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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Twitter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 2022–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance_and_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance_and_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Appearance and features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appearance_and_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Appearance and features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Appearance_and_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tweets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tweets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Tweets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tweets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multimedia_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multimedia_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Multimedia content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multimedia_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trending_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trending_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Trending topics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trending_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Lists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Moments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Algorithm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algorithm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Algorithm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algorithm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Mobile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-X_Premium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#X_Premium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 X Premium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-X_Premium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verification_of_paid_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verification_of_paid_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 Verification of paid accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verification_of_paid_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_monetization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_monetization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 User monetization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_monetization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-E-commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E-commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 E-commerce </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Usage </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Usage subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levels_of_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levels_of_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Levels of use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levels_of_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_engagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_engagement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 User engagement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_engagement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Branding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Logo evolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Finances </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Finances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Finances subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revenue_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenue_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Revenue sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenue_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising_bans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising_bans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Advertising bans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising_bans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Fines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Technology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Technology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Implementation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-API_and_developer_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#API_and_developer_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 API and developer platform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-API_and_developer_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innovator's_patent_agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innovator's_patent_agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Innovator's patent agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innovator's_patent_agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_source" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_source"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Open source </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_source-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Interface </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Outages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 User accounts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-User_accounts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle User accounts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-User_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verified_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verified_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Verified accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verified_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Privacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Harassment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suspect_and_contested_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suspect_and_contested_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Suspect and contested accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suspect_and_contested_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malicious_and_fake_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malicious_and_fake_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Malicious and fake accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malicious_and_fake_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bot_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bot_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Bot accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bot_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usage_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Usage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protesters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protesters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Protesters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protesters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pornographic_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pornographic_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 Pornographic content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pornographic_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child_sexual_exploitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_sexual_exploitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.4 Child sexual exploitation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_sexual_exploitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emergency_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 Emergency use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.3 Public figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.4 World leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_and_moderation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_and_moderation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Censorship and moderation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_and_moderation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moderation_of_tweets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderation_of_tweets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.1 Moderation of tweets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderation_of_tweets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Community Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_cases,_lawsuits,_and_adjudication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_cases,_lawsuits,_and_adjudication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Court cases, lawsuits, and adjudication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_cases,_lawsuits,_and_adjudication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Statistics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Statistics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-User_accounts_with_large_follower_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_accounts_with_large_follower_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 User accounts with large follower base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_accounts_with_large_follower_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Record_tweets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_tweets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Record tweets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record_tweets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Twitter</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 165 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" > 165 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(soziales_Netzwerk)" title="X (soziales Netzwerk) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="X (soziales Netzwerk)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%8A%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ትዊተር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ትዊተር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84)" title="إكس (منصة تواصل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إكس (منصة تواصل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="টুইটাৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="টুইটাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="توئیتر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توئیتر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwit%C9%9Bri" title="Tiwitɛri – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Tiwitɛri" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="টুইটার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টুইটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(si%C4%81-k%C3%BBn_b%C4%81ng-ch%C4%81m)" title="X (siā-kûn bāng-chām) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="X (siā-kûn bāng-chām)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="X (сацыяльная сетка) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="X (сацыяльная сетка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="X (сацыяльная сетка) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="X (сацыяльная сетка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Туитър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туитър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/X" title="X – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="X" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(soci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_s%C3%AD%C5%A5)" title="X (sociální síť) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="X (sociální síť)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(socialt_medie)" title="X (socialt medie) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="X (socialt medie)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="تويتر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تويتر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(soziales_Netzwerk)" title="X (soziales Netzwerk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X (soziales Netzwerk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="X (μέσο κοινωνικής δικτύωσης) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="X (μέσο κοινωνικής δικτύωσης)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(mikrobloga_servo)" title="X (mikrobloga servo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="X (mikrobloga servo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="توییتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توییتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(moggyl_sheshoil)" title="X (moggyl sheshoil) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="X (moggyl sheshoil)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="تۊئيتر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊئيتر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0" title="ટ્વિટર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ટ્વિટર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%EC%86%8C%EC%85%9C_%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%8C%ED%81%AC)" title="X (소셜 네트워크) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="X (소셜 네트워크)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թվիթթեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվիթթեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(dru%C5%A1tvena_mre%C5%BEa)" title="X (društvena mreža) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="X (društvena mreža)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(media_sosial)" title="X (media sosial) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="X (media sosial)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(samf%C3%A9lagsmi%C3%B0ill)" title="X (samfélagsmiðill) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="X (samfélagsmiðill)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8" title="טוויטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוויטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟ್ವಿಟ್ಟರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟ್ವಿಟ್ಟರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%8F%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ٹُویٹر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹُویٹر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(Twitter)" title="X (Twitter) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="X (Twitter)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ທະວິດເຕີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະວິດເຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(Soziaalt_Netzwierk)" title="X (Soziaalt Netzwierk) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="X (Soziaalt Netzwierk)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(internetdeens)" title="X (internetdeens) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="X (internetdeens)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твитер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Твитер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D)" title="എക്സ് (സോഷ്യൽ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എക്സ് (സോഷ്യൽ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="تويتر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تويتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94" title="ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠꯇꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠꯇꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="တွစ်တာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တွစ်တာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(sociaalnetwerksite)" title="X (sociaalnetwerksite) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="X (sociaalnetwerksite)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X" title="X – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="X" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9)" title="X (ソーシャル・ネットワーキング・サービス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="X (ソーシャル・ネットワーキング・サービス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(sosialt_nettverk)" title="X (sosialt nettverk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="X (sosialt nettverk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(Twitter)" title="X (Twitter) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="X (Twitter)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଟୁଇଟର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟୁଇଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਟਵਿਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਵਿਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ٹویٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹویٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%BC%D8%B1" title="ټویټر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټویټر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A" title="ធ្វិតថឺរ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ធ្វិតថឺរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(serwis_spo%C5%82eczno%C5%9Bciowy)" title="X (serwis społecznościowy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="X (serwis społecznościowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्विटर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ट्विटर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱴᱩᱭᱴᱚᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱴᱩᱭᱴᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(rrjet_social)" title="X (rrjet social) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="X (rrjet social)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ට්විටර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ට්විටර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%B1" title="ٽوئيٽر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽوئيٽر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuwitter" title="Tuwitter – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tuwitter" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="تویتەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تویتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(m%C3%A9dia_sosial)" title="X (média sosial) – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="X (média sosial)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(sosiaalinen_media)" title="X (sosiaalinen media) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="X (sosiaalinen media)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(hatirang_pangmadla)" title="X (hatirang pangmadla) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="X (hatirang pangmadla)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="டுவிட்டர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டுவிட்டர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="ထဝိတ်ႉတႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ထဝိတ်ႉတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ట్విట్టర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ట్విట్టర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ทวิตเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทวิตเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твиттер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Твиттер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%86%E1%8E%B3_%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%83%E1%8E%AE%E1%8F%97" title="ᎤᏍᏆᎳ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏍᏆᎳ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Твіттер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Твіттер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ٹویٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹویٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1" title="تىۋىتتېر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تىۋىتتېر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E7%89%B9" title="推特 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="推特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%EF%BC%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%89" title="X（社交网络服务） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="X（社交网络服务）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="טוויטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טוויטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99)" title="X (社交網絡服務) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="X (社交網絡服務)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Twitter" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99)" title="X (社交網路服務) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="X (社交網路服務)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(wasilah_silaturahmi)" title="X (wasilah silaturahmi) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="X (wasilah silaturahmi)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American social networking service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the social network. For the former parent company, see <a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">X</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:X_logo_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/100px-X_logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/150px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/200px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2023<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Screen_of_X_(Twitter).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Screen_of_X_%28Twitter%29.png/300px-Screen_of_X_%28Twitter%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Screen_of_X_%28Twitter%29.png/450px-Screen_of_X_%28Twitter%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Screen_of_X_%28Twitter%29.png/600px-Screen_of_X_%28Twitter%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="1064" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">X homepage visited while logged out in November 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Twitter (2006–2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networking service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">Multilingual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">March 21, 2006; 18 years ago (2006-03-21), in San Francisco, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area served</th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide, except <a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">blocking countries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odeo" title="Odeo">Odeo</a> (March–October 2006)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Obvious_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Obvious Corporation">Obvious Corporation</a> (2006–2007)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a> (2007–2023)</li><li><a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a> (2023–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Organizational_founder" title="Organizational founder">Founder(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Glass" title="Noah Glass">Noah Glass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biz_Stone" title="Biz Stone">Biz Stone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Williams_(Internet_entrepreneur)" title="Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)">Evan Williams</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">CEO</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linda_Yaccarino" title="Linda Yaccarino">Linda Yaccarino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/">x.com</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Required<a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">July 15, 2006; 18 years ago (2006-07-15)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Native client(s) on</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Amazon Fire Tablet</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Twitter, officially known as X since July 2023, is a <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">social networking service</a>. It is one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> websites and one of the <a href="/wiki/Most-visited_websites" class="mw-redirect" title="Most-visited websites">most-visited websites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-kolodny-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> Users can share short text messages, images, and videos in <a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">short posts</a> commonly known as "<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">tweets</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Retweet" class="mw-redirect" title="Retweet">retweets</a>" (officially "post" or "repost") and <a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">like</a> other users' content.<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[5]</a> The platform also includes <a href="/wiki/Direct_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct message">direct messaging</a>, video and audio calling, bookmarks, lists, communities, a chatbot (<a href="/wiki/Grok_(chatbot)" title="Grok (chatbot)">Grok</a>), job search<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> and Spaces, a social audio feature. Users can vote on context added by approved users using the <a href="/wiki/Community_Notes" title="Community Notes">Community Notes</a> feature. Twitter was created in March 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah_Glass" title="Noah Glass">Noah Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biz_Stone" title="Biz Stone">Biz Stone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evan_Williams_(Internet_entrepreneur)" title="Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)">Evan Williams</a>, and was launched in July of that year. Twitter grew quickly; by 2012 more than 100 million users produced 340 million tweets per day.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter-2012-9">[7]</a> Twitter, Inc., was based in San Francisco, California, and had more than 25 offices around the world.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[8]</a> A signature characteristic of the service initially was that posts were required to be brief. Posts were initially limited to 140 characters, which was changed to 280 characters in 2017. The limitation was removed for subscribed accounts in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_500-11">[9]</a> The majority of tweets are produced by a minority of users.<a href="#cite_note-:3-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were run by <a href="/wiki/Internet_bot" title="Internet bot">internet bots</a> rather than humans.<a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez-14">[12]</a> The service is owned by the American company <a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a>, which was established to succeed the prior owner <a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a> in March 2023 following the <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">October 2022 acquisition of Twitter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> for US$44 billion. Musk stated that his goal with the acquisition was to promote <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">free speech</a> on the platform. <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Since his acquisition</a>, the platform has been criticized for enabling the increased spread of <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Linda_Yaccarino" title="Linda Yaccarino">Linda Yaccarino</a> succeeded Musk as CEO on June 5, 2023, with Musk remaining as the chairman and the <a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">chief technology officer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yaccarino-ceo-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miller-2022-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> In July 2023, Musk announced that Twitter would be rebranded to "X" and the bird logo would be retired,<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> a process which was completed by May 2024. Since Musk's takeover, data from app-tracking firms has shown that global usage of Twitter has declined by approximately 15%, compared to a decline of 5–10% in some other social media sites.<a href="#cite_note-Hern-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fischer-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kantrowitz-28">[26]</a> The platform has disputed that usage has dropped at all, with Musk saying that membership had grown to 600 million users as of a May 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a> tweet.<a href="#cite_note-smt-600m-29">[27]</a> By October 2024, the platform was estimated to have lost about 80 percent of its value since Musk acquired it.<a href="#cite_note-cnn2024-30">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Twitter" title="History of Twitter">History of Twitter</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Twitter" title="Timeline of Twitter">Timeline of Twitter</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–2021">2006–2021</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg/180px-Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg/270px-Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg/360px-Twttr_sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A sketch, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2006, by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a>, envisioning an SMS-based <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a> claims to have introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate to a small group in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> The original <a href="/wiki/Project_code_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Project code name">project code name</a> for the service was twttr, an idea that Williams later ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Noah_Glass_(Twitter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah Glass (Twitter)">Noah Glass</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> inspired by <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> and the five-character length of American SMS <a href="/wiki/Short_code" title="Short code">short codes</a>. The decision was also partly due to the fact that the domain twitter.com was already in use, and it was six months after the launch of twttr that the crew purchased the domain and changed the name of the service to Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> Work on the project started in February 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-2011-34">[32]</a> The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as an internal service for <a href="/wiki/Odeo" title="Odeo">Odeo</a> employees.<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-2011-34">[32]</a> The full version was introduced publicly on July 15, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-launch-35">[33]</a> In October 2006, <a href="/wiki/Biz_Stone" title="Biz Stone">Biz Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evan_Williams_(Internet_entrepreneur)" title="Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)">Evan Williams</a>, Dorsey, and other members of Odeo formed Obvious Corporation and acquired Odeo from the investors and shareholders.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitter's startup until 2011.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tipping_point_(sociology)" title="Tipping point (sociology)">tipping point</a> for Twitter's popularity was the 2007 <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="South by Southwest Interactive">South by Southwest Interactive</a> (SXSWi) conference. During the event, <a href="/wiki/Twitter_usage" title="Twitter usage">Twitter usage</a> increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> The company experienced rapid initial growth thereafter. In 2009, Twitter won the "Breakout of the Year" <a href="/wiki/Webby_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Webby Award">Webby Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> In February 2010, Twitter users were sending 50 million tweets per day.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> By March 2010, the company recorded over 70,000 registered applications.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> In June 2010, about 65 million tweets were posted each day, equaling about 750 tweets sent each second, according to Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a>As noted on <a href="/wiki/Compete.com" title="Compete.com">Compete.com</a>, Twitter moved up to the third-highest-ranking <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a> site in January 2009 from its previous rank of twenty-second.<a href="#cite_note-Kazeniac-45">[43]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg/220px-Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg/330px-Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg/440px-Jack_Dorsey_-_TechCrunch_Real-Time_Stream_Crunchup_-_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a>, co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, in 2009</figcaption></figure> From September through October 2010, the company began rolling out "New Twitter", an entirely revamped edition of twitter.com. Changes included the ability to see pictures and videos without leaving Twitter itself by clicking on individual tweets which contain links to images and clips from a variety of supported websites, including YouTube and <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>, and a complete overhaul of the interface.<a href="#cite_note-:4-46">[44]</a> In 2019, Twitter was announced to be the 10th most downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:4-46">[44]</a> On March 21, 2012, Twitter celebrated its sixth birthday by announcing that it had 140 million users, a 40% rise from September 2011, who were sending 340 million tweets per day.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> On June 5, 2012, a modified logo was unveiled through the company blog, removing the text to showcase the slightly redesigned bird as the sole symbol of Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> On December 18, 2012, Twitter announced it had surpassed 200 million <a href="/wiki/Monthly_active_users" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthly active users">monthly active users</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In September 2013, the company's data showed that 200 million users sent over 400 million tweets daily, with nearly 60% of tweets sent from mobile devices.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> In April 2014, Twitter underwent a redesign that made the site resemble Facebook somewhat, with a profile picture and biography in a column left to the timeline, and a full-width header image with <a href="/wiki/Parallax_scrolling" title="Parallax scrolling">parallax scrolling</a> effect.<a href="#cite_note-52">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> Late in 2015, it became apparent that growth had slowed, according to Fortune,<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> Business Insider,<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> Marketing Land<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> and other news websites including Quartz (in 2016).<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> In 2019, Twitter released another redesign of its user interface.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> By the start of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a>, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter-59">[56]</a> Twitter then experienced considerable growth during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> The platform also was increasingly used for <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">misinformation related to the pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> Twitter started marking tweets which contained misleading information, and adding links to fact-checks.<a href="#cite_note-Roth-2020-62">[59]</a> In 2021, Twitter began the research phase of <a href="/wiki/Bluesky_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluesky (protocol)">Bluesky</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> decentralized social media protocol where users can choose which <a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_curation" title="Algorithmic curation">algorithmic curation</a> they want.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> The same year, Twitter also released Twitter Spaces, a social audio feature;<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> "super follows", a way to subscribe to creators for exclusive content;<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> and a beta of "ticketed Spaces", which makes access to certain audio rooms paid.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Twitter unveiled a redesign in August 2021, with adjusted colors and a new Chirp font, which improves the left-alignment of most Western languages. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–present">2022–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X_logo_2023_original.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/X_logo_2023_original.svg/180px-X_logo_2023_original.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/X_logo_2023_original.svg/270px-X_logo_2023_original.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/X_logo_2023_original.svg/360px-X_logo_2023_original.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The original version of the X logo</figcaption></figure> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter_under_Elon_Musk&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> completed <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">his acquisition of Twitter</a> in October 2022; Musk acted as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of Twitter until June 2023 when he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Linda_Yaccarino" title="Linda Yaccarino">Linda Yaccarino</a>. In a move that, despite Yaccarino's accession, was widely attributed to Musk,<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> Twitter was rebranded to X on July 23, 2023,<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_rebrand-71">[68]</a> and its domain name changed from twitter.com to x.com on May 17, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_url-72">[69]</a> X is one of the top <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> platforms and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_websites" title="List of most-visited websites">fifth-most-visited website in the world</a> as of June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Users can share posts containing text messages, images, and videos and interact with other users' content through <a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">likes</a> and reposts.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_:12-75">[72]</a> X offers additional features such as <a href="/wiki/Private_message" title="Private message">direct messaging</a>, video and audio calling, bookmarks, lists, communities, a chatbot, and the social audio feature Spaces. Founded in March 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah_Glass" title="Noah Glass">Noah Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biz_Stone" title="Biz Stone">Biz Stone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evan_Williams_(Internet_entrepreneur)" title="Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)">Evan Williams</a> as Twitter, it underwent a rebranding in July 2023 after being acquired by <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> in 2022. Now operating as X, the platform closely resembles its predecessor but includes additional features such as long-form texts,<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> account monetization options,<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> audio-video calls,<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> integration with <a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grok_(chatbot)" title="Grok (chatbot)">Grok</a> chatbot,<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_:1-79">[76]</a> job search,<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_:0-80">[77]</a> and a verification process accessible to premium users.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Several Twitter legacy features were removed from the site after Musk acquired Twitter, including Circles,<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token" title="Non-fungible token">NFT</a> profile pictures,<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preferred_gender_pronoun" title="Preferred gender pronoun">pronouns</a> in profiles.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> Musk aims to transform X into an "everything app", akin to <a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_Ortutay-202322-85">[82]</a> X has faced significant controversy post-rebranding. Issues such as the release of the <a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a>, <a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">suspension of journalists' accounts</a>, and temporary measures like labeling media outlets as "state-affiliated" and restricting their visibility have sparked criticism.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_Stempel-86">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> Despite Musk stepping down as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>, X continues to struggle with challenges such as viral <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> controversies.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> In response to allegations, X Corp. has pursued legal action against nonprofit organizations <a href="/wiki/Media_Matters_for_America" title="Media Matters for America">Media Matters</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_under_Elon_Musk_Stempel-86">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance_and_features">Appearance and features</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Twitter_features" title="List of Twitter features">List of Twitter features</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet (social media)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Summarize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section should include only a brief summary of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Twitter_features" title="List of Twitter features">List of Twitter features</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Wikipedia:Summary style</a> for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text. (November 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tweets">Tweets</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Twitter hashtag" redirects here. For more about hashtags, see <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mention_(blogging)#@_(at_sign)" title="Mention (blogging)">Mention (blogging) § @ (at sign)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_wikipedia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Twitter_wikipedia.png/220px-Twitter_wikipedia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Twitter_wikipedia.png/330px-Twitter_wikipedia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Twitter_wikipedia.png/440px-Twitter_wikipedia.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The account page for Wikipedia as of August 2024</figcaption></figure> Tweets were publicly visible by default, but senders can restrict message delivery to only their followers. Users can mute users they do not wish to interact with, block accounts from viewing their posts, and remove accounts from their followers list.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Users can post via the Twitter website, compatible external applications (such as for <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>), or by <a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">Short Message Service</a> (SMS) available in certain countries.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> Users may subscribe to other users' posts—this is known as "following" and subscribers are known as "followers"<a href="#cite_note-lists1-96">[93]</a> or "tweeps", a portmanteau of Twitter and peeps.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> Individual posts can be forwarded by other users to their own feed, a process known as a "repost" or "retweet". In 2015, Twitter launched "quote tweet" (originally called "retweet with comment"),<a href="#cite_note-verge-quotetweet-98">[95]</a> a feature that allows users to add a comment to their post, imbedding one post in the other.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Users can also "<a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">like</a>" (formerly "favorite") individual tweets.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> The counters for "likes", "retweets/reposts", and replies appear next to the respective buttons in timelines such as on profile pages and search results. Counters for likes and reposts exist on a post's standalone page too. Since September 2020, quote tweets, formerly known as "retweet with comment", have their own counter on their post page.<a href="#cite_note-verge-quotetweet-98">[95]</a> Until the legacy desktop front end that was discontinued in 2020, a row with miniature profile pictures of up to ten liking or retweeting users was displayed (earliest documented implementation in December 2011 overhaul), as well as a tweet reply counter next to the according button on a tweet's page.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Twitter allows users to update their profile via their mobile phones either by text messaging or by apps released for certain smartphones and tablets.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Twitter announced in a tweet on September 1, 2022, that the ability to edit a tweet was being tested for select users. Eventually, all <a href="#Blue">Twitter Blue</a> subscribers would be able to use the feature.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Users can group posts together by topic or type by use of <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a> – words or phrases prefixed with a "<code>#</code>" sign. Similarly, the "<code>@</code>" sign followed by a <a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">username</a> is used for mentioning or replying to other users.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> In 2014, Twitter introduced hashflags, special hashtags that automatically generate a custom <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a> next to them for a certain period of time.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Hashflags may be generated by Twitter themselves<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> or be purchased by corporations.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> To repost a message from another user and share it with one's own followers, a user can click the repost button within the post. Users can reply to other accounts' replies. Users can hide replies to their messages and select who can reply to each of their tweets before sending them: anyone, accounts who follow the post's author, specific accounts, or none.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> The original, strict 140 character limit was gradually relaxed. In 2016, Twitter announced that attachments, links, and media such as photos, videos, and the person's handle, would no longer count; a user photo post used to count for around 24 characters.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Twitter_Name-112">[109]</a> In 2017, Twitter handles were similarly excluded.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> The same year, Twitter doubled its historical 140-character-limitation to 280.<a href="#cite_note-new280limit-114">[111]</a> Under the new limit, <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> are counted as a variable number of characters, depending upon the script they are from.<a href="#cite_note-new280limit-114">[111]</a> In 2023, Twitter announced that Twitter Blue users could create posts with up to 4,000 characters in length.<a href="#cite_note-eg-8feb2023-115">[112]</a> t.co is a <a href="/wiki/URL_shortening" title="URL shortening">URL shortening</a> service created by Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-twitterhelpshort-116">[113]</a> It is only available for links posted to Twitter and not available for general use.<a href="#cite_note-twitterhelpshort-116">[113]</a> All links posted to Twitter use a t.co wrapper.<a href="#cite_note-twitterblog-117">[114]</a> Twitter intended the service to protect users from malicious sites,<a href="#cite_note-twitterhelpshort-116">[113]</a> and to use it to track clicks on links within tweets.<a href="#cite_note-twitterhelpshort-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> Twitter had previously used the services of third parties <a href="/wiki/TinyURL" title="TinyURL">TinyURL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bit.ly" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit.ly">bit.ly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> In June 2011, Twitter announced its own integrated photo-sharing service that enables users to upload a photo and attach it to a Tweet right from Twitter.com.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> Users now also have the ability to add pictures to Twitter's search by adding hashtags to the tweet.<a href="#cite_note-twitpic-121">[118]</a> Twitter also plans to provide photo galleries designed to gather and syndicate all photos that a user has uploaded on Twitter and third-party services such as <a href="/wiki/TwitPic" title="TwitPic">TwitPic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-twitpic-121">[118]</a> On March 29, 2016, Twitter introduced the ability to add a caption of up to 480 characters to each image attached to a tweet,<a href="#cite_note-hc_420-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-420char-123">[120]</a> accessible via screen reading software or by hovering the mouse above a picture inside <a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a>. In April 2022, Twitter made the ability to add and view captions globally available. Descriptions can be added to any uploaded image with a limit of 1000 characters. Images that have a description will feature a badge that says ALT in the bottom left corner, which will bring up the description when clicked.<a href="#cite_note-AltDesc2022-124">[121]</a> In 2015, Twitter began to roll out the ability to attach poll questions to tweets. Polls are open for up to 7 days, and voters are not personally identified.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> In Twitter's early years, users could communicate with Twitter using SMS. Twitter discontinued this feature in most countries in April 2023, after hackers had exposed vulnerabilities in the feature.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-VergeDiscontinuation-127">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multimedia_content">Multimedia content</h3></div> In 2016, Twitter began to place a larger focus on live streaming video programming, hosting various events including streams of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Democratic</a> conventions during the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential campaign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> and winning a bid for non-exclusive streaming rights to ten <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> games in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-verge-twitterstreamingvideo-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-tnftwitter-130">[127]</a> During an event in New York in May 2017, Twitter announced that it planned to construct a 24-hour streaming video channel hosted within the service, featuring content from various partners.<a href="#cite_note-verge-twitterstreamingvideo-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-recode-twittervideo-131">[128]</a> Twitter announced a number of new and expanded partnerships for its streaming video services at the event, including <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar</a>, <a href="/wiki/WME/IMG" class="mw-redirect" title="WME/IMG">IMG Fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/BET_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BET (TV channel)">BET</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL_Network" title="NFL Network">NFL Network</a>, the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Players%27_Tribune" title="The Players' Tribune">The Players' Tribune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Silverman" title="Ben Silverman">Ben Silverman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Owens" title="Howard T. Owens">Howard T. Owens</a>' Propagate, <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadium_(sports_network)" title="Stadium (sports network)">Stadium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-variety-streamingchannel-132">[129]</a> as of the first quarter of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a>, Twitter had over 200 content partners, who streamed over 800 hours of video over 450 events.<a href="#cite_note-variety-streamingchannel-132">[129]</a> Twitter Spaces is a <a href="/wiki/Social_audio" title="Social audio">social audio</a> feature that enables users to host or participate in a live-audio virtual environment called space for conversation. A maximum of 13 people are allowed onstage. The feature was initially limited to users with at least 600 followers, but since October 2021, any Twitter user can create a Space.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> In March 2020, Twitter began to test a <a href="/wiki/Stories_(social_media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stories (social media)">stories</a> feature known as "fleets" in some markets,<a href="#cite_note-Perez-2020-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> which officially launched on November 17, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> Fleets could contain text and media, are only accessible for 24 hours after they are posted, and are accessed within the Twitter app;<a href="#cite_note-Perez-2020-134">[131]</a> Twitter announced it would start implementing advertising into fleets in June 2021.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Fleets were removed in August 2021; Twitter had intended for fleets to encourage more users to tweet regularly, but instead they were generally used by already-active users.<a href="#cite_note-expiringfeature-139">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trending_topics">Trending topics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitter_trends" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter trends">Twitter trends</a></div> Twitter introduced its "trends" feature in mid-2008, an algorithmic lists of trending topics among users.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2022-140">[137]</a> A word or phrase mentioned can become "trending topic" based on an algorithm.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2022-140">[137]</a> Because a relatively small number of users can affect trending topics through a concerted campaign, the feature has been the targeted of concerted manipulation campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2022-140">[137]</a> While some campaigns are innocuous, others have promoted conspiracy theories or hoaxes, or sought to amplify extremist messages.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2022-140">[137]</a> Some featured trends are globally displayed, while others are limited to a specific country.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2022-140">[137]</a> A 2021 study by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">EPFL</a> researchers found that frequent "ephemeral <a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturfing</a>" efforts targeted at Trends; from 2015 to 2019, "47% of local trends in Turkey and 20% of global trends are fake, created from scratch by bots...The fake trends discovered include <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> apps, gambling promotions, disinformation campaigns, political slogans, <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> against vulnerable populations and even marriage proposals."<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> The <a href="/wiki/MIT_Technology_Review" title="MIT Technology Review">MIT Technology Review</a> reported that, as of 2022, Twitter "sometimes manually overrides particularly objectionable trends" and, for some trends, used both algorithmic and human input to select representative tweets with context.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2022-140">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists">Lists</h3></div> In late 2009, the "Twitter Lists" feature was added, making it possible for users to follow a curated list of accounts all at once, rather than following individual users.<a href="#cite_note-lists1-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> Currently,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] lists can be set to either public or private. Public lists may be recommended to users via the general Lists interface and appear in search results.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> If a user follows a public list, it will appear in the "View Lists" section of their profile, so that other users may quickly find it and follow it as well.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> Private lists can only be followed if the creator shares a specific link to their list. Lists add a separate tab to the Twitter interface with the title of the list, such as "News" or "Economics". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moments">Moments</h3></div> In October 2015, Twitter introduced "Moments"—a feature that allows users to curate tweets from other users into a larger collection. Twitter initially intended the feature to be used by its in-house editorial team and other partners; they populated a dedicated tab in Twitter's apps, chronicling news headlines, sporting events, and other content.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> In September 2016, creation of moments became available to all Twitter users.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algorithm">Algorithm</h3></div> On October 21, 2021, a report based on a "long-running, massive-scale randomized experiment" that analyzed "millions of tweets sent between 1 April and 15 August 2020", found that Twitter's <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> <a href="/wiki/Recommendation_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Recommendation algorithm">recommendation algorithm</a> amplified right-leaning politics on personalized user Home timelines.<a href="#cite_note-Huszár_20211021-149">[146]</a>: 1 <a href="#cite_note-BBC_20211022-150">[147]</a> The report compared seven countries with active Twitter users where data was available (Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, and Spain) and examined tweets "from major political groups and politicians".<a href="#cite_note-Huszár_20211021-149">[146]</a>: 4  Researchers used the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHESDATA) to position parties on political ideology within each country.<a href="#cite_note-Huszár_20211021-149">[146]</a>: 4  The "machine learning algorithms", introduced by Twitter in 2016, personalized 99% of users' feeds by displaying tweets (even older tweets and retweets from accounts the user had not directly followed) that the algorithm had "deemed relevant" to the users' past preferences.<a href="#cite_note-Huszár_20211021-149">[146]</a>: 4  Twitter randomly chose 1% of users whose Home timelines displayed content in reverse-chronological order from users they directly followed.<a href="#cite_note-Huszár_20211021-149">[146]</a>: 2  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile">Mobile</h3></div> Twitter had mobile apps for <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> In April 2017, Twitter introduced Twitter Lite, a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_web_app" title="Progressive web app">progressive web app</a> designed for regions with unreliable and slow Internet connections, with a size of less than one <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabyte</a>, designed for devices with limited storage capacity.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="X_Premium">X Premium</h3></div> On June 3, 2021, Twitter announced a paid subscription service called Twitter Blue. Following <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter's rebranding to "X"</a>, the subscription service was initially renamed to X Blue (or simply Blue), and, on August 5, 2023, was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/X_Premium" class="mw-redirect" title="X Premium">X Premium</a> (or simply Premium).<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> The subscription provides additional premium features to the service.<a href="#cite_note-Perez-2021-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> In November 2023 a "Premium+" subscription was launched, with a higher monthly fee giving benefits such as the omission of adverts on For You and Following feeds.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verification_of_paid_accounts">Verification of paid accounts</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitter_verification" title="Twitter verification">Twitter verification</a></div> In November 2022, Musk announced plans to add account verification and the ability to upload longer audio and video to Twitter Blue. A previous perk offering advertising-free news articles from participating publishers was dropped, but Musk stated that Twitter did want to work with publishers on a similar "<a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywall</a> bypass" perk.<a href="#cite_note-Roth-2022-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peters-2022-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roth-2022a-161">[158]</a> Musk had pushed for a more expensive version of Twitter Blue following his takeover, arguing that it would be needed to offset a decline in advertising revenue.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Twitter states that paid verification is required to help reduce fraudulent accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-2023-163">[160]</a> The verification marker was included in a premium tier of Twitter Blue introduced on November 9, 2022, priced at US$7.99 per month.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> On November 11, 2022, after the introduction of this feature led to prominent issues involving accounts using the feature to impersonate public figures and companies, Twitter Blue with verification was temporarily suspended.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lerman-2022-166">[163]</a> After about a month, Twitter Blue was relaunched on December 12, 2022, though for those purchasing the service through the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS/iPadOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS/iPadOS)">iOS app store</a>, the cost will be $10.99 a month as to offset the 30% revenue split that Apple takes.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> Twitter initially grandfathered users and entities that had gained verification due to their status as public figures, referring to them as "legacy verified accounts" that "may or may not be notable".<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> On March 25, 2023, it was announced that "legacy" verification status would be removed; a subscription will be required to retain verified status, costing $1,000 per-month for organizations (which are designated with a gold verified symbol),<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-2023-163">[160]</a> plus an additional $50 for each "affiliate".<a href="#cite_note-Gans-2023-169">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spangler-2023-170">[167]</a> The change was originally scheduled for April 1, 2023, but was delayed to April 20, 2023, following criticism of the changes.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> Musk also announced plans for the "For You" timeline to prioritize verified accounts and user followers only beginning April 15, 2023, and threatened to only allow verified users to participate in polls (although the latter change has yet to occur).<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> Effective April 21, 2023, Twitter requires companies to participate in the verified organizations program to purchase advertising on the platform, although companies that spend at least $1,000 on advertising per-month automatically receive membership in the program at no additional cost.<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-2023-163">[160]</a> From April 25, 2023, verified users are now prioritized in replies to tweets.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kaustubh-2023-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_monetization">User monetization</h3></div> In June 2021, the company opened applications for its premium subscription options called Super Follows. This lets eligible accounts charge $2.99, $4.99 or $9.99 per month to subscribe to the account.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> The launch only generated about $6,000 in its first two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> In 2023, the Super Follows feature was rebranded as simply "subscriptions", allowing users to publish exclusive long-form posts and videos for their subscribers; the pivot in marketing was reportedly intended to help compete with <a href="/wiki/Substack" title="Substack">Substack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> In May 2021, Twitter began testing a Tip Jar feature on its iOS and Android clients. The feature allows users to send monetary tips to certain accounts, providing a financial incentive for content creators on the platform. The Tip Jar is optional and users can choose whether or not to enable tips for their account.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> On September 23, 2021, Twitter announced that it will allow users to tip users on the social network with <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">bitcoin</a>. The feature will be available for iOS users. Previously, users could tip with fiat currency using services such as Square's <a href="/wiki/Cash_App" title="Cash App">Cash App</a> and PayPal's <a href="/wiki/Venmo" title="Venmo">Venmo</a>. Twitter will integrate the Strike bitcoin lightning wallet service. It was noted that at this current time, Twitter will not take a cut of any money sent through the tips feature.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> On August 27, 2021, Twitter rolled out Ticketed Spaces, which let Twitter Spaces hosts charge between $1 and $999 for access to their rooms.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> In April 2022, Twitter announced that it will partner with <a href="/wiki/Stripe,_Inc." title="Stripe, Inc.">Stripe, Inc.</a> for piloting cryptocurrency payouts for limited users in the platform. Eligible users of Ticketed Spaces and Super Follows will be able to receive their earnings in the form of USD coin, a stablecoin whose value is that of the U.S. dollar. Users can also hold their earnings in crypto wallets, and then exchange them into other cryptocurrencies.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E-commerce">E-commerce</h3></div> From 2014 to 2017, Twitter offered a "Buy button" feature, allowing tweets to embed products that could be purchased from within the service. Users could also add their billing and shipping information directly to their accounts. The buy button's platform partners at launch included <a href="/wiki/Stripe,_Inc." title="Stripe, Inc.">Stripe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumroad" title="Gumroad">Gumroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musictoday" title="Musictoday">Musictoday</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Fancy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fancy">The Fancy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> In July 2021, Twitter began testing a "Shop module" for iOS users in the United States, allowing accounts associated with brands to display a carousel of cards on their profiles showcasing products. Unlike the Buy button, where order fulfillment was handed from within Twitter, these cards are external links to online storefronts from which the products may be purchased.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> In March 2022, Twitter expanded the test to allow companies to showcase up to 50 products on their profiles.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> In November 2021, Twitter introduced support for "shoppable" live streams, in which brands can hold streaming events that similarly display banners and pages highlighting products that are featured in the presentation.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitter_usage" title="Twitter usage">Twitter usage</a></div> Daily user estimates vary as the company does not publish statistics on active accounts. A February 2009 <a href="/wiki/Compete.com" title="Compete.com">Compete.com</a> blog entry ranked Twitter as the third most used social network based on their count of 6 million unique monthly visitors and 55 million monthly visits.<a href="#cite_note-Kazeniac-45">[43]</a> An April 2017 a <a href="/wiki/Statista.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Statista.com">statista.com</a> blog entry ranked Twitter as the tenth most used social network based on their count of 319 million monthly visitors.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> Its global user base in 2017 was 328 million.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> According to Musk, the platform had 500 million monthly active users in March 2023, 550 million in March 2024, and 600 million in May 2024.<a href="#cite_note-smt-600m-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Black_Twitter" title="Black Twitter">Black Twitter</a></div> In 2009, Twitter was mainly used by older adults who might not have used other social sites before Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-teensdonttweet-190">[187]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/ComScore" class="mw-redirect" title="ComScore">comScore</a> only 11% of Twitter's users were aged 12 to 17.<a href="#cite_note-teensdonttweet-190">[187]</a> According to a study by <a href="/wiki/Sysomos" title="Sysomos">Sysomos</a> in June 2009, women made up a slightly larger Twitter demographic than men—53% over 47%. It also stated that 5% of users accounted for 75% of all activity.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> According to Quancast, 27 million people in the US used Twitter in September 2009; 63% of Twitter users were under 35 years old; 60% of Twitter users were Caucasian, but a higher than average (compared to other Internet properties) were African American/black (16%) and Hispanic (11%); 58% of Twitter users have a total household income of at least US$60,000.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> The prevalence of African American Twitter usage and in many popular hashtags has been the subject of research studies.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Twitter grew from 100 million monthly active users (MAUs) in September 2011,<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> to 255 million in March 2014,<a href="#cite_note-investor.twitterinc.com-196">[193]</a> and more than 330 million in early 2019.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Twitter-59">[56]</a> In 2013, there were over 100 million users actively using Twitter daily and about 500 million tweets every day.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> A 2016 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew research poll</a> found that Twitter is used by 24% of all online US adults. It was equally popular with men and women (24% and 25% of online Americans respectively), but more popular with younger generations (36% of 18–29-year olds).<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> A 2019 survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/The_Pew_Charitable_Trusts" title="The Pew Charitable Trusts">Pew Foundation</a> found that Twitter users are three times as likely to be younger than 50 years old, with the median age of adult U.S. users being 40. The survey found that 10% of users who are most active on Twitter are responsible for 80% of all tweets.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content">Content</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Content_of_Tweets.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Content_of_Tweets.svg/220px-Content_of_Tweets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Content_of_Tweets.svg/330px-Content_of_Tweets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Content_of_Tweets.svg/440px-Content_of_Tweets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Content of tweets according to Pear Analytics in August 2009 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  News (3.6%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Spam (3.8%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Self-promotion (6%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Pointless babble (40%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Conversational (38%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Pass-along value (8.7%)</div></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>-based market-research firm Pear Analytics analyzed 2,000 tweets (originating from the United States and in English) over a two-week period in August 2009 from 11:00 am to 5:00 pm (CST) and separated them into six categories.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Small_talk" title="Small talk">Pointless babble</a> made up 40%, with 38% being conversational. Pass-along value had 9%, self-promotion 6% with <a href="/wiki/Spam_(electronic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (electronic)">spam</a> and news each making 4%. Despite Jack Dorsey's own open contention that a message on Twitter is "a short burst of inconsequential information", social networking researcher <a href="/wiki/Danah_boyd" title="Danah boyd">danah boyd</a> responded to the Pear Analytics survey by arguing that what the Pear researchers labeled "pointless babble" is better characterized as "<a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">social grooming</a>" or "peripheral awareness" (which she justifies as persons "want[ing] to know what the people around them are thinking and doing and feeling, even when co-presence isn't viable").<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> Similarly, a survey of Twitter users found that a more specific social role of passing along messages that include a hyperlink is an expectation of reciprocal linking by followers.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Levels_of_use">Levels of use</h3></div> According to research published in April 2014, around 44% of user accounts have never tweeted.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> About 22% of Americans say they have used Twitter, according to a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Online">Nielsen Online</a> reported that Twitter had a user-retention rate of 40%. Many people stop using the service after a month; therefore the site may potentially reach only about 10% of all <a href="/wiki/Global_internet_usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Global internet usage">Internet users</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> Noting how demographics of Twitter users differ from the average Americans, commentators have cautioned against media narratives that treat Twitter as representative of the population,<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> adding that only 10% of users Tweet actively, and that 90% of Twitter users have Tweeted no more than twice. In 2016, shareholders sued Twitter, alleging it "artificially inflated its stock price by misleading them about user engagement". The company announced on September 20, 2021, that it would pay $809.5 million to settle this class-action lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_engagement">User engagement</h3></div> User engagement is usually measured by the number of likes, replies and reposts. A 2023 study showed that retweets are more likely to contain positive content and address larger audiences using the first-person <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronoun</a> "we". Replies, on the other hand, are more likely to contain negative content and address individuals using the second-person <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronoun</a> "you" and the third-person <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronouns</a> "he" or "she". While influencers with many followers tend to post positive messages, often using the word "love" when addressing larger audiences, users with less followers tend to engage in <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">interpersonal</a> conversations to provoke user engagement.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branding">Branding</h2></div> Before its rebranding to X, Twitter was internationally identifiable by its signature bird logo, or the Twitter Bird. The original logo, which was simply the word Twitter, was in use from its launch in March 2006. It was accompanied by an image of a bird which was later discovered to be a piece of <a href="/wiki/Clip_art" title="Clip art">clip art</a> created by the British graphic designer <a href="/wiki/Simon_Oxley" title="Simon Oxley">Simon Oxley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_logo-211">[208]</a> A new logo had to be redesigned by founder Biz Stone with help from designer Philip Pascuzzo, which resulted in a more cartoon-like bird in 2009. This version had been named "Larry the Bird" after <a href="/wiki/Larry_Bird" title="Larry Bird">Larry Bird</a> of the NBA's <a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a> fame.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_logo-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> Within a year, the Larry the Bird logo underwent a redesign by Stone and Pascuzzo to eliminate the cartoon features, leaving a solid silhouette of Larry the Bird that was used from 2010 through 2012.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_logo-211">[208]</a> In 2012, Douglas Bowman created a further simplified version of Larry the Bird, keeping the solid silhouette but making it more similar to a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bluebird" title="Mountain bluebird">mountain bluebird</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> This logo was simply called the "Twitter Bird" and was used until July 2023.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_logo-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-independent2-215">[212]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X_profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The official X profile." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/X_profile.png/223px-X_profile.png" decoding="async" width="223" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/X_profile.png/335px-X_profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/X_profile.png/446px-X_profile.png 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>The official X profile, on the site, as of August 2023</figcaption></figure> On July 22, 2023, Elon Musk announced that the service would be rebranded to "X",<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> in his pursuit of creating an "<a href="/wiki/Super-app" title="Super-app">everything app</a>".<a href="#cite_note-independent2-215">[212]</a> Musk's Twitter profile picture, along with the platform's official accounts, and the icons when browsing/signing up for the platform, were updated to reflect the new logo.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> The logo (𝕏) is a Unicode <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols" title="Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols">mathematical alphanumeric symbol</a> for the letter "X" styled in <a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold" title="Blackboard bold">double-strike bold</a>. Mike Proulx of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> was critical of this change, saying the brand value has been "wiped out". Mike Carr says the new logo gives a "'<a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Big Brother</a>' tech overlord vibe" in contrast to the "cuddly" nature of the previous bird logo.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> Users <a href="/wiki/Review_bomb" title="Review bomb">review bombed</a> the newly rebranded "X" app on the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS/iPadOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS/iPadOS)">iOS App Store</a> on the day it was revealed, and Rolling Stone's Miles Klee said that the rebrand "reeks of desperation".<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo_evolution">Logo evolution</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2006–2010"><img alt="2006–2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Twitter_logo.svg/120px-Twitter_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Twitter_logo.svg/180px-Twitter_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Twitter_logo.svg/240px-Twitter_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="94" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2006–2010</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2010–2012"><img alt="2010–2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg/120px-Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg/180px-Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg/240px-Twitter_2010_logo_-_from_Commons.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="136" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010–2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Twitter.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2012–2023"><img alt="2012–2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/120px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/180px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/240px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="421" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2012–2023</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:X_logo_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2023–present"><img alt="2023–present" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/120px-X_logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/180px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/240px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2023–present</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances">Finances</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenue_sources">Revenue sources</h3></div> On April 13, 2010, Twitter announced plans to offer paid advertising for companies that would be able to purchase "promoted tweets" to appear in selective search results on the Twitter website, similar to <a href="/wiki/Adwords" class="mw-redirect" title="Adwords">Google Adwords'</a> advertising model.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> Users' photos can generate royalty-free revenue for Twitter, and an agreement with <a href="/wiki/World_Entertainment_News_Network" title="World Entertainment News Network">World Entertainment News Network</a> (WENN) was announced in May 2011.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> Twitter generated an estimated US$139.5 million in advertising sales during 2011.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> In June 2011, Twitter announced that it would offer small businesses a self-service advertising system.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> The self-service advertising platform was launched in March 2012 to <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a> card members and merchants in the U.S. on an invite-only basis.<a href="#cite_note-Zach-226">[223]</a> To continue their advertising campaign, Twitter announced on March 20, 2012, that promoted tweets would be introduced to mobile devices.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> In April 2013, Twitter announced that its Twitter Ads self-service platform, consisting of promoted tweets and promoted accounts, was available to all U.S. users without an invite.<a href="#cite_note-Zach-226">[223]</a> On August 3, 2016, Twitter launched Instant Unlock Card, a new feature that encourages people to tweet about a brand to earn rewards and use the social media network's conversational ads. The format itself consists of images or videos with call-to-action buttons and a customizable hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertising_bans">Advertising bans</h3></div> In October 2017, Twitter banned the Russian media outlets <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Sputnik</a> from advertising on their website following the conclusions of the U.S. national intelligence report the previous January that both Sputnik and RT had been used as vehicles for <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russia's interference in the 2016 US presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Zakharova" title="Maria Zakharova">Maria Zakharova</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Russian foreign ministry</a> said the ban was a "gross violation" by the US of free speech.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> In October 2019, Twitter announced it would stop running political ads on its ad platform effective November 22. This resulted from several spurious claims made by political ads. Company CEO Dorsey clarified that internet advertising had great power and was extremely effective for commercial advertisers, the power brings significant risks to politics where crucial decisions impact millions of lives.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> The company reversed the ban in August 2023,<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> publishing criteria governing political advertising which do not allow the promotion of false or misleading content, and requiring advertisers to comply with laws, with compliance being the sole responsibility of the advertiser.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> In April 2022, Twitter announced a ban on "misleading" advertisements that go against "the scientific consensus on climate change". While the company did not give full guidelines, it stated that the decisions would be made with the help of "authoritative sources", including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fines">Fines</h3></div> Twitter had been fined several times for non-compliance with laws and regulations. On May 25, 2022, Twitter was fined $150 million by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> and the United States Department of Justice for collecting users' contact details and using them for targeted advertising.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implementation">Implementation</h3></div> Twitter relies on <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zdnet_vaughannichols_2012-237">[234]</a> The Twitter Web interface uses the <a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a> framework,<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> deployed on a performance enhanced <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Enterprise_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby Enterprise Edition">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a> implementation of <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] In the early days of Twitter, tweets were stored in <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> databases that were temporally <a href="/wiki/Shard_(database_architecture)" title="Shard (database architecture)">sharded</a> (large databases were split based on time of posting). After the huge volume of tweets coming in caused problems reading from and writing to these databases, the company decided that the system needed re-engineering.<a href="#cite_note-Krikorian-2013-240">[237]</a> From Spring 2007 to 2008, the messages were handled by a Ruby <a href="/wiki/Persistent_data_structure" title="Persistent data structure">persistent</a> queue server called Starling.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> Since 2009, implementation has been gradually replaced with software written in <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a> The switch from Ruby to Scala and the <a href="/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Virtual Machine">JVM</a> has given Twitter a performance boost from 200 to 300 requests per second per host to around 10,000–20,000 requests per second per host. This boost was greater than the 10x improvement that Twitter's engineers envisioned when starting the switch. The continued development of Twitter has also involved a switch from monolithic development of a single app to an architecture where different services are built independently and joined through <a href="/wiki/Remote_procedure_call" title="Remote procedure call">remote procedure calls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Krikorian-2013-240">[237]</a> As of April 6, 2011, Twitter engineers confirmed that they had switched away from their Ruby on Rails search stack to a <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> server they call Blender.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_coding-243">[240]</a> Individual tweets are registered under unique IDs called <a href="/wiki/Snowflake_ID" title="Snowflake ID">snowflakes</a>, and geolocation data is added using 'Rockdove'. The URL shortener <a href="/wiki/T.co" class="mw-redirect" title="T.co">t.co</a> then checks for a <a href="/wiki/Messaging_spam" title="Messaging spam">spam</a> link and shortens the URL. Next, the tweets are stored in a MySQL database using <a href="/wiki/Gizzard_(Scala_framework)" title="Gizzard (Scala framework)">Gizzard</a>, and the user receives an acknowledgement that the tweets were sent. Tweets are then sent to search engines via the Firehose API. The process is managed by <a href="/wiki/FlockDB" title="FlockDB">FlockDB</a> and takes an average of 350 ms.<a href="#cite_note-zdnet_vaughannichols_2012-237">[234]</a> On August 16, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Raffi_Krikorian" title="Raffi Krikorian">Raffi Krikorian</a>, Twitter's vice president of platform engineering, shared in a blog post that the company's infrastructure handled almost 143,000 tweets per second during that week, setting a new record. Krikorian explained that Twitter achieved this record by blending its homegrown and open source technologies.<a href="#cite_note-Krikorian-2013-240">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="API_and_developer_platform">API and developer platform</h3></div> Twitter was recognized for having one of the most open and powerful developer <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a> of any major technology company.<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a> The service's API allows other <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">web services</a> and applications to integrate with Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> Developer interest in Twitter began immediately following its launch, prompting the company to release the first version of its public API in September 2006.<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a> The API quickly became iconic as a reference implementation for public <a href="/wiki/REST_API" class="mw-redirect" title="REST API">REST APIs</a> and is widely cited in programming tutorials.<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a> From 2006 until 2010, Twitter's developer platform experienced strong growth and a highly favorable reputation. Developers built upon the public API to create the first Twitter mobile phone clients as well as the first URL shortener. Between 2010 and 2012, however, Twitter made a number of decisions that were received unfavorably by the developer community.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> In 2010, Twitter mandated that all developers adopt <a href="/wiki/OAuth" title="OAuth">OAuth</a> authentication with just 9 weeks of notice.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> Later that year, Twitter launched its own URL shortener, in direct competition with some of its most well-known third-party developers.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> And in 2012, Twitter introduced stricter usage limits for its API, "completely crippling" some developers.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> While these moves successfully increased the stability and security of the service, they were broadly perceived as hostile to developers, causing them to lose trust in the platform.<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a> In July 2020, Twitter released version 2.0 of the public API<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> and began showcasing Twitter apps made by third-party developers on its Twitter Toolbox section in April 2022.<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> In January 2023, Twitter ended third-party access to its APIs, forcing all third-party Twitter clients to shut down.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> This was controversial among the developer community, as many third-party apps predated the company's official apps, and the change was not announced beforehand. Twitterrific's Sean Heber confirmed in a blog post that the 16-year-old app has been discontinued. "We are sorry to say that the app's sudden and undignified demise is due to an unannounced and undocumented policy change by an increasingly capricious Twitter – a Twitter that we no longer recognize as trustworthy nor want to work with any longer."<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> In February of 2023, Twitter announced it would be ending free access to Twitter API, and began offering paid tier plans with a more limited access.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Innovator's_patent_agreement">Innovator's patent agreement</h3></div> On April 17, 2012, Twitter announced it would implement an "Innovators Patent Agreement" which would obligate Twitter to only use its patents for defensive purposes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify</a>]<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_source">Open source</h3></div> Twitter has a history of both using and releasing <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> while overcoming technical challenges of their service.<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a> A page in their developer documentation thanks dozens of open-source projects which they have used, from <a href="/wiki/Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">revision control</a> software like <a href="/wiki/Git_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Git (software)">Git</a> to programming languages such as Ruby and Scala.<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> Software released as open source by the company includes the <a href="/wiki/Gizzard_(Scala_framework)" title="Gizzard (Scala framework)">Gizzard Scala framework</a> for creating distributed datastores, the distributed graph database <a href="/wiki/FlockDB" title="FlockDB">FlockDB</a>, the Finagle library for building asynchronous <a href="/wiki/Remote_procedure_call" title="Remote procedure call">RPC</a> servers and clients, the TwUI <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> framework for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, and the Bower client-side package manager.<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> The popular <a href="/wiki/Bootstrap_(front-end_framework)" title="Bootstrap (front-end framework)">Bootstrap frontend framework</a> was also started at Twitter and is 10th most popular repository on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> On March 31, 2023, Twitter released the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> for Twitter's recommendation <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithm</a>,<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> which determines what tweets show up on the user's personal timeline, to <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>. According to Twitter's blog post: "We believe that we have a responsibility, as the town square of the internet, to make our platform transparent. So today we are taking the first step in a new era of transparency and opening much of our source code to the global community."<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>, the CEO at the time, had been promising the move for a while – on March 24, 2022, before he owned the site, he polled his followers about whether Twitter's algorithm should be open source, and around 83% of the responses said "yes". In February, he promised it would happen within a week before pushing back the deadline to March 31 earlier this month.<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> Also in March 2023, Twitter suffered a security attack which resulted in proprietary code being released. Twitter then had the source code removed.<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interface">Interface</h3></div> Twitter introduced the first major redesign of its user interface in September 2010, adopting a dual-pane layout with a navigation bar along the top of the screen, and an increased focus on the inline embedding of multimedia content. Critics considered the redesign an attempt to emulate features and experiences found in mobile apps and third-party Twitter clients.<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> The new layout was revised in 2011 with a focus on continuity with the web and mobile versions, introducing "Connect" (interactions with other users such as replies) and "Discover" (further information regarding trending topics and news headlines) tabs, an updated profile design, and moving all content to the right pane (leaving the left pane dedicated to functions and the trending topics list).<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> In March 2012, Twitter became available in Arabic, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Farsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, the first right-to-left language versions of the site.<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> In 2023 the Twitter Web site listed 34 languages supported by Twitter.com.<a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> In September 2012, a new layout for profiles was introduced, with larger "covers" that could be customized with a custom header image, and a display of the user's recent photos posted.<a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a> The "Discover" tab was discontinued in April 2015,<a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a> and was succeeded on the mobile app by an "Explore" tab—which features trending topics and moments.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> In September 2018, Twitter began to migrate selected web users to its <a href="/wiki/Progressive_web_applications" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive web applications">progressive web app</a> (based on its Twitter Lite experience for mobile web), reducing the interface to two columns. Migrations to this iteration of Twitter increased in April 2019, with some users receiving it with a modified layout.<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a> In July 2019, Twitter officially released this redesign, with no further option to opt-out while logged in. It is designed to further-unify Twitter's user experience between the web and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application">mobile application</a> versions, adopting a three-column layout with a sidebar containing links to common areas (including "Explore" that has been merged with the search page) which previously appeared in a horizontal top bar, profile elements such as picture and header images and biography texts merged into the same column as the timeline, and features from the mobile version (such as multi-account support, and an opt-out for the "top tweets" mode on the timeline).<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3></div> In response to early Twitter security breaches, the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) brought charges against the service; the charges were settled on June 24, 2010. This was the first time the FTC had taken action against a social network for security lapses. The settlement requires Twitter to take a number of steps to secure users' private information, including maintenance of a "comprehensive information security program" to be independently audited biannually.<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a> After a number of high-profile hacks of official accounts, including those of the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a> in April 2013, Twitter announced a two-factor login verification as an added measure against hacking.<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a> On July 15, 2020, a <a href="/wiki/2020_Twitter_bitcoin_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Twitter bitcoin scam">major hack of Twitter</a> affected 130 high-profile accounts, both verified and unverified ones such as <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>; the hack allowed <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">bitcoin</a> scammers to send tweets via the compromised accounts that asked the followers to send bitcoin to a given public address, with the promise to double their money.<a href="#cite_note-Statt-286">[283]</a> Within a few hours, Twitter disabled tweeting and reset passwords from all verified accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Statt-286">[283]</a> Analysis of the event revealed that the scammers had used <a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">social engineering</a> to obtain credentials from Twitter employees to access an administration tool used by Twitter to view and change these accounts' personal details as to gain access as part of a "<a href="/wiki/Smash_and_grab" title="Smash and grab">smash and grab</a>" attempt to make money quickly, with an estimated US$120,000 in bitcoin deposited in various accounts before Twitter intervened.<a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a> Several law enforcement entities including the FBI launched investigations into the attack.<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a> On August 5, 2022, Twitter disclosed that a bug introduced in a June 2021 update to the service allowed threat actors to link email addresses and phone numbers to twitter user's accounts.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a> The bug was reported through Twitter's <a href="/wiki/Bug_bounty_program" title="Bug bounty program">bug bounty program</a> in January 2022 and subsequently fixed. While Twitter originally believed no one had taken advantage of the vulnerability, it was later revealed that a user on the online hacking forum <a href="/wiki/BreachForums" title="BreachForums">Breach Forums</a> had used the vulnerability to compile a list of over 5.4 million user profiles, which they offered to sell for $30,000.<a href="#cite_note-291">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a> The information compiled by the hacker includes user's screen names, location and email addresses which could be used in <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> attacks or used to deanonymize accounts running under pseudonyms. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outages">Outages</h3></div> During an outage, Twitter users were at one time shown the "fail whale" <a href="/wiki/Error_message" title="Error message">error message</a> image created by <a href="/wiki/Yiying_Lu" title="Yiying Lu">Yiying Lu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-293">[290]</a> illustrating eight orange birds using a net to hoist a whale from the ocean captioned "Too many tweets! Please wait a moment and try again."<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a> Web designer and Twitter user <a href="/wiki/Jen_Simmons" title="Jen Simmons">Jen Simmons</a> was the first to coin the term "fail whale" in a September 2007 tweet.<a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> In a November 2013 Wired interview Chris Fry, VP of Engineering at that time, noted that the company had taken the "fail whale" out of use as the platform was now more stable.<a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a> Twitter had approximately 98% <a href="/wiki/Uptime" title="Uptime">uptime</a> in 2007 (or about six full days of downtime).<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> The downtime was particularly noticeable during events popular with the technology industry such as the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Conference_%26_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Conference & Expo">Macworld Conference & Expo</a> keynote address.<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-downtime4-300">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_accounts">User accounts</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verified_accounts">Verified accounts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitter_verification" title="Twitter verification">Twitter verification</a></div> In June 2009, after being criticized by <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> and sued by <a href="/wiki/Tony_La_Russa" title="Tony La Russa">Tony La Russa</a> over unauthorized accounts run by <a href="/wiki/Impersonator" title="Impersonator">impersonators</a>, the company launched their "Verified Accounts" program.<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-verifiedhistory-302">[299]</a> Twitter stated that an account with a "blue tick" verification badge indicates "we've been in contact with the person or entity the account is representing and verified that it is approved".<a href="#cite_note-verifiedlaunch-303">[300]</a> In July 2016, Twitter announced a public application process to grant verified status to an account "if it is determined to be of public interest" and that verification "does not imply an endorsement".<a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a> Verified status allows access to some features unavailable to other users, such as only seeing mentions from other verified accounts.<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a> In November 2020, Twitter announced a relaunch of its verification system in 2021. According to the new policy, Twitter verifies six different types of accounts; for three of them (companies, brands, and influential individuals like activists), the existence of a Wikipedia page will be one criterion for showing that the account has "Off Twitter Notability".<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a> Twitter states that it will re-open public verification applications at some point in "early 2021".<a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a> In October 2022, after the takeover of Twitter by Elon Musk, it was reported that verification would instead be included in the paid Twitter Blue service, and that existing verified accounts would lose their status if they do not subscribe.<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> On November 1, Musk confirmed that verification would be included in Blue in the future, dismissing the existing verification system as a "lords & peasants system".<a href="#cite_note-Roth-2022-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peters-2022-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roth-2022a-161">[158]</a> Following concerns over the possibility of impersonation, Twitter subsequently reimplemented a second "Official" marker, consisting of a grey tick and "Official" text displayed under the username, for high-profile accounts of "government and commercial entities".<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> In December 2022, the "Official" text was replaced by a gold checkmark for organizations, as well as a grey check mark for government and multilateral accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Schroeder-2023-313">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wiggers-2022-314">[311]</a> In March 2023, the gold check mark was made available for organizations to purchase through the Verified Organizations program (formerly called Twitter Blue for Business).<a href="#cite_note-Schroeder-2023-313">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wiggers-2022-314">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3></div> Tweets are public, but users can also send private "direct messages".<a href="#cite_note-Rushe-315">[312]</a> Information about who has chosen to follow an account and who a user has chosen to follow is also public, though accounts can be changed to "protected" which limits this information (and all tweets) to approved followers.<a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a> Twitter collects <a href="/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Personally identifiable information">personally identifiable information</a> about its users and shares it with third parties as specified in its <a href="/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="Privacy policy">privacy policy</a>. The service also reserves the right to sell this information as an asset if the company changes hands.<a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a> Advertisers can <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_targeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral targeting">target users</a> based on their history of tweets and may quote tweets in ads<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a> directed specifically to the user. Twitter launched the <a href="/wiki/Beta_version#Beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta version">beta version</a> of their "Verified Accounts" service on June 11, 2009, allowing people with public profiles to announce their account name. The profile pages of these accounts display a badge indicating their status.<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a> On December 14, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Twitter_subpoena" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter subpoena">subpoena directing Twitter</a> to provide information for accounts registered to or associated with <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a> Twitter decided to notify its users and said, "... it's our policy to notify users about law enforcement and governmental requests for their information, unless we are prevented by law from doing so."<a href="#cite_note-Rushe-315">[312]</a> In May 2011, a <a href="/wiki/Claimant" class="mw-redirect" title="Claimant">claimant</a> known as "CTB" in the case of <a href="/wiki/CTB_v_News_Group_Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="CTB v News Group Newspapers">CTB v Twitter Inc.</a> took action against Twitter at the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice of England and Wales</a>,<a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a> requesting that the company release details of account holders. This followed gossip posted on Twitter about professional footballer <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Giggs" title="Ryan Giggs">Ryan Giggs</a>'s private life. This led to the <a href="/wiki/2011_British_privacy_injunctions_controversy" title="2011 British privacy injunctions controversy">2011 British privacy injunctions controversy</a> and the "super-injunction".<a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a> Tony Wang, the head of Twitter in Europe, said that people who do "bad things" on the site would need to defend themselves under the laws of their own jurisdiction in the event of controversy and that the site would hand over information about users to the authorities when it was legally required to do so.<a href="#cite_note-wang-324">[321]</a> He also suggested that Twitter would accede to a UK court order to divulge names of users responsible for "illegal activity" on the site.<a href="#cite_note-independent-325">[322]</a> Twitter acquired <a href="/wiki/Dasient" title="Dasient">Dasient</a>, a startup that offers malware protection for businesses, in January 2012. Twitter announced plans to use Dasient to help remove hateful advertisers on the website.<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> Twitter also offered a feature which would allow tweets to be removed selectively by country, before deleted tweets used to be removed in all countries.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_censor-327">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a> The first use of the policy was to block the account of German <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> group <a href="/wiki/Besseres_Hannover" title="Besseres Hannover">Besseres Hannover</a> on October 18, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a> The policy was used again the following day to remove <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitic">anti-Semitic</a> French tweets with the hashtag #unbonjuif ("a good Jew").<a href="#cite_note-330">[327]</a> Followed the sharing of images showing the killing of American journalist <a href="/wiki/James_Foley_(journalist)" title="James Foley (journalist)">James Foley</a> in 2014, Twitter said that in certain cases it would delete pictures of people who had died after requests from family members and "authorized individuals".<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a> In 2015, following updated terms of service and privacy policy, Twitter users outside the United States were legally served by the Ireland-based Twitter International Company instead of Twitter, Inc. The change made these users subject to Irish and <a href="/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive" title="Data Protection Directive">European Union data protection laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-irishtimes-twitterint-333">[330]</a> On April 8, 2020, Twitter announced that users outside of the European Economic Area or United Kingdom (thus subject to GDPR) will no longer be allowed to opt out of sharing "mobile app advertising measurements" to Twitter third-party partners.<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a> On October 9, 2020, Twitter took additional steps to counter misleading campaigns ahead of the 2020 US Election. Twitter's new temporary update encouraged users to "add their own commentary" before retweeting a tweet, by making 'quoting tweet' a mandatory feature instead of optional. The social network giant aimed at generating context and encouraging the circulation of more thoughtful content.<a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a> After limited results, the company ended this experiment in December 2020.<a href="#cite_note-336">[333]</a> On May 25, 2022, Twitter was fined $150 million for collecting users' phone numbers and email addresses used for <a href="/wiki/Two-factor_authentication" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-factor authentication">security</a> and using them for <a href="/wiki/Targeted_advertising" title="Targeted advertising">targeted advertising</a>, required to notify its users, and banned from profiting from "deceptively collected data".<a href="#cite_note-337">[334]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_justice" title="Ministry of justice">Department of Justice</a> stated that Twitter violated a 2011 agreement not to use personal security data for targeted advertising. In September 2024, the FTC released a report summarizing 9 company responses (including from Twitter) to orders made by the agency pursuant to Section 6(b) of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> to provide information about user and non-user data collection (including of children and teenagers) and data use by the companies that found that the companies' user and non-user data practices put individuals vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalking</a>, unlawful discrimination, emotional distress and <a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">mental health issues</a>, social stigma, and reputational harm.<a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harassment">Harassment</h3></div> In August 2013, Twitter announced plans to introduce a "report abuse" button for all versions of the site following uproar, including a petition with 100,000 signatures, over Tweets that included rape and death threats to historian <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a>, feminist campaigner <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado-Perez" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline Criado-Perez">Caroline Criado-Perez</a> and the member of parliament <a href="/wiki/Stella_Creasy" title="Stella Creasy">Stella Creasy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[340]</a> Twitter announced new reporting and blocking policies in December 2014,<a href="#cite_note-344">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a> including a blocking mechanism devised by <a href="/wiki/Randi_Harper" class="mw-redirect" title="Randi Harper">Randi Harper</a>, a target of <a href="/wiki/GamerGate" class="mw-redirect" title="GamerGate">GamerGate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-348">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[347]</a> In February 2015, CEO <a href="/wiki/Dick_Costolo" title="Dick Costolo">Dick Costolo</a> said he was 'frankly ashamed' at how poorly Twitter handled <a href="/wiki/Internet_troll" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet troll">trolling</a> and abuse, and admitted Twitter had lost users as a result.<a href="#cite_note-351">[348]</a> As per a research study conducted by IT for Change on abuse and misogynistic trolling on Twitter directed at Indian women in public-political life, women perceived to be ideologically left-leaning, dissenters, Muslim women, political dissenters, and political commentators and women from opposition parties received a disproportionate amount of abusive and hateful messages on Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-352">[349]</a> In 2016, Twitter announced the creation of the Twitter Trust & Safety Council to help "ensure that people feel safe expressing themselves on Twitter". The council's inaugural members included 50 organizations and individuals.<a href="#cite_note-353">[350]</a> The announcement of Twitter's "Trust & Safety Council" was met with objection from parts of its userbase.<a href="#cite_note-354">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[352]</a> Critics accused the member organizations of being heavily skewed towards "the restriction of hate speech" and a <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a> article expressed concern that "there's not a single uncompromising anti-censorship figure or group on the list".<a href="#cite_note-356">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[354]</a> Twitter banned 7,000 accounts and limited 150,000 more that had ties to <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> on July 21, 2020. The bans and limits came after QAnon-related accounts began harassing other users through practices of swarming or brigading, coordinated attacks on these individuals through multiple accounts in the weeks prior. Those accounts limited by Twitter will not appear in searches nor be promoted in other Twitter functions. Twitter said they will continue to ban or limit accounts as necessary, with their support account stating "We will permanently suspend accounts Tweeting about these topics that we know are engaged in violations of our multi-account policy, coordinating abuse around individual victims, or are attempting to evade a previous suspension".<a href="#cite_note-358">[355]</a> In September 2021, Twitter began beta testing a feature called Safety Mode.<a href="#cite_note-Peters-2021-359">[356]</a> The functionality aims to limit unwelcome interactions through automated detection of negative engagements. If a user has Safety Mode enabled, authors of tweets that are identified by Twitter's technology as being harmful or exercising uninvited behavior will be temporarily unable to follow the account, send direct messages, or see tweets from the user with the enabled functionality during the temporary block period.<a href="#cite_note-360">[357]</a> Jarrod Doherty, senior product manager at Twitter, stated that the technology in place within Safety Mode assesses existing relationships to prevent blocking accounts that the user frequently interacts with.<a href="#cite_note-Peters-2021-359">[356]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suspect_and_contested_accounts">Suspect and contested accounts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter_suspensions" title="Twitter suspensions">Twitter suspensions</a></div> In January 2016, Twitter was sued by the widow of a U.S. man killed in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Amman_shooting_attack" title="2015 Amman shooting attack">2015 Amman shooting attack</a>, claiming that allowing the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL) to continually use the platform, including direct messages in particular,<a href="#cite_note-verge-revisedisillawsuit-361">[358]</a> constituted the <a href="/wiki/Providing_material_support_for_terrorism" title="Providing material support for terrorism">provision of material support to a terrorist organization</a>, which is illegal under U.S. federal law. Twitter disputed the claim, stating that "violent threats and the promotion of terrorism deserve no place on Twitter and, like other social networks, our rules make that clear".<a href="#cite_note-wsj-isistwitter-362">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj-twitterliable-363">[360]</a> The lawsuit was dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a>, upholding the <a href="/wiki/Section_230" title="Section 230">Section 230</a> safe harbor, which dictates that the operators of an interactive computer service are not liable for the content published by its users.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-twitterliable-363">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-section230isis-364">[361]</a> The lawsuit was revised in August 2016, providing comparisons to other telecommunications devices.<a href="#cite_note-verge-revisedisillawsuit-361">[358]</a> The second amended complaint was dismissed by the district court, a decision affirmed on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on January 31, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-fields-v-twitter-appeal-365">[362]</a> Twitter suspended multiple parody accounts that satirized Russian politics in May 2016, sparking protests and raising questions about where the company stands on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-366">[363]</a> Following public outcry, Twitter restored the accounts the next day without explaining why the accounts had been suspended.<a href="#cite_note-367">[364]</a> The same day, Twitter, along with Facebook, Google, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, jointly agreed to a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> code of conduct obligating them to review "[the] majority of valid notifications for removal of illegal <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>" posted on their services within 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-euhatespeech-368">[365]</a> In August 2016, Twitter stated that it had banned 235,000 accounts over the past six months, bringing the overall number of suspended accounts to 360,000 accounts in the past year, for violating policies banning use of the platform to promote extremism.<a href="#cite_note-369">[366]</a> On May 10, 2019, Twitter announced that they suspended 166,513 accounts for promoting terrorism in the July–December 2018 period, stating there was a steady decrease in terrorist groups trying to use the platform owing to its "zero-tolerance policy enforcement". According to <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Gadde" title="Vijaya Gadde">Vijaya Gadde</a>, Legal, Policy and Trust and Safety Lead at Twitter, there was a reduction of 19% terror related tweets from the previous reporting period (January–June 2018).<a href="#cite_note-370">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[371]</a> As of July 30, 2020, Twitter will block URLs in tweets that point to external websites that contain malicious content (such as malware and phishing content) as well as hate speech, speech encouraging violence, terrorism, child sexual exploitation, breaches of privacy, and other similar content that is already banned as part of the content of tweets on the site. Users that frequently point to such sites may have their accounts suspended. Twitter said this was to bring their policy in line to prevent users from bypassing their tweet content restrictions by simply linking to the banned content.<a href="#cite_note-375">[372]</a> Following the onset of protests by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s supporters across the US in January 2021, Twitter suspended more than 70,000 accounts, stating that they shared "harmful <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a>-associated content" at a large scale, and were "dedicated to the propagation of this conspiracy theory across the service".<a href="#cite_note-376">[373]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malicious_and_fake_accounts">Malicious and fake accounts</h3></div> Between January and late July 2017, Twitter had identified and shut down over 7,000 fake accounts created by Iranian influence operations.<a href="#cite_note-377">[374]</a> In May 2018, in response to scrutiny over the misuse of Twitter by those seeking to maliciously influence elections, Twitter announced that it would partner with the nonprofit organization <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a> to add special labels verifying the authenticity of political candidates running for election in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-378">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[376]</a> In December 2019, Twitter removed 5,929 accounts for violating their <a href="/wiki/Internet_manipulation" title="Internet manipulation">manipulation</a> policies. The company investigated and attributed these accounts to a single state-run information operation, which originated in Saudi Arabia. The accounts were reported to be a part of a larger group of 88,000 accounts engaged in <a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">spammy behavior</a>. However, Twitter did not disclose all of them as some could possibly be legitimate accounts taken over through <a href="/wiki/Security_hacker" title="Security hacker">hacking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[377]</a> In March 2021, Twitter suspended around 3,500 fake accounts that were running a campaign to influence the American audience, after the US intelligence officials concluded that the assassination of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> was "approved" by the Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a>. These Saudi accounts were working in two languages, English and Arabic, to influence public opinion around the issue. Many accounts commented directly on the tweets of US-based media houses, including The Post, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a>. Twitter was unable to identify the source of the influence campaign.<a href="#cite_note-381">[378]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a>, the top four countries spreading state-linked Twitter misinformation are Russia, China, Iran and Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-aspi2022-382">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bot_accounts">Bot accounts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitter_bot" title="Twitter bot">Twitter bot</a></div> A bot is a computer program that can automatically tweet, retweet, and follow other accounts. Twitter's open <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> and the availability of cloud servers make it possible for bots to exist within the social networking site.<a href="#cite_note-383">[380]</a> Benign bots may generate creative content and relevant product updates, whereas malicious bots can make unpopular people seem popular, push irrelevant products on users, and spread misinformation, spam or slander.<a href="#cite_note-384">[381]</a> Bots amass significant influence and have been noted to sway elections, influence the stock market, appeal to the public, and attack governments.<a href="#cite_note-385">[382]</a> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a>, Twitter said there were 20 million fake accounts on Twitter, representing less than 5% of active users.<a href="#cite_note-386">[383]</a> A 2020 estimate put the figure at 15% of all accounts or around 48 million accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez-14">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_2">Usage</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitter_usage" title="Twitter usage">Twitter usage</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Summarize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section should include only a brief summary of <a href="/wiki/Twitter_usage" title="Twitter usage">Twitter usage</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Wikipedia:Summary style</a> for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text. (November 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Man in his twenties smiling at left, man in his forties using computer at center, large crystal chandelier, several people in audience" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png/220px-Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png/330px-Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png/440px-Twitter_Town_Hall-Dorsey_Obama.png 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Dorsey (left) said after a <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_social_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama on social media">Twitter Town Hall with Barack Obama</a> held in July 2011, that Twitter received over 110,000 #Ask<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> tweets.<a href="#cite_note-387">[384]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protesters">Protesters</h4></div> Twitter had been used for a variety of purposes in many industries and scenarios. For example, it has been used to organize protests, including the <a href="/wiki/April_2009_Moldovan_parliamentary_election_protests" title="April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests">protests over the 2009 Moldovan election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2009_student_protests_in_Austria" title="2009 student protests in Austria">2009 student protests in Austria</a>, the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a>, the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Green_Movement" title="Iranian Green Movement">Iranian green revolution</a>, the 2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit_protests" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit protests">Toronto G20 protests</a>, the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a>, the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_21" title="Stuttgart 21">Stuttgart 21 protests in Germany</a>, the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egyptian Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_England_riots" title="2011 England riots">2011 England riots</a>, the 2011 United States <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a>, the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-austerity movement in Spain">anti-austerity movement in Spain</a>, the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Greece" title="Anti-austerity movement in Greece">Aganaktismenoi movements in Greece</a>, the 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Rome_demonstration" title="2011 Rome demonstration">demonstration in Rome</a>, the 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Wisconsin_protests" title="2011 Wisconsin protests">Wisconsin labor protests</a>, the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2013_protests_in_Brazil" title="2013 protests in Brazil">2013 protests in Brazil</a>, and the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests in Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buettner2016a-388">[385]</a> The service was also used as a form of <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>: In 2010, users expressed outrage over the <a href="/wiki/Twitter_joke_trial" title="Twitter joke trial">Twitter joke trial</a> by copying a controversial joke about bombing an airport and attaching the hashtag #IAmSpartacus, a reference to the film <a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a> (1960) and a sign of solidarity and support to a man controversially prosecuted after posting a tweet joking about bombing <a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Sheffield_Airport" title="Doncaster Sheffield Airport">an airport</a> if they canceled his flight. #IAmSpartacus became the number one trending topic on Twitter worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-389">[386]</a> Another case of civil disobedience happened in the <a href="/wiki/2011_British_privacy_injunctions_controversy" title="2011 British privacy injunctions controversy">2011 British privacy injunction debate</a>, where several celebrities who had taken out anonymized injunctions were identified by thousands of users in protest to traditional journalism being censored.<a href="#cite_note-390">[387]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Governments">Governments</h4></div> According to documents leaked by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> and published in July 2014, the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/GCHQ" title="GCHQ">GCHQ</a> has a tool named BIRDSONG for "automated posting of Twitter updates" and a tool named BIRDSTRIKE for "Twitter monitoring and profile collection".<a href="#cite_note-391">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[389]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests#Other_reactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests">Twitter suspended a core group</a> of 1,000 "fake" accounts and an associated network of 200,000 accounts for operating a <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> campaign that was linked to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese government">Chinese government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-393">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[394]</a> On June 12, 2020, Twitter suspended over 7,000 accounts from Turkey because those accounts were fake profiles, designed to support the Turkish president, <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, and were managed by a central authority. Turkey's communication director said that the decision was illogical, biased, and politically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-398">[395]</a> Turkey blocked access to Twitter twice, once after voice recordings appeared on Twitter in which Erdoğan ordered his son to stash away millions of dollars and another time for 12 hours in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake">earthquake of February 2023</a>, when Erdoğan blamed the people for a disinformation campaign as they criticized the Government for their lack of help.<a href="#cite_note-399">[396]</a> In May 2021, Twitter labeled one of the tweets by <a href="/wiki/Sambit_Patra" title="Sambit Patra">Sambit Patra</a>, a spokesman of the local ruling party <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> in India, as "manipulated media", leading to Twitter's offices in Delhi and <a href="/wiki/Gurgaon" title="Gurgaon">Gurgaon</a> being raided by the local police.<a href="#cite_note-DelhiRaid-400">[397]</a> Later, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Indian government</a> released a statement in July 2021 claiming Twitter has lost its liability protection concerning user-generated content. This was brought on by Twitter's failure to comply with the <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Rules,_2021" title="Information Technology Rules, 2021">new IT rules</a> introduced in 2021, with a filing stating that the company failed to appoint executives to govern user content on the platform.<a href="#cite_note-401">[398]</a> According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, the United States ran a <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_United_States" title="Propaganda in the United States">propaganda</a> campaign to spread disinformation about the <a href="/wiki/Sinovac_Biotech" title="Sinovac Biotech">Sinovac</a> Chinese COVID-19 vaccine, including using fake social media accounts on Twitter to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a> under <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-402">[399]</a> The campaign primarily targeted people in the Philippines and used a social media hashtag for "China is the virus" in <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-402">[399]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pornographic_content">Pornographic content</h4></div> Twitter allows pornographic content as long as it is marked "sensitive" by uploaders, which puts it behind an interstice and hides it from minors.<a href="#cite_note-403">[400]</a> The "super-follow" feature is said to enable competition with the subscription site <a href="/wiki/OnlyFans" title="OnlyFans">OnlyFans</a>, used mainly by sex workers.<a href="#cite_note-404">[401]</a> Many performers use Twitter's service to market and grow their porn businesses, attracting users to paywalled services like OnlyFans by distributing photos and short video clips as advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-405">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[403]</a> In April 2022, Twitter convened a "Red Team" for the project of ACM, "Adult Content Monetization", as it is known internally. Eventually, the project was abandoned, because of the difficulty of implementing Real ID.<a href="#cite_note-Newton-2022-407">[404]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Child_sexual_exploitation">Child sexual exploitation</h4></div> A February 2021 report from the company's Health team begins, "While the amount of CSE (child sexual exploitation) online has grown exponentially, Twitter's investment in technologies to detect and manage the growth has not."<a href="#cite_note-Newton-2022-407">[404]</a> Until February 2022, the only way for users to flag illegal content was to flag it as "sensitive media", a broad category that left much of the worst material unprioritized for moderation. In a February report, employees wrote that Twitter, along with other Tech Companies have "accelerated the pace of CSE content creation and distribution to a breaking point where manual detection, review, and investigations no longer scale" by allowing pornography and failing to invest in systems that could effectively monitor it. The working group made several recommendations, but they were not taken up and the group was disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-Newton-2022-407">[404]</a> As part of its efforts to monetize porn, Twitter held an internal investigation that reported in April 2022, "Twitter cannot accurately detect child sexual exploitation and non-consensual nudity at scale."<a href="#cite_note-Newton-2022-407">[404]</a> John Doe et al. v. Twitter, a civil lawsuit filed in the 9th Circuit Court, alleges that Twitter benefited from sex trafficking and refused to remove the illegal tweets when first informed of them.<a href="#cite_note-408">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[406]</a> In an amicus brief filed in the case, the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Missing_%26_Exploited_Children" title="National Center for Missing & Exploited Children">NCMEC</a> said, "The children informed the company that they were minors, that they had been 'baited, harassed, and threatened' into making the videos, that they were victims of 'sex abuse' under investigation by law enforcement" but Twitter failed to remove the videos, "allowing them to be viewed by hundreds of thousands of the platform's users".<a href="#cite_note-Newton-2022-407">[404]</a> Some major brands, including <a href="/wiki/Dyson_(company)" title="Dyson (company)">Dyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a> suspended their marketing campaigns and pulled their ads from the platform after an investigation showed that Twitter failed to suspend 70% of the accounts that shared or solicited the prohibited content.<a href="#cite_note-410">[407]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Summarize_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may be <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Section_size_policies" title="Help:Section">too long</a> and excessively detailed. Please consider summarizing the material. (May 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergency_use">Emergency use</h4></div> A practical use for Twitter's real-time functionality is as an effective de facto emergency communication system for breaking news. It was neither intended nor designed for high-performance communication, but the idea that it could be used for emergency communication was not lost on the creators, who knew that the service could have wide-reaching effects early on when the company used it to communicate during earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-411">[408]</a> Another practical use that is being studied is Twitter's ability to track epidemics and how they spread.<a href="#cite_note-412">[409]</a> Additionally Twitter serves as a real-time sensor for natural disasters such as bushfires and earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-413">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[411]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4></div> Twitter has been adopted as a communication and learning tool in educational and research<a href="#cite_note-415">[412]</a> settings mostly in colleges and universities.<a href="#cite_note-416">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[414]</a> It has been used as a <a href="/wiki/Backchannel" title="Backchannel">backchannel</a> to promote student interactions, especially in large-lecture courses.<a href="#cite_note-418">[415]</a> Research has found that using Twitter in college courses helps students communicate with each other and faculty, promotes informal learning, allows shy students a forum for increased participation, increases student engagement, and improves overall course grades.<a href="#cite_note-419">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[418]</a> Twitter has been an increasingly growing in the field of education as an effective tool that can be used to encourage learning and idea, or knowledge sharing, in and outside the classroom.<a href="#cite_note-Carrie-2015-422">[419]</a> By using or creating hashtags, students and educators are able to communicate under specific categories of their choice to enhance and promote education. A broad example of a hashtag used in education is "edchat", to communicate with other teachers and people using that hashtag. Once teachers find someone they want to talk to, they can either direct message the person or narrow down the hashtag to make the topic of the conversation more specific, using hashtags for scichat (science), engchat (English), sschat (social studies).<a href="#cite_note-Carrie-2015-422">[419]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_figures">Public figures</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Zittrain" title="Jonathan Zittrain">Jonathan Zittrain</a>, professor of Internet law at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, said that "the qualities that make Twitter seem inane and half-baked are what makes it so powerful."<a href="#cite_note-423">[420]</a> In that same vein, and with Sigmund Freud in mind, political communications expert Matthew Auer observed that well-crafted tweets by public figures often deliberately mix trivial and serious information so as to appeal to all three parts of the reader's personality: the id, ego, and superego.<a href="#cite_note-424">[421]</a> The poets <a href="/wiki/Mira_Gonzalez" title="Mira Gonzalez">Mira Gonzalez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tao_Lin" title="Tao Lin">Tao Lin</a> published a book titled Selected Tweets featuring selections of their tweets over some eight years.<a href="#cite_note-425">[422]</a> The novelist <a href="/wiki/Rick_Moody" title="Rick Moody">Rick Moody</a> wrote a short story for Electric Literature called "Some Contemporary Characters", composed entirely of tweets.<a href="#cite_note-426">[423]</a> Many commentators have suggested that Twitter radically changed the format of reporting due to instant, short, and frequent communication.<a href="#cite_note-427">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[425]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> writers Benjamin M. Reilly and Robinson Meyer, Twitter has an outsized impact on the public discourse and media. "Something happens on Twitter; celebrities, politicians and journalists talk about it, and it's circulated to a wider audience by Twitter's algorithms; journalists write about the dustup." This can lead to an argument on a Twitter feed looking like a "debate roiling the country... regular people are left with a confused, agitated view of our current political discourse".<a href="#cite_note-429">[426]</a> In a 2018 article in the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a>, Matthew Ingram argued much the same about Twitter's "oversized role" and that it promotes immediacy over newsworthiness.<a href="#cite_note-Ingram-2021-430">[427]</a> In some cases, inauthentic and provocative tweets were taken up as common opinion in mainstream articles. Writers in several outlets unintentionally cited the opinions of Russian <a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a>-affiliated accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Ingram-2021-430">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luk-431">[428]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_leaders">World leaders</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Facebook_Twitter_post_19679418_10159419638630725_2833632475130915488.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption>Donald Trump's Twitter post</figcaption></figure> World leaders and their diplomats have taken note of Twitter's rapid expansion and have been increasingly using <a href="/wiki/Twitter_diplomacy" title="Twitter diplomacy">Twitter diplomacy</a>, the use of Twitter to engage with foreign publics and their own citizens. US Ambassador to Russia, <a href="/wiki/Michael_A._McFaul" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael A. McFaul">Michael A. McFaul</a> has been attributed as a pioneer of international Twitter diplomacy. He used Twitter after becoming ambassador in 2011, posting in English and Russian.<a href="#cite_note-432">[429]</a> On October 24, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> sent her first tweet to mark the opening of the <a href="/wiki/London_Science_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="London Science Museum">London Science Museum</a>'s Information Age exhibition.<a href="#cite_note-433">[430]</a> A 2013 study by website Twiplomacy found that 153 of the 193 countries represented at the United Nations had established government Twitter accounts.<a href="#cite_note-twiplomacy-434">[431]</a> The same study also found that those accounts amounted to 505 Twitter handles used by world leaders and their foreign ministers, with their tweets able to reach a combined audience of over 106 million followers.<a href="#cite_note-twiplomacy-434">[431]</a> According to an analysis of accounts, the heads of state of 125 countries and 139 other leading politicians have Twitter accounts that have between them sent more than 350,000 tweets and have almost 52 million followers. However, only 30 of these do their own tweeting, more than 80 do not subscribe to other politicians and many do not follow any accounts.<a href="#cite_note-435">[432]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>'s Twitter account was set up in 2012. As of May 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are four million followers of the Twitter account (@Pontifex).<a href="#cite_note-436">[433]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship_and_moderation">Censorship and moderation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Censorship of Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter_suspensions" title="Twitter suspensions">Twitter suspensions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">December 2022 Twitter suspensions</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_censorship_new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Twitter_censorship_new.svg/290px-Twitter_censorship_new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Twitter_censorship_new.svg/435px-Twitter_censorship_new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Twitter_censorship_new.svg/580px-Twitter_censorship_new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Countries and territories which have blocked Twitter:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Currently blocked</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Formerly blocked</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Partially blocked</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Not blocked</div></li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> Twitter is banned completely in Russia,<a href="#cite_note-437">[434]</a> Iran, China and North Korea<a href="#cite_note-438">[435]</a> and has been intermittently blocked in numerous countries, including Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, Turkey, Venezuela and Turkmenistan on different basis.<a href="#cite_note-439">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-440">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-4jun2021-442">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[442]</a> In 2016, Twitter cooperated with the Israeli government to remove certain content originating outside Israel from tweets seen in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-446">[443]</a> In the 11th biannual transparency report published on September 19, 2017, Twitter said that Turkey was the first among countries where about 90% of removal requests came from, followed by Russia, France and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-447">[444]</a> Twitter stated that between July 1 and December 31, 2018, "We received legal demands relating to 27,283 accounts from 47 different countries, including Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, and Slovenia for the first time."<a href="#cite_note-448">[445]</a> As part of evidence to a U.S. Senate Enquiry, the company admitted that their systems "detected and hid" several hundred thousand tweets relating to the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">2016 Democratic National Committee email leak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-449">[446]</a> During the curfew in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> after <a href="/wiki/Indian_revocation_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir%27s_special_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status">revocation of its autonomous status</a> on August 5, 2019, the Indian government approached Twitter to block accounts accused of spreading anti-India content;<a href="#cite_note-450">[447]</a> by October 25, nearly one million tweets had been removed as a result.<a href="#cite_note-451">[448]</a> In March 2022, shortly after <a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter#Russia_2" title="Censorship of Twitter">Russia's censorship of Twitter</a>, a Tor <a href="/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">onion</a> service link was created by the platform to allow people to access the website, even in countries with heavy Internet censorship.<a href="#cite_note-452">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[450]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Moderation_of_tweets">Moderation of tweets</h4></div> Twitter removed more than 88,000 propaganda accounts linked to Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-454">[451]</a> Twitter removed tweets from accounts associated with the Russian <a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a> that had tried to influence public opinion during and after the 2016 US election.<a href="#cite_note-Ingram-2021-430">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luk-431">[428]</a> In June 2020, Twitter also removed 175,000 propaganda accounts that were spreading biased political narratives for the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia Party</a>, or Turkey's President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdogan</a>, identified based on centralized behavior.<a href="#cite_note-455">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[453]</a> Twitter also removed accounts linked to the governments of Armenia, Egypt, Cuba, Serbia, Honduras, Indonesia and Iran.<a href="#cite_note-457">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-458">[455]</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[456]</a> Twitter suspended Pakistani accounts tied to government officials for posting tweets about the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a> between India and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-460">[457]</a> In February 2021, Twitter removed accounts in India that criticized Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>'s government for its conduct during <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Indian_farmers%27_protest" title="2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest">Indian farmers' protests in 2020–2021</a>.<a href="#cite_note-461">[458]</a> At the start of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, numerous tweets reported false medical information related to the pandemic. Twitter announced a new policy in which they would label tweets containing misinformation going forward.<a href="#cite_note-Roth-2020-62">[59]</a> In April 2020, Twitter removed accounts which defended President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>'s response to the spread of COVID-19 in the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-462">[459]</a> In November 2020, then Chief Technology Officer and future CEO of Twitter <a href="/wiki/Parag_Agrawal" title="Parag Agrawal">Parag Agrawal</a>, when asked by <a href="/wiki/MIT_Technology_Review" title="MIT Technology Review">MIT Technology Review</a> about balancing the protection of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">free speech</a> as a core value and the endeavour to combat misinformation, said: "Our role is not to be bound by the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>, but our role is to serve a healthy public conversation ... focus less on thinking about free speech, but thinking about how the times have changed."<a href="#cite_note-463">[460]</a> Musk had been critical of Twitter's moderation of misinformation prior to his acquisition of the company.<a href="#cite_note-464">[461]</a> After the transition, Musk eliminated the misinformation moderation team,<a href="#cite_note-465">[462]</a> and stopped enforcing its policy on labeling tweets with misleading information about coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-466">[463]</a> While Twitter had joined a voluntary program under the European Union's to fight disinformation in June 2022, Musk pulled the company out of the program in May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-467">[464]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_Notes">Community Notes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Community_Notes" title="Community Notes">Community Notes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Community_Notes_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Community_Notes_logo.png/220px-Community_Notes_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Community_Notes_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>The logo of Community Notes</figcaption></figure> In August 2020, development of Birdwatch was announced, initially described as a moderation tool. Twitter first launched the Birdwatch program in January 2021, intended as a way to debunk misinformation and propaganda, with a <a href="/wiki/Pilot_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot program">pilot program</a> of 1,000 contributors,<a href="#cite_note-Hollister-2020-468">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lyons-2021-469">[466]</a> weeks after the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Elliott-2023-470">[467]</a> The aim was to "build Birdwatch in the open, and have it shaped by the Twitter community." In November 2021, Twitter updated the Birdwatch moderation tool to limit the visibility of contributors' identities by creating aliases for their accounts, in an attempt to limit bias towards the author of notes.<a href="#cite_note-Lyons-2021-469">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-471">[468]</a> Twitter then expanded access to notes made by the Birdwatch contributors in March 2022, giving a randomized set of US users the ability to view notes attached to tweets and rate them,<a href="#cite_note-472">[469]</a> with a pilot of 10,000 contributors.<a href="#cite_note-473">[470]</a> On average, contributors were noting 43 times a day in 2022 prior to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. This then increased to 156 on the day of the invasion, estimated to be a very small portion of the misleading posts on the platform. By March 1, only 359 of 10,000 contributors had proposed notes in 2022, while a Twitter spokeswoman described plans to scale up the program, with the focus on "ensuring that Birdwatch is something people find helpful and can help inform understanding".<a href="#cite_note-474">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[472]</a> By September 2022, the program had expanded to 15,000 users.<a href="#cite_note-476">[473]</a> In October 2022, the most commonly published notes were related to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> based on historical usage.<a href="#cite_note-Faife-2022-477">[474]</a> In November 2022, at the request of <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">new owner Elon Musk</a>, Birdwatch was rebranded to <a href="/wiki/Community_Notes" title="Community Notes">Community Notes</a>, taking an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open-source</a> approach to deal with misinformation,<a href="#cite_note-Sankaran-2022-478">[475]</a> and expanded to Europe and countries outside of the US.<a href="#cite_note-Biron-2022-479">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baldacchino-2023-480">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leloup-2023-481">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_cases,_lawsuits,_and_adjudication">Court cases, lawsuits, and adjudication</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc._v._Taamneh" title="Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh">Twitter Inc. v. Taamneh</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Gonzalez_v._Google_LLC" title="Gonzalez v. Google LLC">Gonzalez v. Google</a>, were heard by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> during its 2022–2023 term. Both cases dealt with Internet content providers and whether they are liable for terrorism-related information posted by their users. In the case of Twitter v. Taamneh, the case asked if Twitter and other social media services are liable for <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated</a> terrorism content under the <a href="/wiki/Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996" title="Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996</a> and are beyond their <a href="/wiki/Section_230" title="Section 230">Section 230</a> protections. The court ruled in May 2023 that the charges brought against Twitter and other companies were not permissible under the Antiterrorism Act, and did not address the Section 230 question. This decision also supported the Court's <a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam decision</a> in Gonzalez returning that case to the lower court for review in light of the Twitter decision.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews_decision-482">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-483">[480]</a> In 2016, Twitter shareholder Doris Shenwick filed a lawsuit against Twitter, Inc., claiming executives misled investors over the company's growth prospects.<a href="#cite_note-Time-484">[481]</a> In 2021, Twitter agreed to pay $809.5 million to settle.<a href="#cite_note-Time-484">[481]</a> In May 2022, Twitter agreed to pay $150 million to settle a lawsuit started by the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission. The lawsuit concerned Twitter's use of email addresses and phone numbers of Twitter users to <a href="/wiki/Targeted_advertising" title="Targeted advertising">target advertisements</a> at them. The company also agreed to third-party audits of its <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data privacy</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-485">[482]</a> On November 3, 2022, on the eve of expected layoffs, a group of Twitter employees based in San Francisco and Cambridge filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court in San Francisco. Naming five current or former workers as plaintiffs, the suit accused the company of violating federal and state laws that govern notice of employment termination.<a href="#cite_note-486">[483]</a> The federal law in question is the <a href="/wiki/Worker_Adjustment_and_Retraining_Notification_Act_of_1988" title="Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988">Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act</a>, and the state law in question is California's state WARN Act.<a href="#cite_note-487">[484]</a> On November 20, 2023, Twitter filed a lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Media_Matters_for_America" title="Media Matters for America">Media Matters</a>, a media watchdog group. The lawsuit alleges defamation by Media Matters following its publication of a report claiming that advertisements for major brands were displayed alongside posts promoting <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-488">[485]</a> On August 6, 2024, X filed an <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust</a> lawsuit in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas">Northern District of Texas</a> against the <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Advertisers" title="World Federation of Advertisers">World Federation of Advertisers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars_Inc." title="Mars Inc.">Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/CVS_Health" title="CVS Health">CVS</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rsted_(company)" title="Ørsted (company)">Ørsted</a>, alleging that the advertisers had conspired via their participation in the Global Alliance for Responsible Media to withhold "billions of dollars in advertising revenue" from the platform.<a href="#cite_note-:0-489">[486]</a> The World Federation Of Advertisers created the Global Alliance for Responsible Media in 2019 to address "illegal or harmful content on digital media platforms and its monetization via advertising."<a href="#cite_note-490">[487]</a> On August 13, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Workplace_Relations_Commission" title="Workplace Relations Commission">Workplace Relations Commission</a> ordered Twitter to pay €550,000 to former senior staffer Gary Rooney in an unfair dismissal case. Twitter had argued that Rooney's failure to check "yes" at the bottom of an email from Elon Musk constituted resignation.<a href="#cite_note-491">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-492">[489]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_accounts_with_large_follower_base">User accounts with large follower base</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitter_accounts" title="List of most-followed Twitter accounts">List of most-followed Twitter accounts</a></div> As of 8 November 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitter&action=edit">[update]</a>, the ten X accounts with the most followers were: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Top ten most-followed X accounts </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Rank </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Change <a href="#cite_note-493">[d]</a> </th> <th scope="col">Account name </th> <th scope="col">Owner </th> <th scope="col">Followers (millions) </th> <th scope="col">Activity </th> <th scope="col">Country </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">1 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@elonmusk </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> </td> <td align="center">203.8<a href="#cite_note-495">[e]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">Business magnate</a> and Chairman </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">RSA</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">2 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@BarackObama </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td align="center">131.6 </td> <td data-sort-value="President, former">44th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">3 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@Cristiano </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo" title="Cristiano Ronaldo">Cristiano Ronaldo</a> </td> <td align="center">113.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Footballer</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">POR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">4 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@justinbieber </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a> </td> <td align="center">109.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">5 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@rihanna </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> </td> <td align="center">108.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson">businesswoman</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">BRB</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">6 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@katyperry </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> </td> <td align="center">105.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">7 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@narendramodi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td> <td align="center">103.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">IND</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">8 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@taylorswift13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> </td> <td align="center">94.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">9 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@realDonaldTrump </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td> <td align="center">93.6 </td> <td data-sort-value="President, former">45th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">10 </th> <td align="center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td scope="row">@ArianaGrande </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> </td> <td align="center">85.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actress</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_tweets">Record tweets</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-retweeted_tweets" title="List of most-retweeted tweets">List of most-retweeted tweets</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_tweets" title="List of most-liked tweets">List of most-liked tweets</a></div> A <a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">selfie</a> orchestrated by <a href="/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards" title="86th Academy Awards">86th Academy Awards</a> host <a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> during the March 2, 2014, broadcast was, at the time, the most retweeted image ever.<a href="#cite_note-ellen_2014-496">[491]</a> The photo of twelve celebrities broke the previous retweet record within forty minutes and was retweeted over 1.8 million times in the first hour.<a href="#cite_note-bbcrt-497">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-498">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-latos-499">[494]</a> On May 9, 2017, Ellen's record was broken by Carter Wilkerson (@carterjwm) by collecting nearly 3.5 million retweets in a little over a month.<a href="#cite_note-500">[495]</a> This record was broken when <a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a> announced a giveaway on Twitter in January 2019, accumulating 4.4 million retweets. A similar tweet he made in December 2019 was retweeted 3.8 million times.<a href="#cite_note-501">[496]</a> The most tweeted moment in the history of Twitter occurred on August 2, 2013; during a Japanese television airing of the <a href="/wiki/Studio_Ghibli" title="Studio Ghibli">Studio Ghibli</a> film <a href="/wiki/Castle_in_the_Sky" title="Castle in the Sky">Castle in the Sky</a>, fans simultaneously tweeted the word balse (バルス)—the incantation for a destruction spell used during its climax, after it was uttered in the film. There was a global peak of 143,199 tweets in one second, beating the previous record of 33,388.<a href="#cite_note-502">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-503">[498]</a> The most discussed event in Twitter history occurred on October 24, 2015; the hashtag ("#ALDubEBTamangPanahon") for <a href="/wiki/Tamang_Panahon" title="Tamang Panahon">Tamang Panahon</a>, a live special episode of the Filipino variety show <a href="/wiki/Eat_Bulaga!" title="Eat Bulaga!">Eat Bulaga!</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Arena" title="Philippine Arena">Philippine Arena</a>, centering on its popular on-air couple <a href="/wiki/AlDub" title="AlDub">AlDub</a>, attracted 41 million tweets.<a href="#cite_note-504">[499]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-505">[500]</a> The most-discussed sporting event in Twitter history was the <a href="/wiki/Brazil_v_Germany_(2014_FIFA_World_Cup)" title="Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)">2014 FIFA World Cup semi-final</a> between Brazil and Germany on July 8, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-506">[501]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>, the fastest pace to a million followers was set by actor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> in 23 hours and 22 minutes in April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-507">[502]</a> This record was later broken by <a href="/wiki/Caitlyn_Jenner" title="Caitlyn Jenner">Caitlyn Jenner</a>, who joined the site on June 1, 2015, and amassed a million followers in just 4 hours and 3 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-508">[503]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_awareness" title="Ambient awareness">Ambient awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_microblogging_and_similar_services" title="Comparison of microblogging and similar services">Comparison of microblogging and similar services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_social_media" title="Timeline of social media">Timeline of social media</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> The logo resembles the mathematical symbol <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+1D54F 𝕏 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%9D%95%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:𝕏">MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Registration is not required to view individual posts accessed via a direct link (not inclusive of any replies to the post or parent posts to a reply) or to view the top posts of some accounts. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> It is not documented whether the parallax scrolling effect was added with the redesign in April 2014 or subsequently. </li> <li id="cite_note-493"><a href="#cite_ref-493">^</a> Raw number of followers compared to June 12, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-495"><a href="#cite_ref-495">^</a> In 2022, it was estimated that just under half of Musk's followers were spam, bot, propaganda, or inactive accounts.<a href="#cite_note-FakeFollwers-494">[490]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:16-1"><a href="#cite_ref-:16_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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Retrieved October 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk%27s+X+adds+to+fog+of+war+at+outset+of+Israel-Hamas+conflict&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.aulast=Lyngaas&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=O%27Sullivan%2C+Donie&rft.au=Duffy%2C+Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F10%2F09%2Ftech%2Fmusk-x-misinformation-israel-hamas-conflict%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSato2022" class="citation web cs1">Sato, Mia (December 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/2/23489808/elon-musk-twitter-hate-speech-increase-content-moderation">"Hate speech is soaring on Twitter under Elon Musk, report finds"</a>. 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Retrieved September 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hate+Speech%27s+Rise+on+Twitter+Is+Unprecedented%2C+Researchers+Find&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft.aulast=Frenkel&rft.aufirst=Sheera&rft.au=Conger%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F12%2F02%2Ftechnology%2Ftwitter-hate-speech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yaccarino-ceo-21"><a href="#cite_ref-yaccarino-ceo_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrier2023" class="citation news cs1">Frier, Sarah (June 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role?srnd=premium-europe">"Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role"</a>. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317191421/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64037261">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+to+quit+as+Twitter+CEO+when+replacement+found&rft.date=2022-12-21&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-64037261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role">"Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role"</a>. 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Retrieved August 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=How+an+Old+Japanese+Anime+Broke+a+Twitter+Record&rft.aulast=Ashcraft&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2F5868320%2Fhow-an-old-japanese-anime-broke-twitter-records%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/TwitterData/status/658724283011735552">"Fans in the Philippines & around the world sent 41M Tweets mentioning #ALDubEBTamangPanahon"</a>. Twitter Data Verified Account. October 27, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter+Data+Verified+Account&rft.atitle=Fans+in+the+Philippines+%26+around+the+world+sent+41M+Tweets+mentioning+%23ALDubEBTamangPanahon&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FTwitterData%2Fstatus%2F658724283011735552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendoza2015" class="citation news cs1">Mendoza, Arvin (October 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.inquirer.net/181811/aldub-breaks-fifa-world-cups-twitter-record">"'AlDub' breaks FIFA World Cup's Twitter record"</a>. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27AlDub%27+breaks+FIFA+World+Cup%27s+Twitter+record&rft.date=2015-10-25&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Arvin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F181811%2Faldub-breaks-fifa-world-cups-twitter-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-506"><a href="#cite_ref-506">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomchak2014" class="citation news cs1">Tomchak, Anne-Marie (July 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-28226010">"#BBCtrending: Brazil's World Cup thrashing breaks Twitter records"</a>. BBC. Retrieved July 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%23BBCtrending%3A+Brazil%27s+World+Cup+thrashing+breaks+Twitter+records&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft.aulast=Tomchak&rft.aufirst=Anne-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs-trending-28226010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-507"><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-time-to-reach-1-million-followers-on-twitter">"Fastest time to reach one million followers on Twitter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. April 12, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.atitle=Fastest+time+to+reach+one+million+followers+on+Twitter&rft.date=2014-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Ffastest-time-to-reach-1-million-followers-on-twitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-508"><a href="#cite_ref-508">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkinson2015" class="citation web cs1">Parkinson, Hannah Jane (June 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jun/02/caitlyn-jenner-twitter-record-million-followers-vanity-fair">"Caitlyn Jenner smashes Twitter world record, reaching a million followers"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved May 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Caitlyn+Jenner+smashes+Twitter+world+record%2C+reaching+a+million+followers&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=Hannah+Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2015%2Fjun%2F02%2Fcaitlyn-jenner-twitter-record-million-followers-vanity-fair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongerMac2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Conger" title="Kate Conger">Conger, Kate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Mac" title="Ryan Mac">Mac, Ryan</a> (2024). <a href="/wiki/Character_Limit:_How_Elon_Musk_Destroyed_Twitter" title="Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter">Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter</a> (1st hardcover ed.). New York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0593656136" title="Special:BookSources/978-0593656136"><bdi>978-0593656136</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1432234243">1432234243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Character+Limit%3A+How+Elon+Musk+Destroyed+Twitter&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+hardcover&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1432234243&rft.isbn=978-0593656136&rft.aulast=Conger&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Mac%2C+Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFittonGruenPoston2009" class="citation book cs1">Fitton, Laura; Gruen, Michael E.; Poston, Leslie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twitterfordummie00fitt">Twitter For Dummies</a>. Foreword: Jack Dorsey. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470479919" title="Special:BookSources/9780470479919"><bdi>9780470479919</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/286485306">286485306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twitter+For+Dummies&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F286485306&rft.isbn=9780470479919&rft.aulast=Fitton&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Gruen%2C+Michael+E.&rft.au=Poston%2C+Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwitterfordummie00fitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTufekci2017" class="citation book cs1">Tufekci, Zeynep (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530054535/https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300215120/twitter-and-tear-gas">Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest</a> (1st hardcover ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300215120" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300215120"><bdi>978-0300215120</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961312425">961312425</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300215120/twitter-and-tear-gas">the original</a> on May 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twitter+and+Tear+Gas%3A+The+Power+and+Fragility+of+Networked+Protest&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn.&rft.edition=1st+hardcover&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961312425&rft.isbn=978-0300215120&rft.aulast=Tufekci&rft.aufirst=Zeynep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyalebooks.yale.edu%2Fbook%2F9780300215120%2Ftwitter-and-tear-gas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/List_of_Twitter_features" title="List of Twitter features">Features</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_verification" title="Twitter verification">Verification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlockDB" title="FlockDB">FlockDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnip" title="Gnip">Gnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seesmic" title="Seesmic">Seesmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Twitter_services_and_applications" title="List of Twitter services and applications">Services and applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hootsuite" title="Hootsuite">Hootsuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweetbot" title="Tweetbot">Tweetbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitterrific" title="Twitterrific">Twitterrific</a></li></ul></li> <li>Statistics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitter_accounts" title="List of most-followed Twitter accounts">Most-followed accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-retweeted_tweets" title="List of most-retweeted tweets">Most-retweeted tweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_tweets" title="List of most-liked tweets">Most-liked tweets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tween_(software)" title="Tween (software)">Tween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweetie" title="Tweetie">Tweetie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twimight" title="Twimight">Twimight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwitPic" title="TwitPic">TwitPic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Twitter" title="Black Twitter">Black Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dril" title="Dril">dril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogtwitter" title="Frogtwitter">Frogtwitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkshake_Duck" title="Milkshake Duck">Milkshake Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Square_(San_Francisco)" title="Market Square (San Francisco)">Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Twitter" title="Stan Twitter">Stan Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_trends" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter trends">Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitterature" title="Twitterature">Twitterature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_bomb" title="Twitter bomb">Twitter bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_bot" title="Twitter bot">Twitter bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_diplomacy" title="Twitter diplomacy">Twitter diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Twitter" title="History of Twitter">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Twitter_account_hijacking" title="2020 Twitter account hijacking">2020 account hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition by Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Nigeria" title="Blocking of Twitter in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Twitter" title="Republik Twitter">Republik Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Twitter" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Twitter">Mergers and acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BackType" title="BackType">BackType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefin_Labs" title="Bluefin Labs">Bluefin Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasient" title="Dasient">Dasient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnip" title="Gnip">Gnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitro" title="Mitro">Mitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namo_Media" title="Namo Media">Namo Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterous" title="Posterous">Posterous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summify" title="Summify">Summify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendrr" title="Trendrr">Trendrr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweetie" title="Tweetie">Tweetie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisper_Systems" title="Whisper Systems">Whisper Systems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(service)" title="Periscope (service)">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_suspensions" title="Twitter suspensions">Suspensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">December 2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc._v._Taamneh" title="Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh">Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_usage" title="Twitter usage">Usage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Twitter_by_public_figures" title="Use of Twitter by public figures">public figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks-related_Twitter_court_orders" title="WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders">WikiLeaks-related court orders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microblogging" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microblogging" title="Template:Microblogging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microblogging" title="Template talk:Microblogging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microblogging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microblogging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microblogging" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">Microblogging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanfou" title="Fanfou">Fanfou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hive_Social" title="Hive Social">Hive Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myspace" title="Myspace">Myspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillowfort" title="Pillowfort">Pillowfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurk" title="Plurk">Plurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qzone" title="Qzone">Qzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaborate" title="Solaborate">Solaborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viadeo" title="Viadeo">Viadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weibo" title="Weibo">Weibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XING" title="XING">XING</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decentralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ActivityPub-compatible" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a>-compatible</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friendica" title="Friendica">Friendica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro.blog" title="Micro.blog">micro.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misskey" title="Misskey">Misskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)" title="Pleroma (software)">Pleroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluesky" title="Bluesky">Bluesky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identi.ca" title="Identi.ca">identi.ca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pump.io" title="Pump.io">pump.io</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostr" title="Nostr">Nostr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMicroBlogging" title="OpenMicroBlogging">OpenMicroBlogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OStatus" title="OStatus">OStatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twister_(software)" title="Twister (software)">Twister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App.net" title="App.net">App.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmodo" title="Edmodo">Edmodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Google Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heello" title="Heello">Heello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me2day" title="Me2day">Me2day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Meme" title="Yahoo Meme">Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migme" title="Migme">Migme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natter_(social_network)" title="Natter (social network)">Natter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterous" title="Posterous">Posterous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pownce" title="Pownce">Pownce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaiku" title="Qaiku">Qaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Weibo" title="Tencent Weibo">Tencent Weibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tout_(company)" title="Tout (company)">Tout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backchannel" title="Backchannel">Backchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestreaming" title="Lifestreaming">Lifestreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mention_(blogging)" title="Mention (blogging)">Mention/Replies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_microblogging_and_similar_services" title="Comparison of microblogging and similar services">Comparison of microblogging and similar services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_networking_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_networking_services" title="Template:Social networking services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_networking_services" title="Template talk:Social networking services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_networking_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social networking services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_networking_services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networking services</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_networking_services" title="List of social networking services">Personal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23snaps" title="23snaps">23snaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amikumu" title="Amikumu">Amikumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anobii" title="Anobii">anobii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Are.na" title="Are.na">Are.na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ask.fm" title="Ask.fm">Ask.fm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badoo" title="Badoo">Badoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeReal" title="BeReal">BeReal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluesky" title="Bluesky">Bluesky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondee" title="Bondee">Bondee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumble" title="Bumble">Bumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_(app)" title="Cara (app)">Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubhouse_(app)" title="Clubhouse (app)">Clubhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohost" title="Cohost">Cohost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoz" title="Convoz">Convoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyworld" title="Cyworld">Cyworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_(social_network)" title="Display (social network)">display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douban" title="Douban">Douban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draugiem.lv" title="Draugiem.lv">Draugiem.lv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_City_Guide" title="Foursquare City Guide">Foursquare City Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Swarm" title="Foursquare Swarm">Foursquare Swarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendica" title="Friendica">Friendica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gapo" title="Gapo">Gapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_(app)" title="Gas (app)">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi5" title="Hi5">Hi5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hive_Social" title="Hive Social">Hive Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddles_(app)" title="Huddles (app)">Huddles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idka" title="Idka">Idka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC-Galleria" title="IRC-Galleria">IRC-Galleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumu_(social_network)" title="Kumu (social network)">Kumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterboxd" title="Letterboxd">Letterboxd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likee" title="Likee">Likee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveJournal" title="LiveJournal">LiveJournal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(app)" title="Marco Polo (app)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meet_Group" title="The Meet Group">The Meet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meetup" title="Meetup">Meetup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeWe" title="MeWe">MeWe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaopai" title="Miaopai">Miaopai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro.blog" title="Micro.blog">micro.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixi" title="Mixi">Mixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player#MX_TakaTak" title="MX Player">MX TakaTak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_World@Mail.Ru" title="My World@Mail.Ru">My World@Mail.Ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myspace" title="Myspace">Myspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextdoor" title="Nextdoor">Nextdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odnoklassniki" title="Odnoklassniki">Odnoklassniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peach_(social_network)" title="Peach (social network)">Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinterest" title="Pinterest">Pinterest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixnet" title="Pixnet">Pixnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)" title="Pleroma (software)">Pleroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurk" title="Plurk">Plurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promo.com" title="Promo.com">Promo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qzone" title="Qzone">Qzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readgeek" title="Readgeek">Readgeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renren" title="Renren">Renren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShareChat" title="ShareChat">ShareChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(app)" title="Snow (app)">SNOW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaces_(social_network)" title="Spaces (social network)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagged_(website)" title="Tagged (website)">Tagged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Canal" title="Tal Canal">Tal Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinder_(app)" title="Tinder (app)">Tinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triller_(app)" title="Triller (app)">Triller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuenti" title="Tuenti">Tuenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Time" title="TV Time">TV Time</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untappd" title="Untappd">Untappd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_(app)" title="Vero (app)">Vero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weibo" title="Weibo">Weibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisper_(app)" title="Whisper (app)">Whisper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaohongshu" title="Xiaohongshu">Xiaohongshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yik_Yak" title="Yik Yak">Yik Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_network_service" title="Professional network service">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behance" title="Behance">Behance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainly" title="Brainly">Brainly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Connections" title="HCL Connections">HCL Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodle" title="Moodle">Moodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaborate" title="Solaborate">Solaborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viadeo" title="Viadeo">Viadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XING" title="XING">XING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_social_networking_services" title="List of defunct social networking services">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App.net" title="App.net">App.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsianAve" title="AsianAve">AsianAve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatars_United" title="Avatars United">Avatars United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebo" title="Bebo">Bebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(website)" title="Bolt (website)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BranchOut" title="BranchOut">BranchOut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capazoo" title="Capazoo">Capazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloob" title="Cloob">Cloob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EConozco" title="EConozco">eConozco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmodo" title="Edmodo">Edmodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ello_(social_network)" title="Ello (social network)">Ello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emojli" title="Emojli">Emojli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWorld" title="EWorld">eWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyegroove" title="Eyegroove">Eyegroove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitFinder" title="FitFinder">FitFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Reunited" title="Friends Reunited">Friends Reunited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendster" title="Friendster">Friendster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Google Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(social_app)" title="Google Currents (social app)">Google Currents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grono.net" title="Grono.net">Grono.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heello" title="Heello">Heello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_(social_network)" title="Hello (social network)">Hello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlight_(application)" title="Highlight (application)">Highlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houseparty_(app)" title="Houseparty (app)">Houseparty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyves" title="Hyves">Hyves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IdeaPlane" title="IdeaPlane">IdeaPlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Ping" title="ITunes Ping">iTunes Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWiW" title="IWiW">iWiW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keek" title="Keek">Keek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koo_(social_network)" title="Koo (social network)">Koo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeknot" title="Lifeknot">Lifeknot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunarStorm" title="LunarStorm">LunarStorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me2day" title="Me2day">Me2day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_(app)" title="Meerkat (app)">Meerkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miiverse" title="Miiverse">Miiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MixBit" title="MixBit">MixBit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobli" title="Mobli">Mobli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugshot_(website)" title="Mugshot (website)">Mugshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiply_(website)" title="Multiply (website)">Multiply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical.ly" title="Musical.ly">Musical.ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natter_(social_network)" title="Natter (social network)">Natter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlog" title="Netlog">Netlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NK.pl" title="NK.pl">NK.pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_(social_network)" title="Path (social network)">Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(service)" title="Periscope (service)">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheed" title="Pheed">Pheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piczo" title="Piczo">Piczo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterous" title="Posterous">Posterous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pownce" title="Pownce">Pownce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaiku" title="Qaiku">Qaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciencescape" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciencescape">Sciencescape</a> (Metaα)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixDegrees.com" title="SixDegrees.com">SixDegrees.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrock_(social_network_site)" title="Skyrock (social network site)">Skyrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So.cl" title="So.cl">So.cl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify_Live" title="Spotify Live">Spotify Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring.me" title="Spring.me">Spring.me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetlife_(website)" title="Streetlife (website)">Streetlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudiVZ" title="StudiVZ">StudiVZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfbook" title="Surfbook">Surfbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkbits" title="Talkbits">Talkbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taringa!" title="Taringa!">Taringa!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbh" title="Tbh">tbh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Community" title="Tea Party Community">Tea Party Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Voice" title="Third Voice">Third Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tout_(company)" title="Tout (company)">Tout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe.net" title="Tribe.net">tribe.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvtag" title="Tvtag">tvtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Spaces" title="Windows Live Spaces">Windows Live Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wretch_(website)" title="Wretch (website)">Wretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanga" title="Xanga">Xanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_360%C2%B0" title="Yahoo 360°">Yahoo! 360°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Kickstart" title="Yahoo Kickstart">Yahoo! Kickstart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Mash" title="Yahoo Mash">Yahoo! Mash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Meme" title="Yahoo Meme">Yahoo! Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_(app)" title="Yo (app)">Yo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_social_networking_software" title="Comparison of social networking software">Software comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-label_product" title="White-label product">White-label</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ning_(website)" title="Ning (website)">Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall.fm" title="Wall.fm">Wall.fm</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_analysis_software" title="Social network analysis software">Analysis software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0_Suicide_Machine" title="Web 2.0 Suicide Machine">Web 2.0 Suicide Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_inequality" title="Attention inequality">Attention inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_page" title="Confessions page">Confessions page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersectarianism" title="Cybersectarianism">Cybersectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fediverse" title="Fediverse">Fediverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_identity" title="Online identity">Online identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-world_experiment" title="Small-world experiment">Small-world experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-world_network" title="Small-world network">Small-world network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">Social network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirst_trap" title="Thirst trap">Thirst trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_profile" title="User profile">User profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_communities_with_more_than_1_million_users" title="List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">Hospitality exchange service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_dating" title="Online dating">Online dating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_online_dating_services" title="Comparison of online dating services">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_advertising" title="Social network advertising">Social network advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_hosting_service" title="Social network hosting service">Social network hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_profiling" title="Social profiling">Social profiling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_page" title="Brand page">Brand page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_(online_social_networking)" title="Group (online social networking)">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">Like button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_petition" title="Online petition">Online petitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-access_poll" title="Open-access poll">Polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_(social_media)" title="Story (social media)">Story</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issues_relating_to_social_networking_services" title="Issues relating to social networking services">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_social_networking_services" title="Privacy concerns with social networking services">Privacy concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problematic_social_media_use" title="Problematic social media use">Problematic social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_social_network_websites_in_investigations" title="Use of social network websites in investigations">Use in investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_in_politics" title="Social media use in politics">Use in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_social_network_service_use" title="Gender differences in social network service use">User gender differences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Social_Networking_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized Social Networking Protocol">Decentralized Social Networking Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Social_Networking_Protocol" title="Distributed Social Networking Protocol">Distributed Social Networking Protocol</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostr" title="Nostr">Nostr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSocial" title="OpenSocial">OpenSocial</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OStatus" title="OStatus">OStatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump.io" title="Pump.io">Pump.io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Censorship_and_websites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Censorship_and_websites" title="Template:Censorship and websites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Censorship_and_websites" title="Template talk:Censorship and websites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship_and_websites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship and websites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Censorship_and_websites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_censorship#Internet" title="Corporate censorship">Censorship and websites</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Censorship of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_censorship_abroad" title="Chinese censorship abroad">Chinese censorship abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">File sharing sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_GitHub" title="Censorship of GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_the_iTunes_Store" title="Censorship of the iTunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_blocking_access_to_The_Pirate_Bay" title="Countries blocking access to The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_TikTok" title="Censorship of TikTok">TikTok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_TikTok_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on TikTok in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Twitter (X)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Nigeria" title="Blocking of Twitter in Nigeria">in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Wikipedia" title="Censorship of Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_censorship_in_mainland_China" title="Wikimedia censorship in mainland China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia" title="Block of Wikipedia in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey" title="Block of Wikipedia in Turkey">in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Venezuela" title="Block of Wikipedia in Venezuela">in Venezuela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">in Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Censorship by</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_AOL#Terms_of_Service_(TOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of AOL">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Apple" title="Censorship by Apple">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco#Censorship_in_China" title="Cisco">Cisco in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Facebook" title="Censorship by Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_TikTok" title="Censorship by TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter#Censorship_on_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Twitter (X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Yahoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by Yahoo">Yahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#YouTube" title="Censorship by Google">YouTube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Censorship_in_China" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Microsoft in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skype#Service_in_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Skype">Skype in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Myspace#Censorship" title="Criticism of Myspace">Myspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Myspace#MySpace_China" title="Criticism of Myspace">in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_with_country_access_restrictions" title="List of websites with country access restrictions">country access restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Websites blocked in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Australia" title="Internet censorship in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_Belgium" title="List of websites blocked in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_mainland_China" title="List of websites blocked in mainland China">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cuba" title="Internet censorship in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_France" title="Internet censorship in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Germany" title="Internet censorship in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Internet censorship in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Internet censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malawi" title="Internet censorship in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Morocco" title="Internet censorship in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_New_Zealand" title="Internet censorship in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Romania" title="Internet censorship in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Russia" title="Internet censorship in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_Russia" title="List of websites blocked in Russia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Singapore" title="Internet censorship in Singapore">Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_Singapore" title="List of websites blocked in Singapore">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Africa" title="Internet censorship in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Korea" title="Internet censorship in South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_websites_banned_in_South_Korea" title="List of North Korean websites banned in South Korea">North Korean websites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Switzerland" title="Internet censorship in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Syria" title="Internet censorship in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Thailand" title="Internet censorship in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Tunisia" title="Internet censorship in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet censorship in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Web blocking in the United Kingdom">web blocking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Internet censorship in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elon_Musk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elon_Musk" title="Template:Elon Musk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elon_Musk" title="Template talk:Elon Musk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elon_Musk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elon Musk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elon_Musk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">lawsuits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">The Boring Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boring_test_tunnel" title="Boring test tunnel">Boring test tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thud_(media_company)" title="Thud (media company)">Thud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition of Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">December 2022 suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">Block in Brazil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg/80px-Elon_Musk_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg/120px-Elon_Musk_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg/160px-Elon_Musk_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="1484" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk:_Tesla,_SpaceX,_and_the_Quest_for_a_Fantastic_Future" title="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Musk_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Musk Who Fell to Earth">The Musk Who Fell to Earth</a>" (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Space_Barons" title="The Space Barons">The Space Barons</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludicrous:_The_Unvarnished_Story_of_Tesla_Motors" title="Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors">Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors</a> (2019)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Crew_over_the_Crewcoo%27s_Morty" title="One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty">One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty</a>" (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Play:_Tesla,_Elon_Musk,_and_the_Bet_of_the_Century" title="Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century">Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Space" title="Return to Space">Return to Space</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Crash_Course" title="Elon Musk's Crash Course">Elon Musk's Crash Course</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(Isaacson_book)" title="Elon Musk (Isaacson book)">Elon Musk</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Family of Elon Musk">Family of Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maye_Musk" title="Maye Musk">Maye Musk (mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal Musk (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosca_Musk" title="Tosca Musk">Tosca Musk (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_N._Haldeman" title="Joshua N. Haldeman">Joshua N. Haldeman (grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Rive" title="Lyndon Rive">Lyndon Rive (cousin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Musk" title="Justine Musk">Justine Musk (first wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talulah_Riley" title="Talulah Riley">Talulah Riley (second wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes" title="Grimes">Grimes (partner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivon_Zilis" title="Shivon Zilis">Shivon Zilis (partner)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_PAC" title="America PAC">America PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Nova_School" title="Astra Nova School">Astra Nova School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk" title="Personal and business legal affairs of Elon Musk">Legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_filmography" title="Elon Musk filmography">Elon Musk filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElonJet" title="ElonJet">ElonJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science" title="Texas Institute of Technology and Science">Texas Institute of Technology and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Elon_Musk" title="Category:Elon Musk">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/21px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/32px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/42px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="288" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Freedom_of_speech" title="Portal:Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/21px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/32px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/42px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1885" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/42px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Twitter at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Twitter" class="extiw" title="wikt:Twitter">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Twitter" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Twitter">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Twitter" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Twitter">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/X_(social_network)" class="extiw" title="q:X (social network)">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" 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