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solid; border-right: black 1px solid; padding-top: 5px"> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 1.5em"><font color="#800000">الاخبار الامنية </font></span></strong></p> <p><b>هروب عدد من قيادات جيش المهدي البارزة من سجن التاجي شمالي بغداد</b></p> <p>اعلن مصدر أمني مسؤول، اليوم الجمعة ، أن خمسة من قيادات جيش المهدي تمكنوا من الهروب من سجن التاجي شمالي بغداد. <br/>وقال المصدر في تصريح صحفي "إن قوة من مكتب رئيس الوزراء وصلت، ليلة أمس، الى سجن التاجي، شمالي بغداد، لنقل عدد من المعتقلين إلى احد سجون العاصمة"، مبينا "أن خمسة من قيادات جيش المهدي تمكنوا من الهروب أثناء عملية النقل". <br/>وتوقع المصدر"تورط جهات داخل المعتقل في تسهيل عملية هروب المعتقلين الخمسة".</p> <p><strong>احداث امنية في مناطق عدة من البلاد</strong> </p> <p>في محافظة صلاح الدين أصيب مدير ناحية العلم العقيد حسين سعد محيميد بعبوة لاصقة كانت مثبتة بسيارته انفجرت صباح الجمعة وسط الناحية الواقعة شرق تكريت كما أصيب مدنيان بانفجار عبوة لاصقة كانت مثبتة في سيارة نقيب في الشرطة لدى ترجله منها في سوق الجملة وسط تكريت من دون أن يصاب النقيب بأي أذى. <br/>وفي بغداد تضرر محل لبيع المشروبات الكحولية بانفجار عبوة ناسفة وضعت بالقرب من بوابة المحل الواقع في منطقة بغداد الجديدة شرق العاصمة من دون وقوع خسائر بشرية. <br/>كما اعتقلت قوة من لواء الرد السريع مسؤول مكتب المصالحة الوطنية لمناطق جنوب بغداد محمود الجنابي في منطقة اليوسفية وذكر مصدر أمني أن القوة داهمت مكتب الجنابي مساء الخميس واعتقلته من دون معرفة الأسباب. <br/>وفي محافظة ديالى أصيب ثلاثة مدنيين بانفجار عبوة ناسفة مساء الخميس بالقرب من محل لبيع الخضر في سوق ناحية بني السعد المركزي جنوب غرب بعقوبة. <br/>فيما اعتقلت قوة أمنية مشتركة عراقية أميركية مسؤول القائمة العراقية في ديالى محمد طه الهدلوش وأفاد مصدر أمني بأن القوة داهمت منزل الهدلوش بعد منتصف ليل الخميس في منطقة دور الزراعة شمال غرب بعقوبة واعتقلته من دون معرفة الأسباب. <br/>وفي كركوك أصيب عنصر من عناصر قوات حرس الحدود بجروح على يد مسلحين مجهولين اقتحموا صباح الجمعة منزله في منطقة الواسطي وسط كركوك وأطلقوا النار عليه في حين اعتقلت قوة مشتركة من الجيش والشرطة ضابطا برتبة فريق ركن في الجيش السابق وأحد أقربائه خلال عملية دهم وتفتيش نفذتها في حي الضباط جنوب كركوك وبين مصدر أمني أن المعتقلين متورطان بالتخطيط لهجمات مسلحة في المحافظة. <br/>أما في واسط فقد أبطلت قوة من وحدة مكافحة المتفجرات صباح الجمعة عبوة ناسفة كانت مزروعة بالقرب من مدرسة 14 من تموز في منطقة حي الهورة وسط الكوت. <br/>وفي نينوى تمكنت قوة أمنية من تحرير مواطنة اختطفت من قبل عناصر مسلحة في حي دوميز شرق الموصل. </p> </p></div> <p><font color="#800000"><strong>أخبار عالمية</strong></font></p> <p><b>وزارة الدولة لشؤون المصالحة تكشف عن ملتقى كبير لإلقاء السلاح</b></p> <p>كشفت وزارة الدولة لشؤون المصالحة الوطنية، أن ملتقى كبير لإلقاء السلاح لمختلف الفصائل المسلحة سيعقد خلال الأسبوعين المقبلين، لافتة الى "أن المصالحة الوطنية مفتوحة لجميع العراقيين، عدا حزب البعث المحظور وفق الدستور". <br/>وقال وزير الدولة لشؤون المصالحة الوطنية عامر الخزاعي" إن هناك ملتقى كبيرا لإلقاء الأسلحة لمختلف الفصائل المسلحة سيعقد، خلال الأسبوعين المقبلين"، مؤكدا " أن الملتقى سيختم تقريبا أمر الفصائل المسلحة في العراق". <br/>وأضاف الخزاعي" أن المصالحة الوطنية مفتوحة لجميع العراقيين ولا يمكن أن نعمل مصالحة خارج إطار الدستور"، مشيرا الى" أن الحوار لا يمكن أن يتم مع حزب البعث المحظور كحزب". <br/>وتابع الخزاعي" أن عودة البعثيين مرتبطة بقانون المساءلة والعدالة ومن الممكن أن يعودوا وفق هذا القانون كون الدستور حظر حزب البعث كفكر".</p> <p><strong>خبراء: السدود التركية الاثنان والعشرون ستحرم العراق وسوريا من نصف مياه الفرات تقريباً </strong></p> <p>يحذر خبراء ومختصون من أن يشهد العراق وسوريا كارثة مائية خلال السنوات القليلة القدمة إذا لم تعدل تركيا عن تنفيذ مشاريعها المائية الضخمة للاستفادة من مياه دجلة والفرات. <br/>وبهذا الصدد اعتبر مدير قسم المياه الدولية الأسبق في وزارة الخارجية العراقية ناجي حرج أن من أبرز المخاطر التي تتهدد العراق وسوريا شح المياه، وذلك بسبب المشروع المائي الكبير المسمى مشروع جنوب شرق الأناضول على مياه نهري دجلة والفرات. <br/>وأوضح في "تصريح صحافي"، على هامش مؤتمر (العرب وتركيا.. تحديات الحاضر ورهانات المستقبل) الذي انطلق، الأربعاء في العاصمة القطرية الدوحة، أن المشروع المائي التركي المكون من 22 سداً مائياً والمشاريع الزراعية الأخرى ستستهلك 50% من مياه الفرات و20% من مياه دجلة ما يعني ذهاب كميات كبيرة من مياه العراق وسوريا لصالح تركيا.</p> <p><strong>محكمة تحقيق بعقوبة تفرج عن 427 موقوفاً خلال شهر نيسان </strong></p> <p>أفرجت محكمة تحقيق بعقوبة عن 427 موقوفا خلال شهر نيسان الماضي، وذلك بحسب إحصائيات أعدتها الجهات المختصة. <br/>واشار التقرير الاحصائي الذي اوردته رئاسة محكمة استئناف ديالى الاتحادية الى ان مجموع القضايا التي انجزت خلال شهر نيسان بلغ 880 قضية، حيث تم الافراج عن 427 موقوفا منهم 314 كانوا موقوفين وفق احكام قانون مكافحة الارهاب و113 كانوا موقوفين وفق احكام قانون العقوبات وبعض القوانين الجزائية الاخرى. <br/>واوضح انه تم احالة 453 موقوفا الى المحاكم المختصة منهم 306 متهمين بارتكاب جرائم خاضعة لاحكام قانون مكافحة الارهاب و147 متهماً بارتكاب جرائم جنائية خاضعة لاحكام قانون العقوبات وبعض القوانين الجزائية الاخرى.</p> <p><b>القوات الامنية تعتقل مسؤول مكتب المصالحة الوطنية لمناطق جنوب بغداد</b></p> </p></div> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/20/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-20-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/#more-13398" class="more-link">» أقرأ التفاصيل .. | Read the rest of this entry »</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13300"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/08/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%85%d8%a6%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87/#respond" title="Comment on الامانة تطمئن المواطنين: لاشحة في مياه الشرب خلال الصيف الحالي ببغداد">No Comments</a></span> Posted on May 8th, 2011 by Ra'ed Al-Bayati</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/08/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%85%d8%a6%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to الامانة تطمئن المواطنين: لاشحة في مياه الشرب خلال الصيف الحالي ببغداد">الامانة تطمئن المواطنين: لاشحة في مياه الشرب خلال الصيف الحالي ببغداد</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/baghdad/" rel="tag">Baghdad</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a8%d8%ba%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af/" rel="tag">بغداد</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>اكدت امانة بغداد ،اليوم الاحد ،عدم وجود اية شحة في المياه خلال موسم الصيف الحالي ، معلنة في الوقت ذاته اعادة ضخ المياه الى مناطق جنوب غربي العاصمة. </p> </p></div> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/08/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%85%d8%a6%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87/#more-13300" class="more-link">» أقرأ التفاصيل .. | Read the rest of this entry »</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13058"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/18/iraq-new-push-for-water-deals-with-turkey-syria/#respond" title="Comment on IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 18th, 2011 by Maryam</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/18/iraq-new-push-for-water-deals-with-turkey-syria/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria">IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agricultural-land/" rel="tag">agricultural land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/average-rainfall/" rel="tag">average rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/construction-of-dams/" rel="tag">construction of dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/river-euphrates/" rel="tag">river euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>BAGHDAD, 18 April 2011 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92504" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN</a>) – Iraq is renewing efforts to reach deals with Syria and Turkey to increase water levels on the River Euphrates which flows from these two countries into Iraq, and on which Iraq is heavily dependent for agriculture and electricity generation. </p> <p>Turkey has tentatively agreed to increase water levels on the river to allow Iraq to reactivate the 400-megawatt Haditha hydroelectric power station, officials say. </p> <p>The deal – set to be concluded in two months’ time – could be part of a wider agreement with Turkey to import 200 megawatts of electricity, said a spokesman of the Iraqi Electricity Ministry, Musaab Al-Mudaris. </p> <p>An Iraqi delegation is heading to Syria later this week to try to strike a similar deal. In recent years water levels have steadily fallen on the Euphrates due to below-average rainfall and the construction of dams in Turkey and Syria. </p> <p>Iraq produces about 7,500 megawatts a day – less than half of current demand – and low water levels on the Euphrates (and the Tigris) have forced some hydroelectricity plants to reduce output or close. </p> <p>For many years Iraqi officials have been pressing Syria and Turkey to sign agreements specifying a fixed share of the water from these two rivers for Iraq, but no deal has been reached. </p> <p>“Iraq could experience more (water-related) problems, complexities and challenges unless it gets its fair share of water… Iraq faces great challenges in maintaining its wetlands and agricultural land,” said Ali Al-Alak, the Cabinet general secretary.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92504" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria | Iraq | Economy | Environment | Urban Risk | Water & Sanitation</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13010"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/10/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%b3/#respond" title="Comment on انخفاض معدل هطول الامطار في اقليم كردستان خلال العام الحالي">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 10th, 2011 by Mohammed Ibn Laith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/10/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%b3/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to انخفاض معدل هطول الامطار في اقليم كردستان خلال العام الحالي">انخفاض معدل هطول الامطار في اقليم كردستان خلال العام الحالي</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drought/" rel="tag">drought</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall/" rel="tag">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall-levels/" rel="tag">rainfall levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>كشفت دائرة الانواء الجوية والرصد الزلزالي في السليمانية،اليوم الاحد، ان موجة الامطار التي اجتاحت اقليم كوردستان في أواخر فصل الخريف وبدايات فصل الشتاء لاتصل الى نصف معدل امطار العام الماضي. <br/>وقال مصدر في الدائرة "ان نسب الامطار المتساقطة خلال العام الحالي لاتصل الى نصف معدل امطار العام الماضي". <br/>واكد المصدر"ان معدلات الامطار الساقطة خلال اليومين الماضيين في محافظة السليمانية وصلت الى نسبة 14،7 مليمترا ،وعليه فان اجمالي كميات الامطار منذ بداية الفصل وصل الى 343 وهي اقل بكثير عن العام الماضي".</p> </p></div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13008"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/10/%d8%ae%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7/#respond" title="Comment on خبراء زراعيون يتوقعون حصول عجز في ايرادات نهري دجلة والفرات عام 2015">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 10th, 2011 by Mohammed Ibn Laith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/10/%d8%ae%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to خبراء زراعيون يتوقعون حصول عجز في ايرادات نهري دجلة والفرات عام 2015">خبراء زراعيون يتوقعون حصول عجز في ايرادات نهري دجلة والفرات عام 2015</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drought/" rel="tag">drought</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/early-warning/" rel="tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>توقع خبراء زراعيون،اليوم الاحد، حدوث عجز في ايرادات نهري دجلة والفرات يزيد عن 43 بالمئة في العام 2015. <br/>وقال الخبراء "ان العراق يقع في منطقة جافة الى شبه جافة،بحيث لايزيد المعدل السنوي للامطار عن 200 ملم"،مشيرين الى "ان نصف مساحة العراق تقريباً منطقة صحراوية لايزيد التساقط المطري فيها على 50 ملم/السنة". <br/>واشار الخبراء الى "ان معظم ماتبقى من العراق يستفاد من تساقط يتراوح مابين 150 ـ 450 ملم/السنة،عدا بعض المناطق الجبلية المحدودة في الشمالي الشرقي من العراق التي يصل فيها التساقط الى نحو 1000 ملم/السنة". <br/>وبين الخبراء "ان وزارة الموارد المائية ترتبط بدرجة كبيرة بكمية الامطار والثلوج التي تتساقط في احواض الانهر الرئيسية (دجلة وروافده والفرات)،وكذلك بسياسة تشغيل السدود والخزانات المقامة في اعالي الانهر المشتركة في كل من تركيا وسوريا وايران ولاتوجد اتفاقية دولية لقسمة المياه بين العراق وهذه الدول ،ما يجعل الموارد المائية المتاحة للعراق متذبذبة من سنة الى اخرى،وتتدهور نوعيتها نتيجة الخزن وبسبب المياه الملوثة المصرفة اليها من مختلف الانشطة الصناعية والزراعية والاستخدامات البشرية". <br/>واكد الخبراء "ان العراق سيشهد مزيداً من النقص في الموارد المائية وتدني نوعيتها بعد استكمال تركيا مشاريعها الاروائية،حيث تسعى كل من تركيا وسوريا الى استزراع اكثر من 2.4 مليون هكتار تروى في حوض الفرات وحوالي مليون هكتار تروى في حوض دجلة".</p> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12821"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/22/%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%81-%d9%83%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa/#respond" title="Comment on صندوق الامم المتحدة للطفولة: نصف كميات المياه في العراق تضيع هدرا في حين لا يتمكن ستة ملايين نسمة من الحصول على مياه الشفة">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 22nd, 2011 by Mohammed Ibn Laith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/22/%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%81-%d9%83%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to صندوق الامم المتحدة للطفولة: نصف كميات المياه في العراق تضيع هدرا في حين لا يتمكن ستة ملايين نسمة من الحصول على مياه الشفة">صندوق الامم المتحدة للطفولة: نصف كميات المياه في العراق تضيع هدرا في حين لا يتمكن ستة ملايين نسمة من الحصول على مياه الشفة</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/children/" title="View all posts in Children" rel="category tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/cholera/" title="View all posts in Cholera" rel="category tag">Cholera</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/health-crisis-iraq/" title="View all posts in Health" rel="category tag">Health</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/photos/" title="View all posts in Photos" rel="category tag">Photos</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/photos/" rel="tag">Photos</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-borne-disease/" rel="tag">Water Borne Disease</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-contamination/" rel="tag">Water Contamination</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-crisis/" rel="tag">Water Crisis</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-crisis-iraq/" rel="tag">Water Crisis (Iraq)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillasguides/5551397098/" title="20110322_UNICEF_more_than_six_million_Irakis_have_no_access_to_safe_drinking_water by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" class="external" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109im_/http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5228/5551397098_4df4c3e877_o.jpg" width="350" height="250" alt="20110322_UNICEF_more_than_six_million_Irakis_have_no_access_to_safe_drinking_water"/></a> <p>كشفت وكالة تابعة للأمم المتحدة في تقرير لها، أن نصف كميات الماء في العراق تضيع هدرا، في حين لا يتمكن ستة ملايين نسمة من الحصول على مياه صالحة للشرب. <br/>وأشار صندوق الأمم المتحدة للطفولة "اليونسيف" بمناسبة اليوم العالمي للمياه إلى احتمال حصول جفاف في نهري دجلة والفرات في حلول عام 2040 نظرا للتغييرات المناخية وانخفاض كميات المياه والاستخدام المكثف لأغراض الصناعة والاستهلاك المنزلي. <br/>وأضاف أن العراق يواجه صعوبات في التوصل إلى تزويد 91 في المائة من المنازل بمياه الشرب بحلول عام 2015، لافتا إلى أن نصف كميات المياه تضيع هدرا بسبب تقادم البنى التحتية والتسريب وسوء التوزيع. <br/>وأوضح التقرير أن واحدا من أصل خمسة عراقيين لا يمكنه الحصول على مياه الشرب وخصوصا في المناطق الريفية، وأن نصف مليون طفل يستخدمون مياه الأنهر أو الجداول، في حين يستخدم حوالى 200 ألف غيرهم آبارا مكشوفة أو صهاريج المياه، ما يؤدي إلى تفشي الأمراض الناجمة عن تلوث المياه. <br/>وأكدت الأمم المتحدة أن ما لا يقل عن 200 ألف طن من مجاري الصرف الصحي تصب يوميا في نهر دجلة ما يهدد مصادر المياه غير المحمية ونظام توزيع المياه بأكمله.</p> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12752"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/16/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%b0%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82/#respond" title="Comment on باحث يحذر من أزمة مياه كبيرة في العراق">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 16th, 2011 by Nur Hussein Ghazali</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/16/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%b0%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to باحث يحذر من أزمة مياه كبيرة في العراق">باحث يحذر من أزمة مياه كبيرة في العراق</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drought/" rel="tag">drought</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-crisis-iraq/" rel="tag">Water Crisis (Iraq)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>حذر باحث في جامعة البصرة من ازمة مياه كبيرة قد يشهدها العراق اذا لم تتخذ حكومة المالكي الناقصة اجراءات مهمة في هذا المجال من خلال كل القنوات الدولية والاستغلال الامثل للمياه. <br/>ونقلت مصادر صحفية اليوم عن الباحث علي حسين قوله في ندوة عقدها مركز دراسات الخليج العربي التابع لجامعة البصرة يوم امس عن الامن المائي لدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي: ان مشكلة المياه في العالم العربي تعود الى انخفاض منسوب مياه الامطار وعدم توفر المياه باسعار معقولة مع تزايد استغلال مصادر المياه كالسدود والابار والتحلية وغيرها.ودعا الباحث الى تحسين العلاقات بين الدول المتشاطئة والعمل على عقد اتفاقيات من اجل ضمان تدفق المياه الى العراق ولا سيما مع تركيا وسورية واجراء دراسة مائية دقيقة لتحديد الوضع المائي العراقي على ادق وجه. وأضاف أنه على ضوء ذلك تكون الموازنة بين عدد السكان والكمية المتوفرة من المياه فعلا ومعرفة نصيب كل فرد من المياه. </p> </p></div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12410"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/02/19/protests-against-poor-basic-service-corruption-continue-across-iraq/#respond" title="Comment on Protests against poor basic service, corruption continue across Iraq">No Comments</a></span> Posted on February 19th, 2011 by Diya al din</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/02/19/protests-against-poor-basic-service-corruption-continue-across-iraq/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Protests against poor basic service, corruption continue across Iraq">Protests against poor basic service, corruption continue across Iraq</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/basra/" rel="tag">Basra</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/corrupt-officials/" rel="tag">corrupt officials</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/corruption/" rel="tag">Corruption</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/demonstrations/" rel="tag">Demonstrations</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/interior-ministry/" rel="tag">Interior Ministry</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/peaceful-demonstration/" rel="tag">peaceful demonstration</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/protests/" rel="tag">protests</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/shatt-al-arab/" rel="tag">shatt al arab</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/students/" rel="tag">Students</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/xinhua/" rel="tag">Xinhua</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p> </p> <blockquote><p>More than 1,000 Iraqis took to the streets across the country Friday to continue their protests against poor basic services and corruption, local sources told <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-02/18/c_13739083.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Xinhua</a>.</p> <p>About 300 intellectuals and university students staged a peaceful demonstration on Friday morning in Mutanabi Street in central Baghdad, calling for reform of the country’s political system and elimination of administrative corruption, an Interior Ministry source told Xinhua on condition of anonymity.</p> <p>The protestors also demanded more job opportunities for the unemployed and better services, such as more power and clean water resources, he added.</p> <p>Meanwhile, some protestors went to Tahrir Square in central Baghdad to emphasize the need for combatting corruption, the source said, adding the protestors held banners and chanted slogans, such as "no to administrative corruption," "no to unemployment," "no to bloodshed," "no to bribe" and "the people want reform of the system."</p> <p>About 1,000 people also protested in the southern city of Basra, 550 km south of Baghdad, local police source told Xinhua.</p> <p>The demonstration started from the center of Shatt al-Arab river, about 2 km east of the city, demanding better services, new job opportunities for the unemployed, adequate supply of food and punishment of corrupt officials. They also urged the provincial governor to resign.</p> <p>Some young demonstrators blocked the bridge linking the city with the center of Shatt al-Arab for more than an hour, he added.</p> <p>Since the U.S.-led invasion in 2003, Iraq has long been faced with lacking of power plants and qualified water resources, which always provokes protests in summer with brutal heat waves.</p> <p>Recently, several thousand of Iraqis held protests in several provinces across the country against unemployment, poor public services and a sharp rise in food prices. At least three people have been killed and dozens wounded in the past several days when security guards opened fire to stop protestors from appealing to violence. </p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-02/18/c_13739083.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Protests against poor basic service, corruption continue across Iraq</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12286"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/29/afp-iraq-water-shortages-raising-ethnic-tensions/#respond" title="Comment on AFP: Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions">No Comments</a></span> Posted on January 29th, 2011 by Abdus-Samad</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/29/afp-iraq-water-shortages-raising-ethnic-tensions/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to AFP: Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions">AFP: Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-department/" rel="tag">agriculture department</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arable-land/" rel="tag">arable land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drinking-water/" rel="tag">drinking water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dukan/" rel="tag">Dukan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dukan-dam/" rel="tag">dukan dam</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/electricity/" rel="tag">electricity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farmers/" rel="tag">farmers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kirkuk/" rel="tag">Kirkuk</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan/" rel="tag">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan-region/" rel="tag">kurdistan region</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurds/" rel="tag">kurds</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall/" rel="tag">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rural-areas/" rel="tag">rural areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sulaimaniyah/" rel="tag">sulaimaniyah</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkmen/" rel="tag">Turkmen</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-flow/" rel="tag">water flow</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortage/" rel="tag">water shortage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supplies/" rel="tag">water supplies</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>A worsening water shortage in Iraq is raising tensions in the multi-ethnic Kirkuk province, where Arab farmers accuse the Kurdistan region of ruining them by closing the valves to a dam in winter.</p> <p>"We are harmed by the Kurds, and the officials responsible for Baghdad and Kirkuk will not lift a finger," said Sheikh Khaled al-Mafraji, a leader of the Arab Political Council that groups mainly Sunni tribal leaders.</p> <p>At the heart of the conflict is the Dukan dam, built in 1955 in Iraq’s northern autonomous region of Kurdistan, 75 kilometres (50 miles) northeast of Kirkuk province.</p> <p>"They release too much water from June to September while from October it is the opposite: there is not enough drinking water and even less to irrigate our lands," Mafraji complained.</p> <p>Kirkuk province with its rich oil reserves has 250,000 hectares (617,740 acres) of arable land and 16 percent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, according to UN figures. Winter crops include wheat and corn, and summer harvests are mainly sesame, tomatoes and watermelon.</p> <p>A UN factsheet in October 2010 showed that while more rain fell in 2009 compared with 2008, the situation is still critical. Rainfall is now 50 percent below average.</p> <p>"The central government must intervene immediately to ask that our brothers in the north (Kurds) provide the necessary amounts of water for irrigation," Mafraji said, threatening to hold demonstrations if his voice was not heard.</p> <p>Out of Kirkuk’s estimated 900,000 inhabitants, some 31 percent live in rural areas, UN data shows. They represent all of Iraq’s faiths, and are ethnic Arabs, Turkmen or Kurds.</p> <p>Largely because of its oil riches, Kirkuk is at the centre of a tussle between Iraq’s central government and authorities in Kurdistan, who want to add it to their own region, currently made up of three provinces.</p> <p>"Our suffering began in 2005, when the peasants were forced to set aside one-third of their land and cultivate only small patches near the artesian well" where there was water, said Abdul Rahman al-Obeidi, who owns 450 hectares west of Kirkuk.</p> <p>"The peasants claimed that they (the Kurds) cut off water supplies to force them to leave the area. They do not understand there is a shortage and believe it is a political conflict," he added.</p> <p>For him, it "is the lack of coordination between the authorities in Baghdad and Sulaimaniyah (the province in which the Dukan dam lies) which fuels the notion that the Kurds are responsible."</p> <p>The growing water deficit and dams built by Iraq’s neighbours have significantly reduced the water flow in a country that was until the late 1950s a breadbasket of the Arab world.</p> <p>"The dam holds 1.3 million cubic metres of water," said Shihab Hakim Nader, director of water resources in Kirkuk province.</p> <p>"There is a strategic reserve of 700,000 cubic metres (which must not be used), which means there remains 600,000 cubic metres that can be used. But the rain is becoming more scarce, and the level of the dam is decreasing."</p> <p>"Also, the Kirkuk area receives only 30 cubic metres per second of water, when it should be receiving 75. This is only sufficient for drinking water," he added.</p> <p>The issue is a ticking bomb in a province with strong ethnic loyalties, where Arabs accuse Kurds of intentionally harming the province.</p> <p>"The water issue is critical, and thousands of people driven to unemployment blame their situation on Kurdistan," said Sheikh Burhan Mezher, the head of Kirkuk’s agriculture department.</p> <p>According to Tahseen Kader, a former minister of water resources for the Kurdistan region’s government, the closure of Dukan’s gates is routine and not a matter for concern.</p> <p>"Every year, even during the time of the old regime (of Saddam Hussein who was ousted in 2003) we used to close the dam gates during the winter," he said.</p> <p>Kader said that was done "to conserve water for agriculture in the late spring, and for the production of electricity," and claimed the notion that political motives had driven the dam closure was absurd.</p> <p>"The majority of the inhabitants of the province of Kirkuk are Kurdish, so why would we harm them? We don’t want to harm anyone," he said.</p> </blockquote> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://www.france24.com/en/20110129-iraq-water-shortages-raising-ethnic-tensions" class="external" target="_blank">France24 – Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11015"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/11/turkey-muddies-the-water/#respond" title="Comment on Turkey muddies the water">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 11th, 2010 by Nur Hussein Ghazali</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/11/turkey-muddies-the-water/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Turkey muddies the water">Turkey muddies the water</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a 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euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-crisis-iraq/" rel="tag">Water Crisis (Iraq)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-flow/" rel="tag">water flow</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-issue/" rel="tag">water issue</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treaty/" rel="tag">Water Treaty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treaty-negotiations/" rel="tag">Water Treaty negotiations</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p> </p> <blockquote><p>Syria’s plan to divert the waters of the Tigris portends a long and bitter quarrel with Iraq, reports <b>Bassel Oudat</b> from Damascus </p> <hr noshade="noshade"/> <p>Last year’s severe drought in northeastern Syria dried up the Khabur River which is the lifeline in that region, causing some 500,000 Syrians to migrate to other areas inside Syria. In response, the government signed a deal with the Kuwaiti Fund for Arab Economic Development to begin a project on the Tigris close to the Syrian-Turkish-Iraqi border, diverting enough water to fertilise 200,000 hectares.</p> <p>Baghdad was infuriated by the project and called Damascus to an "emergency meeting" to clarify the details of the "surprise plan" which would divert river water over long distances inside Syrian territories. Iraq’s Water Resources Ministry stated that any diverted water will affect Iraq’s already meagre water quota, which would negatively influence local agriculture and the economy. Iraqi officials also predicted that the plan will jeopardise already worsening relations between the two neighbouring states.</p> <p>Syria has not responded to Iraq’s invitation. Informed Syrian sources asserted that the project was conceived decades ago, and not a new concept at all, as the Iraqis are claiming. In fact, it is an indicator of warming relations between Syria and Turkey, because Ankara gave Damascus the green light to go ahead and begin the project.</p> <p>The plan is indeed old, but was delayed because previous governments in Turkey refused to sign any agreement to share water with Syria and Iraq. With encouragement from abroad, Ankara was fooled into believing that it would be stronger and have more leverage by controlling the water flow.</p> <p>Syria and Iraq have fought over water resources in the past. In the 1980s, it threatened to ignite a war. Eventually the quarrel came to include Turkey, especially after Ankara began building large dams on the Euphrates and Tigris. So far, no three-way agreement has been reached because Turkey refuses to share the water with Syria and Iraq.</p> <p>The heart of the problem lies in differences of interpretation of Syria and Iraq on the one hand, and Turkey on the other. Turkey believes the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which originate in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey and pass through Syria and Iraq, to be "marginally cross-border rivers" because they barely pass inside the borders of Syria and Iraq. But Syria and Iraq consider them major international water bodies which should be evenly divided among everyone.</p> <p>When the regimes in Damascus and Baghdad fell out in the 1970-80s, this negatively affected their rights to the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris and a number of smaller rivers, because they refused to sit together or with the Turkish side. Ankara used Syrian- Iraqi tensions to exercise control over the waters of the rivers and keep a much larger share than stipulated in international water agreements for itself. It constructed massive dams on the rivers, using their waters in agricultural and industrial projects along their banks. It cut down the amount of water going to each country, and refused to recognise that the two rivers were international waterways but rather local Turkish rivers which happen to pass through Syria and Iraq on their way to the Arab shore, south of Basra in Iraq.</p> <p>In 1974, Turkey began the Southeastern Anatolian (GAP) project which consists of 21 dams, 17 of which on the Euphrates including Ataturk Dam and four others on the River Tigris. It also included 19 power stations and 47 water reservoirs, and a variety of other projects in the fields of agriculture, industry, transportation, irrigation and communication. Ankara earmarked $32 billion for the project and received a large part of the budget from international funding in the form of loans and grants, especially from the US, Canada, Israel and France.</p> <p>In 1987, Syria and Iraq tried to gain some recognition over the waters of the two rivers, but it was too late. Turkey refused to negotiate with them as one party and dealt with each side separately, taking a disproportionate amount for itself. Damascus and Baghdad could do nothing, especially in light of the fact that Ankara continued its plans to construct dams and was able to cut off the flow of the river altogether to both neighbours.</p> <p>In 1989, Syria and Iraq agreed to divide the quota of the Euphrates River given to them, whereby Syria’s share amounted to 42 per cent and 52 per cent went to Iraq. Later, in 2000, the two sides agreed that Syria should receive a share of the Tigris water (which flows 50km inside its border), enough to irrigate almost 200,000 hectares of land.</p> <p>In the end, sharing the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris became a capricious matter, not relying on clear and precise agreements based on international law. Turkey’s whims dictate quotas with no base in international law. In 2007, a three-way meeting failed to result in a comprehensive agreement on the issue because Turkey refused to change the status quo and wanted to make it a de facto arrangement.</p> <p>Syria’s project to divert Tigris water, which it started publicly planning at the beginning of this year, has antagonised the Iraqis to an unexpected degree, and Baghdad’s reaction came as a surprise to Damascus. This is especially true since there is a preliminary agreement regarding this issue with the previous regime in Iraq, which Iraqis today consider invalid. The Syrians counter that the agreement was concluded with a legitimate Iraqi government and not one person per se, and it is illogical to annul agreements between countries every time the regime changes.</p> <p>Syrian political circles feel that Iraq’s reasoning is another attempt by Iraq’s government to raise tensions between the two countries, and manipulate this domestically now that Iraq is about to form a new government.</p> <p>Relations between the two neighbours have not been at their best for almost one year, after Iraq’s Prime Minister Nuri Al-Maliki accused Syria of hosting and assisting Al-Baath Party elements who support the ousted regime in Baghdad. Iraq claims these elements are behind a number of attacks in Baghdad which have killed hundreds of Iraqis. These accusations also came as a surprise for the Syrians who said they have tried their utmost in the past few years to prevent fighters from going into Iraq by more vigilant control of the border. At the same time, Syria is home to 1.5 million Iraqi refugees and says it has cooperated with Iraqi authorities.</p> <p>Syrian officials believe that Iraq’s objections to the Tigris project are not a result of Iraqi concerns over water but have other political goals to do with domestic Iraqi politics, power struggles among Iraqi factions, and complications in forming Iraq’s new cabinet.</p> <p>No doubt, the quarrel between Syria and Iraq over the past decades has allowed Turkey to do as it pleases with the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris. Today, closer ties between Damascus and Ankara — which could almost be described as a strategic alliance — are still not enough to convince Turkey to admit that these are international rivers, and it continues to control them unilaterally.</p> <p>Observers believe that rising political friction between Syria and Iraq, their distraction with secondary issues over more important ones, and their lax positions towards Turkey on the water issue and other matters have not only caused tension, but resulted in immense strategic losses for both parties. </p> <p>They will have to look beyond this current spat and focus on the real problem — resolving the quota issue with Turkey.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155109/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2010/1002/re85.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Turkey muddies the water</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"><a 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