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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alma mater (disambiguation)">Alma mater (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Alma mater</b> (Latin: <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/almus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:almus">alma</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mater#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:mater">mater</a></i>; <abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>almae matres</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> Latin phrase meaning 'nourishing mother'. It personifies a <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">school</a> that a person has attended or graduated from.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is related to <i><a href="/wiki/Alumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumnus">alumnus</a></i>, literally meaning 'nursling', which describes a school graduate.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia_University,_NYC_(June_2014)_-_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/220px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/330px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/440px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(New_York_sculpture)" title="Alma Mater (New York sculpture)">Alma Mater</a></i> statue at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Cast by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a> (1903).</figcaption></figure> <p>In its earliest usage, <i>alma mater</i> was an <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">honorific title</a> for various <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddesses</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, it became a title for <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a>. By the early 17th century, the nursing mother became an allegory for universities. Used by many schools in Europe and North America, it has special association with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, whose motto <i>Alma Mater Studiorum</i> ("nurturing mother of studies") emphasizes its role in <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">originating the modern university</a>. </p><p>Several university campuses in North America have artistic representations of <i>alma mater</i>, depicted as a robed woman wearing a <a href="/wiki/Laurel_wreath" title="Laurel wreath">laurel wreath</a> crown. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Special_use"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Special use</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Monuments"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Monuments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_mater&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legate_John,_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_(Golden_Chaine_print).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg/220px-Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="1604"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 305px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg/220px-Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="305" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg/330px-Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg/440px-Legate_John%2C_Alma_Mater_Cantabrigia_Emblem_1600_%28Golden_Chaine_print%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>John Legate's Alma Mater for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, written in 1600</figcaption></figure> <p>Although <i>alma</i> (nourishing) was a common epithet for <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with <i>mater</i> in classical Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-Sollors_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sollors-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Latin_Dictionary" title="Oxford Latin Dictionary">Oxford Latin Dictionary</a></i>, the full phrase's origin is attributed to <i><a href="/wiki/De_rerum_natura" title="De rerum natura">De rerum natura</a></i>, in which Lucretius uses the term as an epithet for an unnamed earth goddess: </p> <div lang="la" style="margin-left:1em; float:left;" class="poem"> <p>Denique caelesti sumus omnes semine oriundi<br> omnibus ille idem pater est, unde alma liquentis<br> umoris guttas mater cum terra recepit (2.991–993)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> <div style="margin-left:1em; float:left;" class="poem"> <p>We are all sprung from that celestial seed,<br> all of us have same father, from whom earth,<br> the nourishing mother, receives drops of liquid moisture </p> </div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Rome">fall of Rome</a>, the term was used in Christian liturgy to describe <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Jesus' mother, Mary</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Alma_Redemptoris_Mater" title="Alma Redemptoris Mater">Alma Redemptoris Mater</a>" is a well-known eleventh century <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphon</a> devoted to Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-Sollors_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sollors-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest documented use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> printer, John Legate, began using an emblem for the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">university press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first-known appearance of the device is on the title-page of a book by <a href="/wiki/William_Perkins_(theologian)" title="William Perkins (theologian)">William Perkins</a>, <i>A Golden Chain</i>, where the Latin phrase <i>Alma Mater Cantabrigia</i> ("nourishing mother Cambridge") is inscribed on a pedestal bearing a lactating woman wearing a <a href="/wiki/Mural_crown" title="Mural crown">mural crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reference works of English etymology, often the first university-related usage is cited as 1710, when an academic mother figure is mentioned in a remembrance of <a href="/wiki/Henry_More" title="Henry More">Henry More</a> by Richard Ward.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Special_use">Special use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_mater&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Special use" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/220px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="411"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/220px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/330px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/440px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">world's oldest university in continuous operation</a>, known in Latin as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alma Mater Studiorum</i></span> (nourishing mother of studies).</figcaption></figure> <p>Many historic European universities have adopted <i>Alma Mater</i> as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The Latin name of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alma Mater Studiorum</i></span> (nourishing mother of studies), refers to its status as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest continuously operating university in the world</a>. At other European universities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Alma Mater Lipsiensis</a> in Leipzig, Germany, or <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Alma Mater Jagiellonica</a>, Poland, the title emphasizes historic ties to a founding city or dynasty. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_Europaea" title="Alma Mater Europaea">Alma Mater Europaea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Austria, an international university founded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="European Academy of Sciences and Arts">European Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> in 2010, uses the term as its official name. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>, has been called the "Alma Mater of the Nation" because of its ties to the founding of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> in Vancouver, British Columbia, the main student government is known as the Alma Mater Society. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Monuments">Monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_mater&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Monuments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Modern sculptures of <i>Alma Mater</i> are found on several North American university campuses. In 1901, a bronze statue of <i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(New_York_sculpture)" title="Alma Mater (New York sculpture)">Alma Mater</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a> was installed of steps of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Low_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Library">Low Library</a>. A similar sculpture, cast in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Korbel" title="Mario Korbel">Mario Korbel</a>, sits on the main entrance steps at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Havana" title="University of Havana">University of Havana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later American tributes to <i>alma mater</i> include <a href="/wiki/Lorado_Taft" title="Lorado Taft">Lorado Taft's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(Illinois_sculpture)" title="Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)">1929 sculpture</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Edwin_Dallin" title="Cyrus Edwin Dallin">Cyrus Dallin's</a> 1925 sculpture at the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Institute_and_St._Louis_Country_Day_School" title="Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School">Mary Institute</a> in 1925, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University</a> supporters. </p><p>An altarpiece mural in Yale University's <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Memorial_Library" title="Sterling Memorial Library">Sterling Memorial Library</a>, painted in 1932 by <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Savage" title="Eugene Savage">Eugene Savage</a>, depicts the <i>Alma Mater</i> as a bearer of light and truth, standing in the midst of figures representing the arts and sciences. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Depictions of <i>Alma Mater</i></div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Alma Mater at the University of Havana"><noscript><img alt="Alma Mater at the University of Havana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG/346px-Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG" decoding="async" width="231" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1935" data-file-height="1510"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 231px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG/346px-Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG" data-alt="Alma Mater at the University of Havana" data-width="231" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG/519px-Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG/692px-Universidad_de_la_habana_fachada.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Alma Mater</i> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Havana" title="University of Havana">University of Havana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alma Mater by Lorado Taft (1929) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"><noscript><img alt="Alma Mater by Lorado Taft (1929) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg/405px-Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5153" data-file-height="3436"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg/405px-Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg" data-alt="Alma Mater by Lorado Taft (1929) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign" data-width="270" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg/608px-Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg/810px-Alma_Mater_Restored_2014.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(Illinois_sculpture)" title="Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)">Alma Mater</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lorado_Taft" title="Lorado Taft">Lorado Taft</a> (1929) at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alma Mater by Cyrus Dallin at Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School"><noscript><img alt="Alma Mater by Cyrus Dallin at Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg/202px-Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 135px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg/202px-Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg" data-alt="Alma Mater by Cyrus Dallin at Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School" data-width="135" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg/304px-Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg/405px-Alma_Mater_statue_by_Cyrus_Dallin_-_vertical.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(Missouri_sculpture)" title="Alma Mater (Missouri sculpture)">Alma Mater</a></i> by Cyrus Dallin at <a href="/wiki/Mary_Institute_and_St._Louis_Country_Day_School" title="Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School">Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alma Mater altarpiece mural by Eugene Savage at Yale University (1932)"><noscript><img alt="Alma Mater altarpiece mural by Eugene Savage at Yale University (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg/179px-Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="6160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg/179px-Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg" data-alt="Alma Mater altarpiece mural by Eugene Savage at Yale University (1932)" data-width="120" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg/269px-Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg/359px-Yale_Alma_Mater_Mural_Highsmith.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Alma Mater</i> altarpiece mural by Eugene Savage at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (1932)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_mater&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513081122/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/alma_mater?filter=dictionary&query=Alma">"alma"</a>, Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved October 11, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alma%20mater">"Definition of 'Alma mater'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%27Alma+mater%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Falma%2520mater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyto2005" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLSSHAC&q=alma%20mater"><i>Word Origins</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408101605" title="Special:BookSources/9781408101605"><bdi>9781408101605</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Word+Origins&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781408101605&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhsRISNLSSHAC%26q%3Dalma%2520mater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCresswell2010" class="citation book cs1">Cresswell, Julia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J4i3zV4vnBAC&pg=PA12"><i>Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199547937" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199547937"><bdi>978-0199547937</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0199547937&rft.aulast=Cresswell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ4i3zV4vnBAC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Shorter <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, 3rd edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sollors-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sollors_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sollors_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSollors1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sollors" title="Werner Sollors">Sollors, Werner</a> (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondethnicityc00soll"><i>Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondethnicityc00soll/page/78">78</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198020721" title="Special:BookSources/9780198020721"><bdi>9780198020721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Ethnicity%3A+Consent+and+Descent+in+American+Culture&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780198020721&rft.aulast=Sollors&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeyondethnicityc00soll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitus_Lucretius_Carus" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Titus Lucretius Carus</a>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:la:De rerum natura (Titus Lucretius Carus)/Liber II"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:De_rerum_natura_(Titus_Lucretius_Carus)/Liber_II">"Liber II" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:la:De rerum natura (Titus Lucretius Carus)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:De_rerum_natura_(Titus_Lucretius_Carus)"><i>De rerum natura</i> </a></span> (in Latin) – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liber+II&rft.btitle=De+rerum+natura&rft.au=Titus+Lucretius+Carus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes1919" class="citation book cs1">Stokes, Henry Paine (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cambridgestation00stokrich#page/12/mode/2up"><i>Cambridge stationers, printers, bookbinders, &c</i></a>. Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+stationers%2C+printers%2C+bookbinders%2C+%26c.&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Bowes+%26+Bowes&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Henry+Paine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcambridgestation00stokrich%23page%2F12%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Castle_Roberts" title="Sydney Castle Roberts">Roberts, S. C.</a> (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofcambrid00roberich#page/34/mode/2up"><i>A History of the Cambridge University Press 1521–1921</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Cambridge+University+Press+1521%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistoryofcambrid00roberich%23page%2F34%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbings1995" class="citation book cs1">Stubbings, Frank H. (1995). <i>Bedders, Bulldogs and Bedells: A Cambridge Glossary</i> (2nd ed.). p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bedders%2C+Bulldogs+and+Bedells%3A+A+Cambridge+Glossary&rft.pages=39&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Stubbings&rft.aufirst=Frank+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1600" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Perkins_(theologian)" title="William Perkins (theologian)">Perkins, William</a> (1600). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldenchaineorde00perk"><i>A Golden Chaine: Or, the Description of Theologie, containing the order and causes of salvation and damnation, according to God's word</i></a>. Cambridge: University of Cambridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Golden+Chaine%3A+Or%2C+the+Description+of+Theologie%2C+containing+the+order+and+causes+of+salvation+and+damnation%2C+according+to+God%27s+word&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=1600&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldenchaineorde00perk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Alma+Mater">"Alma mater"</a>. <i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymological+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Alma+mater&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DAlma%2BMater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1710" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Richard (1710). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifelearnedandp00wardgoog#page/n178/mode/1up"><i>The Life of the Learned and Pious Dr. Henry More, Late Fellow of Christ's College in Cambridge</i></a>. London: Joseph Downing. p. 148<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Learned+and+Pious+Dr.+Henry+More%2C+Late+Fellow+of+Christ%27s+College+in+Cambridge&rft.place=London&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Joseph+Downing&rft.date=1710&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flifelearnedandp00wardgoog%23page%2Fn178%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wm.edu/about/history/">"William & Mary – History & Traditions"</a>. wm.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+%26+Mary+%E2%80%93+History+%26+Traditions&rft.pub=wm.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wm.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCremata_Ferrán2014" class="citation web cs1">Cremata Ferrán, Mario (20 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opushabana.cu/index.php/articulos/36-articulos-casa-de-papel/4031-mario-cremata-ferran">"Dos rostros, dos estatuas habaneras"</a>. <i>Opus Habana</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opus+Habana&rft.atitle=Dos+rostros%2C+dos+estatuas+habaneras&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft.aulast=Cremata+Ferr%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opushabana.cu%2Findex.php%2Farticulos%2F36-articulos-casa-de-papel%2F4031-mario-cremata-ferran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlma+mater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_mater&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alma_mater" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alma mater">Alma mater</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_mater&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Monkbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729838606"> <span>Last edited on 25 October 2024, at 06:43</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85" title="مدرسة أم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدرسة أم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma-mater" title="Alma-mater – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alma-mater" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%83-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মাতৃ-শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাতৃ-শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альма-матер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альма-матер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Альма-матар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альма-матар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алма-матер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алма-матер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alma Mater" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="آلما ماتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلما ماتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_m%C3%A1ter" title="Alma máter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alma máter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альма-матер – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Альма-матер" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EA%B5%90" title="모교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%A1_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալմա մատեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալմա մատեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="आलमा माटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आलमा माटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almamater" title="Almamater – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Almamater" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8" title="אלמה מאטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלמה מאטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ალმა-მატერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალმა-მატერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альма матер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альма матер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альма-матер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альма-матер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AE_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="അൽമ മേറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൽമ മേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="الما ماتار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الما ماتار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%81%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိခင်ကျောင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိခင်ကျောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मातृ शिक्षाप्रतिष्ठान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मातृ शिक्षाप्रतिष्ठान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB" title="アルマ・マーテル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルマ・マーテル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਲਮਾ ਮਾਤਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲਮਾ ਮਾਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مادر علمی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادر علمی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alma Mater" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альма-матер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альма-матер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alma Mater" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A" title="مادر علمي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مادر علمي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алма матер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алма матер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inang_diwa" title="Inang diwa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inang diwa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="முன்னாள் கல்லூரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முன்னாள் கல்லூரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%82%84%E1%82%88" title="ႁူင်းႁဵၼ်းမႄႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ႁူင်းႁဵၼ်းမႄႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="โรงเรียนแม่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรงเรียนแม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алма-матер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алма-матер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альма-матер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альма-матер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مادر علمی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مادر علمی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alma mater" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="母校 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="母校" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="母校 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="母校" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="母校 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="母校" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 06:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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