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Hadzhieva, REDISCOVER Nature/EEA</span></div></div></div><div class="three wide computer two wide mobile three wide tablet column actions"><div class="popup-trigger"><div class="action"><button class="ui basic icon inverted button share"><i title="Share" aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-share-fill"></i><span class="mobile-sr-only">Share</span></button></div></div><div class="popup-container" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="documentDescription eea callout"><p>About 80% of Europe’s land surface has been shaped by human activities: covered with buildings, roads, industrial infrastructure or used for agriculture. The way we use land constitutes one of the main drivers of environmental degradation and climate change.</p></div><div style="margin:0px 0px 100px 0px" class="styled-columnsBlock has--margin--bottom--100 has--margin--unlock--true styled"><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="eight wide computer twelve wide mobile eight wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-tabs_block styled"><div class="tabs-block accordion light flex-start" id="38b81c58-6367-4eaa-b5e6-ced0cd302e37"><div class="styled-tab styled"><div class="tab-accordion-container" role="presentation" tabindex="-1"><div class="RRT__container"><div class="RRT__tabs tabs-accordion-icon-left ui menu tabs-accessibility tabs-secondary-variant light pointing secondary"><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab active ui item title RRT__tab--first RRT__tab--selected" id="tab-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-selected="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-up-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">Overview</span></div><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab ui item title" id="tab-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-down-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">Key facts</span></div><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab ui item title" id="tab-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-down-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">EU action</span></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content active" role="tabpanel" id="panel-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-labelledby="tab-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-hidden="false"><div id="Overview" class="tab-name"><p>Europe is one of the most intensively used landmasses on the globe, with the highest share of land used for agriculture, forests and, to a lesser extent, urban areas and infrastructure. The way we use this invaluable resource has significant impacts on the <strong>environment</strong> and c<strong>limate change</strong>. </p><p><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/land-cover-and-change-statistics" rel="noopener">Land use remained relatively stable in the EU</a>, except for <strong>artificial surfaces</strong> such as built areas and roads, with an increase of over <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/publications/soer-2020" rel="noopener">6% during 2000-2018</a>. </p><p>The increasing <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/land-take-in-functional-urban" rel="noopener">land-take trend</a> (change in <strong>a</strong><strong>gricultural, forest and other semi-natural land </strong>taken for urban and other artificial land development) puts pressure on biodiversity, degrades habitats and contributes to <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/land-take-and-land-degradation" rel="noopener">issues</a> ranging from carbon sequestration to soil sealing, landscape fragmentation, increased flood risk and urban heat island effects. </p><p><strong>F</strong><strong>orests</strong> cover close to 40% of Europe's land area. Besides providing food, fibres and habitats for many species, they contribute to the<a href="/en/analysis/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land"> annual net removals of greenhouse gas. </a><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land/assessment" rel="noopener"></a>Through its land use, land use change and forestry (<strong>LULUCF</strong>) activities, the EU currently removes a net total of 244 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e from the atmosphere every year, equivalent to 7% of its annual greenhouse gas emissions. The sector will play a crucial role in helping the EU achieve net zero emissions by 2050.</p><p><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land/assessment" rel="noopener"></a><strong>Organic soils</strong>, including peat lands, store large quantities of carbon and they are therefore equally important for land-based mitigation efforts. </p><p>Assuring that land is used in a sustainable way requires a long-term management perspective leading to a transition to sustainably managed land. </p></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content RRT__panel--hidden" role="tabpanel" id="panel-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-labelledby="tab-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-hidden="true"><div id="Key facts" class="tab-name"><p>Constant land take and intensive and unsustainable land use by human activities destroys biodiversity and makes Europe increasingly vulnerable to natural disasters. Stopping land degradation and restoring wetlands, peatlands, coastal ecosystems, forests, grasslands, and farmland is key to preventing biodiversity decline and adapting to climate change. </p><p><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/land-take-and-land-degradation" rel="noopener">Our analysis</a> shows that </p><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li>Between 2012 and 2018, land take in the <strong>urban areas</strong> of the EU and UK increased by 3,581 km<sup>2</sup> and soil sealing increased by an estimated 1,467 km², mostly at the expense of croplands and pastures. </li><li>The soil sealing caused a <strong>loss of potential carbon sequestration</strong>, estimated at 4.2 million tonnes of carbon during the monitoring period. </li><li>Almost 80% of land take in urban areas took place in <strong>commuting zones</strong>, which are often important for wildlife, carbon sequestration, flood protection, and the supply of food and fibres. Commuting zones have much more artificial areas per person than cities, which means that their land use is less efficient. </li><li>Adding to pressures on nature, habitats in urban areas get <strong>fragmented </strong>because of land take and, with an average size of 0.25 km², they are about four times smaller than in rural areas. </li></ul></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content RRT__panel--hidden" role="tabpanel" id="panel-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-labelledby="tab-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-hidden="true"><div id="EU action" class="tab-name"><p>Currently, there is no legally binding policy target in relation to land take and soil sealing at the EU level. However, the new <strong>EU soil strategy for 2030</strong> calls on Member States to set land take targets for 2030, with the aim of reaching land take neutrality by 2050. </p><p>EEA activities focus on monitoring, documenting and assessing the spatial pattern, extent and dynamics of <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/sv/data-and-maps/dashboards/land-cover-and-change-statistics" rel="noopener">land use and land cover in Europe</a>. This is based on data from remote sensing and in situ information, facilitated through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis and documented in the framework of <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/land-cover-accounts" rel="noopener">land and ecosystem accounting tools</a>. </p><p>The main EEA data source is the <strong><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european" rel="noopener">Copernicus land monitoring service</a>,</strong> which includes the <strong>Corine Land Cover data set</strong> that was produced for 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018 and is based on cooperation with EEA members and collaborating countries and the Copernicus programme. </p><p>To support the EU's climate mitigation efforts, the EEA is monitoring the EU's greenhouse gas emissions, which can be found <a href="https://climate-energy.eea.europa.eu/topics/climate-change-mitigation/land-and-forests/data" rel="noopener">in the EEA data viewer</a>. The <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land/assessment" rel="noopener">EEA indicator</a> provides more detailed information on greenhouse gas emissions from <strong>land use, land use change and forestry</strong> activities. </p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button secondary" href="/en/about/policy-corner-eu-policies-we-support">See the EU policies we support</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div style="background-color:#ffffff;--background-color:#ffffff" class="styled-accordion secondary has--backgroundColor--ffffff has--theme--secondary styled styled-with-bg"><div class="accordion-block has--backgroundColor--ffffff has--theme--secondary"><div 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href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Land%20use&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=News&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Article&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="4268d9b2-6e3b-409b-8b2a-b624c120090d" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Publications</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/land-take-and-land-degradation" rel="noopener">Land take and land degradation in functional urban areas</a></li></ul><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/carbon-stocks-and-sequestration-rates" rel="noopener">Carbon stocks and sequestration in terrestrial and marine ecosystems: a lever for nature restoration? </a></li></ul><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/landuse/land-accounting" rel="noopener">Land cover accounts – an approach to geospatial environmental accounting</a></li></ul><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Land%20use&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Report&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Briefing&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="e53c3d45-3510-42da-bd18-cc72d0fb1a7b" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Indicators</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land/assessment" rel="noopener">Greenhouse gas emissions from land use, land use change and forestry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/imperviousness-and-imperviousness-change-in-europe" rel="noopener">Imperviousness and imperviousness change in Europe</a><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/imperviousness-and-imperviousness-change-in-europe" rel="noopener"></a></li></ul><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right 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href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/imperviousness-in-europe" rel="noopener">Imperviousness in Europe</a><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/imperviousness-in-europe" rel="noopener"></a></li></ul><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Land%20use&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Figure%20%28chart%2Fmap%29&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Chart%20%28interactive%29&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B2%5D=Dashboard&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B3%5D=Infographic&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B4%5D=Map%20%28interactive%29&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon 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has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=FAQ&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Land%20use&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container large center"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/soil/soil.jpg/@@images/image-800-e85b99cb01d16fcd1b03f957556a256f.jpeg" width="800" height="800" class="large responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/soil/soil.jpg/@@images/image-200-a9b99abf057529a53712aada695ad404.jpeg 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/soil/soil.jpg/@@images/image-400-429c8938b1e3fb765f64facf61247716.jpeg 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/soil/soil.jpg/@@images/image-800-e85b99cb01d16fcd1b03f957556a256f.jpeg 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 400px, (max-width: 1440px) 800px, 100vw"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="urgent-action-needed-to-reverse-soil-degradation-in-europe" data-block="55b3a4a0-a30d-4589-86fb-a91234248907"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#urgent-action-needed-to-reverse-soil-degradation-in-europe"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Urgent action needed to reverse soil degradation in Europe </h2><p>Soil degradation threatens our competitiveness, food security, agricultural productivity, biodiversity, and resilience to extreme weather events and climate change. Joint efforts at EU, national, and local level focus on restoring soil health.</p><p>Launched at the EU Soil Observatory Stakeholder Forum, the <strong>2024 State of Soils in Europe </strong>report assesses the state of soil degradation across the EU and other countries in the European Economic Area, including Ukraine, Türkiye, and the Western Balkans. The report shows alarming status and trends, with soil degradation getting much worse in recent years, and highlights the need for immediate action to reverse this trend. </p><p>The State of Soils in Europe report is a collaboration between the <strong>Joint Research Centre</strong> and the <strong>European Environment Agency</strong>.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary right has--align--right has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a href="https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC137600" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">Find out more in the report</a></div></div><p> </p></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="eight wide computer twelve wide mobile eight wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="interview--what-satellites-can-tell-us-about-earth" data-block="1281cab5-5882-43ba-84d6-78182f079a79"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#interview--what-satellites-can-tell-us-about-earth"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Interview — What satellites can tell us about Earth</h2><blockquote class="eea quote"><div class="content"><div class="quotes wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-double-quotes-l"></i><div class="quote"><p>Sentinel—2C provides continuity for Sentinel—2A. The European Union's Copernicus programme is vast and long-term maintenance needs to be an essential part of the plan. Sentinel—2C will ensure continuity in the data, bridging the time between Sentinel—2A, 2B, and eventually 2D. These satellites work in pairs, providing a solid foundation for our work at <strong>Copernicus Land Monitoring Service</strong> (CLMS). ... <strong>Continuity is crucial</strong> for the kind of long-term monitoring we do at CLMS and the European Environment Agency (EEA). </p></div><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-double-quotes-r"></i></div></div></blockquote><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary left has--align--left has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align left"><a title="" class="ui button primary" href="/en/newsroom/editorial/revolutionising-earth-observation">Read full interview with Usue Donezar</a></div></div></div><div class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><div class="block gridBlock one"><div class="ui stackable stretched one column grid"><div class="column"><div class="ui fluid card u-card max-2-lines title-max-2-lines has--align--left rounded has--text--center"><div class="image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/en/newsroom/editorial/revolutionising-earth-observation/usue-donezar.png/@@images/image/preview" alt="Usue Donezar" class="ui image"/></div><div class="content"><div class="header"><a class="header-link" href="/en/newsroom/editorial/revolutionising-earth-observation/usue-donezar.png">Usue Donezar</a></div><div class="description">Expert - Copernicus Project Lead</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container large center"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use/gid-oloxgaadlzf.jpg/@@images/image-800-3695b064ed9343ebd52a607220a2e1a7.jpeg" width="800" height="505" class="large responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use/gid-oloxgaadlzf.jpg/@@images/image-200-14743cee2c30297612ddd607d5a92c7d.jpeg 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/land-use/gid-oloxgaadlzf.jpg/@@images/image-400-770b8117710007e8dc57eb535543507c.jpeg 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/land-use/gid-oloxgaadlzf.jpg/@@images/image-800-3695b064ed9343ebd52a607220a2e1a7.jpeg 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 400px, (max-width: 1440px) 800px, 100vw"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Copernicus EU</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="what-is-copernicus-land-monitoring-service" data-block="fe20281d-2646-4186-8c3b-40de281e6397"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#what-is-copernicus-land-monitoring-service"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>What is Copernicus Land Monitoring Service?</h2><p>Copernicus is the European Union's <strong>Earth observation</strong> programme. Information from this programme is provided through <strong>six thematic services</strong>: land, marine, atmosphere, climate change, emergency management and security. All information is free and openly accessible to all users. The Land Service, provided by the EEA and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, is divided into four main components: global , pan-European, local and imagery and reference data.</p><p>Copernicus land data provides detailed information, for example, on <strong>ground motion or how urban areas, forests, snow and ice cover change over tim</strong><strong>e</strong>.</p><p> </p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary right has--align--right has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">Read more on Copernicus Land Monitoring</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><div class="eea hero-block inverted"><div class="hero-block-image-wrapper full-width"><div class="hero-block-image"></div><div class="hero-block-image-overlay dark-overlay-4"></div></div><div class="hero-block-inner-wrapper d-flex flex-items-center"><div class="hero-block-body"><div class="hero-block-text color-fg-white text-left"><h2 id="forests-cover-close-to-40-of-europes-land-area" data-block="a05f52e4-f430-4f77-8253-c11c5a3a5a3c"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#forests-cover-close-to-40-of-europes-land-area"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Forests cover close to 40% of Europe's land area. </h2></div><div class="hero-block-meta text-left"><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button white inverted">See FISE website for more on Europe's forests</a></div><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-prefix">Image</span><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Pedro Esteves, Well with Nature /EEA</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="what-happens-when-we-cover-the-ground-with-concrete-and-asphalt" data-block="fa363be4-ccfa-4091-b1c8-529c38b014d3"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#what-happens-when-we-cover-the-ground-with-concrete-and-asphalt"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>What happens when we cover the ground with concrete and asphalt?</h2><p>European cities are growing, and with them a larger area has been covered by concrete, asphalt, buildings or other artificial surfaces. Since the mid-1950s, <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/imperviousness-in-europe" rel="noopener">the total surface area of cities in the EU has increased by 78%</a>, thus contributing greatly to soil sealing and its negative impacts.</p><p><strong>Soil sealing </strong>can be defined as the destruction or covering of the ground by an <strong>impermeable material</strong>. It is one of the main causes of soil degradation in the EU. </p><p>Soil sealing often affects fertile agricultural land, puts biodiversity at risk, increases the risk of flooding and water scarcity and contributes to global warming. </p><p>Almost half the area of cities is sealed and about 4% of the EU's coastal regions and floodplains are impermeable, jeopardising adaptation to heatwaves and floods and decreasing carbon sequestration.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary left has--align--left has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align left"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/imperviousness-and-imperviousness-change-in-europe" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">See EEA indicator on imperviousness</a></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use/22843951788_45d20833d9_k.jpg/@@images/image/large" class="responsive" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Black and white image of people in a pavement-tiled city square with the sun’s reflection visible at the centre."/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Edgaras Vaicikevicius, My City/EEA</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><h2 id="more-information" data-block="4ac22db0-06a4-4953-9a74-b15b18eba8fb"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#more-information"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>More information</h2><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h4 id="other-topics-you-might-be-interested-in" data-block="6b8296ff-7ddf-4d5a-8861-152f79665e0a"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#other-topics-you-might-be-interested-in"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Other topics you might be interested in:</h4><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/agriculture-and-food">Agriculture and food system</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/biodiversity">Biodiversity: state of habitats and species</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/climate">Climate</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation">Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions">Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry">Forests and forestry</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/nature">Nature</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/nature-protection-and-restoration">Nature protection and restoration</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/soil">Soil</a></li></ul></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h4 id="external-links" data-block="0015cd8a-134e-49ec-897f-46758ba9395d"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use#external-links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>External links:</h4><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://climate-energy.eea.europa.eu/topics/climate-change-mitigation/land-and-forests/data" rel="noopener">Climate and energy portal: Land use and forest data</a></li><li><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/" rel="noopener">Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.espon.eu/" rel="noopener">European Spatial Planning Observation Network</a> (<a href="https://www.espon.eu/" rel="noopener">ESPON)</a></li><li><a href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">European Nature Information System </a>(<a href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">EUNIS)</a></li><li><a href="https://biodiversity.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">Biodiversity Information System for Europe </a>(<a href="https://biodiversity.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">BISE)</a></li><li><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">Forest Information System for Europe </a>(<a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">FISE)</a></li><li><a href="https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020" rel="noopener">Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA)</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><footer id="footer" aria-label="Footer"><div class="footer-wrapper-nobg"><div class="ui container"><div class="subfooter"><div class="ui grid mobile"><div class="four wide computer six wide mobile six wide tablet column mobile"><div class="item"><div class="site logo"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="/static/media/eea-logo-white.da328514.svg" alt="EEA Logo" loading="lazy" class="ui 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You can add new actions and conditions using the buttons below.":"","Save":"","Save recurrence":"","Saved":"","Scheduled":"","Schema":"","Schema updates":"","Search":"","Search SVG":"","Search Site":"","Search block":"","Search button label":"","Search content":"","Search for user or group":"","Search group…":"","Search input label":"","Search results":"","Search results for {term}":"","Search sources by title or path":"","Search targets by title or path":"","Search users…":"","Searched for: \u003Cem\u003E{searchedtext}\u003C\u002Fem\u003E.":"","Second":"","Section title":"","Select":"","Select a date to add to recurrence":"","Select columns to show":"","Select relation":"","Select the transition to be used for modifying the items state.":"","Selected":"","Selected dates":"","Selected items":"","Selected items - x of y":"","Selection":"","Select…":"","Send":"","Send a confirmation mail with a link to set the password.":"","Server Error":"","Set my password":"","Set your password":"","Settings":"","Sharing":"","Sharing for {title}":"","Short Name":"","Short name":"","Show":"","Show All":"","Show Replies":"","Show filters":"","Show groups of users below":"","Show item":"","Show potential sources. Not only objects that are source of some relation.":"","Show potential targets. Not only objects that are target of some relation.":"","Show search button?":"","Show search input?":"","Show sorting?":"","Show total results":"","Shrink sidebar":"","Shrink toolbar":"","Sign in to start session":"","Site Administration":"","Site Setup":"","Sitemap":"","Size: {size}":"","Small":"","Some items are also a folder. By deleting them you will delete {containedItemsToDelete} {variation} inside the folders.":"","Some items are referenced by other contents. By deleting them {brokenReferences} {variation} will be broken.":"","Some relations are broken. Please fix.":"","Sorry, something went wrong with your request":"","Sort By":"","Sort By:":"","Sort on":"","Sort on options":"","Sort transactions by User-Name, Path or Date":"","Sorted":"","Sorted on":"","Source":"","Specify a youtube video or playlist url":"","Split":"","Start Date":"","Start of the recurrence":"","Start password reset":"","State":"","Status":"","Sticky":"","Stop compare":"","String":"","Stripe alternate rows with color":"","Styling":"","Subject":"","Success":"","Successfully Undone Transactions":"","Summary":"","Summary view":"","Switch to":"","Table":"","Table of Contents":"","Tabular view":"","Tags":"","Tags to add":"","Tags to remove":"","Target":"","Target Path (Required)":"","Target memory size per cache in bytes":"","Target number of objects in memory per cache":"","Target url path must start with a slash.":"","Teaser":"","Text":"","Thank you.":"","The Database Manager allow you to view database status information":"","The backend is not responding, due to a server timeout or a connection problem of your device. Please check your connection and try again.":"","The backend is not responding, please check if you have started Plone, check your project's configuration object apiPath (or if you are using the internal proxy, devProxyToApiPath) or the RAZZLE_API_PATH Volto's environment variable.":"","The backend is responding, but the CORS headers are not configured properly and the browser has denied the access to the backend resources.":"","The backend server of your website is not answering, we apologize for the inconvenience. Please try to re-load the page and try again. If the problem persists please contact the site administrators.":"","The button presence disables the live search, the query is issued when you press ENTER":"","The following content rules are active in this Page. Use the content rules control panel to create new rules or delete or modify existing ones.":"","The following list shows which upgrade steps are going to be run. Upgrading sometimes performs a catalog\u002Fsecurity update, which may take a long time on large sites. Be patient.":"","The item could not be deleted.":"","The link address is:":"","The provided alternative url already exists!":"","The registration process has been successful. Please check your e-mail inbox for information on how activate your account.":"","The site configuration is outdated and needs to be upgraded.":"","The working copy was discarded":"","The {plonecms} is {copyright} 2000-{current_year} by the {plonefoundation} and friends.":"","There are no groups with the searched criteria":"","There are no users with the searched criteria":"","There are some errors.":"","There is a configuration problem on the backend":"","There was an error with the upgrade.":"","There were some errors":"","There were some errors.":"","Third":"","This has an ongoing working copy in {title}":"","This is a reserved name and can't be used":"","This is a working copy of {title}":"","This item is also a folder. 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"},{"children":[{"text":"a"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"gricultural, forest and other semi-natural land "}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"taken for urban and other artificial land development) puts pressure on biodiversity, degrades habitats and contributes to "},{"children":[{"text":"issues"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fpublications\u002Fland-take-and-land-degradation"},"type":"link"},{"text":" ranging from carbon sequestration to soil sealing, landscape fragmentation, increased flood risk and urban heat island effects. \r"}],"type":"p"}]},"453c871c-f491-48f7-b2a9-6efa683e52ab":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Assuring that land is used in a sustainable way requires a long-term management perspective leading to a transition to sustainably managed land.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"Assuring that land is used in a sustainable way requires a long-term management perspective leading to a transition to sustainably managed land.\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"5b996692-ff03-43f9-b775-84d3c747d8a0":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" Land use remained relatively stable in the EU , except for artificial surfaces such as built areas and roads, with an increase of over 6% during 2000-2018 .","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Land use remained relatively stable in the EU"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fdata-and-maps\u002Fdashboards\u002Fland-cover-and-change-statistics"},"type":"link"},{"text":", except for "},{"children":[{"text":"artificial surfaces"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" such as built areas and roads, with an increase of over "},{"children":[{"text":"6% during 2000-2018"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fsoer\u002Fpublications\u002Fsoer-2020"},"type":"link"},{"text":". "}],"type":"p"}]},"8b5a0256-4a76-4206-ae0a-e70768f3b088":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Europe is one of the most intensively used landmasses on the globe, with the highest share of land used for agriculture, forests and, to a lesser extent, urban areas and infrastructure. The way we use this invaluable resource has significant impacts on the environment and c limate change .","value":[{"children":[{"text":"Europe is one of the most intensively used landmasses on the globe, with the highest share of land used for agriculture, forests and, to a lesser extent, urban areas and infrastructure. The way we use this invaluable resource has significant impacts on the "},{"children":[{"text":"environment"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" and c"},{"children":[{"text":"limate change"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":". \r"}],"type":"p"}]},"9f9c32d1-eca6-4776-8f9e-1c01dab2909b":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" F orests cover close to 40% of Europe's land area. Besides providing food, fibres and habitats for many species, they contribute to the annual net removals of greenhouse gas. Through its land use, land use change and forestry ( LULUCF ) activities, the EU currently removes a net total of 244 Mt CO 2 e from the atmosphere every year, equivalent to 7% of its annual greenhouse gas emissions. The sector will play a crucial role in helping the EU achieve net zero emissions by 2050.","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"F"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"orests"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" cover close to 40% of Europe's land area. Besides providing food, fibres and habitats for many species, they contribute to the"},{"children":[{"text":" annual net removals of greenhouse gas. "}],"data":{"url":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002Fwww\u002Fen\u002Fanalysis\u002Findicators\u002Fgreenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land"},"type":"link"},{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fdata-and-maps\u002Findicators\u002Fgreenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land\u002Fassessment"},"type":"link"},{"text":"Through its land use, land use change and forestry ("},{"children":[{"text":"LULUCF"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":") activities, the EU currently removes a net total of 244 Mt CO"},{"children":[{"text":"2"}],"type":"sub"},{"text":"e from the atmosphere every year, equivalent to 7% of its annual greenhouse gas emissions. 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The EEA indicator provides more detailed information on greenhouse gas emissions from land use, land use change and forestry activities.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"To support the EU's climate mitigation efforts, the EEA is monitoring the EU's greenhouse gas emissions, which can be found "},{"children":[{"text":"in the EEA data viewer"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fclimate-energy.eea.europa.eu\u002Ftopics\u002Fclimate-change-mitigation\u002Fland-and-forests\u002Fdata"},"type":"link"},{"text":". The "},{"children":[{"text":"EEA indicator"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fdata-and-maps\u002Findicators\u002Fgreenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land\u002Fassessment"},"type":"link"},{"text":" provides more detailed information on greenhouse gas emissions from "},{"children":[{"text":"land use, land use change and forestry"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" activities. 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This is based on data from remote sensing and in situ information, facilitated through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis and documented in the framework of "},{"children":[{"text":"land and ecosystem accounting tools"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fpublications\u002Fland-cover-accounts"},"type":"link"},{"text":".\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"36867e06-3225-4ac3-80d3-007d299fc8c1":{"@type":"callToActionBlock","href":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002Fwww\u002Fen\u002Fabout\u002Fpolicy-corner-eu-policies-we-support","styles":{"align":"right","theme":"secondary"},"text":"See the EU policies we support"},"788e09fc-0a2f-497f-be97-c0c059f05f41":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"The main EEA data source is the Copernicus land monitoring service , which includes the Corine Land Cover data set that was produced for 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018 and is based on cooperation with EEA members and collaborating countries and the Copernicus programme.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"The main EEA data source is the "},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Copernicus land monitoring service"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fland.copernicus.eu\u002Fpan-european"},"type":"link"},{"text":","}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" which includes the "},{"children":[{"text":"Corine Land Cover data set"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" that was produced for 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018 and is based on cooperation with EEA members and collaborating countries and the Copernicus programme.\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"93e4b11b-aed4-4abc-89e7-d17fef3bd18c":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Currently, there is no legally binding policy target in relation to land take and soil sealing at the EU level. 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Almost 80% of land take in urban areas took place in commuting zones , which are often important for wildlife, carbon sequestration, flood protection, and the supply of food and fibres. Commuting zones have much more artificial areas per person than cities, which means that their land use is less efficient. Adding to pressures on nature, habitats in urban areas get fragmented because of land take and, with an average size of 0.25 km², they are about four times smaller than in rural areas.","value":[{"children":[{"children":[{"text":"Between 2012 and 2018, land take in the "},{"children":[{"text":"urban areas"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" of the EU and UK increased by 3,581 km"},{"children":[{"text":"2"}],"type":"sup"},{"text":" and soil sealing increased by an estimated 1,467 km², mostly at the expense of croplands and pastures. "}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"The soil sealing caused a "},{"children":[{"text":"loss of potential carbon sequestration"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":", estimated at 4.2 million tonnes of carbon during the monitoring period.\r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"Almost 80% of land take in urban areas took place in "},{"children":[{"text":"commuting zones"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":", which are often important for wildlife, carbon sequestration, flood protection, and the supply of food and fibres. Commuting zones have much more artificial areas per person than cities, which means that their land use is less efficient. "}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"Adding to pressures on nature, habitats in urban areas get "},{"children":[{"text":"fragmented "}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"because of land take and, with an average size of 0.25 km², they are about four times smaller than in rural areas.\r"}],"type":"li"}],"type":"ul"}]},"89384ad3-2f7c-4759-a223-b130508a6ed3":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" Our analysis shows that","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Our analysis"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fpublications\u002Fland-take-and-land-degradation"},"type":"link"},{"text":" shows that \r"}],"type":"p"}]},"9133e909-d1e5-4776-8931-2b63908533b8":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Constant land take and intensive and unsustainable land use by human activities destroys biodiversity and makes Europe increasingly vulnerable to natural disasters. 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