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id="toc-Production_stages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pre-production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post-production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_filmmaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_filmmaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Independent filmmaking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_filmmaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Filmmaking</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="إنتاج إعلامي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنتاج إعلامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producci%C3%B3n_cinematogr%C3%A1fica" title="Producción cinematográfica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Producción cinematográfica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3" title="চলচ্চিত্রনির্মাণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চলচ্চিত্রনির্মাণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Филмопроизводство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филмопроизводство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producci%C3%B3_cinematogr%C3%A0fica" title="Producció cinematogràfica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Producció cinematogràfica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Кинотăвăм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кинотăвăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmov%C3%A1_produkce" title="Filmová produkce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filmová produkce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmproduktion" title="Filmproduktion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filmproduktion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmproduktion" title="Filmproduktion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Filmproduktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producci%C3%B3n_cinematogr%C3%A1fica" title="Producción cinematográfica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Producción cinematográfica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinfarado" title="Kinfarado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kinfarado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinemagintza" title="Zinemagintza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zinemagintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="فیلم‌سازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم‌سازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alisation_(audiovisuel)" title="Réalisation (audiovisuel) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réalisation (audiovisuel)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scann%C3%A1na%C3%ADocht" title="Scannánaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scannánaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produci%C3%B3n_de_cinema" title="Produción de cinema – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Produción de cinema" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%ED%99%94_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%91" title="영화 제작 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영화 제작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կինոարտադրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կինոարտադրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="फ़िल्म-निर्माण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़िल्म-निर्माण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuatan_film" title="Pembuatan film – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembuatan film" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produzione_cinematografica" title="Produzione cinematografica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Produzione cinematografica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кинематография – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кинематография" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmgy%C3%A1rt%C3%A1s" title="Filmgyártás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Filmgyártás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кинопроизводство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинопроизводство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="സിനിമാ നിർമ്മാണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിനിമാ നിർമ്മാണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuatan_filem" title="Pembuatan filem – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembuatan filem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C" title="映画製作 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="映画製作" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmproduksjon" title="Filmproduksjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filmproduksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਫ਼ਿਲਮਸਾਜ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਿਲਮਸਾਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A" title="ការបង្កើតភាពយន្ដ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ការបង្កើតភាពយន្ដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkcja_filmu" title="Produkcja filmu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Produkcja filmu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cinematogr%C3%A1fica" title="Produção cinematográfica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Produção cinematográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesul_de_produc%C8%9Bie_al_unui_film" title="Procesul de producție al unui film – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Procesul de producție al unui film" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кинопроизводство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кинопроизводство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%A7_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="චිත්‍රපට නිර්මාණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චිත්‍රපට නිර්මාණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvorba_filmu" title="Tvorba filmu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tvorba filmu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmski_proces" title="Filmski proces – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filmski proces" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85" title="بەرھەمھێنانی فیلم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرھەمھێنانی فیلم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Филмска продукција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филмска продукција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elokuvanteko" title="Elokuvanteko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elokuvanteko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmproduktion" title="Filmproduktion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filmproduktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Process of making a motion picture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Filmmaking%22">"Filmmaking"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Filmmaking%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Filmmaking%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Filmmaking%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Filmmaking%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Filmmaking%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.1em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Filmmaking" title="Category:Filmmaking">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#36454F;padding-bottom:0.1em;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;color:white;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Filmmaking</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Video-x-generic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reel of film"><img alt="Reel of film" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/90px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/135px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/180px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Development">Development</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Step_outline" title="Step outline">Step outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">Film treatment</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scriptment" title="Scriptment">Scriptment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">Screenplay</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_finance" title="Film finance">Film finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_budgeting" title="Film budgeting">Film budgeting</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green-light" class="mw-redirect" title="Green-light">Green-light</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_down_the_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking down the script">Breaking down the script</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_breakdown" title="Script breakdown">Script breakdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_board" title="Production board">Production board</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Production strip">Production strip</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_out_of_Days_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Day out of Days (filmmaking)">Day Out of Days</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_schedule" title="Production schedule">Production schedule</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_liner_schedule" title="One liner schedule">One liner schedule</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_schedule" title="Shooting schedule">Shooting schedule</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Production</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Videography" title="Videography">Videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_script" title="Shooting script">Shooting script</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_inventory_report" title="Film inventory report">Film inventory report</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daily_call_sheet" title="Daily call sheet">Daily call sheet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_report" title="Production report">Production report</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daily_production_report" title="Daily production report">Daily production report</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daily_progress_report" title="Daily progress report">Daily progress report</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daily_editor_log" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily editor log">Daily editor log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_report" title="Sound report">Sound report</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Cost report</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editing</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_(filmmaking)" title="Re-recording (filmmaking)">Re-recording</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sync_sound" title="Sync sound">Sync sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Music</a></li></ul> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effects</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">sound</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual</a>)</li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negative_cost" title="Negative cost">Negative cost</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">Distribution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">Distribution</a></li></ul> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Film_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Film release">Film release</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Wide_release" title="Wide release">wide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Limited_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited release">limited</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_release_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delayed release (film)">delayed</a>)</li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roadshow_theatrical_release" title="Roadshow theatrical release">Roadshow</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Film history">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmography" title="Filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_motion_picture_terms" title="Glossary of motion picture terms">Glossary</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (filmmaking)">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(filmmaking)" title="Pitch (filmmaking)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">Screenwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spec_script" title="Spec script">Spec script</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;font-size:smaller;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filmmaking_sidebar" title="Template:Filmmaking sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Filmmaking_sidebar" title="Template talk:Filmmaking sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Filmmaking_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Filmmaking sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Filmmaking</b> or <b>film production</b> is the process by which a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion picture</a> is <a href="#Production">produced</a>. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, beginning with an initial story, idea, or commission. Production then continues through <a href="/wiki/Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">screenwriting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">casting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">pre-production</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">sound recording</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a>, and screening the finished product before an audience, which may result in a <a href="/wiki/Film_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Film release">film release</a> and exhibition. The process is nonlinear, as the director typically shoots the script out of sequence, repeats shots as needed, and puts them together through editing later. Filmmaking occurs in a variety of economic, social, and political contexts around the world, and uses a variety of technologies and <a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">cinematic techniques</a> to make theatrical films, episodic films for television and streaming platforms, music videos, and promotional and educational films. </p><p>Although filmmaking originally involved the use of <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">film</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinematography" title="Digital cinematography">film productions are now digital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, filmmaking refers to the process of crafting an audio-visual story commercially for distribution or broadcast. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_stages">Production stages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Film production consists of five major stages:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Development: Ideas for the film are created, rights to existing intellectual properties are purchased, etc., and the screenplay is written. <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financing</a> for the project is sought and obtained.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a>: Arrangements and preparations are made for the shoot, such as hiring cast and <a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">film crew</a>, selecting locations, and constructing sets.</li> <li>Production: The raw footage and other elements of the film are recorded during the film shoot, including <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">principal photography</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a>: The images, sound, and visual effects of the recorded film are edited and combined into a finished product.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">Distribution</a>: The completed film is distributed, marketed, and screened in cinemas or released on <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a> to be viewed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development stage contains both general and specific components. Each <a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">film studio</a> has a yearly retreat where their top <a href="/wiki/Creative_executive" title="Creative executive">creative executives</a> meet and interact on a variety of areas and topics they wish to explore through collaborations with producers and screenwriters, and then ultimately, <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">directors</a>, actors, and actresses. They choose trending topics from the media and real life, as well as many other sources, to determine their yearly agenda. For example, in a year when <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action</a> is popular, they may wish to explore that topic in one or more movies. Sometimes, they purchase the rights to articles, bestselling novels, <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">plays</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">remaking of older films</a>, stories with some basis in real life through a person or event, a <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a>. Likewise, research through surveys may inform their decisions. They may have had <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbusters</a> from their previous year and wish to explore a sequel. They will additionally acquire a completed and independently financed and produced film. Such notable examples are <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Miss_Sunshine" title="Little Miss Sunshine">Little Miss Sunshine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(film)" title="The English Patient (film)">The English Patient</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a></i>. </p><p>Studios hold general meetings with producers and screenwriters about original story ideas. "In my decade working as a writer, I knew of only a few that were sold and fewer that made it to the screen," relays writer Wayne Powers. Alan Watt, writer-director and Founder of The LA Writer's Lab confirmed that completed original screenplays, referred to as "specs", make big news when they sell, but these make up a very small portion of movies that are ultimately given the <a href="/wiki/Green-light" class="mw-redirect" title="Green-light">green light</a> to be produced by the president of a studio. </p><p>The executives return from the retreat with fairly well-established instructions. They spread these concepts through the industry community, especially to producers they have deals with (traditional studios will have those producers in offices on their lots). Also, agents for screenwriters are made aware. This results in a pairing of producers with <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writers</a>, where they develop a "take", a basic story idea that utilizes the concept given by studio executives. Often it is a competition with several pairings meeting with studio executives and "pitching" their "take". Very few writing jobs are from original ideas brought to studios by producers or writers. Perhaps one movie a year will be a "spec" script that was purchased. </p><p>Once the producer and writer have sold their approach to the desired subject matter, they begin to work. However, many writers and producers usually pass before a particular concept is realized in a way that is awarded a green light to production. Production of <i><a href="/wiki/Unforgiven" title="Unforgiven">Unforgiven</a></i>, which earned Oscars for its Director/Star <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a>, as well as its screenwriter, David Webb Peoples, required fifteen years. Powers related that <i><a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Job_(2003_film)" title="The Italian Job (2003 film)">The Italian Job</a></i> took approximately eight years from concept to screen, which, as Powers added, "is average." And most concepts turned into paid screenplays wind up gathering dust on some executive's shelf, never to see production. </p><p>Writers have different styles and creative processes; some have stronger track records than others. Because of this, how the development process proceeds from there and how much detail a writer returns to the studio to divulge before beginning writing can vary greatly. Screenwriters are often protected by the union, the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a>, or WGA. The WGA allows a screenwriter to contract for One Draft, One Revision, and One Polish. Bob Eisle, Writer and Member of the Guild Board, states, "Additional writing requires an extension of contracts and payment for additional work". They are paid 80% of their fee after the First Draft. Preliminary discussions are minimal with studio executives but might be quite detailed with the producer. </p><p>Next, a <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a> writes a <a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">screenplay</a> over a period of several months, or however long it takes. Deadlines are in their contracts but there is no pressure to adhere to them. Again, every writer's process and speed vary. The screenwriter may rewrite the script several times to improve dramatization, clarity, structure, characters, dialogue, and overall style. </p><p>Script Coverage, a freelance job held by recent university graduates, does not feed scripts into the system that are ready for production nor already produced. "Coverage" is a way for young screenwriters to be read and their ideas might make their way up to an executive or famous producer and result in "meet and greets" where relations with up-and-comers can be formed. But it has not historically yielded ideas studios pursue into production. </p><p>The studio is the <a href="/wiki/Film_distributor" title="Film distributor">film distributor</a> who at an early stage attempts to choose a slate of concepts that are likely to have market appeal and find potential financial success. <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> distributors consider factors such as the <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">film genre</a>, the target audience and assumed audience, the historical success of similar films, the actors who might appear in the film, and potential directors. All these factors imply a certain appeal of the film to a possible audience. Not all films make a profit from the theatrical release alone, however, the studio mainly targets the opening weekend and the second weekend to make most domestic profits. Occasionally, a film called a "word of mouth film" does not market strongly but its success spreads by word of mouth. It slowly gains its audience. These are special circumstances and these films may remain in theaters for 5 months while a typical film run is closer to 5 weekends. Further earnings result from <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">pay television</a> purchases, foreign market purchases and <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> sales to establish worldwide distribution gross of a film. </p><p>Once a screenplay is "green-lit", directors and actors are attached and the film proceeds into the pre-production stage, although sometimes development and pre-production stages will overlap. Projects which fail to obtain a green light may have protracted difficulties in making the transition to pre-production and enter a phase referred to as <a href="/wiki/Developmental_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Developmental hell">developmental hell</a> for extended period of time or until developmental <a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(filmmaking)" title="Turnaround (filmmaking)">turnaround</a>. </p><p>Analogous to almost any business venture, financing of a film project deals with the study of filmmaking as the management and procurement of <a href="/wiki/Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Investments">investments</a>. It includes the dynamics of <a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">assets</a> that are required to fund the filmmaking and <a href="/wiki/Liability_(financial_accounting)" title="Liability (financial accounting)">liabilities</a> incurred during the filmmaking over the time period from early development through the management of profits and losses after distribution under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk. The practical aspects of filmmaking finance can also be defined as the science of the money management of all phases involved in filmmaking. Film finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_return" title="Rate of return">rate of return</a> based upon anticipated profits and protection against losses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-production">Pre-production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a></div> <p>In pre-production, every step of actually creating the film is carefully designed and planned. This is the phase where one would narrow down all the options of the production. It is where all the planning takes place before the <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> rolls and sets the overall vision of the project. The <a href="/wiki/Production_company" title="Production company">production company</a> is created and a <a href="/wiki/Production_office" title="Production office">production office</a> established. The film is pre-visualized by the director and may be <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">storyboarded</a> with the help of <a href="/wiki/Illustrator" title="Illustrator">illustrators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concept_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Concept artist">concept artists</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Production_budget" title="Production budget">production budget</a> is drawn up to plan expenditures for the film. For major productions, <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a> is procured to protect against accidents. Pre-production also includes working out the shoot location and casting process. The Producer hires a Line Manager or a Production Manager to create the schedule and budget for the film. </p><p>The nature of the film, and the budget, determine the size and type of crew used during filmmaking. Many Hollywood <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbusters</a> employ a cast and crew of hundreds, while a low-budget, <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent film</a> may be made by a "skeleton crew" of eight or nine (or fewer). These are typical crew positions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard_artist" title="Storyboard artist">Storyboard artist</a>: creates visual images to help the director and production designer communicate their ideas to the production team.</li> <li>Director: is primarily responsible for the storytelling, creative decisions and acting of the film. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">Assistant director</a> (AD): manages the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_schedule" title="Shooting schedule">shooting schedule</a> and logistics of the production, among other tasks. There are several types of AD, each with different responsibilities.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Film producer</a>: hires the film's crew. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Unit production manager</a>: manages the <a href="/wiki/Production_budget" title="Production budget">production budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/Production_schedule" title="Production schedule">production schedule</a>. They also report, on behalf of the production office, to the <a href="/wiki/Studio_executives" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio executives">studio executives</a> or financiers of the film. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Location_manager" title="Location manager">Location manager</a>: finds and manages film locations. Nearly all pictures feature segments that are shot in the controllable environment of a studio <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stage</a>, while outdoor sequences call for filming <a href="/wiki/Location_shooting" title="Location shooting">on location</a>.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a>: the one who creates the visual conception of the film, working with the <a href="/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art director</a>, who manages the art department which makes production <a href="/wiki/Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">sets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a>: creates the clothing for the characters in the film working closely with the actors, as well as other departments.</li> <li>Makeup and hair designer: works closely with the costume designer in order to create a certain look for a character.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting director">Casting director</a>: finds actors to fill the parts in the script. This normally requires that actors partake in an <a href="/wiki/Audition" title="Audition">audition</a>, either live in front of the casting director or in front of one or more cameras. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choreographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreographer">Choreographer</a>: creates and coordinates the movement and dance – typically for musicals. Some films also credit a <a href="/wiki/Fight_choreographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight choreographer">fight choreographer</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Director of photography (DOP)</a>: the head of the <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> of the entire film, supervises all <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">camera operators</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">Production sound mixer</a>: the head of the sound department during the production stage of filmmaking. They record and mix the audio on set – dialogue, <a href="/wiki/Presence_(sound_recording)" title="Presence (sound recording)">presence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sound_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound effects">sound effects</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monaural" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaural">monaural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ambience_(sound_recording)" title="Ambience (sound recording)">ambience</a> in stereo.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They work with the <a href="/wiki/Boom_operator_(media)" title="Boom operator (media)">boom operator</a>, Director, DA, DP, and First AD. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound designer">Sound designer</a>: creates the aural conception of the film,<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> working with the <a href="/wiki/Supervising_Sound_Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Supervising Sound Editor">supervising sound editor</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>-style Indian productions the sound designer plays the role of a <a href="/wiki/Director_of_audiography" title="Director of audiography">director of audiography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a>: creates new music for the film. (usually not until post-production)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audiography" title="Audiography">Audiography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steven_Spielberg_with_Chandran_Rutnam_in_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Steven_Spielberg_with_Chandran_Rutnam_in_Sri_Lanka.jpg/195px-Steven_Spielberg_with_Chandran_Rutnam_in_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Steven_Spielberg_with_Chandran_Rutnam_in_Sri_Lanka.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (standing) with <a href="/wiki/Chandran_Rutnam" title="Chandran Rutnam">Chandran Rutnam</a> in Sri Lanka, during the production of <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a></i> (released 1984)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmoud_Zulfikar,_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mahmoud Zulfikar, 1968" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mahmoud_Zulfikar%2C_1968.jpg/185px-Mahmoud_Zulfikar%2C_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mahmoud_Zulfikar%2C_1968.jpg/277px-Mahmoud_Zulfikar%2C_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mahmoud_Zulfikar%2C_1968.jpg/369px-Mahmoud_Zulfikar%2C_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Zulfikar" title="Mahmoud Zulfikar">Mahmoud Zulfikar</a> during the production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Splendor_of_Love" title="The Splendor of Love">The Splendor of Love</a></i> (released 1968)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg/220px-Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg/330px-Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg/440px-Filminspelning_-_Ystad-2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption>A film production in <a href="/wiki/Ystad" title="Ystad">Ystad</a> 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>In production, the film is created and shot. In this phase, it is key to keep planning ahead of the daily shoot. The primary aim is to stick to the budget and schedule, which requires constant vigilance. More crew will be recruited at this stage, such as the <a href="/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">property master</a>, <a href="/wiki/Script_supervisor" title="Script supervisor">script supervisor</a>, assistant directors, stills <a href="/wiki/Photographer" title="Photographer">photographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Film editor">picture editor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">sound editors</a>. These are the most common roles in filmmaking; the <a href="/wiki/Production_office" title="Production office">production office</a> will be free to create any unique blend of roles to suit the various responsibilities needed during the production of a film. Communication is key between the location, set, office, production company, distributors and all other parties involved. </p><p>A typical day shooting begins with the crew arriving on the set/location by their call time. <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">Actors</a> usually have their own separate call times. Since set construction, <a href="/wiki/Set_dresser" title="Set dresser">dressing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">lighting</a> can take many hours or even days, they are often set up in advance. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Grip_(job)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grip (job)">grip</a>, electric and production design crews are typically a step ahead of the camera and sound departments: for efficiency's sake, while a scene is being filmed, they are already preparing the next one. </p><p>While the crew prepares their equipment, the actors do their costumes and attend the hair and make-up departments. The actors rehearse the <a href="/wiki/Film_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Film script">script</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(stage)" title="Blocking (stage)">blocking</a> with the director, and the camera and sound crews rehearse with them and make final tweaks. Finally, the action is shot in as many <a href="/wiki/Take" title="Take">takes</a> as the director wishes. Most American productions follow a specific procedure: </p><p>The assistant director (AD) calls "picture is up!" to inform everyone that a take is about to be recorded, and then "quiet, everyone!" Once everyone is ready to shoot, the AD calls "roll sound" (if the take involves sound), and the <a href="/wiki/Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">production sound mixer</a> will start their equipment, record a verbal slate of the take's information, and announce "sound speed", or just "speed", when they are ready. The AD follows with "roll camera", answered by "speed!" by the camera operator once the camera is recording. The <a href="/wiki/Clapper_loader" title="Clapper loader">clapper loader</a>, who is already in front of the camera with the <a href="/wiki/Clapperboard" title="Clapperboard">clapperboard</a>, calls "marker!" and slaps it shut. If the take involves extras or background action, the AD will cue them ("action background!"), and last is the director, telling the actors "action!". The AD may echo "action" louder on large sets. </p><p>A take is over when the director calls "Cut!" and the camera and sound stop recording. The script supervisor will note any continuity issues, and the sound and camera teams log technical notes for the take on their respective report sheets. If the director decides additional takes are required, the whole process repeats. Once satisfied, the crew moves on to the next camera angle or "setup", until the whole scene is "covered." When shooting is finished for the scene, the assistant director declares a "wrap" or "moving on", and the crew will "strike", or dismantle, the set for that scene. </p><p>At the end of the day, the director approves the next day's shooting schedule and a daily progress report is sent to the production office. This includes the report sheets from continuity, sound, and camera teams. <a href="/wiki/Daily_call_sheet" title="Daily call sheet">Call sheets</a> are distributed to the cast and crew to tell them when and where to turn up the next shooting day. Later on, the director, producer, other department heads, and, sometimes, the cast, may gather to watch that day or yesterday's footage, called <i><a href="/wiki/Dailies" title="Dailies">dailies</a></i>, and review their work. </p><p>With workdays often lasting fourteen or eighteen hours in remote locations, film production tends to create a <a href="/wiki/Team_building" title="Team building">team spirit</a>. When the entire film is "in the can", or in the completion of the production phase, it is customary for the production office to arrange a <a href="/wiki/Wrap_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrap party">wrap party</a>, to thank all the cast and crew for their efforts. </p><p>For the production phase on <a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">live-action films</a>, synchronizing work schedules of key cast and crew members is very important.<sup id="cite_ref-Wurmfeld_Page_52_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wurmfeld_Page_52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For many scenes, several cast members and many crew members must be physically present at the same place at the same time (and <a href="/wiki/Bankable_star" title="Bankable star">bankable stars</a> may need to rush from one project to another). Animated films have different workflow at the production phase, in that voice actors can record their takes in the <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">recording studio</a> at different times and may not see one another until the film's premiere.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayes_Page_176_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayes_Page_176-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animated films also have different crew, since most physical live-action tasks are either unnecessary or are simulated by various types of <a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">animators</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-production">Post-production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></div> <p>This stage is usually thought of as starting when principal photography ends, but they may overlap. The bulk of post-production consists of the <a href="/wiki/Film_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Film editor">film editor</a> reviewing the footage with the director and assembling the film out of selected takes. The production sound (dialogue) is also edited; music tracks and songs are composed and recorded if a film is intended to have a score; sound effects are designed and recorded. Any computer-generated visual effects are digitally added by an <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a>. Finally, all sound elements are mixed down into "stems", which are synchronized to the images on the screen, and the film is fully completed ("locked"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">Film distribution</a></div> <p>Distribution is the last stage, where the film is released in <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">movie theaters</a> or, occasionally, <a href="/wiki/Direct-to-video" title="Direct-to-video">directly to consumer media</a> (<a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a>, <a href="/wiki/VCD" class="mw-redirect" title="VCD">VCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>) or direct download from a <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a> provider. The film is duplicated as required (either onto film or <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a>) and distributed in cinemas for exhibition (screening). Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published, and the film is advertised and <a href="/wiki/Film_promotion" title="Film promotion">promoted</a>. A <a href="/wiki/B-roll" title="B-roll">B-roll</a> clip may be released to the press based on raw footage shot for a "making of" documentary, which may include making-of clips as well as on-set interviews separate from those of the production company or distributor. For major films, key personnel are often contractually required to participate in promotional tours in which they appear at premieres and festivals and sit for interviews with many TV, print, and online journalists. The largest productions may require more than one promotional tour, in order to rejuvenate audience demand at each release window. </p><p>Since the advent of <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a> in the late 1970s, most major films have followed a pattern of having several distinct release windows. A film may first be released to <a href="/wiki/Limited_theatrical_release" title="Limited theatrical release">a few select cinemas</a>, or if it <a href="/wiki/Test_screening" title="Test screening">tests well enough</a>, may go directly into <a href="/wiki/Wide_release" title="Wide release">wide release</a>. Next, it is released, normally at different times several weeks (or months) apart, into different market segments like <a href="/wiki/Video_rental_shop" title="Video rental shop">rental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a>, <a href="/wiki/In-flight_entertainment" title="In-flight entertainment">in-flight entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> broadcast television. The distribution rights for the film are also usually sold for worldwide distribution. The distributor and the production company share profits and manage losses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independent_filmmaking">Independent filmmaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independent filmmaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent film</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg/220px-Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg/330px-Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg/440px-Sound_recordist_Curtis_Choy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption>Sound recordist Curtis Choy (left) on location for <i>Dim Sum: a Little Bit of Heart</i>, an indie film by director Wayne Wang (center) on Clement Street in the Richmond District of San Francisco, California 1983</figcaption></figure> <p>Filmmaking also takes place outside of the mainstream and is commonly called <a href="/wiki/Independent_filmmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent filmmaking">independent filmmaking</a>. Since the introduction of <a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a> technology, the means of production have become more democratized and economically viable. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a film, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, traditional distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. In the past, most independent filmmakers have relied on <a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festivals</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festivals</a>) to get their films noticed and sold for distribution and production. However, the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> has allowed for the relatively inexpensive distribution of independent films on websites such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. As a result, several companies have emerged to assist filmmakers in getting independent movies seen and sold via mainstream internet marketplaces, often adjacent to popular Hollywood titles. With internet movie distribution, independent filmmakers who choose to forego a traditional distribution deal now have the ability to reach global audiences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35mm_movie_film" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm movie film">35 mm film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiography" title="Audiography">Audiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">Cinematic techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_filmmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental filmmaking">Experimental filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_colorization" title="Film colorization">Film colorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking_technique_of_Kurosawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmmaking technique of Kurosawa">Filmmaking technique in Kurosawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking_technique_of_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Filmmaking technique of Luis Buñuel">Filmmaking technique of Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_poster" title="Film poster">Film poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_school" title="Film school">Film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_studies" title="Film studies">Film studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_trailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Film trailer">Film trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-look_deal" title="First-look deal">First-look deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_motion_picture_terms" title="Glossary of motion picture terms">Glossary of motion picture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housekeeping_deal" title="Housekeeping deal">Housekeeping deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film topics">List of film topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system" title="Motion picture content rating system">Motion picture content rating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_production_incentives_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie production incentives in the United States">Movie production incentives in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">Movie theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_film" title="Outline of film">Outline of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_production" title="Video production">Video production</a></li> <li><i><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmconnection.com/reference-library/film-entrepreneurs/the-new-world-of-digital-filmmaking-0411/">"The New World of Digital Filmmaking"</a>. <i>Film Connection Film Institute</i>. 2013-01-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007204042/https://www.filmconnection.com/reference-library/film-entrepreneurs/the-new-world-of-digital-filmmaking-0411/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Film+Connection+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=The+New+World+of+Digital+Filmmaking&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmconnection.com%2Freference-library%2Ffilm-entrepreneurs%2Fthe-new-world-of-digital-filmmaking-0411%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilmmaking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiff2005" class="citation book cs1">Steiff, Josef (2005). <i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Independent Filmmaking</i>. Alpha Books. pp. 26–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Independent+Filmmaking&rft.pages=26-28&rft.pub=Alpha+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Steiff&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilmmaking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_LoBrutto_1994_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sound-On-Film by Vincent LoBrutto (1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sound for Digital Video</i> by Tomlinson Holman (Focal Press) 2005 (p. 162)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dialogue Editing for Motion Pictures</i> by John Purcell (Focal Press) 2007 (p. 148)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Film Sound: Theory and Practice</i>, Edited by Elisabeth Weis and John Belton, Columbia University Press (1985). p. 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wurmfeld_Page_52-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wurmfeld_Page_52_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurmfeldLaloggia2004" class="citation book cs1">Wurmfeld, Eden H.; Laloggia, Nicole (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXMqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52"><i>IFP/Los Angeles Independent Filmmaker's Manual</i></a> (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136051067" title="Special:BookSources/9781136051067"><bdi>9781136051067</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722162303/https://books.google.com/books?id=OXMqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IFP%2FLos+Angeles+Independent+Filmmaker%27s+Manual&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=52&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781136051067&rft.aulast=Wurmfeld&rft.aufirst=Eden+H.&rft.au=Laloggia%2C+Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOXMqBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilmmaking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayes_Page_176-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hayes_Page_176_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayesWebster2013" class="citation book cs1">Hayes, Derek; Webster, Chris (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4z0qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA176"><i>Acting and Performance for Animation</i></a>. New York and London: Focal Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136135989" title="Special:BookSources/9781136135989"><bdi>9781136135989</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409044929/https://books.google.com/books?id=4z0qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA176">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acting+and+Performance+for+Animation&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781136135989&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Webster%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4z0qBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilmmaking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Filmmaking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, 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decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Filmmaking" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Filmmaking</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Filmmaking">Resources in your library</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filmmaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filmmaking" title="Template:Filmmaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Filmmaking" title="Template talk:Filmmaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Filmmaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Filmmaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filmmaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filmmaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Development">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">Film treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Producer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scriptment" title="Scriptment">scriptment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_outline" title="Step outline">Step outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">Screenplay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spec_script" title="Spec script">spec script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">film adaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (filmmaking)">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_(filmmaking)" title="Option (filmmaking)">Option</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_budgeting" title="Film budgeting">Film budgeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_finance" title="Film finance">Film finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(filmmaking)" title="Pitch (filmmaking)">pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlight" title="Greenlight">Greenlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_title" title="Working title">Working title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_breakdown" title="Script breakdown">Script breakdown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_down_the_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking down the script">process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_script" title="Shooting script">Shooting script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scenography" title="Scenography">Scenography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal" title="Rehearsal">Rehearsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_board" title="Production board">Production board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_out_of_days_(filmmaking)" title="Day out of days (filmmaking)">Day out of days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_schedule" title="Production schedule">Production schedule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_schedule" title="Shooting schedule">Shooting schedule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_liner_schedule" title="One liner schedule">one-liner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">Cinematic techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videography" title="Videography">Videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Videographer">Videographer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_call_sheet" title="Daily call sheet">Daily call sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailies" title="Dailies">Dailies (rushes)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Daily_reports" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily reports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_inventory_report" title="Film inventory report">Film inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_report" title="Production report">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_production_report" title="Daily production report">Daily production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_progress_report" title="Daily progress report">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_report" title="Sound report">Sound</a></li> <li>Cost</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_editor_log" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily editor log">Editor log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_(filmmaking)" title="Re-recording (filmmaking)">Re-recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sync_sound" title="Sync sound">Sync sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timecode" title="Timecode">Timecode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_cost" title="Negative cost">Negative cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_intermediate" title="Digital intermediate">Digital intermediate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">Distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_distributor" title="Film distributor">Film distributor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_distributors_by_country" title="List of film distributors by country">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_release" title="Art release">Film release</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wide_release" title="Wide release">wide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_theatrical_release" title="Limited theatrical release">limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_release_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delayed release (film)">delayed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadshow_theatrical_release" title="Roadshow theatrical release">Roadshow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Digital distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_office" title="Box office">Box office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_hell" title="Development hell">Development hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmography" title="Filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_rights" title="Film rights">Film rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(filmmaking)" title="Turnaround (filmmaking)">Turnaround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-dollar_gross" title="First-dollar gross">First-dollar gross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanities" title="Template:Humanities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanities" title="Template talk:Humanities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;height:2.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classical studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Language arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Interdisciplinary_fields" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinary fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_humanities" title="Environmental humanities">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_humanities" title="Health humanities">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_humanities" title="Medical humanities">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_humanities" title="Public humanities">Public</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">Abductive reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipositivism" title="Antipositivism">Antipositivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belles-lettres" title="Belles-lettres">Belles-lettres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bildung" title="Bildung">Bildung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_literacy" title="Cultural literacy">Cultural literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">High</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_knowledge" title="General knowledge">General knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">Human condition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">Liberal arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trivium" title="Trivium">Trivium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">Quadrivium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-realization" title="Self-realization">Self-realization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-reflection" title="Self-reflection">Self-reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(journal)" title="Daedalus (journal)">Daedalus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Humanities" title="History of Humanities">History of Humanities</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_(journal)" title="Humanitas (journal)">Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_Communications" title="Humanities and Social Sciences Communications">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Controversial_Ideas" title="Journal of Controversial Ideas">Journal of Controversial Ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society" title="Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society">Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(journal)" title="Leonardo (journal)">Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%89tudes_Arm%C3%A9niennes" title="Revue des Études Arméniennes">Revue des Études Arméniennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Philosophy" title="Teaching Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanities_journals" title="List of humanities journals">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Arts and Humanities Research Council">Arts and Humanities Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">Human science</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geisteswissenschaft" title="Geisteswissenschaft">Geisteswissenschaft</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities,_arts,_and_social_sciences" title="Humanities, arts, and social sciences">Humanities, arts, and social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Humanities" title="Master of Humanities">Master of Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_University_for_the_Humanities" title="Moscow University for the Humanities">Moscow University for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Antihumanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">Philistinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture#Criticism" title="Popular culture">Criticism of mass culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_essentialism" title="Educational essentialism">Educational essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_in_the_United_States" title="Humanities in the United States">Humanities in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_considered_a_founder_in_a_Humanities_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field">List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_humanities" title="Outline of the humanities">Outline of the humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latin_school#Studia_Humanitatis" title="Latin school">Studia Humanitatis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Branches_of_the_visual_arts" title="Template:Branches of the visual arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Branches_of_the_visual_arts" title="Template talk:Branches of the visual arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Branches_of_the_visual_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Branches of the visual arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">Body art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">Computer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">Craft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">pallet crafts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_art" title="Light art">Light art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artistic_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artistic media">List of artistic media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_crew_(filmmaking)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_crew" title="Template:Film crew"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_crew" title="Template talk:Film crew"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_crew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film crew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_crew_(filmmaking)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">filmmaking</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Above_the_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Above-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Above-the-line (filmmaking)">Above the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">Actor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leading_actor" title="Leading actor">Leading actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_actor" title="Supporting actor">Supporting actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">Ensemble cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_actor" title="Character actor">Character actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_actor" title="Child actor">Child actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">Cameo actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">Bit actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-five" title="Under-five">Under-five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_acting" title="Voice acting">Voice actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">Film director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Film producer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_producer" title="Line producer">Line producer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Below_the_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Below-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Below-the-line (filmmaking)">Below the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-production/Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Unit production manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_coordinator" title="Production coordinator">Production coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_accountant" class="mw-redirect" title="Production accountant">Production accountant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">Assistant director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_assistant" title="Production assistant">Production assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_supervisor" title="Script supervisor">Script supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_coordinator" title="Script coordinator">Script coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_manager" title="Location manager">Location manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_scouting" title="Location scouting">Location scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard_artist" title="Storyboard artist">Storyboard artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographer / director of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">Camera operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_puller" title="Focus puller">Focus puller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapper_loader" title="Clapper loader">Clapper loader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam">Steadicam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_imaging_technician" title="Digital imaging technician">Digital imaging technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_unit" title="Second unit">Second unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaffer_(occupation)" title="Gaffer (occupation)">Gaffer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_technician" title="Lighting technician">Lighting technician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_grip" title="Key grip">Key grip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_grip" title="Dolly grip">Dolly grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grip_(occupation)" title="Grip (occupation)">Grip</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production <br /> design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">Sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_director#In_film" title="Art director">Art director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_decorator" title="Set decorator">Set decorator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_dresser" title="Set dresser">Set dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_gang" title="Swing gang">Swing gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensman" title="Greensman">Greensman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Props" class="mw-redirect" title="Props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_master" title="Weapons master">Weapons master</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Wardrobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special<br />effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_effects_supervisor" title="Special effects supervisor">Special effects supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects_supervisor" title="Visual effects supervisor">Visual effects supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_audiography" title="Director of audiography">Director of audiography / sound director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">Production sound mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_operator_(media)" title="Boom operator (media)">Boom operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_sound_technician" title="Utility sound technician">Utility sound technician</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animation_department" title="Animation department">Animation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">Animator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_model" title="Conceptual model">Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_animation" title="Skeletal animation">Rigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Layout artist">Layout artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acting" title="Acting">Acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_coach" title="Acting coach">Acting coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Body double">Body double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_coach" title="Dialect coach">Dialect coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_director" title="Movement director">Movement director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_(acting)" title="Extra (acting)">Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-in" title="Stand-in">Stand-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_instructor" title="Acting instructor">Acting instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimacy_coordinator" title="Intimacy coordinator">Intimacy coordinator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunts">Stunts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_coordinator" title="Stunt coordinator">Stunt coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunt double">Stunt double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">Stunt performer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(profession)#Film_industry" title="Wrangler (profession)">Animal wrangler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture">Picture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">Colorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">Sound editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_editor" title="Dialogue editor">Dialogue editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_mixer" title="Re-recording mixer">Re-recording mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley artist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_foley" title="Voice foley">Voice foley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Dubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#ADR/post-sync" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#Subtitles" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Subtitles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Score</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_supervisor" title="Music supervisor">Music supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Music editor (filmmaking)">Music editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual<br />effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VFX_creative_director" title="VFX creative director">VFX creative director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">Rendering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_director#Film" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_still_photographer" title="Unit still photographer">Unit still photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft services">Craft services</a></li></ul> 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