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Cuarț - Wikipedia

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Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuarț</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 96 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwarts" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarz" title="Cuarz – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuarz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="क्वार्टज़ – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्वार्टज़" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="مرو (معدن) – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرو (معدن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzu" title="Cuarzu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuarzu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="क्वार्ट्ज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्वार्ट्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quars" title="Quars – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emen" title="Křemen – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křemen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarz" title="Quarz – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quarz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χαλαζίας – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλαζίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarco" title="Kvarco – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvarco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzo" title="Cuarzo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuarzo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuartzo" title="Kuartzo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kuartzo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartsi" title="Kvartsi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kvartsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quartz (minéral)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grianchloch" title="Grianchloch – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grianchloch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eit" title="Eit – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eit" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzo" title="Cuarzo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuarzo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%8Dk-y%C3%AEn" title="Sa̍k-yîn – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍k-yîn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="קוורץ – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוורץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="स्फटिक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्फटिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emje%C5%84" title="Křemjeń – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Křemjeń" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%81" title="Քվարց – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվարց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarz" title="Quarz – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Quarz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuarsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarco" title="Quarco – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Quarco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzo" title="Quarzo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quarzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="კვარცი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვარცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwar%C9%A9t%C9%A9s%C9%A9" title="Kuwarɩtɩsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kuwarɩtɩsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kuarsa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90" title="បុស្សរាគម័ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុស្សរាគម័" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ ಶಿಲೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ ಶಿಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%98%81" title="석영 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석영" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzum" title="Quarzum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarzum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaarz_(Mineral)" title="Quaarz (Mineral) – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quaarz (Mineral)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarcas" title="Kvarcas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvarcas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarcs" title="Kvarcs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvarcs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatokaranana" title="Vatokaranana – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatokaranana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്വാർട്ട്സ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വാർട്ട്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarza" title="Kuarza – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuarza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quartzo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="သလင်းကျောက် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သလင်းကျောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwarts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCars" title="Qüars – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Qüars" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhagaa_Cicala" title="Dhagaa Cicala – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhagaa Cicala" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80" title="Дзæнхъадур – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзæнхъадур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarc" title="Kwarc – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwarc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="کوارٹز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوارٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quartzo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhisqa" title="Qhisqa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhisqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzu" title="Quarzu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Quarzu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9F%E0%B7%94" title="පළිඟු – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පළිඟු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreme%C5%88" title="Kremeň – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kremeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamena_strela" title="Kamena strela – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamena strela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarci" title="Kuarci – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuarci" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="குவார்ட்சு – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவார்ட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ควอตซ์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ควอตซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvars" title="Kuvars – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuvars" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_anh" title="Thạch anh – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thạch anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwarso" title="Kuwarso – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kuwarso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-eng" title="Chio̍h-eng – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chio̍h-eng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43010#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><br /> </p> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><b>Cuarț (α-Cuarț)</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg/220px-Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg/330px-Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg/440px-Quartz_Saint_Lary_Ari%C3%A8ge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="5525" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Date generale</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Formula_chimic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula chimică">Formula chimică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">SiO<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clasa_mineralului" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasa mineralului">Clasa mineralului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Oxizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxizi">Oxizi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidroxizi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidroxizi — pagină inexistentă">Hidroxizi</a>, silicat</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_cristalizare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem de cristalizare">Sistem de cristalizare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigonal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigonal — pagină inexistentă">trigonal</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clasa_cristalului" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasa cristalului">Clasa cristalului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">IV/D.01-10</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">incolor, alb, sau toate culorile</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Urma" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Urma">Urma</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">albă</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Duritate" title="Duritate">Duritate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">7</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Masa specifică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,65 g/cm³</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Luciu" title="Luciu">Luciu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">sticlos pe fețele prismei, gras pe suprafața de spărtură</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Transparen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Transparență">Transparență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">transparent până la opac</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%83rtura" class="mw-redirect" title="Spărtura">Spărtura</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">sidefie, neregulată, sfărâmicioasă</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clivaj" title="Clivaj">Clivaj</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">absent</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Habitus" class="mw-disambig" title="Habitus">Habitus</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">prismatic, microcristalin</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9Ba_cristalului" title="Suprafața cristalului">Suprafața cristalului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">trigonal-trapezoidal, 32</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Cristale_gemene" title="Cristale gemene">Cristale gemene</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">existente</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1713 ℃ (SiO<sub>2</sub> se transformă în <a href="/wiki/Cristobalit" title="Cristobalit">cristobalit</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Proprie%C8%9B%C4%83%C8%9Bi_optice" class="mw-redirect" title="Propriețăți optice">Propriețăți optice</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția">Indice de refrație</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">n<sub>o</sub> = 1,5442 <br /> n<sub>e</sub> = 1,5533</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia_dubl%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția dublă">Birefrigență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Δ = 0,0091</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Devia%C8%9Bia_optic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviația optică">Deviația optică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">frecvent anormal cu 2v<sub>z</sub> ~ 0–10°</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Unghiul de dispersie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">43°</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Alte caracteristici</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Reactivitatea chimică</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">solubil în acid fluorhidric și în soda caustică</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Minerale asemănătoare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Azurit" title="Azurit">Azurit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrysokoll&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrysokoll — pagină inexistentă">Chrysokoll</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Radioactivitate" title="Radioactivitate">Radioactivitate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">absentă</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetism</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">absent</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Caracterstici deosebite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">poate să conțină incluziuni fluide</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##B0C4DE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">text</a></span>&#160;<span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Mineral" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, 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.infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Cuarțul</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_siliciu" title="Dioxid de siliciu">dioxid de siliciu</a>, cunoscut și sub denumirea științifică <i>α-Cuarț</i>) este un <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> răspândit în scoarța terestră, care are <a href="/wiki/Compozi%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83" title="Compoziție chimică">compoziția chimică</a> SiO<sub>2</sub> cristalizând în <a href="/wiki/Sistem" class="mw-disambig" title="Sistem">sistemul</a> trigonal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Proprietăți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Proprietăți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În stare pură cuarțul este incolor, impuritățile din cristal determină culoarea mineralului. Cuarțul cristalizează frecvent în goluri existente în <a href="/wiki/Tipuri_de_roci" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipuri de roci">roci</a> numite <i>geode</i>. Clivajul este inexistent în spărtură având o culoare sidefie, are valoarea 7 pe <a href="/wiki/Scara_de_duritate_Mohs" title="Scara de duritate Mohs">scara de duritate Mohs</a>. </p><p>Înainte de descoperirea proprietății sale piezoelectrice, cuarțul era utilizat ca piatră în bijuterii. </p><p>Din punct de vedere optic poate fi ușor confundat cu <a href="/wiki/Calcit" title="Calcit">calcitul</a>, de care se deosebește prin duritatea sa mai mare (7), valoarea refracției duble mai reduse și lipsa de reacție, ca și calcitul, cu acidul clorhidric. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie_și_istoric"><span id="Etimologie_.C8.99i_istoric"></span>Etimologie și istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie și istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etimologie și istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuarțul ca și celelalte <a href="/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal">cristale</a> au fost în evul mediu denumirea minei, <a href="/wiki/Georgius_Agricola" title="Georgius Agricola">Georgius Agricola</a> a fost acela care a delimitat termenul la denumirea cristalelor. Originea denumirii nu este clară, unii presupun că ar provine din slava veche <i>tvurdu</i> = "dur" sau din germană (dialect) <i>querch</i> = "pitic" în germană literară = quarz în orice caz denumirea de cuarț a fost acceptată pe plan internațional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Hugo_Strunz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Hugo Strunz — pagină inexistentă">Karl Hugo Strunz</a> în "Systematik der Minerale", mineralul aparține clasei <a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">oxizilor</a> cu un raport metal/oxigen 1:2 numărul grupei - (Strunz-ID: 4/D.01-10). La grupa cuarțului aparține și (β-Cuarț), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tridimit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tridimit — pagină inexistentă">Tridimit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristobalit" title="Cristobalit">Cristobalit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coesit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coesit — pagină inexistentă">Coesit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stishovit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stishovit — pagină inexistentă">Stishovit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanophlogit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Melanophlogit — pagină inexistentă">Melanophlogit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seifertit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seifertit — pagină inexistentă">Seifertit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lechatelierit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lechatelierit — pagină inexistentă">Lechatelierit</a> și <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a>. </p><p>După sistematica lui <a href="/wiki/James_Dwight_Dana" title="James Dwight Dana">Dana</a> cuarțul este plasat în grupa silicaților (Dana-ID: 75.1.3.1). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formare_și_râspândire_în_natură"><span id="Formare_.C8.99i_r.C3.A2sp.C3.A2ndire_.C3.AEn_natur.C4.83"></span>Formare și râspândire în natură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Formare și râspândire în natură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Formare și râspândire în natură"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg/220px-Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg/330px-Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg/440px-Granodiorite_pmg_ss_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Secțiune de granodiorit observată la microscopul optic; printre alte minerale, este vizibil si cuarțul.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cuarțul după <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspat</a> este mineralul cel mai răspândit în scoarța terestră. Cristalele se formează după răcirea soluțiilor bogate în SiO<sub>2</sub> și frecvent întâlnit în roci ca: <a href="/wiki/Plutonit" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonit">Plutonit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">Granite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Granitoid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Granitoid — pagină inexistentă">Granitoide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granodiorit" title="Granodiorit">Granodiorite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonalit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonalit — pagină inexistentă">Tonalite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sienit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sienit — pagină inexistentă">Sienite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monzonit" title="Monzonit">Quarz-Monzonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diorit" title="Diorit">Quarz-Diorite</a>, minerale de gangă (steril) ca: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aplit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aplit — pagină inexistentă">Aplite</a> ca și din grupa vulcanitelor <a href="/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit">Riolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacit" title="Dacit">Dacite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andezit" title="Andezit">Andezite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trahit" title="Trahit">Trahite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latit — pagină inexistentă">Quarz-Latite</a>. Un criteriu folosit în clasificarea rocilor este conținutul în cuarț. Cuarțul este frecvent mineral de gangă în <a href="/wiki/Filon_(z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt)" title="Filon (zăcământ)">filoanele</a> de <a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a>. </p><p>La fel acest mineral este întâlnit în <a href="/wiki/Roci_metamorfice" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci metamorfice">roci metamorfice</a> ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98ist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Șist — pagină inexistentă">Șisturi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gneis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gneis">GneiseESER</a>. Datorită durității sale este răspândit și în <a href="/wiki/Roci_sedimentare" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci sedimentare">rocile sedimentare</a>. </p><p>Cel mai mare cristal unic de cuarț documentat a fost găsit lângă Itapore, <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a>; măsura aproximativ 6,1×1,5×1,5 m și cântărea 39.916 kilograme.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varietăți_de_cuarț"><span id="Variet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_de_cuar.C8.9B"></span>Varietăți de cuarț</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Varietăți de cuarț" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Varietăți de cuarț"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cristalele pure de cuarț sunt incolore, transparente, prin incluziuni de gaze sau lichide, cristalul devine de o culoare lăptoasă, la fel impuritățile determină schimbarea culorii, sau prin iradiere se produce un fenomen ionizare care schimbă culoarea cristalului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varietăți_de_culoare_prin_iradiere_sau_prezența_unor_ioni_străini"><span id="Variet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_de_culoare_prin_iradiere_sau_prezen.C8.9Ba_unor_ioni_str.C4.83ini"></span>Varietăți de culoare prin iradiere sau prezența unor ioni străini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Varietăți de culoare prin iradiere sau prezența unor ioni străini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Varietăți de culoare prin iradiere sau prezența unor ioni străini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG/220px-Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG/330px-Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG/440px-Intaille_en_am%C3%A9thyste.JPG 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center">Portretul împăratului roman <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a> gravat in <a href="/wiki/Ametist" title="Ametist">Ametist</a></div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ametist" title="Ametist">Ametist</a>: varietate violetă de cuarț prin prezența ionilor de fier, sau iradiere cu raze gamma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrin" title="Citrin">Citrin</a>: varietate galbenă de cuarț folosit ca bijuterie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametrin" title="Ametrin">Ametrin</a>: varietate rară cu zone de ametist și citrin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolit" title="Prasiolit">Prasiolit</a>: varietate verde de cuarț transparent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B_fumuriu" title="Cuarț fumuriu">Cuarț fumuriu</a> sau (<i>Morion</i>): varietate de cuarț de culoare cenușie, brună până la negru (prin iradiere cu raze gamma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B_roz" title="Cuarț roz">Cuarț roz</a>: varietate roză de cuarț prin prezența ionilor de fosfor</li></ul> <p>La fel se mai pot aminti: <i>Smaragdquarz</i> , <i>Saphirquarz</i> prin prezența ionilor de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktinolith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktinolith — pagină inexistentă">Aktinolith</a> respectiv <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krokydolith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krokydolith — pagină inexistentă">Krokydolith</a> sau varietățile de cuarț microcristalin: ca de exemplu: <a href="/wiki/Silex" title="Silex">silex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcedonie" title="Calcedonie">calcedonie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agat" title="Agat">agat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onix" title="Onix">onix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasp" title="Jasp">jasp</a>, sau <a href="/wiki/Carneol" title="Carneol">carneol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizare">Utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Utilizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>proprietatea piezoelectrică presiunea pe cristal la un anumit punct produce polarizarea electrică a acestuia, important în producerea <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductorilor</a>, tactul de frecvență la computer, televiziune, <a href="/wiki/Celul%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Celulă solară">celulă solară</a>.</li> <li>proprietatea de deviere a luminii polarizate o deviație de 27,71°/nm.ca prisme optice lentile.</li> <li>proprietatea de a nu reacționa cu acizii (excepție acidul fluorhidric) se folosesc ca vase pentru reactivi.</li> <li>la fel este utilizat la producerea instrumentelor de precizie ca de exemplu cântar cu fir de torsiune.</li> <li>folosit în acustica electronică, sau lampa de cuarț.</li> <li>foarte frecvent folosit ca bijuterie, sunt varietățile colorate ale cuarțului .</li> <li>o varietate a sa a fost și încă este folosit în societățile umane primitive ca și unealtă.</li> <li>în amestec cu <a href="/wiki/Caolin" title="Caolin">caolinul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspatul</a> este folosit la obținerea <a href="/wiki/Por%C8%9Belan" title="Porțelan">porțelanului</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_minerale" title="Listă de minerale">Listă de minerale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci" title="Listă de roci">Listă de roci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci_dup%C4%83_genez%C4%83" title="Listă de roci după geneză">Listă de roci după geneză</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniu_de_cristal" title="Craniu de cristal">Craniu de cristal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuar%C8%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartz?uselang=ro">cuarț</a></b></span> la <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Minerale" title="Format:Minerale"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Minerale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Minerale — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Minerale&amp;action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Minerale, roci, soluri și zăcăminte</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abelsonit" title="Abelsonit">Abelsonit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Acvamarin" title="Acvamarin">Acvamarin</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Adamit" title="Adamit">Adamit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Adular" title="Adular">Adular</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Agat" title="Agat">Agat</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Aguilarit" title="Aguilarit">Aguilarit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Ajoit" title="Ajoit">Ajoit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Alabastru" title="Alabastru">Alabastru</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">Albit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Allanit" title="Allanit">Allanit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Altait" title="Altait">Altait</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Aluminit" title="Aluminit">Aluminit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Amazonit" title="Amazonit">Amazonit</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Ametist" title="Ametist">Ametist</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Ametrin" title="Ametrin">Ametrin</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli">Amfiboli</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Andaluzit" title="Andaluzit">Andaluzit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Anhidrit" title="Anhidrit">Anhidrit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">Anortit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Apatit" title="Apatit">Apatit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">Aragonit</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Argentit" title="Argentit">Argentit</a>&#160;<span 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