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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Demography and politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Buildings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Buildings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Churches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_public_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_public_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Other public buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_public_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residential_squares_and_terraces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_squares_and_terraces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Residential squares and terraces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_squares_and_terraces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clifton_Terrace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clifton_Terrace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Clifton Terrace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clifton_Terrace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark_Terrace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark_Terrace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Denmark Terrace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark_Terrace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montpelier_Crescent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montpelier_Crescent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Montpelier Crescent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montpelier_Crescent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montpelier_Villas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montpelier_Villas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 Montpelier Villas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montpelier_Villas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norfolk_Terrace,_Norfolk_Road_and_Belvedere_Terrace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norfolk_Terrace,_Norfolk_Road_and_Belvedere_Terrace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.5 Norfolk Terrace, Norfolk Road and Belvedere Terrace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norfolk_Terrace,_Norfolk_Road_and_Belvedere_Terrace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powis_Grove,_Road,_Square_and_Villas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powis_Grove,_Road,_Square_and_Villas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.6 Powis Grove, Road, Square and Villas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powis_Grove,_Road,_Square_and_Villas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vernon_Terrace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vernon_Terrace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.7 Vernon Terrace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vernon_Terrace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windmills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windmills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Windmills </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windmills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Coach_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Coach_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 The Coach House </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Coach_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_and_conservation_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_and_conservation_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Heritage and conservation area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_and_conservation_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notable residents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montpelier,_Brighton&params=50.8272_N_0.1496_W_">50°49′38″N 0°08′59″W / 50.8272°N 0.1496°W / 50.8272; -0.1496</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Inner suburban area of Brighton, England</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas,_Brighton_(NHLE_Code_1380089).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380089%29.jpg/300px-1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380089%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380089%29.jpg/450px-1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380089%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380089%29.jpg/600px-1_and_2_Montpelier_Villas%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380089%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Montpelier is characterised by early 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a>-clad terraced houses and villas,<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> such as 1 and 2 Montpelier Villas.</figcaption></figure> Montpelier is an inner suburban area of <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, part of the English city and <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resort</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a>. Developed together with the adjacent Clifton Hill area in the mid-19th century, it forms a high-class, architecturally cohesive residential district with "an exceptionally complete character".<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">Stucco</a>-clad <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraced housing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villas</a> predominate, but two of the city's most significant <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> churches and a landmark hospital building are also in the area, which lies immediately northwest of Brighton city centre and spreads as far as the ancient parish boundary with <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a>. Development was initially stimulated when one of the main roads out of Brighton was <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">turnpiked</a> in the late 18th century, but the hilly land—condemned as "hideous masses of unfledged earth" by <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Antram174-2">[2]</a> who painted it nevertheless—was mostly devoted to agriculture until the 1820s. The ascent of Brighton from provincial fishing town to fashionable resort prompted a building boom in the next quarter-century, and Montpelier and Clifton Hill were transformed into districts of architecturally homogeneous streets with carefully designed, intricately detailed housing. Little demolition, infilling or redevelopment has occurred since, and hundreds of buildings have been granted <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed status</a>. The whole suburb is also one of 34 <a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_areas_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of conservation areas in Brighton and Hove">conservation areas in the city of Brighton and Hove</a>. Historic buildings include The Temple—local landowner <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Read_Kemp" title="Thomas Read Kemp">Thomas Read Kemp</a>'s house, now <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton and Hove High School">a private school</a>—the former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital">Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children</a>, currently being redeveloped, and large mid 19th-century houses such as Montpelier Hall. The area also has several set-piece residential squares and crescents such as Clifton Terrace, Powis Square, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Terrace,_Brighton" title="Vernon Terrace, Brighton">Vernon Terrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Crescent" title="Montpelier Crescent">Montpelier Crescent</a> and Montpelier Villas. The architectural partnership of <a href="/wiki/Amon_Wilds" title="Amon Wilds">Amon Wilds</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Amon_Henry_Wilds" title="Amon Henry Wilds">Amon Henry Wilds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Busby_(architect)" title="Charles Busby (architect)">Charles Busby</a>—the most important architects in <a href="/wiki/Regency_era" title="Regency era">Regency era</a> Brighton and Hove—designed many of these. Montpelier's range of churches includes some of the city's finest, but others have been demolished in the postwar period. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location_and_character">Location and character</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location and character">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier,_Brighton.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier%2C_Brighton.png/220px-OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier%2C_Brighton.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier%2C_Brighton.png/330px-OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier%2C_Brighton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier%2C_Brighton.png/440px-OpenStreetMap_of_Montpelier%2C_Brighton.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Montpelier covers the area between Seven Dials, Dyke Road, Western Road and the boundary with Hove (east of York Avenue). St Nicholas Church is at the bottom right; St Ann's Well Gardens are top left.</figcaption></figure> Montpelier is a centrally located inner suburb of the city of Brighton and Hove.<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Lanes" title="The Lanes">The Lanes</a>, the ancient centre of Brighton, is about 0.7 miles (1.1 km) to the southeast,<a href="#cite_note-MontpelierToBtn-3">[3]</a> and central Hove is about 1.1 miles (1.8 km) to the west.<a href="#cite_note-MontpelierToHove-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[note 1]</a> London is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>50+1⁄2 miles (81.3 km) to the north.<a href="#cite_note-8">[note 2]</a> There is no single official definition of the area covered by Montpelier and Clifton Hill, but most authorities (including Brighton and Hove City Council) define it as the area west of <a href="/wiki/West_Hill,_Brighton" title="West Hill, Brighton">West Hill</a> and east of the ancient parish boundary between <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Seven_Dials,_Brighton" title="Seven Dials, Brighton">Seven Dials</a> area and the road junction of that name are to the north, forming the apex of the roughly triangular area,<a href="#cite_note-Myall7-9">[7]</a> and the major city-centre shopping street Western Road lies to the south.<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a> Two roads form important through routes for cross-city traffic: Montpelier Road runs south–north from the city centre to Seven Dials, and the west–east Upper North Street links the city centre to Hove. Both are busy, but traffic is limited in the smaller residential streets.<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC9-12">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg/220px-Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg/330px-Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg/440px-Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_621494.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Many of the north–south streets offer long views. From the top of Victoria Street, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalen%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Mary Magdalen's Church, Brighton">St Mary Magdalen's Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> are visible.</figcaption></figure> Dyke Road—the ancient route from Brighton to <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dyke,_Sussex" title="Devil's Dyke, Sussex">Devil's Dyke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steyning" title="Steyning">Steyning</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall7-9">[7]</a> and eventually on to London—forms the conservation area's eastern boundary except at the southern end, where it extends east of the road to include <a href="/wiki/St_Nicholas_Church,_Brighton" title="St Nicholas Church, Brighton">St Nicholas Church</a> (Brighton's original <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wykeham_Terrace,_Brighton" title="Wykeham Terrace, Brighton">Wykeham Terrace</a> and other small parts of West Hill.<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC13-13">[11]</a> The land rises gently from the southwest to a summit at Clifton Hill.<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a> Writing in 1833, J.D. Parry<a href="#cite_note-14">[note 3]</a> said that the hill "commands a magnificent view, and has very fine air".<a href="#cite_note-Antram174-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>, who stayed in Brighton several times during the 1820s, was less impressed: he described it as "hideous masses of unfledged earth called the country". Nevertheless, he produced several paintings of the area, which provide a record of its appearance just before it became suburbanised.<a href="#cite_note-Antram174-2">[2]</a> Geologically, Montpelier is built on grassy <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">downland</a> and sheep-pasture, beneath which is chalk. This pattern is repeated across the rest of the city, most of the Sussex coast and for several miles inland.<a href="#cite_note-HAoS3-15">[12]</a> The chalk, "one of the most complete and accessible strata anywhere in Europe", was formed about 100 million years ago.<a href="#cite_note-HAoS2-16">[13]</a> As in other areas where chalk is prevalent, the soil above it is <a href="/wiki/Rendzina" title="Rendzina">rendzina</a>. Found in thin layers and with a high calcium content, it has a poor agricultural value.<a href="#cite_note-HAoS4–5-17">[14]</a> In common with the rest of Brighton, the area has a <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> climate: its <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_C:_Temperate/mesothermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> is Cfb. It is characterised by mild, calm weather with high levels of sunshine, <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breezes</a> and a "healthy, bracing air" attributed to the low level of tree cover.<a href="#cite_note-EncB40-18">[15]</a> Average rainfall levels increase as the land rises: the 1958–1990 mean was 740 millimetres (29 in) on the seafront and about 1,000 millimetres (39 in) at the top of the South Downs above Brighton.<a href="#cite_note-EncB40-18">[15]</a> Locally, a distinction is made between the northern part of the area towards the top of the hill—this area is known as Clifton or Clifton Hill—and the lower land to the south and west, as far as the Hove boundary and Western Road, known as Montpelier.<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> The names are also used interchangeably, and some sources make further distinctions: the area around Powis Grove, Powis Villas, Powis Road and St Michael and All Angels Church is called Powis in one study of the area.<a href="#cite_note-Myall7-9">[7]</a> Although Montpelier first appears as the name of the area on a map of 1824,<a href="#cite_note-20">[note 4]</a><a href="#cite_note-OOB155-21">[17]</a> this still makes it the earliest Montpelier in England—predating those in Bristol, Cheltenham and elsewhere in taking and adapting the name of the French spa resort <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a> The town was popular with rich English people in the 18th century for convalescence: it had an excellent climate and good medical facilities.<a href="#cite_note-OOB156-22">[18]</a> The term "Montpelier Estate" is sometimes used for the area as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-OOB155-21">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography_and_politics">Demography and politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demography and politics">edit</a>]</div> Montpelier and Clifton Hill are predominantly residential: about 20% of buildings have other uses, primarily commercial and retail. Some areas have clusters of small shops, and there are many pubs and restaurants. The southern part of Montpelier is very close to Brighton's main retail area, Western Road and the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Square_(Brighton_and_Hove)" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Square (Brighton and Hove)">Churchill Square</a> shopping centre.<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a> Many streets provide long southward views towards the sea.<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a> The area forms part of Brighton and Hove City Council's Regency <a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards of the United Kingdom">ward</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WardInfo-23">[19]</a> one of 21 wards in the city.<a href="#cite_note-BHCC-Wards-24">[20]</a> This is part of the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_constituencies" title="United Kingdom constituencies">parliamentary constituency</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WardList-25">[21]</a> which elected <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 General Election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-B&H-YourMP-26">[22]</a> She held the seat with an increased majority at the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 General Election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-E14000598-27">[23]</a> Regency is classified as a "Prospering Metropolitan B" ward by the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WardInfo-23">[19]</a> 0.91% of the United Kingdom population live in such a ward, whose characteristics include much lower proportions of children, manufacturing sector workers, <a href="/wiki/Single-family_detached_home" title="Single-family detached home">detached houses</a> and households with more than one car than the national average, and much higher proportions of single-person households, people qualified to degree level and privately rented accommodation than the average. Population density is also much higher in Prospering Metropolitan B wards than in the United Kingdom as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-PMB-28">[24]</a> The Regency ward covers 235.5 acres (95.3 ha) of central Brighton, bounded by Seven Dials to the north, the ancient Brighton/Hove parish boundary to the west, the English Channel to the south and Dyke Road, North Street and <a href="/wiki/Old_Steine" title="Old Steine">Old Steine</a> to the east.<a href="#cite_note-WardInfo-23">[19]</a> It therefore includes territory that is not part of Montpelier, whose southern boundary at Western Road runs through the middle of the ward.<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-WardInfo-23">[19]</a> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census" title="2001 United Kingdom census">2001 United Kingdom census</a>, for which the size of the ward was measured at 88 acres (36 ha), Regency had a population of 8,510. Its population density of 96.25 persons per hectare was much higher than that of the city Brighton and Hove (29.98) and of South East England as a whole (4.2).<a href="#cite_note-ONS-PopDensity-29">[25]</a> The ethnic mix is similar to that of the wider city and of South East England as a whole: in the Census, 93.3% of people in Regency classified themselves as White, 2.1% as Mixed, 1.88% as Asian or Asian British, 1.79% as Chinese or Other, and 0.93% as Black British. The largest differences in comparison to Brighton and Hove overall were the lower proportion of White people and the higher proportion belonging to Chinese or other ethnic groups.<a href="#cite_note-ONS-Ethnicity-30">[26]</a> The gender balance is significantly different from that of the city as a whole: while 48.38% of Brighton and Hove's residents were male (as recorded by the 2001 Census), the proportion rose to 54.49% of people in Regency ward.<a href="#cite_note-ONS-Sex-31">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Nicholas_Church,_Brighton_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/St_Nicholas_Church%2C_Brighton_08.JPG/220px-St_Nicholas_Church%2C_Brighton_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/St_Nicholas_Church%2C_Brighton_08.JPG/330px-St_Nicholas_Church%2C_Brighton_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/St_Nicholas_Church%2C_Brighton_08.JPG/440px-St_Nicholas_Church%2C_Brighton_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Before its development, the present Montpelier area was known as Church Hill in reference to St Nicholas Church.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_(The_Temple_Building)_(IoE_Code_486696)_(Dec_2011).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Temple_Building%29_%28IoE_Code_486696%29_%28Dec_2011%29.JPG/220px-Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Temple_Building%29_%28IoE_Code_486696%29_%28Dec_2011%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Temple_Building%29_%28IoE_Code_486696%29_%28Dec_2011%29.JPG/330px-Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Temple_Building%29_%28IoE_Code_486696%29_%28Dec_2011%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Temple_Building%29_%28IoE_Code_486696%29_%28Dec_2011%29.JPG/440px-Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Temple_Building%29_%28IoE_Code_486696%29_%28Dec_2011%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Temple was built for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Read_Kemp" title="Thomas Read Kemp">Thomas Read Kemp</a> in 1819 just before suburban growth started.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a>, a range of chalk hills, surrounded the ancient fishing and farming village of Brighton (formerly Brighthelmston). The downland pasture sloped down to the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> coast and was farmed in one of two ways: some parts were divided into strips according to a local system of "laines", furlongs" and "paul-pieces", and other areas were left for the grazing of sheep.<a href="#cite_note-Berry97-32">[28]</a> The area now covered by Montpelier was an example of the latter. The five laines around Brighton were based on land with a relatively gentle slope; when the gradient or height made the land too difficult to work, no more strips were marked out and the rest of the land was given over to grazing.<a href="#cite_note-Myall8-33">[29]</a> A map of Brighton from the 1740s shows that a large section in the northwest of the parish—north of West Laine, west of North Laine and bisected by the road to Steyning—was marked as "sheep down".<a href="#cite_note-Berry4-34">[30]</a> It had no official name at the time, but by 1792 it had become known as Church Hill in reference to <a href="/wiki/St_Nicholas_Church,_Brighton" title="St Nicholas Church, Brighton">St Nicholas Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a> of Brighton which stood on a hillock near the road.<a href="#cite_note-Myall7-9">[7]</a> The part west of the road was sometimes described as "Church Hill – West Side"; the corresponding "East Side" later became known as <a href="/wiki/West_Hill,_Brighton" title="West Hill, Brighton">West Hill</a> during Brighton's 19th-century growth.<a href="#cite_note-Myall7-9">[7]</a> The road became a <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">turnpike</a> in 1777, increasing its importance, and became known as Dyke Road.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> Vine's Mill, one of several <a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_East_Sussex" title="List of windmills in East Sussex">windmills built on the Downs around Brighton</a>, was erected in 1810.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> The sheep down was not <a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">common land</a>: its ownership has been traced back to the 11th century (to <a href="/wiki/Cnut_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnut the Great">Canute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godwin,_Earl_of_Wessex" title="Godwin, Earl of Wessex">Earl Godwin</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">King Harold</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Myall8-33">[29]</a> and by the late 18th century it was held by two influential local landowners. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kemp_(1745%E2%80%931811)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kemp (1745–1811) (page does not exist)">Thomas Kemp</a> held about 41 acres (17 ha), and <a href="/wiki/John_Sackville,_3rd_Duke_of_Dorset" title="John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset">John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset</a> owned over 5 acres (2.0 ha). When Kemp died in 1811, his landholding transferred to his son <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Read_Kemp" title="Thomas Read Kemp">Thomas Read Kemp</a>. The Kemp family first acquired the land in 1770, when it was sold to them by the Friend family—whose history of large-scale land acquisition around Brighton goes back to the late 16th century and the purchase of the former St Bartholomew's Priory and its grounds.<a href="#cite_note-Myall9-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-VCH56961-38">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road,_Brighton_(NHLE_Code_1381583).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1381583%29.jpg/220px-53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1381583%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1381583%29.jpg/330px-53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1381583%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1381583%29.jpg/440px-53%E2%80%9356_Montpelier_Road%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1381583%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>53–56 Montpelier Road are among "[Montpelier's] best houses".<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a></figcaption></figure> Thomas Read Kemp had moved out of Brighton in 1807, but decided to return in 1819. By this time he was enjoying "a rich social life" and his considerable inherited wealth. As he owned so much land around Brighton, there were many sites he could choose for his new home; he selected a remote site<a href="#cite_note-Myall11-40">[36]</a> near the track (running from the seafront to the <a href="/wiki/Ditchling" title="Ditchling">Ditchling</a> Road) which later became Montpelier Road.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> At the time there were only three people living on the farmland of "Church Hill – West Side", including an eccentric former marine corporal who occupied a cave in a former chalk pit. He had been invalided out of the Navy after fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1801)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1801)">Battle of Copenhagen</a> in 1801, but retained his military interest: he made chalk models to sell, and rigged up four pistols to form a miniature <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">battery</a> which he would fire to celebrate military anniversaries.<a href="#cite_note-Myall14–15-42">[38]</a> Read Kemp's house, probably designed by <a href="/wiki/Amon_Wilds" title="Amon Wilds">Amon Wilds</a><a href="#cite_note-Musgrave178-43">[39]</a> or his son <a href="/wiki/Amon_Henry_Wilds" title="Amon Henry Wilds">Amon Henry Wilds</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> was called The Temple<a href="#cite_note-Myall11-40">[36]</a> (and was popularly nicknamed "Kemp's Folly" or "the Brighton Mansion").<a href="#cite_note-Myall13-44">[40]</a> He may have chosen the secluded site because it was close to the <a href="/wiki/Chalybeate" title="Chalybeate">chalybeate</a> spring at <a href="/wiki/St._Ann%27s_Well_Gardens,_Hove" title="St. Ann's Well Gardens, Hove">St Ann's Well</a> in the neighbouring parish of Hove, popularised by Dr <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_(doctor)" title="Richard Russell (doctor)">Richard Russell</a> in the 1750s but known to generations of shepherds before that for the health-giving effect it had on their sheep.<a href="#cite_note-Myall8-33">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Musgrave58-45">[41]</a> The iron-rich water was used in "a primitive little spa" for about 100 years, and the associated Pump Room and gardens were popular with visitors long after that.<a href="#cite_note-Musgrave54+58-46">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16_Montpelier_Terrace,_Brighton_(NHLE_Code_1380087).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/16_Montpelier_Terrace%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380087%29.jpg/220px-16_Montpelier_Terrace%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380087%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/16_Montpelier_Terrace%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380087%29.jpg/330px-16_Montpelier_Terrace%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380087%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/16_Montpelier_Terrace%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380087%29.jpg/440px-16_Montpelier_Terrace%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380087%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Montpelier Lodge was unusual in its use of red brickwork.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square,_Brighton_(NHLE_Code_1380729).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380729%29.jpg/220px-14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380729%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380729%29.jpg/330px-14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380729%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380729%29.jpg/440px-14%E2%80%9324_Powis_Square%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380729%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Powis Square was built round a central garden. <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Michael's Church, Brighton">St Michael and All Angels Church</a> is in the background.</figcaption></figure> The increasing popularity of Brighton as a resort resulted in an "exponential growth in housing". In 1783,<a href="#cite_note-NEB153-47">[43]</a> just after the first expansion outside the ancient four-street village,<a href="#cite_note-EncB189-48">[44]</a> there were 600 houses; in 1801 there were 1,282, by 1811 another 1,096 had been completed, and in 1821 there were 4,299.<a href="#cite_note-NEB153-47">[43]</a> The land of Church Hill was ideal for development—land ownership was not complex, unlike in many of the laines, and the sheltered southwest-facing slopes were close to both St Ann's Well and the centre of Brighton's fashionable social scene around <a href="/wiki/Old_Steine" title="Old Steine">Old Steine</a>. The area developed rapidly as a residential district from the 1820s, and was one of the earliest of Brighton's many 19th-century suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-NEB73-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC1–2-50">[46]</a> From 1823,<a href="#cite_note-Antram145-51">[47]</a> Read Kemp became heavily involved in his speculative <a href="/wiki/Kemp_Town" title="Kemp Town">Kemp Town</a> estate on the edge of Brighton, and he moved to a house there in 1827 (after which The Temple became a boys' school).<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> He began selling plots of land throughout the area, and streets and areas of housing took shape.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> Montpelier Road was one of the first to develop, on the site of the long track which had given Read Kemp access to the seafront from his house;<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall16-52">[48]</a> it is not named before 1820, but it appears on a map of 1822.<a href="#cite_note-Myall15–16-53">[49]</a> Houses such as numbers 53–56, by <a href="/wiki/Amon_Henry_Wilds" title="Amon Henry Wilds">Amon Henry Wilds</a>, and the semi-detached villas of numbers 91–96, date from about 1830.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171–172-54">[50]</a> Hampton Place, a sloping terrace of "especially pretty houses", was an 1820s development by speculator William Hallett, who occupied one of the houses himself.<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a> Around the same time, Amon Henry Wilds and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Busby_(architect)" title="Charles Busby (architect)">Charles Busby</a> built several houses on a former track which became Clifton Road, and work started at Montpelier Terrace with the construction of a pair of villas in 1823.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> Montpelier Lodge (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1830) on Montpelier Terrace stood out from the surrounding stuccoed buildings due to its red-brick walls; it also had an elaborate entrance with <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric columns</a> and a delicately patterned <a href="/wiki/Fanlight" title="Fanlight">fanlight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram172-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1380087-57">[53]</a> Development accelerated after Thomas Read Kemp was declared bankrupt in 1837, forcing him to sell all his land and move to France.<a href="#cite_note-Antram145-51">[47]</a> Parcels of land were rapidly developed with terraced streets (especially to the south, leading up from Western Road) and set-piece squares and crescents.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> The Temple was still isolated until 1834–35, when the firm of George Cheesman & Son built a new vicarage for the Vicar of Brighton <a href="/wiki/Henry_Michell_Wagner" title="Henry Michell Wagner">Henry Michell Wagner</a>. The "austere <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Neo-Tudor</a>" house stood back from the nearest road.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> In about 1840, Wagner's sister moved to the newly built Belvedere House nearby, and encouraged development of the adjacent road which became Montpelier Place.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> (The four-storey houses of Belvedere Terrace were built on her behalf in the grounds of Belvedere House in about 1852.)<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> Brighton was connected to the railway network in 1840 when a line to <a href="/wiki/Shoreham-by-Sea" title="Shoreham-by-Sea">Shoreham-by-Sea</a> opened, followed in 1841 by the completion of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Main_Line" title="Brighton Main Line">the link</a> to London.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB268-58">[54]</a> This stimulated growth even further, and the 1840s were a boom period for Montpelier.<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> (Brighton as a whole grew rapidly in the 1840s—between 1841 and 1851, 2,806 new houses were built compared to 437<a href="#cite_note-OOB155-21">[17]</a> for the preceding decade—but the effect was greater in Montpelier because <a href="/wiki/Brighton_railway_station" title="Brighton railway station">the station</a> was close by at the foot of West Hill.)<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> During the 1840s, Montpelier Villas and <a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Crescent" title="Montpelier Crescent">Montpelier Crescent</a> were laid out,<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> several houses were built in Clifton Road, Montpelier Road<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> and Montpelier Terrace were fully built up,<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a> Upper North Street became an important route lined with "modest yet grandly treated" houses,<a href="#cite_note-Antram177-59">[55]</a> the "very attractive composition" of Clifton Terrace was built (it was finished in 1847),<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a> Victoria Street was laid out with bay-fronted terraced houses, and Windlesham House was constructed near The Temple.<a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC8-62">[58]</a> This became the New Sussex Hospital in 1921 after alterations by the <a href="/wiki/Clayton_%26_Black" title="Clayton & Black">Clayton & Black</a> architecture firm, but is now flats called Temple Heights.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> Developments in the 1850s included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Square,_Brighton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powis Square, Brighton (page does not exist)">Powis Square</a>, Villas and Road, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norfolk_Terrace,_Brighton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norfolk Terrace, Brighton (page does not exist)">Norfolk Terrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Terrace,_Brighton" title="Vernon Terrace, Brighton">Vernon Terrace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> The Powis area took its name from property developer John Yearsley, who was from <a href="/wiki/Welshpool" title="Welshpool">Welshpool</a> in <a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram174-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall18-63">[59]</a> Yearsley bought several acres of land on a <a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">leasehold</a> basis from the Kemp family in 1846; he acquired the <a href="/wiki/Freehold_(law)" title="Freehold (law)">freehold</a> soon after.<a href="#cite_note-Myall18–20-64">[60]</a> (Thomas Read Kemp died in France in 1844, seven years after leaving Brighton to escape his debts.)<a href="#cite_note-Myall25-65">[61]</a> Land was also acquired and developed by the prominent Hallett, Wisden, Baring and Faithfull families.<a href="#cite_note-Myall68-66">[62]</a> (The <a href="/wiki/Baring_baronets#Baring_of_Larkbeer,_Devon_(1793)" title="Baring baronets">Baring baronets</a> were related to Thomas Read Kemp by marriage;<a href="#cite_note-Myall11-40">[36]</a> Henry Faithfull, who worked with Yearsley to develop the Powis area, was the brother of <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Faithfull" title="George Faithfull">George Faithfull</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Myall20-67">[63]</a> and Thomas and John Wisden were prolific builders.)<a href="#cite_note-Myall50-68">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:York_Mansions,_Montpelier,_Brighton_(Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/York_Mansions%2C_Montpelier%2C_Brighton_%28Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794%29.jpg/220px-York_Mansions%2C_Montpelier%2C_Brighton_%28Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/York_Mansions%2C_Montpelier%2C_Brighton_%28Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794%29.jpg/330px-York_Mansions%2C_Montpelier%2C_Brighton_%28Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/York_Mansions%2C_Montpelier%2C_Brighton_%28Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794%29.jpg/440px-York_Mansions%2C_Montpelier%2C_Brighton_%28Derivative_of_Geograph_Image_211794%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>York Mansions occupy the part of the site of the former New Sussex Hospital for Women.</figcaption></figure> Denmark Terrace, a continuation of Vernon Terrace, was erected in the 1860s;<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> at its south end it met Temple Gardens, the road on which The Temple stood.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> Also of the 1860s were parts of Norfolk Road (where development had started 30 years before),<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> St Michael's Place (1868–69) with terraced houses "impressive in their length and height",<a href="#cite_note-Antram173-69">[65]</a> and some infill development in Montpelier Terrace,<a href="#cite_note-MC6-70">[66]</a> Clifton Place,<a href="#cite_note-MC9-12">[10]</a> Powis Road<a href="#cite_note-MC11-71">[67]</a> and Vernon Terrace.<a href="#cite_note-MC12-72">[68]</a> Montpelier's residential development was nearly complete by the 1870s, as suggested by an <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> map of that time which shows undeveloped fields only in the area beyond Vernon Terrace.<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> In 1870<a href="#cite_note-MC11-71">[67]</a> or 1871,<a href="#cite_note-Antram177-59">[55]</a> Brighton Children's Hospital—established three years earlier in Western Road—moved to a new building on the site of the former Church Road School in West Hill. In 1880–81, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lainson" title="Thomas Lainson">Thomas Lainson</a> built the new <a href="/wiki/Royal_Alexandra_Hospital,_Brighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Alexandra Hospital, Brighton">Royal Alexandra Hospital for Sick Children</a> nearby at the junction of Dyke Road and Clifton Hill. It was extended and altered in 1904, 1906 and 1927–28.<a href="#cite_note-Antram177-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC11-71">[67]</a> Some more houses were built in the <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a>, mostly in the characteristic <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian style</a> with bright red brick "standing out amongst the stucco".<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> Examples include some in Temple Gardens and Vernon Gardens in the 1890s,<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a> a row on one side of Denmark Terrace,<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> Windlesham Road (where numbers 14 and 16, built in 1903, are especially elaborate)<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> and 18–25 Clifton Road (1903–04, with ornate <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gables</a> and turreted corners).<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a> In 1902, the London & Brighton Express Electric Railway Company sought permission to build a new surface railway line from <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a> to a terminus near the junction of Montpelier Road and Western Road, passing Clifton Hill. Hove Council supported the parliamentary Bill, but nothing came of it; when the promoters proposed it again in 1903, the council were no longer interested.<a href="#cite_note-EncH&Pv4p61-73">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-NA-LBEER-74">[70]</a> Additions and alterations to the streetscape have been minimal since the early 20th century. Windlesham House became the New Sussex Hospital for Women in 1921 following alterations by <a href="/wiki/Clayton_%26_Black" title="Clayton & Black">Clayton & Black</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> who similarly rebuilt a 19th-century house on Montpelier Road as a chapel for Brighton's Christian Scientist community in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-Antram172-56">[52]</a> The hospital was extended to the rear in the 1930s (but new flats called York Mansions were built on the site in 2001),<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> and the Royal Alexandra Hospital absorbed a neighbouring villa.<a href="#cite_note-MC11-71">[67]</a> Additions to the Brighton & Hove High School, which had taken over The Temple,<a href="#cite_note-MC2-36">[32]</a> included a "drab" set of classrooms in the 1960s, a later administration block and a glazed sports hall in 2001–02 (the last two were designed by architects Morgan Carn Partnership).<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> Demolitions included the former Emanuel Reformed Episcopal Church on Norfolk Terrace (replaced by a Baptist church) in 1965,<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> The Dials Congregational Church in 1972 (built in 1871; replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sheltered_housing" title="Sheltered housing">sheltered accommodation</a>) and Belvedere House (replaced in the 1970s by the Park Royal flats). Other blocks of flats were built in that decade on spare land on Montpelier Terrace and Clifton Terrace.<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buildings">Buildings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Buildings">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Churches">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of places of worship in Brighton and Hove">List of places of worship in Brighton and Hove</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_demolished_places_of_worship_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of demolished places of worship in Brighton and Hove">List of demolished places of worship in Brighton and Hove</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church,_Victoria_Road,_Brighton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church%2C_Victoria_Road%2C_Brighton.jpg/220px-St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church%2C_Victoria_Road%2C_Brighton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church%2C_Victoria_Road%2C_Brighton.jpg/330px-St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church%2C_Victoria_Road%2C_Brighton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church%2C_Victoria_Road%2C_Brighton.jpg/440px-St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church%2C_Victoria_Road%2C_Brighton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Michael's Church, Brighton">St Michael and All Angels Church</a> was built in two stages between 1858 and 1895.</figcaption></figure> The Montpelier and Clifton Hill areas have four extant churches and one former church building which is now in secular use. Three of these buildings have <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed status</a>. Another five churches were demolished in the postwar period. The <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Michael's Church, Brighton">St Michael and All Angels Church</a> has been a centre of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">high church</a> worship since it opened in 1861. It was one of several <a href="/wiki/Church_planting" title="Church planting">daughter churches planted out</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Paul's Church, Brighton">St Paul's Church</a> in the early <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram48-75">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Bodley" title="George Frederick Bodley">George Frederick Bodley</a> designed the original building on behalf of his friend Rev. Charles Beanlands, a <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">curate</a> at St Paul's, and work started in 1858. <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a> then supplied plans for an extension in 1865, but these were not executed until 1893–95 by J.S. Chapple, an architect from the recently deceased Burges' office. The two parts are connected by a four-<a href="/wiki/Bay_(architecture)" title="Bay (architecture)">bay</a> arcade inside, and Bodley's original nave has become an aisle. The building is a tall red-brick and stone <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> structure with <a href="/wiki/Tracery" title="Tracery">traceried</a> <a href="/wiki/Lancet_window" title="Lancet window">lancet windows</a>. The internal fittings combine "grandeur and artistry in a most satisfying way", and the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> has been called the best in Sussex. The church is Grade I-listed.<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1381083-76">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist,_Hove.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist%2C_Hove.JPG/220px-First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist%2C_Hove.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist%2C_Hove.JPG/330px-First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist%2C_Hove.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist%2C_Hove.JPG/440px-First_Church_of_Christ_Scientist%2C_Hove.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Clayton & Black converted a house into the First Church of Christ, Scientist in 1921.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalen%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Mary Magdalen's Church, Brighton">St Mary Magdalen's Church</a>, another brick and stone Gothic Revival building, was designed for the area's <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a> in 1861–64 by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Blount" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Blount">Gilbert Blount</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Walters" title="Frederick Walters">Frederick Walters</a> added a complementary school and <a href="/wiki/Clergy_house" title="Clergy house">presbytery</a> in 1871 and 1891 respectively, and the complex takes up a large site on Upper North Street. A tall tower with a landmark <a href="/wiki/Broach_spire" title="Broach spire">broach spire</a> stands almost separated from the <a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture#Decorated_Gothic" title="English Gothic architecture">Decorated Gothic</a> nave and chancel. The interior has contrasting stone (intricately carved to Blount's designs) and marble, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cribb" title="Joseph Cribb">Joseph Cribb</a> carved the effigies of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> which flank the entrance.<a href="#cite_note-Antram175–177-77">[73]</a> St Mary Magdalen's has Grade II-listed status.<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1381058-78">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(Brighton)" title="First Church of Christ, Scientist (Brighton)">First Church of Christ, Scientist</a>, serving the city's <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Scientists</a>, is a "notable" former house on Montpelier Road.<a href="#cite_note-MC6-70">[66]</a> It was built in the early 1850s and was converted into a church by local architects Clayton & Black in 1921. The exterior is <a href="/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)" title="Rustication (architecture)">rusticated</a> and has an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a> and large <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a> flanking the tiered windows. A panelled gallery survives inside.<a href="#cite_note-Antram172-56">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Stephen%27s_Church_(Closed),_Brighton.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/St_Stephen%27s_Church_%28Closed%29%2C_Brighton.JPG/220px-St_Stephen%27s_Church_%28Closed%29%2C_Brighton.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/St_Stephen%27s_Church_%28Closed%29%2C_Brighton.JPG/330px-St_Stephen%27s_Church_%28Closed%29%2C_Brighton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/St_Stephen%27s_Church_%28Closed%29%2C_Brighton.JPG/440px-St_Stephen%27s_Church_%28Closed%29%2C_Brighton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Stephen's Church, Brighton">St Stephen's Church</a> is now a daycare centre.</figcaption></figure> Brighton & Hove Central Spiritualist Church is based in a building on Boundary Passage.<a href="#cite_note-79">[note 5]</a> It was registered for marriages in April 1984.<a href="#cite_note-LG-49717-5893-80">[75]</a> The church previously occupied part of a house on Norfolk Terrace, for which a <a href="/wiki/Places_of_Worship_Registration_Act_1855" title="Places of Worship Registration Act 1855">worship registration</a> granted in April 1966 was revoked in February 1980.<a href="#cite_note-LG-48097-2408-81">[76]</a> The Grade II*-listed<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1380368-82">[77]</a> former <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Stephen's Church, Brighton">St Stephen's Church</a> on Montpelier Place closed in 1939 and is now used as a day centre for homeless people.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> George Cheesman designed the plain <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stuccoed</a> <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">Classical</a> façade, with <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a> and an octagonal lantern,<a href="#cite_note-VCS50-83">[78]</a> in 1851. Behind it lies the opulent former ballroom of the Castle Inn, built by <a href="/wiki/John_Crunden" title="John Crunden">John Crunden</a> in 1776 and later transported to Montpelier Place.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blomfield" title="Arthur Blomfield">Arthur Blomfield</a> made additions to the church in 1889. It was refurbished after a fire in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1380368-82">[77]</a> Christ Church stood on Montpelier Road south of Western Road between 1837 and 1982. George Cheesman designed it and Edmund Scott undertook restoration in 1886; both architects worked on other local churches as well.<a href="#cite_note-SPC-32440-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPC-33240-85">[80]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> building had a galleried interior and a spire matching that at <a href="/wiki/Chichester_Cathedral" title="Chichester Cathedral">Chichester Cathedral</a>. It was gutted in an arson attack in 1978; the exterior survived, but it was demolished in 1982 in favour of the <a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International/Modern-style</a> Christ Church House flats.<a href="#cite_note-Shipley14–15-86">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PoW6-87">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pevsner431–432-88">[83]</a> The congregation of the church moved to nearby <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Church,_Hove" title="St Patrick's Church, Hove">St Patrick's Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shipley15-89">[84]</a> The Dials Congregational Church stood at the junction of Clifton Road and Dyke Road (the site of the present Homelees House) between 1870 and 1972, although it closed in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-PoW10-90">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shipley29-91">[86]</a> Its 150-foot (46 m) "<a href="/wiki/Rhenish_helm" title="Rhenish helm">Rhenish helm</a>"-topped clock tower was prominent on the skyline, and behind was a large horseshoe-shaped <a href="/wiki/Auditorium" title="Auditorium">auditorium</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque Revival</a> building, described as "uncouth" by <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Nikolaus Pevsner</a>, was designed by local architect <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(architect)" title="Thomas Simpson (architect)">Thomas Simpson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pevsner437-92">[87]</a> Work on Homelees House, a sheltered housing scheme, began in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antram178-93">[88]</a> Norfolk Road Methodist Church, designed by C.O. Ellison, stood on Norfolk Road from 1868 until 1965. It was a large <a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture#Early_English_Gothic" title="English Gothic architecture">Early English</a>/<a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture#Decorated_Gothic" title="English Gothic architecture">Decorated</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> flint and stone building with a tower and spire, and it had an extensive array of <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PoW11-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shipley33-95">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hickman71-96">[91]</a> Externally and internally—where the main aisle led the eye to the central altar, and the <a href="/wiki/Lectern" title="Lectern">lectern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpit</a> stood to one side—there was little to distinguish it from an Anglican church,<a href="#cite_note-Hickman71-96">[91]</a> and it was known as the "Methodist Cathedral of the South".<a href="#cite_note-Hickman61-97">[92]</a> Demographic changes meant the congregation dwindled, and the church closed in 1964<a href="#cite_note-Hickman62-98">[93]</a> and was demolished the following year to be replaced by Braemar House, a large block of flats with a "bland red-brick façade".<a href="#cite_note-MC6-70">[66]</a> E. Joseph Wood's Montpelier Place Baptist Church of 1966–67 was built on the site of the former Emanuel Reformed Episcopal Church. The low brown-brick building stood on a corner site at the south-west end of Norfolk Terrace, straddling the ancient parish boundary.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-EncB39-99">[94]</a> There were echoes of <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry Cathedral</a> in the treatment of the façade, which had two <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gabled</a> <a href="/wiki/Bay_(architecture)" title="Bay (architecture)">bays</a> linked by an arcaded wall with a sawtooth-style roof. Each bay had vertical rows of recessed bricks. A flat-roofed church hall adjoined.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> The church closed in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-B&HN-11102017-100">[95]</a> was <a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatted</a> in 2014<a href="#cite_note-Argus-11064292-101">[96]</a> and was proposed for demolition and replacement with flats in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-MPBC-Plans-102">[97]</a> Demolition took place soon after planning permission was granted in October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-B&HN-11102017-100">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_public_buildings">Other public buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other public buildings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital,_Dyke_Road,_Brighton_(December_2016)_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital%2C_Dyke_Road%2C_Brighton_%28December_2016%29_%281%29.JPG/220px-Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital%2C_Dyke_Road%2C_Brighton_%28December_2016%29_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital%2C_Dyke_Road%2C_Brighton_%28December_2016%29_%281%29.JPG/330px-Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital%2C_Dyke_Road%2C_Brighton_%28December_2016%29_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital%2C_Dyke_Road%2C_Brighton_%28December_2016%29_%281%29.JPG/440px-Former_Royal_Alexandra_Children%27s_Hospital%2C_Dyke_Road%2C_Brighton_%28December_2016%29_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lainson" title="Thomas Lainson">Thomas Lainson</a> designed the former children's hospital on Dyke Road.</figcaption></figure> The Royal Alexandra Hospital for Sick Children, "an important part of Brighton life and a well known local landmark",<a href="#cite_note-MC11-71">[67]</a> was officially opened on 21 July 1881 and was used until 22 June 2007, when a new children's hospital opened on the Royal Sussex County Hospital campus elsewhere in the city.<a href="#cite_note-NEB288-103">[98]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lainson" title="Thomas Lainson">Thomas Lainson</a>, it was a three-storey <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne-style</a> building of red brick with <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> dressings and <a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">mouldings</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NEB288-103">[98]</a> enlivened by <a href="/wiki/Dutch_gable" title="Dutch gable">Dutch gables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupola" title="Cupola">cupolas</a> and a moulded <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouche</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram177-59">[55]</a> Extensions included a colonnade of balconies (later enclosed) by the <a href="/wiki/Clayton_%26_Black" title="Clayton & Black">Clayton & Black</a> firm in 1906 and a <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular-style</a> recessed wing of two storeys in 1927–28, partly tile-hung and with timber decoration to the gables.<a href="#cite_note-Antram177-59">[55]</a> The first mention of its potential closure came in 2001, when the Government allocated £28 million towards new facilities at the Royal Sussex County Hospital on Eastern Road in <a href="/wiki/Kemptown,_Brighton" title="Kemptown, Brighton">Kemptown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NEB288-103">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB293-104">[99]</a> By 2004, it seemed likely that the building would be demolished and the site redeveloped with luxury flats.<a href="#cite_note-Argus-08012004-105">[100]</a> Montpelier residents were unsuccessful in their attempt to get the former hospital <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a> by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, who stated that Lainson's original design had been altered so much that much of its character had been lost.<a href="#cite_note-NEB288-103">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Argus-19122006-106">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Wimpey" title="Taylor Wimpey">Taylor Wimpey</a>, a housebuilding company, bought the hospital in December 2006, but their proposals to clear the site and build a combined residential development and GP surgery were refused twice by the city council, in 2007 and 2008.<a href="#cite_note-NEB288-103">[98]</a> In 2009 Taylor Wimpey appealed against the latest refusal to grant planning permission for 149 flats and a four-day public inquiry was held at Brighton Town Hall in May 2009. The local conservation group, the Montpelier and Clifton Hill Association, led the opposition to Taylor Wimpey's plans to demolish the hospital. The planning inspector, John Papworth, turned down Taylor Wimpey's appeal, praising the architectural quality of Thomas Lainson's main building.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a> "I consider that the main block and particularly its southern façade and the southern end of the Dyke Road frontage contribute positively to the character and appearance of the conservation area", said Papworth.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a> In 2010 Taylor Wimpey abandoned its plans to clear the site and put forward a compromise plan, which kept the main Lainson building but demolished the later ancillary buildings on the site. This plan, which was supported by the Montpelier and Clifton Hill Association was approved by the council in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a> Flats on the site went on sale (marketed as Royal Alexandra Quarter) in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-RAQ-111">[106]</a> The iconic main hospital building, to be called the Lainson building,<a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a> is currently being restored and converted to provide 20 flats. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_(The_Old_Vicarage_Building).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Old_Vicarage_Building%29.JPG/220px-Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Old_Vicarage_Building%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Old_Vicarage_Building%29.JPG/330px-Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Old_Vicarage_Building%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Old_Vicarage_Building%29.JPG/440px-Brighton_and_Hove_High_School_%28The_Old_Vicarage_Building%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Brighton and Hove High School's sixth-form is in the former Brighton vicarage.</figcaption></figure> The Temple, now the main part of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton and Hove High School">Brighton and Hove High School</a>, was built in 1818–19 by <a href="/wiki/Amon_Wilds" title="Amon Wilds">Amon Wilds</a> or his son <a href="/wiki/Amon_Henry_Wilds" title="Amon Henry Wilds">Amon Henry Wilds</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a> and has been described as "certainly exotic enough for their tastes". The Wilds, along with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Busby_(architect)" title="Charles Busby (architect)">Charles Busby</a>, were the three architects most closely associated with the development of Brighton and Hove in the <a href="/wiki/British_Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="British Regency">Regency era</a> and the exuberant, confident and strongly planned architecture which still characterises the city.<a href="#cite_note-Antram10-113">[108]</a> The Temple was an early commission: they only moved to Brighton in 1814.<a href="#cite_note-Antram10-113">[108]</a> The north and east walls retain their original appearance: long colonnades are formed by a series of arches on top of paired vertical features of "bizarre form". These have unusual <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a> and have been described as resembling <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Egyptian-style</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC8-62">[58]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Engaged_column" title="Engaged column">engaged columns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> The west and south façades also had these, but the building was drastically altered in 1911–12: the domed roof was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Mansard_roof" title="Mansard roof">mansard</a>, a curious central spiral staircase housed in a cylindrical structure was removed, and chimneys were taken away.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a> The dimensions of the building match those of <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> The Temple is a Grade II listed building,<a href="#cite_note-NEB180-114">[109]</a> and the large flint and brick wall surrounding the building is also listed at Grade II; it is decorated with stone lion heads.<a href="#cite_note-MC8-62">[58]</a> An extension was also built at the southwest corner in 1891.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> Junior pupils shared the building with the senior school until 1904, after which they moved several times: to Norfolk Terrace, Montpelier Crescent, the former vicarage (in 1922)<a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a> and finally to new facilities in Hove. The former vicarage is now the school's sixth-form.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a> George Cheesman & Son designed it on behalf of Vicar of Brighton <a href="/wiki/Henry_Michell_Wagner" title="Henry Michell Wagner">Henry Michell Wagner</a> in 1834–35; it is a <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stuccoed</a> building with prominent <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gables</a> and windows with <a href="/wiki/Mullion" title="Mullion">mullions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transom_(architectural)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transom (architectural)">transoms</a>. An ornate staircase survives inside.<a href="#cite_note-Antram170-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC8-62">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residential_squares_and_terraces">Residential squares and terraces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Residential squares and terraces">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clifton_Terrace">Clifton Terrace</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clifton Terrace">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place,_Brighton_(IoE_Code_480524).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_480524%29.JPG/220px-1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_480524%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_480524%29.JPG/330px-1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_480524%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_480524%29.JPG/440px-1%E2%80%9323_Clifton_Terrace_and_18_Vine_Place%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_480524%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Clifton Terrace sits behind a raised pavement.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace,_Brighton.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace%2C_Brighton.JPG/220px-Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace%2C_Brighton.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace%2C_Brighton.JPG/330px-Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace%2C_Brighton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace%2C_Brighton.JPG/440px-Edwardian_Houses_on_Denmark_Terrace%2C_Brighton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The west side of Denmark Terrace (Vernon Gardens) has some early 20th-century red-brick houses.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montpelier_Crescent_(Southern_side)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Montpelier_Crescent_%28Southern_side%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg/220px-Montpelier_Crescent_%28Southern_side%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Montpelier_Crescent_%28Southern_side%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg/330px-Montpelier_Crescent_%28Southern_side%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Montpelier_Crescent_%28Southern_side%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg/440px-Montpelier_Crescent_%28Southern_side%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_211807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Crescent" title="Montpelier Crescent">Montpelier Crescent</a>'s houses have prominent <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vernon_Terrace_(General_View),_Brighton.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vernon_Terrace_%28General_View%29%2C_Brighton.JPG/220px-Vernon_Terrace_%28General_View%29%2C_Brighton.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vernon_Terrace_%28General_View%29%2C_Brighton.JPG/330px-Vernon_Terrace_%28General_View%29%2C_Brighton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vernon_Terrace_%28General_View%29%2C_Brighton.JPG/440px-Vernon_Terrace_%28General_View%29%2C_Brighton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Terrace,_Brighton" title="Vernon Terrace, Brighton">Vernon Terrace</a> has houses of various heights.</figcaption></figure> This runs east–wast across the slope of the hill, and has private gardens on the site of the former windmill which moved to Albion Hill in 1837.<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a> Most construction work took place in 1846–47,<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall25–26-115">[110]</a> but the 23-house terrace<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1380411-116">[111]</a> and its gardens were not finished until 1851.<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a> The houses combine the <a href="/wiki/Regency_architecture" title="Regency architecture">Regency-style</a> "gaiety and exuberance" with the "charm and vigour" of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian architecture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Musgrave248-117">[112]</a> and the use of angled <a href="/wiki/Bay_window" title="Bay window">bay windows</a> set below tented canopies is a late example of this distinctive local practice.<a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a> Each house is built as a villa, mostly with a three-window range shared across two neighbouring houses (the middle window is blank). Numbers 12–14 project slightly and are taller.<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1380411-116">[111]</a> The houses are raised above the roadway, giving views into the private gardens on the south side<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a> and "a commanding view of the sea".<a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a> Number 25, which stands separately and was also listed, was originally the Clifton Arms pub.<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Denmark_Terrace">Denmark Terrace</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Denmark Terrace">edit</a>]</div> The "heavy <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a> detailing" of the large four-storey bay-fronted houses on the east side identifies them as 1860s buildings. There are prominent <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornices</a> and pairs of porches whose style is reminiscent of the work of 18th-century architect <a href="/wiki/James_Gibbs" title="James Gibbs">James Gibbs</a>, and some houses are also linked by iron balconies on the top floor (a balcony runs along the whole length of the terrace at first-floor level). "Cheery" red-brick Edwardian houses face the terrace.<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC8-62">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Montpelier_Crescent">Montpelier Crescent</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Montpelier Crescent">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Crescent" title="Montpelier Crescent">Montpelier Crescent</a></div> Described as "the one great showpiece of the area"<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> and "the grandest of [Amon Henry Wilds'] many works",<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a> this <a href="/wiki/Crescent_(architecture)" title="Crescent (architecture)">crescent</a> was developed over about 12 years from 1843. The main section, numbers 7–31, was built between 1843 and 1847 and is Grade II*-listed.<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1380362-119">[114]</a> A further 13 houses (listed at Grade II) were added in four blocks, two at each end, in about 1855.<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a> The houses are arranged as linked villas, alternating between triplets and pairs: this layout is unique,<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a> and the placement of the crescent to face inland towards the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a> rather than the sea is also unusual.<a href="#cite_note-Antram168-1">[1]</a> Most houses are of five <a href="/wiki/Bay_(architecture)" title="Bay (architecture)">bays</a> with a central <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a>. Recessed entrances, <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a> topped by <a href="/wiki/Ammonite_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonite Order">ammonite</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a> and decorative <a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">mouldings</a> characterise the houses.<a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antram168–169-120">[115]</a> The gardens in front of the crescent are an important area of open space within the conservation area.<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Montpelier_Villas">Montpelier Villas</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Montpelier Villas">edit</a>]</div> Ten pairs of "delightful" semi-detached villas, five on each side of the road, make up this mid-1840s development by <a href="/wiki/Amon_Henry_Wilds" title="Amon Henry Wilds">Amon Henry Wilds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-BoB97-121">[116]</a> They are in the <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate style</a> with influences of <a href="/wiki/Regency_architecture" title="Regency architecture">Regency architecture</a>, and have two <a href="/wiki/Bow_window" title="Bow window">bow windows</a> with bonnet-style canopies above, <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stuccoed</a> walls with extensive <a href="/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)" title="Rustication (architecture)">rustication</a>, prominently <a href="/wiki/Bracket_(architecture)" title="Bracket (architecture)">bracketed</a> <a href="/wiki/Eaves" title="Eaves">eaves</a> and cast iron balconies.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-BoB97-121">[116]</a> The "charming" houses are set in spacious plots in a former bluebell wood.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antram173-69">[65]</a> The street was completed over the course of three years from about 1845.<a href="#cite_note-Antram173-69">[65]</a> All of the villas are listed buildings.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norfolk_Terrace,_Norfolk_Road_and_Belvedere_Terrace">Norfolk Terrace, Norfolk Road and Belvedere Terrace</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Norfolk Terrace, Norfolk Road and Belvedere Terrace">edit</a>]</div> Norfolk Terrace is an 1850s development. On the west side, the first (northernmost) 13 houses are a tall terrace by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lainson" title="Thomas Lainson">Thomas Lainson</a>, arranged as four pairs of flat-fronted houses with a wider central elevation whose windows are large and round-arched. The building is in the <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> South of that, the next six houses (with segmental <a href="/wiki/Bay_window" title="Bay window">bay windows</a> and cast iron balconies) have become the Abbey Hotel.<a href="#cite_note-MC7-122">[117]</a> Belvedere Terrace, built in 1852 for Mary Wagner, forms part of the east side of the road. It has four storeys, bow windows and balconies at first-floor level.<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC7-122">[117]</a> Two blocks of flats now occupy the site of Belvedere House, demolished in 1965, but its cobbled flint garden wall survives.<a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC7-122">[117]</a> Various smaller-scale houses, some of which are listed, line Norfolk Road, which developed between the 1830s and the 1860s;<a href="#cite_note-Antram171-39">[35]</a> canted bay windows and cast iron balconies are characteristic features. The street used to be called Chalybeate Street.<a href="#cite_note-MC6-70">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Powis_Grove,_Road,_Square_and_Villas">Powis Grove, Road, Square and Villas</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Powis Grove, Road, Square and Villas">edit</a>]</div> Powis Square is a rare example in Brighton of a fully enclosed inland square: most such developments are on the seafront, and its architectural details and scale are similar to these.<a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a> It is horseshoe-shaped, and one side is formed by Powis Road.<a href="#cite_note-MC10-123">[118]</a> The square was developed by John Yearsley over a few years around 1850: the leasehold to the land was granted on 17 September 1846,<a href="#cite_note-Myall20-67">[63]</a> and in 1852 seven people had moved in and another 14 houses were built but unoccupied. In some cases façades were built first and the structure of the house came later. A builder called Stephen Davey was responsible for many of the houses, which were originally planned to be flat-fronted but which were given bow fronts when built.<a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall21-124">[119]</a> They rise to three storeys and have features of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a> design.<a href="#cite_note-BoB95-118">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Musgrave249-125">[120]</a> A small garden in the centre of the square, taken over by Brighton Corporation in 1887,<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> enhances its intimate scale.<a href="#cite_note-Antram174-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC3-11">[9]</a> Powis Road's houses are not listed, unlike those of Powis Square, and were built a decade later. They also have three storeys, and their façades have canted <a href="/wiki/Bay_window" title="Bay window">bay windows</a> and cast iron balconies. St Michael and All Angels Church stands at the southern end.<a href="#cite_note-MC11-71">[67]</a> Powis Grove leads through to the east side of Powis Square and has various buildings of the mid 19th-century,<a href="#cite_note-Antram174-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC10-123">[118]</a> and Powis Villas has some listed detached and semi-detached houses of the 1850s and a short terrace with a long canopied veranda.<a href="#cite_note-Antram175-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC10-123">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vernon_Terrace">Vernon Terrace</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Vernon Terrace">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Terrace,_Brighton" title="Vernon Terrace, Brighton">Vernon Terrace, Brighton</a></div> This long, tall terrace of houses blocked the view of the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a> that Montpelier Crescent had when it was first built.<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> Along with the crescent, it forms "a townscape of outstanding quality".<a href="#cite_note-MC12-72">[68]</a> Only the west side of the road has houses, as the open space outside Montpelier Crescent fronts the east side. The terrace is in two parts: that to the south dates from the 1850s<a href="#cite_note-MC12-72">[68]</a> and is Grade II-listed in two parts. Numbers 1–6 have been dated to about 1860 and rise to three storeys (except numbers 1 and 6, which have an extra storey). Their individual detailing is slightly different, but <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilastered</a> doorcases, <a href="/wiki/Architrave" title="Architrave">architraves</a>, first-floor cast iron balconies and small <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a> above the windows are common themes.<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1381070-126">[121]</a> Numbers 7–16 date from 1856 to 1857<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> and are each of four storeys with a three-window range;<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1381071-127">[122]</a> there is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Bow_window" title="Bow window">bow windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cant_(architecture)" title="Cant (architecture)">canted</a> <a href="/wiki/Bay_window" title="Bay window">bays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> Many windows have <a href="/wiki/Architrave" title="Architrave">architraves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornices</a>, and there are bow-fronted cast iron balconies at first-floor level (and to the second and third floors at number 8).<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1381071-127">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windmills">Windmills</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Windmills">edit</a>]</div> Vine's Mill, a <a href="/wiki/Post_mill" title="Post mill">post mill</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Myall63-128">[123]</a> only took that name in 1818.<a href="#cite_note-Myall57-129">[124]</a> William Vine moved to the area from <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a>, where he had previously been a miller, in August 1818, having bought the mill at a recent auction. A house came with the windmill; it survives under the name "Rose Cottage" on Vine Place, which also took its name from him<a href="#cite_note-Myall57-129">[124]</a> (it was previously called Mill Place).<a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a> A storm in 1828 damaged the mill, but it was repaired.<a href="#cite_note-Myall58-130">[125]</a> It was the subject of two paintings by Constable in the 1820s<a href="#cite_note-Myall62-131">[126]</a> and a locally famous watercolour by Henry Bodle, who married into the Vine family, in 1843. By this time Vine had died and the mill had been bought by Edward Cuttress of <a href="/wiki/Round_Hill,_Brighton" title="Round Hill, Brighton">Round Hill</a>. It was demolished in 1849 or 1850,<a href="#cite_note-Myall58–59-132">[127]</a> and the gardens at 6 and 7 Powis Villas now occupy the site.<a href="#cite_note-Myall60-133">[128]</a> A second windmill stood nearby and has been confused with Vine's Mill in some sources. It is missed off most maps and has been called "something of an enigma".<a href="#cite_note-Myall63-128">[123]</a> It was a fan-tailed post mill, larger than Vine's Mill and of a more modern design—although one historian<a href="#cite_note-135">[note 6]</a> stated that it existed in 1780.<a href="#cite_note-Myall64-134">[129]</a> It did not receive an official name until the mid-19th century, by which time it had been moved to Windmill Street on Albion Hill in the <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Hill,_Brighton" title="Carlton Hill, Brighton">Carlton Hill</a> area of Brighton: because it had stood where the private gardens of Clifton Terrace were later built, it became known as the Clifton Gardens Mill.<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall64–65-136">[130]</a> The Windmill Inn on Upper North Street, licensed in 1828,<a href="#cite_note-Myall57-129">[124]</a> is close to the site of both mills; sources disagree on which one it was named after.<a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myall64-134">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Coach_House">The Coach House</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The Coach House">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clifton_Hill_Coach_House,_Brighton_(IoE_Code_493829).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Clifton_Hill_Coach_House%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_493829%29.jpg/220px-Clifton_Hill_Coach_House%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_493829%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Clifton_Hill_Coach_House%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_493829%29.jpg/330px-Clifton_Hill_Coach_House%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_493829%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Clifton_Hill_Coach_House%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_493829%29.jpg/440px-Clifton_Hill_Coach_House%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_493829%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The Coach House, a "rare survival", dates from 1852.</figcaption></figure> Now a Grade II listed building, The Coach House stands on Clifton Hill.<a href="#cite_note-NEB79-137">[131]</a> It was built as the <a href="/wiki/Carriage_house" title="Carriage house">coach house</a> of Aberdeen Lodge (now 5 Powis Villas). Statue-maker Joseph Rogers Browne built this house for himself, along with the neighbouring villas at numbers 6 and 7. He later wanted accommodation for his carriages, so in 1852 he erected the brick, flint and stucco building with space for two coaches and three horses. There was also a hay loft and a separate room for the coachman, and the exterior had <a href="/wiki/Coade_stone" title="Coade stone">Coade stone</a> decoration.<a href="#cite_note-Antram177-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-MC10-123">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB79-137">[131]</a> By the 1920s it had become a garage; in 1937, after this closed, the Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital bought it and used it to store their ambulances. Local conservationists set up a limited company, which bought the building in 2006, intending to turn it into a community centre and museum; but it was <a href="/wiki/Repossession" title="Repossession">repossessed</a> in 2008 and was thereafter used for storage by a clothes shop.<a href="#cite_note-NEB79-137">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Argus-3693789-138">[132]</a> In its assessment of the building's architectural importance when granting listed status in 2005, <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> described it as a "substantially intact and rare survival" with "polite architectural and sculptural features".<a href="#cite_note-NHLE-1391344-139">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_and_conservation_area">Heritage and conservation area</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Heritage and conservation area">edit</a>]</div> A building or structure is defined as "listed" when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest" by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport</a>, a Government department, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Planning_(Listed_Buildings_and_Conservation_Areas)_Act_1990" title="Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990">Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PLBCA-140">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a>, acts as an agency of this department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues.<a href="#cite_note-EH1-141">[135]</a> As of February 2001, there were 24 <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed buildings</a> with Grade I status, 70 Grade II*-listed and 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings in <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IoEStats-ESx-142">[136]</a> Grade I-listed buildings are defined as being of "exceptional interest" and greater than national importance; Grade II*, the next highest status, is used for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; and the lowest grade, Grade II, is used for "nationally important buildings of special interest".<a href="#cite_note-EH2-143">[137]</a> Many of Montpelier's buildings are listed: in 1981, 320 individual buildings<a href="#cite_note-145">[note 7]</a> were covered by an English Heritage listing,<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a> and the figure in 2010 was 351.<a href="#cite_note-NEB73-49">[45]</a> In the United Kingdom, a <a href="/wiki/Conservation_Area_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation Area (United Kingdom)">conservation area</a> is a principally urban area "of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance". Such areas are identified by local authorities according to criteria defined by Sections 69 and 70 of the <a href="/wiki/Planning_(Listed_Buildings_and_Conservation_Areas)_Act_1990" title="Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990">Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PLBCA-CA-146">[139]</a> The Montpelier & Clifton Hill conservation area, one of 34 in the city of Brighton and Hove,<a href="#cite_note-B&HCA-147">[140]</a> was created in 1973. Its boundaries were extended in 1977, and it now covers 75.4 acres (30.5 ha).<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable residents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_William_Robertson_b_William_Edward_Kilburn_c1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Frederick_William_Robertson_b_William_Edward_Kilburn_c1850.jpg/220px-Frederick_William_Robertson_b_William_Edward_Kilburn_c1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Frederick_William_Robertson_b_William_Edward_Kilburn_c1850.jpg/330px-Frederick_William_Robertson_b_William_Edward_Kilburn_c1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Frederick_William_Robertson_b_William_Edward_Kilburn_c1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Robertson" title="Frederick William Robertson">Frederick William Robertson</a> lived at two houses in Montpelier near the end of his life.</figcaption></figure> Many famous people have lived in Montpelier. <a href="/wiki/Sara_Forbes_Bonetta" title="Sara Forbes Bonetta">Sara Forbes Bonetta</a>, an African princess who became a favourite of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, lived at 17 Clifton Hill<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a> prior to her marriage at St Nicholas Church in 1862 to a merchant who lived at Victoria Road; she was unhappy in Brighton, describing the house as a "desolate little pigsty".<a href="#cite_note-NEB33-148">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Robertson" title="Frederick William Robertson">Frederick William Robertson</a>, a preacher, theologian and <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism#Anglican_divines" title="Anglicanism">divine</a> whose ministry at Brighton's <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Brighton" title="Holy Trinity Church, Brighton">Holy Trinity Church</a> was nationally famous, lived at 9 Montpelier Terrace from 1847 until 1850, then at 60 Montpelier Road until his death in 1853.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB277–278-149">[142]</a> Another resident of Montpelier Road was <a href="/wiki/William_King_(doctor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William King (doctor)">Dr William King</a>, an important figure in the British <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_cooperative_movement" title="History of the cooperative movement">cooperative movement</a>, who owned number 23.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Marx" title="Eleanor Marx">Eleanor Marx</a> lived at 6 Vernon Terrace for a time in the late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a> Screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Edward_Knoblock" title="Edward Knoblock">Edward Knoblock</a>'s home was at 20 Clifton Terrace,<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a> and another resident of that street was playwright and author <a href="/wiki/Alan_Melville_(writer)" title="Alan Melville (writer)">Alan Melville</a>: he lived at number 17 from 1951 until 1973 and then at 28 Victoria Street until his death in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-NEB74-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB76-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEB200-150">[143]</a> Author <a href="/wiki/Francis_King" title="Francis King">Francis King</a> lived at 17 Montpelier Villas, close to the 5 Powis Grove home of former <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Skeffington-Lodge" title="Thomas Skeffington-Lodge">Thomas Skeffington-Lodge</a>. He look legal action after noticing an "unflattering" resemblance to himself in King's 1970 novel A Domestic Animal; King had to sell his house to pay the legal costs after losing the case.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> Journalist and television personality <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Harding" title="Gilbert Harding">Gilbert Harding</a>—"the most-watched man on British television" during the 1950s—lived at 20 Montpelier Villas until his death in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-NEB144–145-151">[144]</a> Bandleader <a href="/wiki/Ray_Noble" title="Ray Noble">Ray Noble</a>'s birthplace, 1 Montpelier Terrace, has a <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> commemorating his time in Brighton.<a href="#cite_note-NEB75-41">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Distances are measured from <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Brighton" title="St Michael's Church, Brighton">St Michael and All Angels Church</a> to Black Lion Street and Hove Town Hall respectively. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> This is the distance between <a href="/wiki/Brighton_railway_station" title="Brighton railway station">Brighton</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge</a> railway stations.<a href="#cite_note-Body53-6">[5]</a> The former is close to Montpelier, to the east on the far side of <a href="/wiki/West_Hill,_Brighton" title="West Hill, Brighton">West Hill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Antram169-7">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> In An Historical and Descriptive Account of the Coast of Sussex. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> In R. Sicklemore, Descriptive Views of Brighton.<a href="#cite_note-Musgrave502-19">[16]</a> The publication date is incorrectly given as 1842 by Brighton and Hove City Council.<a href="#cite_note-MC1-10">[8]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Boundary Passage forms part of the ancient boundary between Brighton and Hove. It runs northwards from Western Road to Montpelier Place, parallel with Borough Street to the west and Temple Street to the east. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> F. Bramwell, The Windmills of Brighton—a series of articles in the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Herald" title="Brighton Herald">Brighton Herald</a> newspaper in August 1938.<a href="#cite_note-Myall64-134">[129]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> In many cases, two or more individual buildings are covered by a single listing:<a href="#cite_note-EH2-143">[137]</a> for example, the 38 houses of <a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Crescent" title="Montpelier Crescent">Montpelier Crescent</a> are accounted for by five separate listings.<a href="#cite_note-BHCC-LB-144">[138]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Brighton&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Antram168-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram168_1-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFAntramMorrice2008">Antram & Morrice 2008</a>, p. 168. </li> <li id="cite_note-Antram174-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Antram174_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram174_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram174_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram174_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram174_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram174_2-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFAntramMorrice2008">Antram & Morrice 2008</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-MontpelierToBtn-3"><a href="#cite_ref-MontpelierToBtn_3-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?saddr=Victoria+Rd&daddr=Black+Lion+St&hl=en&ll=50.830052,-0.171854&spn=0.00927,0.019248&sll=50.82341,-0.144153&sspn=0.009272,0.019248&geocode=FQiQBwMderb9_w%3BFaJ4BwMd6Nj9_w&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=ltm&z=16">"Montpelier, Brighton"</a> (Map). <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a>. Retrieved 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Montpelier%2C+Brighton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.co.uk%2Fmaps%3Fsaddr%3DVictoria%2BRd%26daddr%3DBlack%2BLion%2BSt%26hl%3Den%26ll%3D50.830052%2C-0.171854%26spn%3D0.00927%2C0.019248%26sll%3D50.82341%2C-0.144153%26sspn%3D0.009272%2C0.019248%26geocode%3DFQiQBwMderb9_w%253BFaJ4BwMd6Nj9_w%26t%3Dh%26dirflg%3Dw%26mra%3Dltm%26z%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MontpelierToHove-4"><a href="#cite_ref-MontpelierToHove_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?saddr=Victoria+Rd&daddr=Church+Ln%2FB2066&hl=en&sll=50.830255,-0.172327&sspn=0.00927,0.019248&geocode=FQiQBwMderb9_w%3BFeaRBwMdrmP9_w&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=dme&mrsp=1&sz=16&z=16">"Montpelier, Brighton"</a> (Map). <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a>. Retrieved 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Montpelier%2C+Brighton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.co.uk%2Fmaps%3Fsaddr%3DVictoria%2BRd%26daddr%3DChurch%2BLn%252FB2066%26hl%3Den%26sll%3D50.830255%2C-0.172327%26sspn%3D0.00927%2C0.019248%26geocode%3DFQiQBwMderb9_w%253BFeaRBwMdrmP9_w%26t%3Dh%26dirflg%3Dw%26mra%3Ddme%26mrsp%3D1%26sz%3D16%26z%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Body53-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Body53_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBody1984">Body 1984</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-Antram169-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antram169_7-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFAntramMorrice2008">Antram & Morrice 2008</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-Myall7-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myall7_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myall7_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myall7_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myall7_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myall7_9-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFMyall2008">Myall 2008</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-MC1-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC1_10-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/sites/brighton-hove.gov.uk/files/downloads/conservation/Character_Area_Montpelier_Clifton__Final.pdf">"Montpelier & Clifton Hill Conservation Area Character Statement"</a> (PDF). Brighton & Hove City Council (Design & Conservation Department). 20 October 2005. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819082203/http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/sites/brighton-hove.gov.uk/files/downloads/conservation/Character_Area_Montpelier_Clifton__Final.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2014. 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Cambridge: Patrick Stephens Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-664-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-664-5"><bdi>0-85059-664-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railways+of+the+Southern+Region&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=PSL+Field+Guides&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens+Ltd&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-85059-664-5&rft.aulast=Body&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrighton_Polytechnic._School_of_Architecture_and_Interior_Design1987" class="citation book cs1">Brighton Polytechnic. School of Architecture and Interior Design (1987). A Guide to the Buildings of Brighton. Macclesfield: McMillan Martin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-869865-03-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-869865-03-0"><bdi>1-869865-03-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Buildings+of+Brighton&rft.place=Macclesfield&rft.pub=McMillan+Martin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=1-869865-03-0&rft.au=Brighton+Polytechnic.+School+of+Architecture+and+Interior+Design&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarder1990" class="citation book cs1">Carder, Timothy (1990). The Encyclopaedia of Brighton. Lewes: East Sussex County Libraries. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86147-315-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86147-315-9"><bdi>0-86147-315-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Brighton&rft.place=Lewes&rft.pub=East+Sussex+County+Libraries&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-86147-315-9&rft.aulast=Carder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollis2010" class="citation book cs1">Collis, Rose (2010). The New Encyclopaedia of Brighton. (based on the original by Tim Carder) (1st ed.). Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9564664-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9564664-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9564664-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopaedia+of+Brighton&rft.place=Brighton&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Brighton+%26+Hove+Libraries&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9564664-0-2&rft.aulast=Collis&rft.aufirst=Rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElleray1981" class="citation book cs1">Elleray, D. Robert (1981). The Victorian Churches of Sussex. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85033-378-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85033-378-4"><bdi>0-85033-378-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Victorian+Churches+of+Sussex&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Phillimore+%26+Co&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-85033-378-4&rft.aulast=Elleray&rft.aufirst=D.+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElleray2004" class="citation book cs1">Elleray, D. Robert (2004). Sussex Places of Worship. Worthing: Optimus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9533132-7-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9533132-7-1"><bdi>0-9533132-7-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sussex+Places+of+Worship&rft.place=Worthing&rft.pub=Optimus+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9533132-7-1&rft.aulast=Elleray&rft.aufirst=D.+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1975" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Edmund M. (1975) [1954]. Brighton: Old Ocean's Bauble. Hassocks: Flare Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901759-39-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-901759-39-2"><bdi>0-901759-39-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brighton%3A+Old+Ocean%27s+Bauble&rft.place=Hassocks&rft.pub=Flare+Books&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-901759-39-2&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Edmund+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickman2007" class="citation book cs1">Hickman, Michael R. (2007). A Story to Tell: 200 Years of Methodism in Brighton and Hove. Brighton: Brighton and Hove <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Circuit">Methodist Circuit</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9556506-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9556506-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9556506-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Story+to+Tell%3A+200+Years+of+Methodism+in+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.place=Brighton&rft.pub=Brighton+and+Hove+Methodist+Circuit&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9556506-0-4&rft.aulast=Hickman&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslieShort1999" class="citation book cs1">Leslie, Kim; Short, Brian, eds. (1999). An Historical Atlas of Sussex. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86077-112-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86077-112-2"><bdi>1-86077-112-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Atlas+of+Sussex&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Phillimore+%26+Co&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-86077-112-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton2002" class="citation book cs1">Middleton, Judy (2002). The Encyclopaedia of Hove & Portslade. Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Hove+%26+Portslade&rft.place=Brighton&rft.pub=Brighton+%26+Hove+Libraries&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Judy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusgrave1981" class="citation book cs1">Musgrave, Clifford (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeinbrightonfr0000musg">Life in Brighton</a>. Rochester: Rochester Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-09285-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-09285-3"><bdi>0-571-09285-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+in+Brighton&rft.place=Rochester&rft.pub=Rochester+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-571-09285-3&rft.aulast=Musgrave&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeinbrightonfr0000musg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyall2008" class="citation book cs1">Myall, Steve (2008). The Victorian Development of the Clifton, Montpelier and Powis Estates of Brighton. Lewes: Pomegranate Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9559006-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9559006-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9559006-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Victorian+Development+of+the+Clifton%2C+Montpelier+and+Powis+Estates+of+Brighton&rft.place=Lewes&rft.pub=Pomegranate+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9559006-0-0&rft.aulast=Myall&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNairnPevsner1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Nairn" title="Ian Nairn">Nairn, Ian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Pevsner, Nikolaus</a> (1965). The Buildings of England: Sussex. Harmondsworth: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-071028-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-071028-0"><bdi>0-14-071028-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buildings+of+England%3A+Sussex&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-14-071028-0&rft.aulast=Nairn&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Pevsner%2C+Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipley2001" class="citation book cs1">Shipley, Berys J.M. (2001). The Lost Churches of Brighton and Hove. Worthing: Optimus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9533132-5-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9533132-5-5"><bdi>0-9533132-5-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Churches+of+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.place=Worthing&rft.pub=Optimus+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9533132-5-5&rft.aulast=Shipley&rft.aufirst=Berys+J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Brighton" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montpelier,_Brighton&params=50.8272_N_0.1496_W_">50°49′38″N 0°08′59″W / 50.8272°N 0.1496°W / 50.8272; -0.1496</a> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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id="City_of_Brighton_and_Hove" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brighton" title="Borough of Brighton">Borough of Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hove" title="Borough of Hove">Borough of Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Blitz" title="Brighton Blitz">Brighton Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Brighton" title="List of films set in Brighton">Brighton in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brighton" title="History of Brighton">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Brighton_and_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Brighton and Hove">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of people from Brighton and Hove">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organs_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Pipe organs of Brighton and Hove">Pipe organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_services_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Public services in Brighton and Hove">Public services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_sewers" title="Brighton sewers">Sewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Transport in Brighton and Hove">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesbourne,_Brighton" title="Wellesbourne, Brighton">Wellesbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lewes_Road" title="Battle of Lewes Road">Battle of Lewes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Blitz" title="Brighton Blitz">Brighton Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_trunk_murders" title="Brighton trunk murders">Trunk murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Athina_B" title="MS Athina B">Beaching of Athina B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Grand Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babes_in_the_Wood_murders_(Brighton)" title="Babes in the Wood murders (Brighton)">Babes in the Wood murders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_Open_House" title="Artists Open House">Artists Open Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Festival" title="Brighton Festival">Brighton Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Fringe" title="Brighton Fringe">Brighton Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Half_Marathon" title="Brighton Half Marathon">Brighton Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Marathon" title="Brighton Marathon">Brighton Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra">Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Photo_Biennial" title="Brighton Photo Biennial">Brighton Photo Biennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pride" title="Brighton Pride">Brighton Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Science_Festival" title="Brighton Science Festival">Brighton Science Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Speed_Trials" title="Brighton Speed Trials">Brighton Speed Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_to_Brighton_events" title="London to Brighton events">London to Brighton events</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run" title="London to Brighton Veteran Car Run">Veteran Car Run</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skint_Records" title="Skint Records">Skint Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Sussex Symphony Orchestra">Sussex Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Escape_Festival" title="The Great Escape Festival">The Great Escape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Local elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2003 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2007 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2011 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2015 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2023 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Kemptown_and_Peacehaven_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(British_politician)" title="Chris Ward (British politician)">Chris Ward</a> (Lab.)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Berry" title="Siân Berry">Siân Berry</a> (Green)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_and_Portslade_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hove and Portslade (UK Parliament constituency)">Hove and Portslade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kyle" title="Peter Kyle">Peter Kyle</a> (Lab.)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A23_road" title="A23 road">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A27_road" title="A27 road">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A259_road" title="A259 road">A259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_Road,_Brighton" title="Lewes Road, Brighton">Lewes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Road,_Brighton" title="Queen's Road, Brighton">Queen's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_(bus_company)" title="Brighton & Hove (bus company)">Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Lemon" title="The Big Lemon">The Big Lemon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_railway_station" title="Brighton railway station">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Park_railway_station" title="Preston Park railway station">Preston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_railway_station" title="Hove railway station">Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrington_railway_station" title="Aldrington railway station">Aldrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portslade_railway_station" title="Portslade railway station">Portslade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Road_(Brighton)_railway_station" title="London Road (Brighton) railway station">London Road (Brighton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb_railway_station" title="Moulsecoomb railway station">Moulsecoomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmer_railway_station" title="Falmer railway station">Falmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Club_Halt_railway_station_(Hove)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf Club Halt railway station (Hove)">Golf Club Halt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartington_Road_Halt_railway_station" title="Hartington Road Halt railway station">Hartington Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Road_Halt_railway_station" title="Holland Road Halt railway station">Holland Road Halt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Town_railway_station" title="Kemp Town railway station">Kemp Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_Road_railway_station" title="Lewes Road railway station">Lewes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Halt_railway_station" title="Rowan Halt railway station">Rowan Halt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_railway_works" title="Brighton railway works">Brighton railway works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliftonville_Curve" title="Cliftonville Curve">Cliftonville Curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Road_Viaduct" title="London Road Viaduct">London Road Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Lovers_Walk_Traction_and_Rolling_Stock_Maintenance_Depot" title="Brighton Lovers Walk Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot">Lovers Walk depot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuctuc_Ltd" title="Tuctuc Ltd">Auto rickshaws (TucTuc Ltd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Rottingdean_Seashore_Electric_Railway" title="Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Railway">Daddy Long-Legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Corporation_Tramways" title="Brighton Corporation Tramways">Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Brighton" title="Trolleybuses in Brighton">Trolleybuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk%27s_Electric_Railway" title="Volk's Electric Railway">Volk's Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">The Argus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Herald" title="Brighton Herald">Brighton Herald</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Voice" title="Brighton Voice">Brighton Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Sussex">BBC Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_South" title="Heart South">Heart South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_South" title="Capital South">Capital South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Reverb" title="Radio Reverb">Radio Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SchNEWS" title="SchNEWS">SchNEWS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C." title="Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.">Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_W.F.C." title="Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C.">Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_United_F.C." title="Brighton United F.C.">Brighton United F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak_F.C." title="Mile Oak F.C.">Mile Oak F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltdean_United_F.C." title="Saltdean United F.C.">Saltdean United F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_F.C." title="Whitehawk F.C.">Whitehawk F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Ground" title="Goldstone Ground">Goldstone Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmer_Stadium" title="Falmer Stadium">Falmer Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Worthing_%26_District_Football_League" title="Brighton, Worthing & District Football League">Brighton, Worthing & District Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County_Cricket_Club" title="Sussex County Cricket Club">Sussex C.C.C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_Cricket_Club" title="Brighton and Hove Cricket Club">Brighton & Hove C.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Cricket_Ground,_Hove" title="County Cricket Ground, Hove">County Cricket Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rugby union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Football_Club_(RFU)" title="Brighton Football Club (RFU)">Brighton F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_Rugby_Club" title="Hove Rugby Club">Hove Rugby Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Greyhound_Stadium" title="Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium">Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdean_Stadium" title="Withdean Stadium">Withdean Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Bears" title="Brighton Bears">Brighton Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Racecourse" title="Brighton Racecourse">Brighton Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Rockers_Roller_Derby" title="Brighton Rockers Roller Derby">Brighton Rockers Roller Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Tigers" title="Brighton Tigers">Brighton Tigers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove">Buildings and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of places of worship in Brighton and Hove">Places of worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_demolished_places_of_worship_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of demolished places of worship in Brighton and Hove">Demolished places of worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Grade I listed buildings in Brighton and Hove">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmarks_and_buildings_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of landmarks and buildings of Brighton and Hove">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Libraries in Brighton and Hove">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_in_Brighton" title="Pubs in Brighton">Pubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of schools in Brighton and Hove">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cemeteries_and_crematoria_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Cemeteries and crematoria in Brighton and Hove">Cemeteries and crematoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_areas_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of conservation areas in Brighton and Hove">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Flint_Grotto" title="Brighton Flint Grotto">Brighton Flint Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Brighton_Park" title="East Brighton Park">East Brighton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_Park" title="Hove Park">Hove Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Steine_Gardens" title="Old Steine Gardens">Old Steine Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Park,_Brighton" title="Preston Park, Brighton">Preston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Brighton" title="Queen's Park, Brighton">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ann%27s_Well_Gardens,_Hove" title="St. Ann's Well Gardens, Hove">St Ann's Well Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmer_Park" title="Stanmer Park">Stanmer Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Level,_Brighton" title="The Level, Brighton">The Level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Park" title="Wild Park">Wild Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clarke_Park" title="William Clarke Park">William Clarke Park</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Brighton_Parks_Police" title="Brighton Parks Police">Brighton Parks Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of locations in Brighton and Hove">Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldrington" title="Aldrington">Aldrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsdean" title="Balsdean">Balsdean</a> (lost village)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Road,_Brighton" title="Bear Road, Brighton">Bear Road/Coombe Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevendean" title="Bevendean">Bevendean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_(Brighton_and_Hove)" title="Black Rock (Brighton and Hove)">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Marina" title="Brighton Marina">Brighton Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Hove" title="Brunswick, Hove">Brunswick, Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Hill,_Brighton" title="Carlton Hill, Brighton">Carlton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_city_centre" title="Brighton and Hove city centre">City centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldean" title="Coldean">Coldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak#Downs_Park" title="Mile Oak">Downs Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_Grove,_Brighton" title="Elm Grove, Brighton">Elm Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">Hangleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Brighton" title="Hanover, Brighton">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollingbury" title="Hollingbury">Hollingbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollingdean" title="Hollingdean">Hollingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Town" title="Kemp Town">Kemp Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemptown,_Brighton" title="Kemptown, Brighton">Kemptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">The Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanes" title="The Lanes">The Lanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak" title="Mile Oak">Mile Oak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb" title="Moulsecoomb">Moulsecoomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Quarter" title="New England Quarter">New England Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Laine" title="North Laine">North Laine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Steine" title="Old Steine">Old Steine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovingdean" title="Ovingdean">Ovingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade-by-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Park,_Brighton" title="Preston Park, Brighton">Preston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Brighton" title="Preston, Brighton">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonville,_Brighton" title="Prestonville, Brighton">Prestonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Brighton" title="Queen's Park, Brighton">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roedean" title="Roedean">Roedean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottingdean" title="Rottingdean">Rottingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Hill,_Brighton" title="Round Hill, Brighton">Round Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltdean" title="Saltdean">Saltdean</a></li> <li><a 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