni elektroni se nalaze sve dalje od nukleusa. Idući od gore na dole, svaki sukcesivni element ima sve manju energiju jonizacije jer je lakše da se ukloni elektron. Slično tome, elementi grupe imaju idući od gore na dole sve manju elektronegativnost usled povećanja rastojanja imeđu valentnih elektrona i nukleusa.<sup id="cite_ref-For_Dummies_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-For_Dummies-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postoje izuzeci tih trendova, na primer u <a href="/wiki/11._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata">grupi 11</a> gde se elektronegativnost povećava idući naniže.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood30_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood30-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb" style="table-layout:fixed; margin:5px 5px 5px 0; clear:both; width:100%;"> <div style="table-layout:fixed; overflow:auto;"> <table class="collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; border:1px solid #a9a9a9; width:100%; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; ;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="21" style="padding:2px 0.5em; background:#d8d8d8"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556979">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556873">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Periodic_table_(group_names)" title="Šablon:Periodic table (group names)"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Periodic_table_(group_names)" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Periodic table (group names)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Periodic_table_(group_names)&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Grupe u <a class="mw-selflink selflink">periodnom sistemu</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_(periodni_sistem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupa (periodni sistem)">Broj grupe</a><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_IUPAC" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_IUPAC">[1]</a></sup></span> </td> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali">1</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalijski_metali" title="Zemnoalkalijski metali">2</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">3</a><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_group3" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_group3">[2]</a></sup></span> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata">4</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/5._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. grupa hemijskih elemenata">5</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/6._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. grupa hemijskih elemenata">6</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/7._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="7. grupa hemijskih elemenata">7</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/8._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="8. grupa hemijskih elemenata">8</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/9._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="9. grupa hemijskih elemenata">9</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata">10</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/11._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata">11</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/12._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="12. grupa hemijskih elemenata">12</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/13._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="13. grupa hemijskih elemenata">13</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">14</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/15._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata">15</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/16._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="16. grupa hemijskih elemenata">16</a> </th> <th style="background:#f1f1f1;"><a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">17</a> </th> <th style="background:#e1e1e1;"><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gas" title="Plemeniti gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendeljejev" title="Dmitrij Mendeljejev">Mendeljejev</a> <small>(I–VIII)</small> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">I </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">II </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">III </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IV </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">V </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VI </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VII </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;">VIII </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">I </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">II </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">III </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IV </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">V </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VI </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VII </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_group0" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_group0">[3]</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_(periodni_sistem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupa (periodni sistem)">CAS</a> <small>(SAD,</small><br /><small>patern A-B-A)</small> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IA </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IIA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IIIB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IVB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VIB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VIIB </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;">VIIIB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IIB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IIIA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IVA </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VIA </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VIIA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VIIIA </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_(periodni_sistem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupa (periodni sistem)">old IUPAC</a> <small>(Evropa,</small><br /><small>patern A-B)</small> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IA </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IIA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IIIA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IVA </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VA </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VIA </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VIIA </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;">VIII </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IIB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">IIIB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">IVB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">VIB </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">VIIB </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%; text-align:left; line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:111%; height:4.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivijalno_ime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trivijalno ime (stranica ne postoji)">Trivijalno ime</a> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Alkalni metali </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Zemnoalkalni metali </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Kovni metali<span class="reference"><sup id="ref_nonIUPAC" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_nonIUPAC">[4]</a></sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Isparljivi metali<span class="reference"><sup id="ref_nonIUPAC" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_nonIUPAC">[5]</a></sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Ikosageni<span class="reference"><sup id="ref_nonIUPAC" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_nonIUPAC">[6]</a></sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Kristalogeni<span class="reference"><sup id="ref_nonIUPAC" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_nonIUPAC">[7]</a></sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Pniktogeni </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Halkogeni </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Halogeni </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Plemeniti gasovi </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%; line-height:120%; text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:111%;">Ime po elementu </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Litijumova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Berilijumova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Skandijumova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Titanova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Vanadijumova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Hromova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Manganova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Gvožđeva grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Kobaltova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Niklova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Bakrova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Cinkova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Borova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Uglenikova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Azotova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Kiseonikova grupa </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;">Fluorova grupa </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;">Helijumova <i>ili</i> Neonova grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_1._periode" title="Elementi 1. periode">Perioda 1</a> </td> <td title="Vodonik: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vodonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodonik">H</a><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_hydrogen" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_hydrogen">[8]</a></sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td title="Helijum: noble gases" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Helijum">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_2._periode" title="Elementi 2. periode">Perioda 2</a> </td> <td title="Litijum: alkali metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Litijum">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilijum: alkaline earth metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilijum" title="Berilijum">Be</a> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td title="Bor: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" class="mw-disambig" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td title="Ugljenik: polyatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik">C</a> </td> <td title="Azot: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Azot" class="mw-redirect" title="Azot">N</a> </td> <td title="Kiseonik: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluor: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon: noble gases" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_3._periode" title="Elementi 3. periode">Perioda 3</a> </td> <td title="Natrijum: alkali metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Natrijum">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnezijum: alkaline earth metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnezijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnezijum">Mg</a> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;"> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td title="Aluminijum: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminijum" title="Aluminijum">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silicijum: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicijum">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosfor: polyatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td title="Sumpor: polyatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">S</a> </td> <td title="Hlor: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon: noble gases" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_4._periode" title="Elementi 4. periode">Perioda 4</a> </td> <td title="Kalijum: alkali metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalijum">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalcijum: alkaline earth metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalcijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalcijum">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1;"> </td> <td title="Skandijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Skandijum">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titan: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titan" class="mw-disambig" title="Titan">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadijum" title="Vanadijum">V</a> </td> <td title="Hrom: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Gvožđe: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gvo%C5%BE%C4%91e" class="mw-redirect" title="Gvožđe">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikal: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikal">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Bakar: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Cink: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galijum: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galijum" title="Galijum">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanijum: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanijum" title="Germanijum">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsenik: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenik">As</a> </td> <td title="Selen: polyatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td title="Brom: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton: noble gases" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_5._periode" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementi 5. periode">Perioda 5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidijum: alkali metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidijum" title="Rubidijum">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stroncijum: alkaline earth metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;"><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_group3" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_group3">[9]</a></sup></span> </td> <td title="Itrijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrijum" title="Itrijum">Y</a> </td> <td title="Cirkonijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobijum" title="Niobijum">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibden: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tehnecijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehnecijum">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenijum" title="Rutenijum">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodijum" title="Rodijum">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladijum" title="Paladijum">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Srebro: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmijum" title="Kadmijum">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indijum: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indijum" title="Indijum">In</a> </td> <td title="Kalaj: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telur: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a> </td> <td title="Jod: diatomic nonmetals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td title="Ksenon: noble gases" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_6._periode" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementi 6. periode">Perioda 6</a> </td> <td title="Cezijum: alkali metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff6666; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Cezijum" title="Cezijum">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barijum: alkaline earth metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffdead; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Barijum" title="Barijum">Ba</a> </td> <td style="font-size:95%; background:#ffbfff; padding:0 1px; width:*;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">La–Yb</a></span> </td> <td title="Lutecijum: lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffbfff; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Lutecijum" title="Lutecijum">Lu</a><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_group3" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_group3">[10]</a></sup></span> </td> <td title="Hafnijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnijum" title="Hafnijum">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantal: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Volfram: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Renijum" title="Renijum">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Osmijum" title="Osmijum">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Iridijum" title="Iridijum">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Zlato: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a> </td> <td title="Živa: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talijum: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Talijum" title="Talijum">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Olovo: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bizmut: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonijum: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Polonijum" title="Polonijum">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astat: metalloids" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccc99; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon: noble gases" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#c0ffff; border:none; min-width:4%;;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elementi_7._periode" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementi 7. periode">Perioda 7</a> </td> <td title="Francijum: alkali metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francijum" title="Francijum">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radijum: alkaline earth metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radijum" title="Radijum">Ra</a> </td> <td style="font-size:95%; background:#ff99cc; padding:0 1px;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">Ac–No</a></span> </td> <td title="Lorencijum: actinides" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lorencijum" title="Lorencijum">Lr</a><span class="reference"><sup id="ref_group3" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata#endnote_group3">[11]</a></sup></span> </td> <td title="Raderfordijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordijum" title="Raderfordijum">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnijum" title="Dubnijum">Db</a> </td> <td title="Siborgijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Siborgijum" title="Siborgijum">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Borijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Borijum" title="Borijum">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasijum" title="Hasijum">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerijum">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmštatijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatijum" title="Darmštatijum">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rentgenijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rentgenijum" title="Rentgenijum">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernicijum: transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicijum" title="Kopernicijum">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Ununtrijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ununtrijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtrijum">Uut</a> </td> <td title="Ununkvadijum: post-transition metals" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ununkvadijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununkvadijum">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Ununpentijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentijum">Uup</a> </td> <td title="Livermorijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorijum" title="Livermorijum">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ununseptijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptijum">Uus</a> </td> <td title="Ununoktijum: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; color:#000000; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ununoktijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoktijum">Uuo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_IUPAC"><sup>a</sup></span> Trenutni, moderni IUPAC brojevi grupa. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_group0"><sup>b</sup></span> Mada oni nisu bili uvršteni u Mendeljejevu originalnu tabelu, Mendeljev je kasnije (1902) prihvatio evidenciju za postojanje plemenitih gasova, i stavio ih je u zasebnu "grupu 0". </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_hydrogen"><sup>c</sup></span> Vodoni (H), mada je stavljen u koloni 1, ne pripada alkalnim metalima. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_group3"><sup>d</sup></span> Grupa 3: u zavisnosti od izvora, lutecijum (Lu) i lorencijum (Lr) mogu da budu uvršteni; lantanijum (La) i aktinijum (Ac) mogu da budu uvršteni; <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">f-blok</a> (sa 15 lantanida i 15 aktinoida) može da bude uvršten. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_nonIUPAC"><sup>e</sup></span> Ovo ime grupe nije preporučio IUPAC. </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periode">Periode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Periode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Periode"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata">Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><i>Perioda</i> je horizontalni red u periodnoj tabeli. Mada grupe generalno imaju značajnije periodične trendove, postoje regioni gde su horizontalni trendovi značajniji od trendova vertikalnih grupa, kao što je f-blok, u kom slučaju <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aktinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinoid">aktinoidi</a> formiraju dve znatne horizontalne serije elemenata.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elementi u istoj periodi ispoljavaju tredove u pogledu atomskog radijusa, energije jonizacije, <a href="/wiki/Afinitet_prema_elektronu" title="Afinitet prema elektronu">afiniteta elektrona</a>, i elektronegativnosti. Krečući se sa leva na desno duž periode, atomiski radius se obično snižava. Do toga dolazi zato što svaki sukcesivni element ima dodatni proton i elektron što ima za posledicu približavanje elektrona nukleusu.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smanjenje atomskog radijusa uzrokuje povišenje energije jonizacije idući s leva na desno duž periode. Što čvršće je element vezan to je više energije potrebno za uklanjanje elektrona. Elektronegativnost se povišava u istom maniru kao i energija jonizacije, zbog privlačenja elektrona od strane nukleusa.<sup id="cite_ref-For_Dummies_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-For_Dummies-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afinitet elektrona takođe pokazuje izvestan trend duž periode. Metali (na levoj strani periode) generalno imaju niži elektronski afinitet od nemetala (na desnoj strani periode), sa izuzetkom plemenitih gasova.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blokovi">Blokovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Blokovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Blokovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">Blok periodnog sistema elemenata</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_(32_column).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_%2832_column%29.svg/400px-Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_%2832_column%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_%2832_column%29.svg/600px-Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_%2832_column%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_%2832_column%29.svg/800px-Periodic_table_blocks_spdf_%2832_column%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1421" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Sa leva na desno: s-, f-, d-, p-blok u periodnom sistemu</figcaption></figure> <p>Specifični regioni periodnog sistema se nazivaju <i>blokovima</i> u skladu sa redosledom u kom su elektronske ljuske elemenata popunjene. Blokovi su nazvani po podljusci u kojoj „zadnji“ elektron teoretski boravi.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray12_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elementi_s-bloka" title="Elementi s-bloka">s-blok</a> se sastoji od prve dve grupe (alkalnih i zemnoalkalnih metala), kao i vodonika i helijuma. <a href="/wiki/Elementi_p-bloka" title="Elementi p-bloka">p-blok</a> se sastoji od zadnjih šest grupa, što su grupe 13 do 18 po IUPAC notaciji i sadrži između ostalog, sve <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">metaloide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elementi_d-bloka" title="Elementi d-bloka">d-blok</a> se sastoji od grupa 3 do 12 i sadrži sve <a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali">prelazne metale</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elementi_f-bloka" title="Elementi f-bloka">f-blok</a>, koji se često prikazuje ispod ostatka periodnog sistema, ne sadrži numerisane grupe i obuhvata lantanoide i aktinoide.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metali,_metaloidi_i_nemetali"><span id="Metali.2C_metaloidi_i_nemetali"></span>Metali, metaloidi i nemetali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Metali, metaloidi i nemetali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Metali, metaloidi i nemetali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_table_(metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals,_32_columns).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Periodic_table_%28metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals%2C_32_columns%29.png/300px-Periodic_table_%28metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals%2C_32_columns%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Periodic_table_%28metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals%2C_32_columns%29.png/450px-Periodic_table_%28metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals%2C_32_columns%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Periodic_table_%28metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals%2C_32_columns%29.png/600px-Periodic_table_%28metals%E2%80%93metalloids%E2%80%93nonmetals%2C_32_columns%29.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:none; background-color:#eee8aa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Metali, <span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:none; background-color:#cccc99; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> metaloidi, <span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:none; background-color:#b0e0e6; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> nemetali, i <span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:none; background-color:#e8e8e8; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> elementi sa nepozatim hemijskim svojstvima u periodnom sistemu. Različiti izvori nisu saglasni po pitanju klasifikacije dela tih elemenata.</figcaption></figure> <p>Na osnovu zajedničkih fizičkih i hemijskih svojstava, elementi se mogu klasifikovati u nekoliko kategorija: <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">metaloidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemetal">nemetali</a>. Metali su u opštem slučaju sjajne, visoko provodne čvrste materije koje formiraju legure jedan s drugim, i jonska jedinjenja (soli) sa nemetalima (izuzev <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gas" title="Plemeniti gas">plemenitih gasova</a>). Većina nemetala su obojeni ili bezbojni izolacioni gasovi; nemetali koji formiraju jedinjenja sa drugim nemetalima čine to putem <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentnog vezivanja</a>. Između metala i nemetala su metaloidi, koji imaju srednja ili mešovita svojstva.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metali i nemetali se dalje mogu klasifikovati u potkategorije koje pokazuju gradijent od metalnih do nemetalnih svojstava, idući s leva na desno u periodnom redu. Metali se dalje dele u visoko reaktivne alkalne metale, manje reaktivne zemljoalkalne metale, lantanoide i aktinoide, arhetipske prelazne metala, i fizički i hemijski slabe post-tranzicione metale. Nemetali se jednostavno dele u poliatomske nemetale, koji pošto su najbliži metaloidima pokazuju donekle metalni karacter; diatomske nemetale, koji su esencijalno nemetalni; i monatomske plemenite gasove, koji su nemetalni i skoro kompletno inertni. Specijalizovana grupiranja kao što su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refraktorni_metali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refraktorni metali (stranica ne postoji)">refraktorni metali</a> i <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti metali">plemeniti metali</a>, koja su podskup (u ovom slučaju) prelaznih metala, su isto tako poznata<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i povremeno korišćena.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Svrstavanje elemenata u kategorije i potkategorije na bazi zajedničkih svojstava je imperfektno. Postoji ceo spektar svojstava u svakoj kategoriji i nije teško naći preklapanja na granicama, kao što je to slučaj i sa mnogim drugim klasifikacionim šemama.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Berilijum" title="Berilijum">Berilijum</a> se, na primer, klasifikuje kao zemnoalkalni metal, mada njegova amfoterna hemija i tendencija da uglavnom formira kovalentna jedinjenja su atributi hemijski slabih ili post-tranzicionih metala. <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> se klasifikuje kao nemetal i plemeniti gas, iako on ima donekle katjonsku hemiju, koja je karakteristična za metale. Druge klasifikacione šeme su moguće, kao što je podela elemenata u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geohemijska_klasifikacija_elemenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geohemijska klasifikacija elemenata (stranica ne postoji)">mineraloške pojavne kategorije</a>, ili kristalizacione strukture. Kategorisanje elemenata na ovaj način datira još od 1869, kad je Hinrichs<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> napomenuo da jednostavne granične linije mogu da budu povučene u periodnom sistemu radi označavanja elemenata sa sličnim svojstvima, kao što su metali i nemetali, ili gasoviti elementi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periodni_trendovi">Periodni trendovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Periodni trendovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Periodni trendovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_trendovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodni trendovi (stranica ne postoji)">Periodni trendovi</a></i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronska_konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Elektronska konfiguracija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektronska konfiguracija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Klechkovski_rule.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Klechkovski_rule.svg/200px-Klechkovski_rule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Klechkovski_rule.svg/300px-Klechkovski_rule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Klechkovski_rule.svg/400px-Klechkovski_rule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Aproksimativni redosled po kome su ljuske i podljuske organizovane u poledu povećanja energije na osnovu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madelungovo_pravilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madelungovo pravilo (stranica ne postoji)">Madelungovog pravila</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Elektronska konfiguracija ili organizacija elektrona koji orbitiraju neutralne atome ispoljava ponavljajući patern ili periodičnost. Elektroni okupiraju serije <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronskih ljuski</a> (numerisanih kao ljuska 1, ljuska 2, itd). Svaka ljuska se sastoji od jedne ili više <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">orbitala</a> (imenovanih s, p, d, f i g). Sa porastom <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskog broja</a>, elektroni progresivno popunjavaju te nivoe i orbitale, manje ili više sledeći <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madelungovo_pravilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madelungovo pravilo (stranica ne postoji)">Madelungovo pravilo</a> ili pravilo energetskog uređivanja, kao što je prikazano na dijagramu. Elektronska konfiguracija <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neona</a>, na primer, je 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup> 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup> 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>. Sa atomskim brojem deset, neon ima dva elektrona na prvom nivou, i osam elektrona na drugom nivou — dva u <i>s</i> orbitali i šest u <i>p</i> orbitali. S perspektive periodnog sistema, kad prvi put elektron zauzme novi nivo, započinje se nova perioda. Takve pozicije su zauzete <a href="/wiki/Vodonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodonik">vodonikom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkalni metal">alkalnim metalima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chang2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_trends.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Periodic_trends.svg/300px-Periodic_trends.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Periodic_trends.svg/450px-Periodic_trends.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Periodic_trends.svg/600px-Periodic_trends.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Trendovi periodnog sistema (strelice označavaju povećanja)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pošto su svojstva elementa uglavnom određena njegovom elektronskom konfiguracijom, osobine elemenata takođe imaju ponavljajuće ili periodične trendove. Neki primeri toga su prikazani na donjim dijagramima za atomske radijuse, energiju jonizacije i elektronski afinitet. Manifestacije tih periodičnih svojstava su bile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (stranica ne postoji)">poznate daleko pre</a> razvoja <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">teorije</a>, i one su dovele do formulisanja zakona periodičnosti (ponavljanja svojstava elemenata u varirajućim intervalima) i formulisanja prvih periodnih sistema.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chang2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atomski_radijusi">Atomski radijusi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Atomski radijusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Atomski radijusi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">Atomski radijus</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png/300px-Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png/450px-Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png/600px-Empirical_atomic_radius_trends.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Atomski radijus kao funkcija atomskog broja<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Atomski radijusi variraju u predvidivom i objašnjivom maniru duž periodnog sistema. Na primer, radijusi se generalno smanjuju duž periode u tabeli, idući od alkalnih metala do plemenitih gasova; i povećavaju se idući niz grupe. Radius se naglo povećava nakon plemenitog gasa na kraju svake periode i alkalnog metala na početku sledeće periode. Ovi trendovi atomskih radijusa (i raznih drugih hemijskih i fizičkih svojstava elemenata) se mogu objasniti teorijom elektronskih nivoa atoma; oni pružaju značajnu evidenciju za razvoj i potvrđivanje <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantne teorije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood27_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood27-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elektroni u na 4f-podnivou, koji se progresivno popunjava idući od <a href="/wiki/Cerijum" title="Cerijum">cerijuma</a> (elementa 58) do <a href="/wiki/Iterbijum" title="Iterbijum">iterbijuma</a> (elementa 70), nisu posebno efektivni u zaštićivanju rastućeg nuklearnog naelektrisanja iz isturenijih podnivoa. Elementi neposredno iza lantanoida imaju atomske radijuse koji su manji nego što bi očekivalo i koji su skoro identični sa atomskim radijusima elemenata neposredno iznad njih.<sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_contract_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly_contract-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stoga <a href="/wiki/Hafnijum" title="Hafnijum">hafnijum</a> ima virtualno isti atomski radijus (i hemijska svojstva) kao <a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">cirkonijum</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Tantal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantal">tantal</a> ima atomski radijus sličan <a href="/wiki/Niobijum" title="Niobijum">niobijumu</a>, i tako dalje. Ova pojava je poznata kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lantanoidna_kontrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lantanoidna kontrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">lantanoidna kontrakcija</a>. Efekat lantanidne kontrakcije je primetan do <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platine</a> (elementa 78), nakon čega je maskiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativisti%C4%8Dka_kvantna_hemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativistička kvantna hemija (stranica ne postoji)">relativističkim efektom</a> poznatim kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efekat_inertnog_para&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efekat inertnog para (stranica ne postoji)">efekat inertnog para</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood28_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood28-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrakcija_d-bloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrakcija d-bloka (stranica ne postoji)">Kontrakcija d-bloka</a>, koja je slična efektu između <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">d-bloka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">p-bloka</a>, je manje izražena nego lantanoidna kontrakcija, mada proizilazi iz sličnih uzroka.<sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_contract_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly_contract-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energija_jonizacije">Energija jonizacije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Energija jonizacije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Energija jonizacije"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:First_Ionization_Energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/First_Ionization_Energy.svg/langsh-500px-First_Ionization_Energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/First_Ionization_Energy.svg/langsh-750px-First_Ionization_Energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/First_Ionization_Energy.svg/langsh-1000px-First_Ionization_Energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption>Energija jonizacije: svaki period počinje sa minimumom za alkalne metale, i završava se maksimumom for the noble gases</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">Energija jonizacije</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Prva energija jonizacije je energija koja je neophodna za uklanjanje prvog elektrona iz atoma, druga energija jonizacije je energija neophodna za uklanjanje drugog elektrona iz atoma, itd. Za dati atom, sukcesivne energije jonizacije se povećavaju sa stepenom jonizacije. Veliki skokovi u uzastopnim molarnim energijama jonizacije se javljaju pri uljanjanju elektrona iz konfiguracije plemenitih gasova (kompletiranih elektronskih ljuski). Za magnezijum na primer, prva energija jonizacije je 738 kJ/mol, a druga je 1450 kJ/mol. Prve dve molarne energije jonizacije magnezijuma se odnose na uklanjanje dva 3<i>s</i> elektrona, a treća energija jonizacije bi bila daleko veća 7730 kJ/mol, jer bi se odstanjivao 2<i>p</i> elektron iz veoma stabilne konfiguracije Mg<sup>2+</sup> jona, koja je slična <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neonu</a>. Istovetni skokovi se javljaju u energijama jonizacije u drugih atoma treće periode.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood28_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood28-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elektroni u bližim orbitalama su izloženi većim silama elektrostatičkog privlačenja; tako da je za njihovo uklanjanje potrebno više energije. Energija jonizacije se povećava idući na gore i na desno u periodnom sistemu.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood28_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood28-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Elektronegativnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektronegativnost"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost </a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png/300px-Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png/450px-Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png/600px-Periodic_variation_of_Pauling_electronegativities.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Grafikon prikazuje porast elektronegativnosti sa porastom broja grupe</figcaption></figure> <p>Elektronegativnost je tendencija <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> da privlači <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-definition_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elektonegativnost atoma je zavisna od njegovog <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskog broja</a> i rastojanaja između <a href="/wiki/Valentni_elektron" title="Valentni elektron">valentnih elektrona</a> i nukleusa. Što je veća njegova elektronegativnost, to više element privlači elektrone. Ovo svojstvo je prvi predložio <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> 1932. godine.<sup id="cite_ref-paulingJACS_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paulingJACS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U opštem slučaju, elektronegativnost se povećava idući s leva na desno duž periode, i smanjuje se spuštanjem niz grupe. Fluor najelektronegativniji element,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dok je <a href="/wiki/Cezijum" title="Cezijum">cezijum</a> najmanje elektronegativan, bar među elementima sa znatnom količinom dostupnih podataka.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood30_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood30-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postoje neki izuzeci od ovog opšteg pravila. <a href="/wiki/Galijum" title="Galijum">Galijum</a> i <a href="/wiki/Germanijum" title="Germanijum">germanijum</a> imaju veću elektronegativnost od <a href="/wiki/Aluminijum" title="Aluminijum">aluminijuma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Silicijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicijum">silicijuma</a> respektivno, zbog kontrakcije d-bloka. Elementi četvrte periode neposredno nakon prvog reda prelaznih metala imaju neobično male atomske radijuse zato što 3<i>d</i> - elektroni nisu efektivni u zaštićivanju naelektrisanja nukleusa, i manja veličina atoma je u korelaciji sa povećanom elektronegativnošću.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood30_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood30-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anomalno visoka elektronegativnost olova, posebno u odnosu na <a href="/wiki/Talijum" title="Talijum">talijum</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">bizmut</a>, čini se da je artefakt selekcije podataka (i dostupnosti podataka) — metode računja, izuzev Polingovog metoda, pokazuju normalne periodične trendove za ove elemente.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronski_afinitet">Elektronski afinitet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Elektronski afinitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektronski afinitet"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_afinitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronski afinitet">Elektronski afinitet</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg/langsh-400px-Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg/langsh-600px-Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg/langsh-800px-Electron_affinity_of_the_elements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Zavisnot elektronskog afiniteta od atomskog broja.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vrednosti se generalno povećavaju duž svake periode, kulminirajući sa halogenima, pre naglog smanjenja kod plemenitih gasova. Primeri lokalizovanih pikova koji su uočljivi kod vodonika, alkalnih metala i <a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata">elemenata 11. grupe</a> su uzrokovani tendencijom kompletiranja <i>s</i>-orbitala (pri čemu je 6<i>s</i> orbitala <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlata</a> dodatno stabilizovana relativističkim efektima i prisustvom popunjene 4f orbitale).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Elektronski afinitet atoma je količina energije koja se oslobodi dodavanjem elektrona u neutralni atom, čime se formira negativni jon. Mada elektronski afinitet znatno varira, izvesni obrasci su primetni. Generalno, <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemetal">nemetali</a> imaju pozitivnije vrednosti elektronskog afiniteta od <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metala</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">Hlor</a> najjače privlači dodatni elektron. Elektronski afiniteti plemenitih gasova nisu nepobitno izmereni, tako da oni možda imaju neznatno negativne vrednosti.<sup id="cite_ref-chang_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elektronski afinitet se generalno povećava duž periode. To je uzrokovano popunjavanjem valentne ljuske atoma; atom grupe 17 otpušta više energije od atoma grupe 1 pri zadobijanju elektrona, zato što dobija popunjenu valentnu ljusku i stoga je stabilniji.<sup id="cite_ref-chang_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trend smanjivanja elektronskog afiniteta idući niz grupe je logičan. Dodatni elektron ulazi u orbitale koje su udaljenije od nukleusa. Kao takav taj elektron u manjoj meri privlači nukleus i manje energije se otpušta njegovim dodavanjem. Međutim, pri kretanju nih grupe, oko jedne trećine elemenata pokazuje anomalna svojstva, pri čemu teži elementi imaju veće elektronske afinitete od njihovih susednih lakših kongenera. Ta pojava je uglavnom posledica nedovoljnog zaštićivanja <i>d</i> i <i>f</i> elektronima. Uniformno smanjenje elektronskog afiniteta je primetno jedino u 1. grupi atoma.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalni_karakter">Metalni karakter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Metalni karakter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Metalni karakter"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Što je niža vrednost energije jonizacije, elektronegativnosti i elektronskog afiniteta, to u većoj meri element ima <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalni</a> karakter. Nasuprot tome, nemetalni karakter se povećava sa povećanjem vrednosti tih svojstava.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imajući u vidu periodične trendove te tri osobine, metalni karakter ima tendeciju opadanja duž periode (ili reda). Postoje izvesne iregularnosti, uglavnom zbog slabe zaštite nukleusa <i>d</i> i <i>f</i> elektronima, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativisti%C4%8Dka_kvantna_hemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativistička kvantna hemija (stranica ne postoji)">relativističkih efekata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elementi sa najizraženijim metalnim karakterom (poput <a href="/wiki/Cezijum" title="Cezijum">cezijuma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Francijum" title="Francijum">francijuma</a>) su u donjem levom uglu periodnog sistema, a nemetalni elementi (<a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">hlor</a>) su prevashodno u gornjem desnom uglu. Kombinacija horizontalnih i vertikalnih trendova u ispoljavanju metalnog karaktera objašnjava rebrastu liniju podele između metala i nemetala u nekim periodnim sistemima, i praksu da se ponekad elementi pored te linije smatraju <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">metaloidima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorija_periodnog_sistema_hemijskih_elemenata">Istorija periodnog sistema hemijskih elemenata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Istorija periodnog sistema hemijskih elemenata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Istorija periodnog sistema hemijskih elemenata"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iako je sastavljanje periodnog sistema nešto što se rutinski pripisuje <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendeljejev" title="Dmitrij Mendeljejev">Mendeljejevu</a>, periodizacija i sistematizacija elemenata ima znatno dužu istoriju.<sup id="cite_ref-Housecroft3rd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housecroft3rd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merck13th_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merck13th-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Već u 17. veku, tačnije <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>. godine, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bojl" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bojl">Robert Bojl</a> je poređao tada poznatih 13 <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">elemenata</a> po rastućoj <a href="/wiki/Relativna_atomska_masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativna atomska masa">relativnoj atomskoj masi</a>, dok će ovaj sistem proširiti <a href="/wiki/Antoan_Lavoazje" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoan Lavoazje">Lavoazje</a> sa dodatnih 11 elemenata. </p><p>Za ovo vreme značajna otkrića na polju hemije i fizike, omogućila su otkrivanje i imenovanje novih elemenata, tako da je potreba za klasifikacijom tog rastućeg broja poznatih elemenata postajala sve očiglednija. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Debernajer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Debernajer (stranica ne postoji)">Johan Debernajer</a>, kao odgovor na ovu potrebu, formira sistem elemenata koji su bili poređani u trijade, po zajedničkim osobinama, i tako da relativna atomska masa srednjeg elementa trijade bude aritmetička sredina gornjeg i donjeg. Sličnu sistematizaciju dao je i francuz <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_%C5%A0akankurtua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Šakankurtua (stranica ne postoji)">de Šakankurtua</a>, koji je došao na ideju da elemente, po rastućoj relativnoj atomskoj masi poređa u spiralu obmotanu oko valjka. </p><p>Svakako najozbiljni pomak ka današnjem periodnom sistemu, pre Mendeljeva dao je <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BEon_Njulends&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Džon Njulends (stranica ne postoji)">Džon Njulends</a> koji je prema ugledu na muzičke oktave, dao periodni sistem sa elementima poređanim u oktave, tako da se osobine periodično ponavljaju nakon svakih 7 elemenata. U vertikalnim kolonama, elementi su bili poređani po porastu <a href="/wiki/Relativna_atomska_masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativna atomska masa">Ar</a>, dok su horizontalne vrste bile uslovljene sličnošću u osobinama. </p><p>Ipak rad <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendeljejev" title="Dmitrij Mendeljejev">Mendeljejeva</a> na periodzaciji elemenata ostao je zapamćen kao najvažniji, nemalo zato što je njegovo rešenje periodnog sistema zaista bilo najadekvatnije. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>. on daje prvu verziju periodnog sistema sa rasporedom elemenata sličnim onom kod Njulendsa. Ovakav raspored Mendeljejev je uslovio zakonom periodičnosti koji je dao po kome su <i>fizičke i hemijske osobine elemenata periodične funkcije njihove relativne atomske mase</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>. Mendeljev daje drugu, reformisanu verziju periodnog sistema koja se temeljila na izmeni koju je Mendeljejev napravio u zakonu periodičnosti. Naime, on je primetio da su <i>osobine hemijskih elemenata zapravo periodične funkcije njihovih <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">rednih brojeva</a></i>. Reformisani periodni sistem imao je elemente podeljene u vertikalne nizove - <b>grupe</b> - koje su sadržale elemente sličnih osobina i horizontalne nizove - <b>periode</b> - koje su imale elemente poređane po rastućem rednom broju, i u kojima su su osobine iz prethodnog niza periodično ponavljale. Grupa je u početku bilo 8, prvih 7 su imale podgrupe dok je osma bila podeljena u trijade. Perioda je bilo sedam, i sistem nije sadržao <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gasovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti gasovi">plemenite gasove</a>. Mendeljejev je takođe predvideo postojanje elemenata sa drugim atomskim masama koji još nisu bili otkriveni, ali je na osnovu zakona periodičnosti za njih ostavio odgovarajuća mesta. </p><p>Danas se ova periodičnost objašnjava periodičnošću javljanja sličnih elektronskih konfiguracija u odgovarajućim atomima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Napomene">Napomene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Napomene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Napomene"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neke tabele sadrže element nulu (i.e. szostancuja koja se sastoji samo od neutrona), mada to nije uobičajeno. Pogledajte na primer Hemijsku galakciju Filipa Stjuarta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Postoje jedna nedosljednost i neke nepravilnosti u ovoj konvenciji. Na primer, <a href="/wiki/Helijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Helijum">helijum</a> je prikazan da je u p-bloku mada je zapravo element s-bloka, i d-podljuska u d-bloku je zapravo popunjena kad se dosegne grupa 11, umesto grupe 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_gasovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti gasovi">Plemeniti gasovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">astat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francijum" title="Francijum">francijum</a>, i svi elementi teži od <a href="/wiki/Americijum" title="Americijum">americijuma</a> su izostavljeni, jer podaci o njim nisu dostupni.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dok je fluor najelektronegativniji element po Paulingovoj skali, dok je <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> najelektronegativniji element po drugim skalama, kao što je Alenova skala.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556849"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Housecroft3rd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Housecroft3rd_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Housecroft3rd_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Housecroft C. E., Sharpe A. G. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Housecroft-Inorganic-Chemistry-3e/9780131755536.page"><i>Inorganic Chemistry</i></a> (3rd izd.). Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-13-175553-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-13-175553-6">978-0-13-175553-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Housecroft+C.+E.%2C+Sharpe+A.+G.&rft.au=Housecroft+C.+E.%2C+Sharpe+A.+G.&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.isbn=978-0-13-175553-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pearsonhighered.com%2Feducator%2Fproduct%2FHousecroft-Inorganic-Chemistry-3e%2F9780131755536.page&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Lide David R., ur. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbcpnetbase.com"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (87th izd.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 0-8493-0487-3.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=87th&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbcpnetbase.com&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merck13th-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Merck13th_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Merck13th_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Susan Budavari, ur. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merckbooks.com/mindex/online.html"><i>The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals</i></a> (13th izd.). Merck Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-911910-13-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-911910-13-1">0-911910-13-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Merck+Index%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Chemicals%2C+Drugs%2C+and+Biologicals&rft.date=2001&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Merck+Publishing&rft.isbn=0-911910-13-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merckbooks.com%2Fmindex%2Fonline.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood, pp. 24–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Koppenol, W. H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0787.pdf">„Naming of New Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)”</a> (PDF). <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> <b>74</b> (5): 787–791. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200274050787">10.1351/pac200274050787</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0033-4545">0033-4545</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Naming+of+New+Elements+%28IUPAC+Recommendations+2002%29&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Koppenol&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rft.au=Koppenol%2C%26%2332%3BW.+H.&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=787%E2%80%93791&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351%2Fpac200274050787&rft.issn=0033-4545&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F2002%2Fpdf%2F7405x0787.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-emsley_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Emsley, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4"><i>Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</i></a> (New izd.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-960563-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-960563-7">978-0-19-960563-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Emsley%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2011&rft.edition=New&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-960563-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFHaire2006">Haire, Richard G. (2006). „Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium and Lawrencium”. u: Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i> (3rd izd.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-4020-3555-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-4020-3555-1">1-4020-3555-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fermium%2C+Mendelevium%2C+Nobelium+and+Lawrencium&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+of+the+Actinide+and+Transactinide+Elements&rft.aulast=Haire&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft.au=Haire%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+G.&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3rd&rft.place=Dordrecht%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.isbn=1-4020-3555-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scerri 2007, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Messler, R. W. (2010). <i>The essence of materials for engineers</i>. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. str. 32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-7637-7833-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-7637-7833-8">0-7637-7833-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+essence+of+materials+for+engineers&rft.aulast=Messler&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft.au=Messler%2C%26%2332%3BR.+W.&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B32&rft.place=Sudbury%2C+MA&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.isbn=0-7637-7833-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Bagnall, K. W. (1967). „Recent advances in actinide and lanthanide chemistry”. u: Fields, P.R.; Moeller, T.. <i>Advances in chemistry, Lanthanide/Actinide chemistry</i>. Advances in Chemistry. <b>71</b>. American Chemical Society. str. 1–12. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fba-1967-0071">10.1021/ba-1967-0071</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-8412-0072-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-8412-0072-6">0-8412-0072-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recent+advances+in+actinide+and+lanthanide+chemistry&rft.atitle=Advances+in+chemistry%2C+Lanthanide%2FActinide+chemistry&rft.aulast=Bagnall&rft.aufirst=K.+W.&rft.au=Bagnall%2C%26%2332%3BK.+W.&rft.date=1967&rft.series=Advances+in+Chemistry&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B1%E2%80%9312&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fba-1967-0071&rft.isbn=0-8412-0072-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Day, M. C., Jr.; Selbin, J. (1969). <i>Theoretical inorganic chemistry</i> (2nd izd.). New York: Nostrand-Rienhold Book Corporation. str. 103. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-7637-7833-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-7637-7833-8">0-7637-7833-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theoretical+inorganic+chemistry&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=M.+C.%2C+Jr.&rft.au=Day%2C%26%2332%3BM.+C.%2C+Jr.&rft.au=Selbin%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.date=1969&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B103&rft.edition=2nd&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nostrand-Rienhold+Book+Corporation&rft.isbn=0-7637-7833-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Holman, J.; Hill, G. C. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryinconte00unse"><i>Chemistry in context</i></a> (5th izd.). Walton-on-Thames: Nelson Thornes. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryinconte00unse/page/40">40</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-17-448276-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-17-448276-0">0-17-448276-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+in+context&rft.aulast=Holman&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Holman%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Hill%2C%26%2332%3BG.+C.&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryinconte00unse%2Fpage%2F40+40%5D&rft.edition=5th&rft.place=Walton-on-Thames&rft.pub=Nelson+Thornes&rft.isbn=0-17-448276-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryinconte00unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_16-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_16-1">15,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Leigh, G. J. (1990). <i>Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: Recommendations 1990</i>. Blackwell Science. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-632-02494-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-632-02494-1">0-632-02494-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%3A+Recommendations+1990&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rft.au=Leigh%2C%26%2332%3BG.+J.&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=Blackwell+Science&rft.isbn=0-632-02494-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Fluck, E. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf">„New Notations in the Periodic Table”</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> (<a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>) <b>60</b> (3): 431–436. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac198860030431">10.1351/pac198860030431</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24 March 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Notations+in+the+Periodic+Table&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Fluck&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Fluck%2C%26%2332%3BE.&rft.date=1988&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=431%E2%80%93436&rft.pub=%5B%5BInternational+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry%7CIUPAC%5D%5D&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351%2Fpac198860030431&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F1988%2Fpdf%2F6003x0431.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-For_Dummies-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-For_Dummies_18-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-For_Dummies_18-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood30-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood30_19-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood30_19-1">18,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood30_19-2">18,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Stoker, Stephen H. (2007). <i>General, organic, and biological chemistry</i>. New York: Houghton Mifflin. str. 68. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-618-73063-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-618-73063-6">978-0-618-73063-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/52445586">52445586</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General%2C+organic%2C+and+biological+chemistry&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.&rft.au=Stoker%2C%26%2332%3BStephen+H.&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B68&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.isbn=978-0-618-73063-6&rft_id=info:oclcnum/52445586&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Mascetta, Joseph (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryeasyway00masc"><i>Chemistry The Easy Way</i></a> (4th izd.). New York: Hauppauge. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryeasyway00masc/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7641-1978-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7641-1978-1">978-0-7641-1978-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/52047235">52047235</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+The+Easy+Way&rft.aulast=Mascetta&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Mascetta%2C%26%2332%3BJoseph&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryeasyway00masc%2Fpage%2F50+50%5D&rft.edition=4th&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hauppauge&rft.isbn=978-0-7641-1978-1&rft_id=info:oclcnum/52047235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryeasyway00masc&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Kotz, John; Treichel, Paul; Townsend, John (2009). <i>Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Volume 2</i> (7th izd.). Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole. str. 324. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-495-38712-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-495-38712-1">978-0-495-38712-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/220756597">220756597</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+and+Chemical+Reactivity%2C+Volume+2&rft.aulast=Kotz&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Kotz%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.au=Treichel%2C%26%2332%3BPaul&rft.au=Townsend%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B324&rft.edition=7th&rft.place=Belmont&rft.pub=Thomson+Brooks%2FCole&rft.isbn=978-0-495-38712-1&rft_id=info:oclcnum/220756597&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray12-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gray12_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Jones, Chris (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dfblockchemistry0000jone"><i>d- and f-block chemistry</i></a>. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dfblockchemistry0000jone/page/2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-471-22476-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-471-22476-1">978-0-471-22476-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/300468713">300468713</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=d-+and+f-block+chemistry&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Jones%2C%26%2332%3BChris&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdfblockchemistry0000jone%2Fpage%2F2+2%5D&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=J.+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=978-0-471-22476-1&rft_id=info:oclcnum/300468713&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdfblockchemistry0000jone&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Silberberg, M. S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistrymolecul0000silb_p2y5"><i>Chemistry: The molecular nature of matter and change</i></a> (4th izd.). New York: McGraw-Hill. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistrymolecul0000silb_p2y5/page/536">536</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-07-111658-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-07-111658-3">0-07-111658-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+The+molecular+nature+of+matter+and+change&rft.aulast=Silberberg&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.au=Silberberg%2C%26%2332%3BM.+S.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistrymolecul0000silb_p2y5%2Fpage%2F536+536%5D&rft.edition=4th&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.isbn=0-07-111658-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistrymolecul0000silb_p2y5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Manson, S. S.; Halford, G. R. (2006). <i>Fatigue and durability of structural materials</i>. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. str. 376. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-87170-825-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-87170-825-6">0-87170-825-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatigue+and+durability+of+structural+materials&rft.aulast=Manson&rft.aufirst=S.+S.&rft.au=Manson%2C%26%2332%3BS.+S.&rft.au=Halford%2C%26%2332%3BG.+R.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B376&rft.place=Materials+Park%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.isbn=0-87170-825-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Bullinger, Hans-Jörg (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologyguidep0000unse"><i>Technology guide: Principles, applications, trends</i></a>. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologyguidep0000unse/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-540-88545-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-540-88545-0">978-3-540-88545-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+guide%3A+Principles%2C+applications%2C+trends&rft.aulast=Bullinger&rft.aufirst=Hans-J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Bullinger%2C%26%2332%3BHans-J%C3%B6rg&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnologyguidep0000unse%2Fpage%2F8+8%5D&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.isbn=978-3-540-88545-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnologyguidep0000unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Jones, B. W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plutosentinelofo00jone"><i>Pluto: Sentinel of the outer solar system</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plutosentinelofo00jone/page/169">169</a>–71. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-19436-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-19436-5">978-0-521-19436-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluto%3A+Sentinel+of+the+outer+solar+system&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=B.+W.&rft.au=Jones%2C%26%2332%3BB.+W.&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplutosentinelofo00jone%2Fpage%2F169+169%5D%E2%80%9371&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19436-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplutosentinelofo00jone&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Hinrichs, G. D. (1869). „On the classification and the atomic weights of the so-called chemical elements, with particular reference to Stas's determinations”. <i>Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science</i> <b>18</b> (5): 112–124.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+classification+and+the+atomic+weights+of+the+so-called+chemical+elements%2C+with+particular+reference+to+Stas%27s+determinations&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.aulast=Hinrichs&rft.aufirst=G.+D.&rft.au=Hinrichs%2C%26%2332%3BG.+D.&rft.date=1869&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=112%E2%80%93124&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Myers_31-0">29,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Myers_31-1">29,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Myers, R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basicsofchemistr0000myer_e0r6"><i>The basics of chemistry</i></a>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basicsofchemistr0000myer_e0r6/page/61">61</a>–67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-313-31664-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-313-31664-3">0-313-31664-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+basics+of+chemistry&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Myers%2C%26%2332%3BR.&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasicsofchemistr0000myer_e0r6%2Fpage%2F61+61%5D%E2%80%9367&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=0-313-31664-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasicsofchemistr0000myer_e0r6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chang2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chang2_32-0">30,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chang2_32-1">30,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Chang, Raymond (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry0000chan"><i>Chemistry</i></a> (7 izd.). New York: McGraw-Hill. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry0000chan/page/289">289</a>–310; 340–42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-07-112072-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-07-112072-6">0-07-112072-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=Chang%2C%26%2332%3BRaymond&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistry0000chan%2Fpage%2F289+289%5D%E2%80%93310%3B+340%E2%80%9342&rft.edition=7&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.isbn=0-07-112072-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistry0000chan&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood27-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood27_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jolly_contract-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_contract_35-0">32,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_contract_35-1">32,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="citation book">Jolly, W. L. (1991). <i>Modern Inorganic Chemistry</i> (2nd izd.). McGraw-Hill. str. 22. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-07-112651-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-07-112651-9">978-0-07-112651-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=W.+L.&rft.au=Jolly%2C%26%2332%3BW.+L.&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B22&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.isbn=978-0-07-112651-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood28-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood28_36-0">33,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood28_36-1">33,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood28_36-2">33,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-definition-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-definition_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_unija_za_%C4%8Distu_i_primenjenu_hemiju" title="Međunarodna unija za čistu i primenjenu hemiju">Međunarodna unija za čistu i primenjenu hemiju</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01990.html">Electronegativity</a>". <i>Kompendijum Hemijske Terminologije</i> Internet edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paulingJACS-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-paulingJACS_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling, L.</a> (1932). „The Nature of the Chemical Bond. IV. The Energy of Single Bonds and the Relative Electronegativity of Atoms”. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i> <b>54</b> (9): 3570–3582. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01348a011">10.1021/ja01348a011</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+the+Chemical+Bond.+IV.+The+Energy+of+Single+Bonds+and+the+Relative+Electronegativity+of+Atoms&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.aulast=Pauling%2C+L.&rft.au=Pauling%2C+L.&rft.date=1932&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=3570%E2%80%933582&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fja01348a011&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Allred, A. L. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022190261801425">„Electronegativity values from thermochemical data”</a>. <i>Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry</i> (Northwestern University) <b>17</b> (3–4): 215–221. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-1902%2861%2980142-5">10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11 June 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electronegativity+values+from+thermochemical+data&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inorganic+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft.au=Allred%2C%26%2332%3BA.+L.&rft.date=1960&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=215%E2%80%93221&rft.pub=Northwestern+University&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0022-1902%2861%2980142-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2F0022190261801425&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huheey, Keiter & Keiter, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Siekierski, Slawomir; Burgess, John (2002). <i>Concise chemistry of the elements</i>. Chichester: Horwood Publishing. str. 35‒36. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-898563-71-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-898563-71-3">1-898563-71-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+chemistry+of+the+elements&rft.aulast=Siekierski&rft.aufirst=Slawomir&rft.au=Siekierski%2C%26%2332%3BSlawomir&rft.au=Burgess%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B35%E2%80%9236&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Horwood+Publishing&rft.isbn=1-898563-71-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chang-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chang_43-0">39,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chang_43-1">39,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Chang, pp. 307–309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huheey, Keiter & Keiter, pp. 42, 880–81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Yoder, C. H.; Suydam, F. H.; Snavely, F. A. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry00clau"><i>Chemistry</i></a> (2nd izd.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry00clau/page/58">58</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-15-506465-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-15-506465-7">0-15-506465-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry&rft.aulast=Yoder&rft.aufirst=C.+H.&rft.au=Yoder%2C%26%2332%3BC.+H.&rft.au=Suydam%2C%26%2332%3BF.+H.&rft.au=Snavely%2C%26%2332%3BF.+A.&rft.date=1975&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistry00clau%2Fpage%2F58+58%5D&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.isbn=0-15-506465-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistry00clau&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huheey, Keiter & Keiter, pp. 880–85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Sacks, O (2009). <i>Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a chemical boyhood</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. str. 191, 194. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-375-70404-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-375-70404-3">0-375-70404-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncle+Tungsten%3A+Memories+of+a+chemical+boyhood&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=O&rft.au=Sacks%2C%26%2332%3BO&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B191%2C+194&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.isbn=0-375-70404-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, p. 9</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Ball, Philip (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ingredientsguide0000ball"><i>The Ingredients: A Guided Tour of the Elements</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-284100-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-284100-9">0-19-284100-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ingredients%3A+A+Guided+Tour+of+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Ball%2C%26%2332%3BPhilip&rft.date=2002&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-19-284100-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fingredientsguide0000ball&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Chang, Raymond (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ingredientsguide0000ball"><i>Chemistry</i></a> (7th izd.). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-284100-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-284100-1">978-0-19-284100-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=Chang%2C%26%2332%3BRaymond&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=7th&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Higher+Education&rft.isbn=978-0-19-284100-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fingredientsguide0000ball&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Gray, Theodore (2009). <i>The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe</i>. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-57912-814-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-57912-814-2">978-1-57912-814-2</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements%3A+A+Visual+Exploration+of+Every+Known+Atom+in+the+Universe&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Gray%2C%26%2332%3BTheodore&rft.date=2009&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Black+Dog+%26+Leventhal+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-1-57912-814-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112585629/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0"><i>Chemistry of the Elements</i></a>. Oxford: Pergamon. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fcrat.2170200510">10.1002/crat.2170200510</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-08-022057-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-08-022057-6">0-08-022057-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rft.date=1984&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Pergamon&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcrat.2170200510&rft.isbn=0-08-022057-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.interscience.wiley.com%2Fjournal%2F112585629%2Fabstract%3FCRETRY%3D1%26SRETRY%3D0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Huheey, JE; Keiter, EA; Keiter, RL (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00huhe_0"><i>Principles of structure and reactivity</i></a> (4th izd.). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-06-042995-X" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-06-042995-X">0-06-042995-X</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+structure+and+reactivity&rft.aulast=Huheey&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.au=Huheey%2C%26%2332%3BJE&rft.au=Keiter%2C%26%2332%3BEA&rft.au=Keiter%2C%26%2332%3BRL&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=4th&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+College+Publishers&rft.isbn=0-06-042995-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finorganicchemist00huhe_0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Moore, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryfordumm0000moor"><i>Chemistry For Dummies</i></a>. New York: Wiley Publications. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryfordumm0000moor/page/111">111</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7645-5430-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7645-5430-8">978-0-7645-5430-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/51168057">51168057</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+For+Dummies&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Moore%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryfordumm0000moor%2Fpage%2F111+111%5D&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley+Publications&rft.isbn=978-0-7645-5430-8&rft_id=info:oclcnum/51168057&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryfordumm0000moor&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Scerri, Eric (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictableits0000scer"><i>The periodic table: Its story and its significance</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-530573-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-530573-6">0-19-530573-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+periodic+table%3A+Its+story+and+its+significance&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Scerri%2C%26%2332%3BEric&rft.date=2007&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-19-530573-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperiodictableits0000scer&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Scerri, Eric R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictablever0000scer"><i>The periodic table: A very short introduction</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-958249-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-958249-5">978-0-19-958249-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+periodic+table%3A+A+very+short+introduction&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rft.au=Scerri%2C%26%2332%3BEric+R.&rft.date=2011&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958249-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperiodictablever0000scer&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Venable, F P (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentofper00venauoft"><i>The development of the periodic law</i></a>. Easton PA: Chemical Publishing Company.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+development+of+the+periodic+law&rft.aulast=Venable&rft.aufirst=F+P&rft.au=Venable%2C%26%2332%3BF+P&rft.date=1896&rft.place=Easton+PA&rft.pub=Chemical+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevelopmentofper00venauoft&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Ekkhard Fluck, Klaus G. Heumann: <i>Periodensystem der Elemente: physikalische Eigenschaften; [chemische, biologische und geologische Eigenschaften]</i>, 5. Auflage, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-527-33285-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-527-33285-4">978-3-527-33285-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3-527-33285-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/3-527-33285-5">3-527-33285-5</a>.</li> <li>Periodensystem interaktiv! (CD-ROM für Windows und Mac OS X), Welsch & Partner, Tübingen K. Seubert, "Das natürliche System der Elemente von Lothar Meyer u. D. Mendelejew", Ostwalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften" Bd. 68, 1895 (Nachdruck 1990)</li> <li>Ekkhard Fluck, Klaus G. Heumann: <i>Periodensystem der Elemente: physikalische Eigenschaften; [chemische, biologische und geologische Eigenschaften]</i>, 5. Auflage, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-527-33285-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-527-33285-4">978-3-527-33285-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3-527-33285-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/3-527-33285-5">3-527-33285-5</a>.</li> <li>Periodensystem interaktiv! (CD-ROM für Windows und Mac OS X), Welsch & Partner, Tübingen K. Seubert, "Das natürliche System der Elemente von Lothar Meyer u. D. Mendelejew", Ostwalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften" Bd. 68, 1895 (Nachdruck 1990)</li> <li><i>Agafošin N. P.</i> Periodičeskiй zakon i periodičeskaя sistema эlementov D. I. Mendeleeva. — M.: Prosveщenie, 1973. — 208 s.</li> <li><i>Evdokimov Ю.</i>, kandidat himič. nauk. K istorii periodičeskogo zakona. Nauka i žiznь, № 5 (2009), S. 12-15.</li> <li><i>Makarenя A. A., Rыsev Ю. V.</i> D. I. Mendeleev. — M.: Prosveщenie, 1983. — 128 s.</li> <li><i>Makarenя A. A., Trifonov D. N.</i> Periodičeskiй zakon D. I. Mendeleeva. — M.: Prosveщenie, 1969. — 160 s.</li> <li><span class="citation book" id="Nekrasov_B._V.,_Osnovы_obщeй_himii,_t._1">Nekrasov B.V. (1973). <i>Osnovы obщeй himii</i>. <b>1</b>. M.: Himiя. str. 656.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osnov%D1%8B+ob%D1%89e%D0%B9+himii&rft.aulast=Nekrasov+B.V.&rft.au=Nekrasov+B.V.&rft.date=1973&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B656&rft.place=M.&rft.pub=Himi%D1%8F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="Remi_G.,_Kurs_neorganičeskoй_himii,_t._1">Remi G. (1963). <i>Kurs neorganičeskoй himii</i>. <b>1</b>. M.: Izd-vo inostrannoй lit-rы. str. 920.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurs+neorgani%C4%8Desko%D0%B9+himii&rft.aulast=Remi+G.&rft.au=Remi+G.&rft.date=1963&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B920&rft.place=M.&rft.pub=Izd-vo+inostranno%D0%B9+lit-r%D1%8B&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sistem_elemenata&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table" title="commons:Category:Periodic table"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Periodic table">Periodni sistem elemenata</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pse.pbf.hr/hrvatski/veliki_periodni.html#Grupa">Veliki periodni sustav elemenata (s objašnjenjima)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/">Periodni sustav elemenata sa Kemijskog-Tehnološkog fakulteta - Split</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040802232424/http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/">Arhivirano</a> 2004-08-02 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><span class="citation web">M. Dayah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptable.com">„Dynamic Periodic Table”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14 May 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dynamic+Periodic+Table&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=M.+Dayah&rft.au=M.+Dayah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptable.com&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Brady Haran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com">„The Periodic Table of Videos”</a>. University of Nottingham<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14 May 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Periodic+Table+of+Videos&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Brady+Haran&rft.au=Brady+Haran&rft.pub=University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.periodicvideos.com&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Mark Winter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com">„WebElements: the periodic table on the web”</a>. University of Sheffield<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14 May 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=WebElements%3A+the+periodic+table+on+the+web&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Mark+Winter&rft.au=Mark+Winter&rft.pub=University+of+Sheffield&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Mark R. Leach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook//35_pt/pt_database.php">„The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14 May 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+INTERNET+Database+of+Periodic+Tables&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Mark+R.+Leach&rft.au=Mark+R.+Leach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meta-synthesis.com%2Fwebbook%2F%2F35_pt%2Fpt_database.php&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Periodni_sistem_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556979"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556873"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Grupe_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Šablon:Grupe periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;border:none;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Grupe_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Grupe periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;border:none;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Grupe_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;border:none;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata">Grupe</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">periodnog sistema elemenata</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali">1. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalni_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemnoalkalni metali">2. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">3. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata">4. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/5._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. grupa hemijskih elemenata">5. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/6._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. grupa hemijskih elemenata">6. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/7._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="7. grupa hemijskih elemenata">7. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/8._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="8. grupa hemijskih elemenata">8. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/9._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="9. grupa hemijskih elemenata">9. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata">10. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/11._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata">11. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/12._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="12. grupa hemijskih elemenata">12. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/13._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="13. grupa hemijskih elemenata">13. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">14. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/15._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata">15. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halkogeni_elementi" class="mw-redirect" title="Halkogeni elementi">16. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">17. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti plinovi">18. grupa</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556979"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556873"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Blokovi_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Šablon:Blokovi periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;border:none;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Blokovi_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Blokovi periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;border:none;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" 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title="Razgovor o šablonu:Hemija-lat"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Hemija-lat&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Osnovne_oblasti_hemije" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Osnovne oblasti <a href="/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija">hemije</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dka_hemija" title="Fizička hemija">Fizička</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hemijska_kinetika" title="Hemijska kinetika">Hemijska kinetika</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a 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title="Termohemija">Termohemija</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organska_hemija" title="Organska hemija">Organska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Biohemija" title="Biohemija">Biohemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Bioorganska_hemija" title="Bioorganska hemija">Bioorganska hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Biofizi%C4%8Dka_hemija" title="Biofizička hemija">Biofizička hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_biologija" title="Hemijska biologija">Hemijska biologija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Hemija_fulerena" title="Hemija fulerena">Hemija fulerena</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Medicinska_hemija" title="Medicinska hemija">Medicinska hemija</a>  <span 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bioneorganska_hemija" title="Bioneorganska hemija">Bioneorganska hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Klasterska_hemija" title="Klasterska hemija">Klasterska hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Neorganska_hemija" title="Neorganska hemija">Neorganska hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima">Nauka o materijalima</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_hemija" title="Nuklearna hemija">Nuklearna hemija</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Druge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Analiti%C4%8Dka_hemija" title="Analitička hemija">Analitička hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Hemijsko_obrazovanje" title="Hemijsko obrazovanje">Hemijsko obrazovanje</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Klik_hemija" title="Klik hemija">Klik hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarska_hemija" title="Računarska hemija">Računarska hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Astrohemija" title="Astrohemija">Astrohemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Hemija_%C5%BEivotne_sredine" title="Hemija životne sredine">Hemija životne sredine</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Zelena_hemija" title="Zelena hemija">Zelena hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Supramolekularna_hemija" title="Supramolekularna hemija">Supramolekularna hemija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Teorijska_hemija" class="mw-redirect" title="Teorijska hemija">Teorijska hemija</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Periodni sistem</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenklatura" title="IUPAC nomenklatura">Nomenklatura</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Laboratorijske_tehnike" title="Kategorija:Laboratorijske tehnike">Laboratorijske tehnike</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Instrumentalne_analize" title="Kategorija:Instrumentalne analize">Instrumentalne analize</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" 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