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style=""><b>מבט השוואתי על מודלים של הגנת הפרטיות – לקראת תיקוני החוק בישראל</b></u></p> <p class="has-text-align-right"><strong>סיכום ותובנות מהמפגש השלישי בנושא: סמכויות האכיפה והסנקציות של רשויות להגנת הפרטיות </strong></p> <p><strong>רקע</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-right">לאחרונה פרסמה ממשלת ישראל <a href="https://bit.ly/339I68o" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">הצעת חוק לתיקון חוק הגנת הפרטיות (הצעת חוק הגנת הפרטיות (תיקון 14), התשע”א-2021</a>). תיקון זה, מהווה תיקון משמעותי ראשון בחוק מזה שנים רבות. התיקון המוצע מתבסס על הצעות שהומלצו בשנים 2007 ו-2011. בנוסף משרד המשפטים הצהיר כי הוא שוקד בימים אלה על הצעת חוק נוספת בתחום הפרטיות, מהותית ומקיפה יותר.</p> <p class="has-text-align-right"><em>להלן </em><a href="https://bit.ly/3bUvsLA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>קישור</em></a><em> לסקירה על עיקרי התיקון בהצעת החוק שערך המכון.</em><em></em></p> <p class="has-text-align-right">אגב הדיון בהצעת החוק, המכון הישראלי למדיניות טכנולוגיה בחר לארגן סדרה של מפגשים שמטרתם להפגיש את העוסקים בתחום עם מומחים בעלי שם, שירחיבו את נקודת המבט להסדרים הקיימים במדינות השונות, בכוונה להעשיר את הדיון בנושא גם בישראל.</p> <p class="has-text-align-right">המפגש השלישי התקיים ב-23 בפברואר 2022 (בזום) ועסק בנושא: “תביעות אזרחיות ותובענות ייצוגיות” ובסיכום של שלושת המפגשים (להלן <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/events/video-gallery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">קישור </a>להקלטת המפגש). </p> <p class="has-text-align-right">בחלק הראשון במפגש השתתפו הדוברים הבאים:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"><li><a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/person/limor-shmerling-magazanik/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">עו”ד לימור שמרלינג מגזניק</a>, מנהלת המכון הישראלי למדיניות טכנולוגיה.</li><li><a href="https://peterswire.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">פרופ’ פיטר סוייר</a>, פרופסור למשפטים ומומחה לפרטיות ואבטחת סייבר, אוניברסיטת ג’ורג’יה-טק.</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/assaf-hamdani-54b868/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">פרופ’ אסף חמדני</a>, הפקולטה למשפטים, אוניברסיטת תל אביב.</li><li><a href="https://fpf.org/person/sebastiao-barros-vale/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">מר סבסטיו בארו ולה</a>, עמית מדיניות האיחוד האירופי, פורום עתיד הפרטיות.</li></ul> <p>עורכת הסדרה: <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/person/rivki-dvash/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">עו״ד רבקי דב״ש</a>, עמיתה בכירה, המכון הישראלי למדיניות טכנולוגיה.</p> <p class="has-text-align-right">בחלק השני, סיכמו לימור ורבקי את שלושת המפגשים שנתקיימו.</p> <p class="has-text-align-right">של שלושת המפגשים (להלן <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/events/video-gallery/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://techpolicy.org.il/events/video-gallery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">קישור </a>להקלטת המפגש).</p> <p class="has-text-align-right"><strong>תובנות מרכזיות</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-right"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">חלק ראשון</span></p> <p>·       כבר כיום ישנה אפשרות מסוימת להגשת תובענות ייצוגיות בישראל בתחום הפרטיות – במקום בהם יש יחסי כוחות המאפשרים תביעה מכח חוק תובענות ייצוגיות, אולם לא ניתן להגיש תובענה נגד המדינה.</p> <p>·       ממחקר שערכו פרופ’ חמדני ושותפים, עלה שעל אף “הצלחות” בתחום התובענות הייצוגיות, הדבר לא הוביל לשינוי התנהגות.</p> <p>·       יש לשקול מה המשמעות של הוספת תובענות ייצוגיות במשטר חוקי שאין בו נורמות ברורות (בניגוד לתחומי צרכנות מובהקים כגון מחירים וכמויות), וכשיש תכנית להגביר את סמכויות האכיפה של הרשות להגנת הפרטיות. האם תובענות ייצוגיות הן כלי מתאים, במצב המשפטי הקיים, שיגרום לציות גבוה יותר.</p> <p>·       ה-GDPR מאפשר הגשת תובענות ייצוגיות גם נגד המדינה. ארגוני NGO – עצמאיים ובלתי תלויים – יכולים להגיש תובענה גם ללא נפגעים ספציפיים.</p> <p>·       ביצירת חלופה אזרחית בתחום הפרטיות מציע פרופ’ סוויר להתייחס למספר נקודות: גובה התובענות; מהו ההסדר ביחס לכיסוי הוצאות משפט; יצירת הסדר שאינו נוקשה ואינו קל מדי.</p> <p></p> <p class="has-text-align-right"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">חלק שני</span></p> <p>·       משלושת המפגשים עולה הקושי שמייצר ההסדר הישראלי לאור השילוב בין ההגנה על הפרטיות (privacy) להגנה על מידע אישי (data protection).</p> <p>·       ההערה של ד”ר לזוביק במפגש הראשון על הצורך בבחינת ההסדר גם ביחס לציר הזמן – חשובה. האינטרסים על ציר הזמן משתנים וחשיבות קיומו של מחקר היסטורי, ארכיבאות וכו’ מתחזקים בחלוף הזמן ביחס להגנה על פרטיות.</p> <p>לקריאת סיכום עיקרי הדברים (בעברית) – <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/סיכום-ותובנות-מהוובינר-השלישי.pdf" data-type="URL" data-id="https://techpolicy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/סיכום-ותובנות-מהוובינר-השלישי.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">כאן</a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/blog/%d7%a1%d7%99%d7%9b%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%a9-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%99-%d7%91%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%a9%d7%90-%d7%a1%d7%9e%d7%9b/" data-a2a-title="סיכום ותובנות מהמפגש השלישי בנושא: סמכויות האכיפה והסנקציות של רשויות להגנת הפרטיות"><a class="a2a_button_email" 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https://techpolicy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/SLIDE-FOR-NEWSLETTER-Autosaved-1-300x118.jpg 300w, https://techpolicy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/SLIDE-FOR-NEWSLETTER-Autosaved-1-768x303.jpg 768w, https://techpolicy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/SLIDE-FOR-NEWSLETTER-Autosaved-1-18x7.jpg 18w" sizes="(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px" /> </a> <div class="authored-post__title"> <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/blog/overview-of-amendment-no-13-to-the-israeli-privacy-law/">סקירה של תיקון מס’ 13 לחוק הגנת הפרטיות</a> </div> <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/blog/overview-of-amendment-no-13-to-the-israeli-privacy-law/" class="authored-post__more">קרא עוד</a> </div> <div class="authored-post"> <a href="https://techpolicy.org.il/he/blog/%d7%9e%d7%93%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%95%d7%aa-ai-%d7%91%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%a8%d7%90%d7%9c/" class="authored-post__img"> <img width="940" height="788" src="https://techpolicy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Untitled-design.png" 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class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Digital Society<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(23)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"digital-health\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Digital Health<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(20)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"covid-19\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">COVID-19<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(15)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"gdpr\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">GDPR<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(10)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-overflow facetwp-hidden\"><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"digital-economy\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Digital Economy<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(8)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"4cd3534fdeea5936a64c96d80b745044\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(8)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"ai\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">AI<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(7)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"ai-ethics\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">AI Ethics<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(7)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"artificial-intelligence\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Artificial Intelligence<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(7)<\/span><\/div><\/div><a class=\"facetwp-toggle\">See {num} more<\/a><a class=\"facetwp-toggle facetwp-hidden\">See less<\/a>","authors":"<div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"3033\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Rivki Dvash<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(40)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"184\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Limor Shmerling Magazanik<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(28)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"309\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Sivan Tamir<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(18)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2096\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Noam Rosen<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(11)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"180\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Omer Tene<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(4)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-overflow facetwp-hidden\"><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"4802\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Lior Goldwasser\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(3)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"327\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Ahuva Goldstand<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(2)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"171\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Jules Polonetsky<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(2)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"315\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Liron Tzur Neumann<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(2)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"3824\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Yael Ram<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(2)<\/span><\/div><\/div><a class=\"facetwp-toggle\">See {num} more<\/a><a class=\"facetwp-toggle facetwp-hidden\">See less<\/a>","dates":"<div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2024\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2024<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(8)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2023\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2023<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(10)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2022\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2022<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(19)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2021\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2021<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(18)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2020\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2020<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(32)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-overflow facetwp-hidden\"><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2019\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2019<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(11)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2018\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2018<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(5)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2016\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2016<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(1)<\/span><\/div><\/div><a class=\"facetwp-toggle\">See {num} more<\/a><a class=\"facetwp-toggle facetwp-hidden\">See less<\/a>"},"template":"","settings":{"debug":"Enable debug mode in [Settings > FacetWP > Settings]","pager":{"page":1,"per_page":10,"total_rows":104,"total_pages":11},"num_choices":{"tags":10,"authors":10,"dates":8},"labels":{"search":"Search","tags":"Tags","authors":"Authors","dates":"Dates"},"search":{"auto_refresh":"no"},"tags":{"show_expanded":"no"},"authors":{"show_expanded":"no"},"dates":{"show_expanded":"no"}}},"expand":"[+]","collapse":"[-]"}; window.FWP_HTTP = {"get":[],"uri":"he\/blog\/%d7%a1%d7%99%d7%9b%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%91%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%a9-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%99-%d7%91%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%a9%d7%90-%d7%a1%d7%9e%d7%9b","url_vars":[]}; </script> <nav id="pojo-a11y-toolbar" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-left pojo-a11y-" role="navigation"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle"> <a class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle-link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="כלי נגישות" role="button" 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version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewbox="0 0 448 448"><title data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">הקטנת טקסט</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-144c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h144c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text" data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">הקטנת טקסט</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-grayscale" data-action="grayscale" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" 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pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-high-contrast" data-action="high-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewbox="0 0 448 448"><title data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">ניגודיות גבוה</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M192 360v-272c-75 0-136 61-136 136s61 136 136 136zM384 224c0 106-86 192-192 192s-192-86-192-192 86-192 192-192 192 86 192 192z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text" data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">ניגודיות גבוה</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-negative-contrast" data-action="negative-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewbox="0 0 448 448"><title data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">ניגודיות שלילית</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 240c-23.75-36.75-56.25-68.25-95.25-88.25 10 17 15.25 36.5 15.25 56.25 0 61.75-50.25 112-112 112s-112-50.25-112-112c0-19.75 5.25-39.25 15.25-56.25-39 20-71.5 51.5-95.25 88.25 42.75 66 111.75 112 192 112s149.25-46 192-112zM236 144c0-6.5-5.5-12-12-12-41.75 0-76 34.25-76 76 0 6.5 5.5 12 12 12s12-5.5 12-12c0-28.5 23.5-52 52-52 6.5 0 12-5.5 12-12zM448 240c0 6.25-2 12-5 17.25-46 75.75-130.25 126.75-219 126.75s-173-51.25-219-126.75c-3-5.25-5-11-5-17.25s2-12 5-17.25c46-75.5 130.25-126.75 219-126.75s173 51.25 219 126.75c3 5.25 5 11 5 17.25z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text" data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">ניגודיות שלילית</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-light-background" data-action="light-background" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewbox="0 0 448 448"><title data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">רקע בהיר</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M184 144c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8s-8-3.75-8-8c0-17.25-26.75-24-40-24-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8s3.75-8 8-8c23.25 0 56 12.25 56 40zM224 144c0-50-50.75-80-96-80s-96 30-96 80c0 16 6.5 32.75 17 45 4.75 5.5 10.25 10.75 15.25 16.5 17.75 21.25 32.75 46.25 35.25 74.5h57c2.5-28.25 17.5-53.25 35.25-74.5 5-5.75 10.5-11 15.25-16.5 10.5-12.25 17-29 17-45zM256 144c0 25.75-8.5 48-25.75 67s-40 45.75-42 72.5c7.25 4.25 11.75 12.25 11.75 20.5 0 6-2.25 11.75-6.25 16 4 4.25 6.25 10 6.25 16 0 8.25-4.25 15.75-11.25 20.25 2 3.5 3.25 7.75 3.25 11.75 0 16.25-12.75 24-27.25 24-6.5 14.5-21 24-36.75 24s-30.25-9.5-36.75-24c-14.5 0-27.25-7.75-27.25-24 0-4 1.25-8.25 3.25-11.75-7-4.5-11.25-12-11.25-20.25 0-6 2.25-11.75 6.25-16-4-4.25-6.25-10-6.25-16 0-8.25 4.5-16.25 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127.75c0-6.25-2.5-12.5-7-17l-51.5-51.75c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7s-12.5 2.5-17 6.75l-36.75 36.5c-4.5 4.5-7 10.5-7 16.75 0 6.5 2.5 12.5 7 17l52 52c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75 7.25 0 13-2.5 18-7.75-8.25-8.25-18-15.25-18-28 0-13.25 10.75-24 24-24 12.75 0 19.75 9.75 28 18 5.25-5 8.25-10.75 8.25-18.25zM412 304c0 19-7.75 37.5-21.25 50.75l-36.75 36.5c-13.5 13.5-31.75 20.75-50.75 20.75-19.25 0-37.5-7.5-51-21.25l-51.5-51.75c-13.5-13.5-20.75-31.75-20.75-50.75 0-19.75 8-38.5 22-52.25l-22-22c-13.75 14-32.25 22-52 22-19 0-37.5-7.5-51-21l-52-52c-13.75-13.75-21-31.75-21-51 0-19 7.75-37.5 21.25-50.75l36.75-36.5c13.5-13.5 31.75-20.75 50.75-20.75 19.25 0 37.5 7.5 51 21.25l51.5 51.75c13.5 13.5 20.75 31.75 20.75 50.75 0 19.75-8 38.5-22 52.25l22 22c13.75-14 32.25-22 52-22 19 0 37.5 7.5 51 21l52 52c13.75 13.75 21 31.75 21 51z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text" data-no-translation="" data-trp-gettext="">קישורים קו תחתון</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" 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