CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging","20210127075736","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1611734256"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta name="google-signin-client-id" content="721724668570-nbkv1cfusk7kk4eni4pjvepaus73b13t.apps.googleusercontent.com"> <meta name="google-signin-scope" content="profile email"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Firebase"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#039be5"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta content="IE=Edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="manifest" href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/_pwa/firebase/manifest.json" crossorigin="use-credentials"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.gstatic.com/" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://fonts.googleapis.com/" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://apis.google.com/" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.google-analytics.com/" crossorigin> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Google+Sans:400,500|Roboto:400,400italic,500,500italic,700,700italic|Roboto+Mono:400,500,700|Material+Icons"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736cs_/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/css/app.css"> <noscript> </noscript> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736im_/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/favicon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736im_/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/touchicon-180.png"><link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Firebase" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/s/opensearch.xml"> <title>Topic messaging on Android  |  Firebase</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Topic messaging on Android | Firebase"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en">    <meta name="gtm_var" data-key="docType" data-value="how-to"> </head> <body type="article" theme="firebase-theme" class="" layout="docs" pending> <devsite-progress type="indeterminate" id="app-progress"></devsite-progress> <section class="devsite-wrapper"><devsite-header> <div class="devsite-header--inner nocontent"> <div class="devsite-top-logo-row-wrapper-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-top-logo-row-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-top-logo-row"> <button type="button" id="devsite-hamburger-menu" class="devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Navigation menu button" visually-hidden aria-label="Open menu"> </button> <div class="devsite-product-name-wrapper"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/" class="devsite-site-logo-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Site logo" track-type="globalNav" track-name="firebase" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736im_/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/lockup.png" class="devsite-site-logo" alt="Firebase"> </a> <span class="devsite-product-name"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> </li> </ul> </span> </div> <div class="devsite-top-logo-row-middle"> <div class="devsite-header-upper-tabs"> <devsite-tabs class="upper-tabs"> <nav class="devsite-tabs-wrapper" aria-label="Upper tabs"> <tab dropdown> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-build" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="products" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Products"> Products </a> <a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu" role="button" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="products" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Products" tabindex="-1" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-build" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Build" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://firebase.google.com/products-build" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Build </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-release" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Release & Monitor" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://firebase.google.com/products-release" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Release & Monitor </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-engage" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Engage" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://firebase.google.com/products-engage" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Engage </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/use-cases" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="useCases" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Use Cases"> Use Cases </a> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/pricing" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="pricing" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Pricing"> Pricing </a> </tab> <tab active> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="docs" aria-label="Docs, selected" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Docs"> Docs </a> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/community" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="community" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Community"> Community </a> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/support" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="support" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Support"> Support </a> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> <devsite-search aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" enable-signin enable-search enable-suggestions enable-query-completion project-name="Firebase" tenant-name="Firebase" role="combobox"> <form class="devsite-search-form" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/s/results" method="GET"> <div class="devsite-search-container"> <div class="devsite-searchbox"> <input aria-activedescendant="" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-label="Search" aria-haspopup="false" aria-multiline="false" aria-label="Search box" autocomplete="off" class="devsite-search-field devsite-search-query" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value=""> <div class="devsite-search-image material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> <button type="button" search-open class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Open search"></button> </div> </form> <button type="button" search-close class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Close search"></button> </devsite-search> </div> <devsite-language-selector> <devsite-select class="devsite-language-selector-menu"> <select aria-label="Select your language preference." class="devsite-language-selector-select" name="language" track-name="click" track-type="languageSelector"> <option>Language</option> <option value="en" lang="en" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="en" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> English </option> <option value="id" lang="id" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="id" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Bahasa Indonesia </option> <option value="de" lang="de" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="de" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Deutsch </option> <option value="es_419" lang="es_419" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="es_419" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Español – América Latina </option> <option value="fr" lang="fr" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="fr" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Français </option> <option value="it" lang="it" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="it" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Italiano </option> <option value="pl" lang="pl" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="pl" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Polski </option> <option value="pt_br" lang="pt_br" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="pt_br" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Português – Brasil </option> <option value="vi" lang="vi" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="vi" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Tiếng Việt </option> <option value="tr" lang="tr" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="tr" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Türkçe </option> <option value="ru" lang="ru" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ru" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Русский </option> <option value="he" lang="he" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="he" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> עברית' </option> <option value="ar" lang="ar" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ar" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> العربيّة </option> <option value="fa" lang="fa" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="fa" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> فارسی </option> <option value="hi" lang="hi" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="hi" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> हिंदी </option> <option value="bn" lang="bn" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="bn" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> বাংলা </option> <option value="th" lang="th" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="th" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> ภาษาไทย </option> <option value="zh_cn" lang="zh_cn" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="zh_cn" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 中文 – 简体 </option> <option value="zh_tw" lang="zh_tw" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="zh_tw" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 中文 – 繁體 </option> <option value="ja" lang="ja" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ja" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 日本語 </option> <option value="ko" lang="ko" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ko" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 한국어 </option> </select> </devsite-select> </devsite-language-selector> <a class="devsite-header-link devsite-top-button button gc-analytics-event" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://console.firebase.google.com/" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Site header link"> Go to console </a> <devsite-user enable-profiles fp-auth id="devsite-user"></devsite-user> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-collapsible-section "> <div class="devsite-header-background"> <div class="devsite-product-id-row"> <div class="devsite-product-description-row"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Lower Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail=""> Documentation </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-doc-set-nav-row"> <devsite-tabs class="lower-tabs"> <nav class="devsite-tabs-wrapper" aria-label="Lower tabs"> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="overview" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Overview"> Overview </a> </tab> <tab active> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="guides" aria-label="Guides, selected" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Guides"> Guides </a> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="reference" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Reference"> Reference </a> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/samples" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="samples" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Samples"> Samples </a> </tab> <tab> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/libraries" class="gc-analytics-event " track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav" track-name="libraries" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Libraries"> Libraries </a> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> </div> </div> </div> </devsite-header> <devsite-book-nav scrollbars> <nav class="devsite-book-nav devsite-nav nocontent" aria-label="Side menu"> <div class="devsite-mobile-header"> <button type="button" id="devsite-close-nav" class="devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Close navigation" aria-label="Close navigation"> </button> <div class="devsite-product-name-wrapper"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/" class="devsite-site-logo-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Site logo" track-type="globalNav" track-name="firebase" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="nav"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736im_/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/lockup.png" class="devsite-site-logo" alt="Firebase"> </a> <span class="devsite-product-name"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> </li> </ul> </span> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Products" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="products"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Products </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Products"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Products"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Use Cases" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="useCases"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Use Cases </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/pricing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Pricing" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="pricing"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Pricing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Docs" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="docs"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Docs </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="overview"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Guides" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="guides"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="_book"> Guides </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="_book"> </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Reference" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="reference"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Reference </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/samples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Samples" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="samples"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Samples </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/libraries" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Libraries" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="libraries"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Libraries </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/community" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Community" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="community"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Community </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/support" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Support" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="support"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Support </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://console.firebase.google.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Go to console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="goToConsole"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Go to console </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Guides</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started with Firebase</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add Firebase to an app</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add Firebase to a game</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/games/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cpp/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/unity/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add Firebase to a server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Firebase with a framework</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Flutter</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/api/workflow_set-up-and-manage-project" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up projects programmatically</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage your Firebase projects</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/learn-more" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Firebase projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/locations" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Select locations for your project</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/multiprojects" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure multiple projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/api-keys" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Learn about API keys for Firebase</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/pwa" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Firebase in PWAs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export project data to BigQuery</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/manage-installations" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Firebase installations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/import-segments" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import segments</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage projects programmatically</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/api/workflow_set-up-and-manage-project" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the REST API</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Admin SDK</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/admin/node/admin.projectManagement" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Node.js</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/admin/java/reference/com/google/firebase/projectmanagement/package-summary" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Java</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/admin/python/firebase_admin.project_management" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Python</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/provisioning/configure-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure OAuth identity providers for Firebase Auth</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage project access (IAM)</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/overview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Roles</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles-basic" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Owner, Editor, Viewer roles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Firebase predefined roles</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles-predefined" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles-predefined-all-products" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Firebase-level roles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles-predefined-category" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Product-category roles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles-predefined-product" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Product-level roles</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/roles-custom" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom roles</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/iam/permissions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Permissions</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Platforms and frameworks</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/link-firebase-static-dynamic" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Firebase dependencies statically or dynamically</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/app-store-data-collection" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prepare for Apple App Store data disclosure requirements</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/learn-more" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Learn about Android + Firebase</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/android-play-services" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Dependencies of Firebase Android SDKs on Google Play services</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/integrate-play-games" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integrate with your Play Games Services project</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/environments-js-sdk" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Supported environments for the Firebase JS SDK</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prototype and test with Emulator Suite</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect your app and prototype</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite/connect_and_prototype" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite/connect_auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to the Authentication emulator</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite/connect_rtdb" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to the Realtime Database emulator</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite/connect_firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to the Cloud Firestore emulator</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite/connect_functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to the Cloud Functions emulator</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite/install_and_configure" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install, configure and integrate</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analytics</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log Events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/user-properties" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set User Properties</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/debugview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug Events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/screenviews" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Track Screens</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/userid" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set a User ID</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/measure-ecommerce" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure Ecommerce</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/webview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use in a WebView</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/configure-data-collection" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Data Collection and Usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Error Codes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/cpp/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/cpp/events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log Events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/cpp/properties" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set User Properties</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/unity/events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log Events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics/unity/properties" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set User Properties</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extensions</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use an extension in your project</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/overview-use-extensions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/install-extensions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install an extension</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/manage-installed-extensions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage installed extensions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/permissions-granted-to-extension" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Permissions granted to an extension</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build</span></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authentication</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/where-to-start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Where do I start?</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Users in Firebase Projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/firebaseui" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with a pre-built UI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/manage-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/password-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Password Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/email-link-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Email Link Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/google-signin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Sign-In</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/facebook-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Facebook Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/apple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with Apple</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/twitter-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Twitter Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/github-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GitHub</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/microsoft-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/yahoo-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Yahoo</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/game-center" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Game Center Sign-in</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/phone-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Phone Number</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/custom-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Auth System</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/anonymous-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Anonymous Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/single-sign-on" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enabling cross-app authentication with shared iOS Keychain</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Multiple Auth Providers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/passing-state-in-email-actions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Passing State in Email Actions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/ios/errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle Errors</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/firebaseui" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with a pre-built UI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started with the Firebase SDK</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/manage-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/password-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Password Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/email-link-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Email Link Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/google-signin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Sign-In</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/facebook-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Facebook Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/apple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with Apple</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/twitter-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/github-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GitHub</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/microsoft-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/yahoo-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Yahoo</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/play-games" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Play Games Sign-in</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/phone-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Phone Number</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/custom-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Auth System</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/anonymous-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Anonymous Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Multiple Auth Providers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/passing-state-in-email-actions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Passing State in Email Actions</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/firebaseui" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with a pre-built UI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/manage-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/password-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Password Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/email-link-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Email Link Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/google-signin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Sign-In</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/facebook-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Facebook Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/apple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with Apple</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/twitter-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/github-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GitHub</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/microsoft-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/yahoo-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Yahoo</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/phone-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Phone Number</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/custom-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Auth System</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/anonymous-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Anonymous Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Multiple Auth Providers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/cordova" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>OAuth Sign-In for Cordova</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/auth-state-persistence" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Auth State Persistence</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/passing-state-in-email-actions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Passing State in Email Actions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/web/service-worker-sessions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Service Worker Sessions</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/manage-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/password-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Password Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/google-signin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Sign-in</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/play-games" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Play Games Sign-in</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/github-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GitHub</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/facebook-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Facebook Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/apple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with Apple</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/twitter-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Twitter Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/microsoft-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/yahoo-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Yahoo</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/phone-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Phone Number</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/custom-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Auth System</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/anonymous-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Anonymous Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/cpp/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Multiple Auth Providers</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/manage-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/password-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Password Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/google-signin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Sign-in</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/play-games" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Play Games Sign-in</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/github-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GitHub Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/facebook-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Facebook Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/apple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sign in with Apple</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/twitter-login" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Twitter Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/microsoft-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/yahoo-oauth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Yahoo</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/phone-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Phone Number</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/custom-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Auth System</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/anonymous-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Anonymous Authentication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/unity/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Multiple Auth Providers</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Admin</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/manage-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/import-users" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/create-custom-tokens" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Custom Tokens</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/verify-id-tokens" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Verify ID Tokens</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/manage-sessions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage User Sessions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/manage-cookies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Session Cookies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/custom-claims" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control Access with Custom Claims</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/email-action-links" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Generating Email Action Links</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/migrate-admin" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migration Guide</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/custom-email-handler" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize the Email Action Handler</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/case-studies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case Studies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/limits" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage Limits</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Realtime Database</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rtdb-vs-firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a Database</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/ios/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/ios/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/ios/read-and-write" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Read and Write Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/ios/lists-of-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with Lists of Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/ios/offline-capabilities" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable Offline Capabilities</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/read-and-write" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Read and Write Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/lists-of-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with Lists of Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/offline-capabilities" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable Offline Capabilities</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/web/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/web/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/web/read-and-write" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Read and Write Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/web/lists-of-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with Lists of Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/web/offline-capabilities" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable Offline Capabilities</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Admin</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/admin/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/admin/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/admin/save-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Save Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/admin/retrieve-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Retrieve Data</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rest/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rest/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rest/save-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Save Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rest/retrieve-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Retrieve Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rest/auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authenticate REST Requests</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/cpp/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/cpp/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/cpp/save-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Save Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/cpp/retrieve-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Retrieve Data</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/unity/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/unity/save-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Save Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/unity/retrieve-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Retrieve Data</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Security & Rules</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/security" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/security/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/security/core-syntax" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/security/rules-conditions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Write Conditions for Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/security/indexing-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Index Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/rest/app-management" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Rules via REST</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage and Performance</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/billing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Billing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/limits" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Realtime Database Limits</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/monitor-usage" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor Database Usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/monitor-performance" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor Database Performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/sharding" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale with Multiple Databases</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/profile" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profile Your Database</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/optimize" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Database Performance</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/backups" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automated Backups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/video-series" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Video series: Firebase for SQL Developers</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Firestore</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quickstart" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Cloud Firestore</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/rtdb-vs-firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Compare Cloud Firestore and Realtime Database</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/data-model" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data model</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/data-types" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data types</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/client/libraries" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SDKs and client libraries</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/index-overview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Index types</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/locations" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Database locations</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add and manage data</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/structure-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/add-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/transactions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transactions and batched writes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/transaction-data-contention" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data contention in transaction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/delete-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/using-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Cloud Firestore with the Firebase Console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/export-import" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export and import data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/move-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move data between projects</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Read data</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/get-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get data once</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/listen" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Listen for realtime updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/queries" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform simple and compound queries</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/order-limit-data" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Order and limit data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/query-cursors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Paginate data with query cursors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/enable-offline" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access data offline</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/query-data/indexing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage indexes</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Secure and validate data</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/overview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/rules-structure" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/rules-conditions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Writing conditions for Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/insecure-rules" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fix insecure rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/test-rules-emulator" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/rules-query" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Securely query data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/security/rules-fields" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control access per field</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solutions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/aggregation" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Aggregation Queries</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/counters" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distributed counters</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/search" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Full-text search</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/presence" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build presence</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/role-based-access" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Secure data access for users and groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/delete-collections" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete data with a callable Cloud Function</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/schedule-export" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule data exports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/shard-timestamp" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sharded timestamps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/geoqueries" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Geo queries</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/automate-database-create" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automating database creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/solutions/index-map-field" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce index costs with map fields</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage, limits, and pricing</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage and limits</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/monitor-usage" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/pricing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Cloud Firestore billing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/billing-example" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Example Cloud Firestore costs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/storage-size" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand storage size calculations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for Cloud Firestore</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Firestore integrations</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/use-rest-api" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Cloud Firestore REST API</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/firestore-for-rtdb" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Cloud Firestore and Realtime Database</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/library-integrations" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Third-party library integrations</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/firestore/package-summary" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/swift/firebasefirestore/api/reference/Classes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS — Swift</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/ios/firebasefirestore/api/reference/Classes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS — Objective-C</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/js/firebase.firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/functions/providers_firestore_" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://googleapis.dev/nodejs/firestore/latest/" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Node.js</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/admin/java/reference/com/google/firebase/cloud/FirestoreClient" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Java</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/admin/python/firebase_admin.firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Python</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://godoc.org/cloud.google.com/go/firestore" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Go</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://googleapis.github.io/google-cloud-dotnet/docs/Google.Cloud.Firestore/" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C#</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://googleapis.github.io/google-cloud-php/#/docs/cloud-firestore/latest/firestore/readme" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>PHP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://googleapis.github.io/google-cloud-ruby/docs/google-cloud-firestore/latest/Google/Firestore/V1beta1" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Ruby</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/reference/rest" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/reference/rpc" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>RPC</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Samples</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/client/samples-ios" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/client/samples-android" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/client/samples-web" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Storage</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/create-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/upload-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upload Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/download-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Download Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/file-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use File Metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/delete-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/list-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>List Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/ios/handle-errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle Errors</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/create-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/upload-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upload Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/download-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Download Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/file-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use File Metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/delete-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/list-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>List Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/android/handle-errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle Errors</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/create-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/upload-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upload Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/download-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Download Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/file-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use File Metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/delete-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/list-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>List Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle Errors</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Admin</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/admin/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/create-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/upload-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upload Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/download-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Download Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/file-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use File Metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/delete-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/cpp/handle-errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle Errors</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/create-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/upload-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upload Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/download-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Download Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/file-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use File Metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/delete-files" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete Files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/unity/handle-errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle Errors</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Security & Rules</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/security" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Security</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/security/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/security/core-syntax" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/security/rules-conditions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Write Conditions for Security Rules</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/monitor-storage" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor activity</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/gcp-integration" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integrate with Google Cloud</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Hosting</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What can you do with Firebase Hosting?</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/quickstart" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/test-preview-deploy" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test, preview, then deploy</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/github-integration" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy via GitHub pull requests</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/multisites" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Share project resources across multiple sites</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/custom-domain" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect a custom domain</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/full-config" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure hosting behavior</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/i18n-rewrites" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure i18n rewrites</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/reserved-urls" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add SDKs using reserved URLs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Serve dynamic content and host microservices</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/serverless-overview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Cloud Functions for Firebase</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/cloud-run" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Cloud Run</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/manage-cache" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage cache behavior</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/manage-hosting-resources" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage live & preview channels, releases, and versions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/web-request-logs-and-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor web request data with Cloud Logging</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage, quotas, and pricing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/api-deploy" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy using the REST API</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Functions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What can I do with Cloud Functions?</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/beta-v1-diff" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade to v1.0+ from beta</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Call functions directly</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/callable" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Call functions from your app</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/http-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Call functions via HTTP requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/schedule-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run functions on a schedule</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Trigger background functions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/firestore-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Firestore triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/database-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Realtime Database triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/rc-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remote Config triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/auth-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authentication triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/analytics-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analytics triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-deprecated"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/crashlytics-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Crashlytics triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="deprecated" data-title="Deprecated" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/gcp-storage-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Storage triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/pubsub-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Pub/Sub triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/test-lab-events" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Lab triggers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Write functions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/manage-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage deployment and runtime options</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/typescript" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Write functions in TypeScript</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/terminate-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sync, async, and promises</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/retries" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Retry asynchronous functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/config-env" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Environment configuration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/organize-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Organize functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/handle-dependencies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handling dependencies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/networking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimizing networking</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/tips" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Tips & tricks</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test functions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/local-emulator" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run functions locally</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/unit-testing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unit testing functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/local-shell" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test functions interactively</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor functions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/writing-and-viewing-logs" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Write and view logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/reporting-errors" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Report errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/monitored-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View monitored metrics</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API Reference</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Firebase SDK for Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/functions/test" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test SDK</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/callable-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protocol specification for https.onCall</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/video-series" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Video Series: learn Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/functions-and-firebase" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Functions and Firebase</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/locations" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Functions locations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/quotas" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Quotas and limits</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine Learning</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/codelabs" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Codelabs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Vision</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Recognize text</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/recognize-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/recognize-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/recognize-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Label images</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/label-images" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/label-images" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/label-images" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Recognize landmarks</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/recognize-landmarks" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/recognize-landmarks" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/recognize-landmarks" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>AutoML Vision Edge</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/automl-image-labeling" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/train-image-labeler" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Train image labeling models</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Label images with your models</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/label-images-with-automl" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/label-images-with-automl" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/train-object-detector" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Train object detection models</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detect objects with your models</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/detect-objects-with-automl" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/detect-objects-with-automl" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/migrate-automl-datasets" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate datasets</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom Models</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a custom model</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/use-custom-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/use-custom-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/use-custom-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/manage-hosted-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy & manage custom models</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate from the legacy API</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/migrate-from-legacy-api" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/migrate-from-legacy-api" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced Topics</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>A/B test two versions of a model</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/ab-test-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/ab-test-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prepare for Production</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protect your Cloud credentials</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/ios/secure-api-key" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml/android/secure-api-key" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Legacy Documentation</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ML Kit for Firebase</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Vision</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Recognize text</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/recognize-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/recognize-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/recognize-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detect faces</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/detect-faces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/face-detection-concepts" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Concepts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/detect-faces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/detect-faces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scan barcodes</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/read-barcodes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/read-barcodes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/read-barcodes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Label images</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/label-images" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/label-images" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/label-images" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detect and track objects</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/object-detection" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/detect-objects" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/detect-objects" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Recognize landmarks</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/recognize-landmarks" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/recognize-landmarks" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/recognize-landmarks" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>AutoML Vision Edge</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/automl-image-labeling" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/train-image-labeler" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Train image labeling models</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Label images with your models</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/label-images-with-automl" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/label-images-with-automl" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/migrate-automl-datasets" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate datasets</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Natural Language</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Identify the language of text</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/identify-languages" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/identify-languages" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/identify-languages" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Translate text</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/translation" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/translate-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/translate-text" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/translation-terms" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage guidelines</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Generate smart replies</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/generate-smart-replies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/generate-smart-replies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/generate-smart-replies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom Models</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a custom model</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/use-custom-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/use-custom-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/use-custom-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/manage-hosted-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage hosted custom models</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a custom TensorFlow Lite build</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/use-custom-tflite" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/use-custom-tflite" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced Topics</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>A/B test two versions of a model</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/ab-test-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/ab-test-models" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prepare for Production</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce app package size</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/reduce-app-size" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protect your Cloud credentials</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/ios/secure-api-key" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml-kit/android/secure-api-key" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Security Rules</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand Security Rules</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/rules-language" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Security Rules language</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/rules-behavior" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How Security Rules work</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/rules-and-auth" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Security Rules and Firebase Authentication</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Write Security Rules</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/basics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Basic Security Rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/insecure-rules" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Avoid insecure rules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/data-validation" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data validation</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Security Rules</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/emulator-setup" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up the emulator</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/unit-tests" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build unit tests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/emulator-reports" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Generate test reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/simulator" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Quickly validate Security Rules</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules/manage-deploy" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage and deploy Security Rules</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Release & Monitor</span></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Crashlytics</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/start-using-analytics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get metrics with Google Analytics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/test-implementation" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your implementation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/customize-crash-reports" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize crash reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-deobfuscated-reports" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get deobfuscated crash reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/ndk-reports" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Android NDK crash reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/velocity-alerts" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize velocity alerts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export data to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>From Fabric to Firebase</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/migration-post-linking" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Steps after migrating your app</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/upgrade-sdk" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade to the Firebase Crashlytics SDK</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/switch-to-analytics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Switch from Answers to Analytics</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance Monitoring</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/get-started-ios" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/get-started-android" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/get-started-web" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Learn about automatically collected data</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/app-start-foreground-background-traces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App start, foreground, background (iOS & Android)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/screen-traces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Screen rendering (iOS & Android)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/page-load-traces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Page loading (web)</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/network-traces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>HTTP/S network requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize data collection and aggregation</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/custom-code-traces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add monitoring for specific code</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/custom-network-traces" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add monitoring for specific network requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/custom-url-patterns" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom URL patterns</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/disable-sdk" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disable Performance Monitoring</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Track, view, and filter data</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview of the console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/attributes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Filter data using attributes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/issue-management" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View performance issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export data to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-break"></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting & FAQ</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Lab</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/ios/firebase-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/ios/command-line" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the gcloud CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/game-loop" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Game Loop test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/ios/analyzing-results" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze test results</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/ios/available-testing-devices" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test on available devices</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/overview" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/firebase-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/command-line" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the gcloud CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/continuous" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with CI systems</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/android-studio" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with Android Studio</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/analyzing-results" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze test results</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/available-testing-devices" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test on available devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/instrumentation-test" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run an instrumentation test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/robo-ux-test" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Robo test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/game-loop" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Game Loop test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/test-screenshots" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Take screenshots in a test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/android/avds" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with virtual devices</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/usage-quotas-pricing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage, quotas, & pricing</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST API reference</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/reference/testing/rest" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Testing (submit test & monitor)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab/reference/toolresults/rest" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ToolResults (retrieve results)</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Distribution</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/manage-testers" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage testers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up for testers</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/ios/set-up-for-testing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/android/set-up-for-testing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distribute iOS apps</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-cli" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-fastlane" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use fastlane</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/set-up-alerts" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up in-app alerts</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distribute Android apps</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-cli" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-fastlane" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use fastlane</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-gradle" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Gradle</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Engage</span></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Predictions</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/predefined-predictions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Churn and spend predictions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export prediction data to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use case examples</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/use-cases/prevent-churn" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prevent churn</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-break"></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Legacy Predictions (deprecated)</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/v1" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/v1/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Cases</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/use-cases/prevent-churn" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prevent Churn</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-break"></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/v1/explore-predictions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore Prediction Results</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/v1/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export Prediction Data to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/v1/predefined-predictions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Churn and Spend Predictions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/predictions/v1/risk-profiles" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Risk Tolerance and Model Performance</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>A/B Testing</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing/abtest-config" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Remote Config Experiments with A/B Testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing/abtest-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Messaging Experiments with A/B Testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing/abtest-inappmessaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create In-App Messaging Experiments with A/B Testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing/video-series" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Video Series: Learn A/B Testing</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Messaging</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/fcm-architecture" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>FCM Architectural Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About FCM messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/client" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an iOS client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/certs" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configuring APNs with FCM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-multiple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to multiple devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-image" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send an image in the notification payload</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/client" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an Android client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-multiple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to multiple devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-image" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send an image in the notification payload</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/upstream" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/client" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a C++ client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/upstream" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/client" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a Unity client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/upstream" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web (JavaScript)</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/client" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a JavaScript client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-multiple" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to multiple devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/js/case-studies" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case studies</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Server environments</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/server" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Your server environment and FCM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate to the HTTP v1 API</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/auth-server" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authorize send requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build send requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/receive-upstream" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/manage-topics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage topics from the server</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/understand-delivery" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understanding message delivery</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>In-App Messaging</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging/explore-use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore use cases</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging/compose-campaign" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Compose a campaign</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging/modify-message-behavior" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify message behavior</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging/customize-messages" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize messages</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remote Config</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What can I do with Remote Config?</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remote Config use cases</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Key concepts and strategies</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/parameters" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Parameters and conditions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/templates" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Templates and versioning</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/loading" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Config loading strategies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/propagate-updates-realtime" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Propagate updates in real time</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/config-analytics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remote Config and Analytics</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/use-config-ios" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started with Remote Config on iOS</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/use-config-android" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started with Remote Config on Android</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web (JavaScript)</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/use-config-web" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started with Remote Config on Web</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/use-config-cpp" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Remote Config with C++</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/use-config-unity" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Remote Config with Unity</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/automate-rc" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify Remote Config programmatically</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/remote-config/rest" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST API reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config/condition-reference" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Conditional expression reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/remoteconfig/package-summary" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android SDK reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/swift/firebaseremoteconfig/api/reference/Classes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS Swift SDK reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/ios/firebasecore/api/reference/Classes" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS Obj-C SDK reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/unity/namespace/firebase/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/cpp/namespace/firebase/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++ reference</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Dynamic Links</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Cases</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/use-cases/web-to-app" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Convert Web Users To App Users</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/use-cases/user-to-user" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Invite Users to Your App</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/use-cases/rewarded-referral" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reward User Referrals</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/operating-system-integrations" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Operating System Integrations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Dynamic Links</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/create-links" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/ios/create" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/android/create" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/cpp/create" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/unity/create" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/rest" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/create-manually" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manual URL Construction</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive Dynamic Links</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/ios/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/android/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/cpp/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/unity/receive" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/custom-domains" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Domain</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/analytics" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View Analytics Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/debug" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug Dynamic Links</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links/link-previews" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Previews & Social Metadata</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google AdMob</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob/ios/quick-start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started for iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob/android/quick-start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started for Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob/analytics-and-firebase" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Analytics and Firebase with AdMob apps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use AdMob in a game</span></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob/cpp/quick-start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob/cpp/cocos2d-x" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cocos2d-x</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob/cpp/rewarded-video" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rewarded video</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developers.google.com/admob/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Ads</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/ads" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Indexing</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/ios/app" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/ios/test" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Your Implementation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/ios/measure" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enhance Search Performance</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><devsite-expandable-nav collapsed> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/android/app" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/android/public-content" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Refine Public Content Indexing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/android/log-actions" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log User Actions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/android/test" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Your Implementation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/android/measure" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enhance Search Performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-indexing/android/migrate" class="devsite-nav-title"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate to the Latest API</span></a></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li></ul></devsite-expandable-nav></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Products" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Build" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="build"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Build </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-release" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Release & Monitor" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="release&Monitor"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Release & Monitor </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/products-engage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Engage" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="engage"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Engage </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-toc> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav"></devsite-toc> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"><style> /* Styles inlined from /styles/docs.css */ .center { text-align: center } /* Used in AdMob code examples */ .oldcode { opacity: .40; /* IE 8 */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=40)"; filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=40); /* IE <= 7 */ filter:alpha(opacity=40); } .newcode { font-weight: bold; } /* Device Screenshots */ .deviceshot { max-width: 700px; max-height: 400px; } /* Start Changelog styles */ .badge { position: relative; top: -3px; border-radius: 16px; display: inline-block; width: 90px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center; } /* Colours for each type of changelog entry. */ /* TODO: Change the colours to match the site colour scheme */ .badge-changed { background-color: #F4B400; color: #fff; } .badge-fixed { background-color: #4285F4; color: #fff; } .badge-important { background-color: #DB4437; color: #fff; } .badge-feature { background-color: #0F9D58; color: #fff; } .badge-deprecated { background-color: #DB4437; color: #fff; } .badge-issue { background-color: #DB4437; color: #fff; } .changelog > ul { padding-left: 0; } .changelog > ul > li { list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 22px; } .firebase-support-release-page .changelog > ul { list-style-type: none; padding-left: 110px; } .release-changed::before, .release-feature::before, .release-fixed::before, .release-issue::before, .release-deprecated::before, .release-removed::before, .release-unchanged::before, .release-rules::before, .release-android::before, .release-android-bom::before, .release-ios::before, .release-admin::before, .release-cpp::before, .release-unity::before, .release-functions::before, .release-javascript::before { display: block; float: left; color: white; width: 100px; height: 32px; margin-left: -110px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: -5px; padding-top: 4px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center; border-radius: 16px; } .release-changed::before { content: "changed"; background-color: #F4B400; } .release-feature::before { content: "feature"; background-color: #0F9D58; } .release-fixed::before { content: "fixed"; background-color: #4285F4; } .release-issue::before { content: "issue"; background-color: #DB4437; } .release-deprecated::before { content: "deprecated"; background-color: #E65100; } .release-removed::before { content: "removed"; background-color: #546E7A; } .release-unchanged::before { content: "no change"; background-color: #CCCCCC; } .release-android::before { content: "android"; background-color: #A4C639; } .release-android-bom::before { content: "android bom"; background-color: #A4C639; } .release-ios::before { text-transform: none; content: "iOS"; background-color: #007aff; } .release-admin::before { content: "admin"; background-color: #039BE5; } .release-cpp::before { content: "c++"; background-color: #FF8A65; } .release-unity::before { content: "unity"; background-color: #00cccc; } .release-functions::before { content: "functions"; background-color: #2C384A; } .release-javascript::before { content: "javascript"; background-color: #7e57c2; } .release-rules::before { content: "rules"; background-color: #1B3A57; } /* End Changelog styles */ /* Docs Overview page styles */ .docs-android, .docs-ios, .docs-web, .docs-cpp, .docs-unity { height: 64px; width: 64px; margin: 10px 16px 0 -16px; } .firebase-docs-overview .devsite-landing-row h2 { margin: 80px 0 -40px; } .devsite-landing-row-3-up .docs-landing-row-item { width: calc((100% - 80px)/2); display: inline-block; } .docs-landing-icon { font-size: 48px; height: 48px; margin: 11px; width: 48px; } .firebase-reference-list { display: -ms-flex; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 40px; padding: 0; } .firebase-reference-list-item { -ms-flex: 0 0 50%; flex: 0 0 50%; margin: 40px 0 0; padding: 0; } .firebase-reference-list-item > a { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flex; display: flex; } .firebase-reference-list-item > a:not(:hover) h3 { color: #424242; } .firebase-reference-list-item > a:not(:hover) li, .firebase-reference-list-item > a:not(:hover) p { color: #757575; } .firebase-reference-list-item .docs-landing-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #f5f5f5; border-radius: 50%; -ms-flex: 0 0 88px; flex: 0 0 88px; height: 88px; -ms-justify-content: center; justify-content: center; margin: 0 16px 0 0; padding: 20px; } .firebase-reference-list-item h3 { -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0; } .firebase-reference-list-item ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; } .docs-android, .docs-ios, .docs-web, .docs-cpp, .docs-unity { height: 88px; width: auto; } .firebase-reference-list-item.docs-android .docs-landing-icon { color: #00bfa5; } .firebase-reference-list-item.docs-cpp .docs-landing-icon { color: #fd8c09; } .firebase-reference-list-item.docs-ios .docs-landing-icon { color: #16aaca; } .firebase-reference-list-item.docs-unity .docs-landing-icon { color: #000000; } .firebase-reference-list-item.docs-web .docs-landing-icon { color: #c52062; } .firebase-reference-list-item.docs-http .docs-landing-icon { color: #3F51B5; } @media (max-width: 1000px) { .firebase-reference-list { -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } } /* end Docs Overview page styles */ /* Full-page platform selector for Crashlytics docs */ /* Note: h3 in selector content must include hide-from-toc */ .full-page-selector, .full-page-selector-content { border: none; font-size: inherit; } .full-page-selector > .kd-buttonbar { margin: 32px 0px; } .full-page-selector > section { display: none; } .full-page-selector-content > .selected { padding: 0; font-size: inherit; } .full-page-selector-content > .kd-buttonbar { display: none; } .select-page { display: none; } .select-page + .ds-selector-tabs, .after-selection ~ .ds-selector-tabs { border: none; font-size: inherit; } .select-page + .ds-selector-tabs > .kd-buttonbar { margin: 32px 0px; } .select-page + .ds-selector-tabs > section { display: none; } .after-selection ~ .ds-selector-tabs > .selected { padding: 0; font-size: inherit; } .after-selection ~ .ds-selector-tabs > section p { line-height: 24px; } .after-selection ~ .ds-selector-tabs > .kd-buttonbar { display: none; } /* End full-page platform selector */ /* Custom beta and alpha indicators (v1 format, followed by v2 format) */ .devsite-nav-alpha .devsite-nav-icon::before, .devsite-nav-icon[data-icon="alpha"]::before { content: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'); } .devsite-nav-beta .devsite-nav-icon::before, .devsite-nav-icon[data-icon="beta"]::before { content: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTgiIGhlaWdodD0iMTgiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxOCAxOCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMTIuMjM2IDcuNjgzQTQgNCAwIDAgMSAxMCAxNUg3djJINVY0YTIgMiAwIDAgMSAyLTJoMi41YTMuNSAzLjUgMCAwIDEgMi43MzYgNS42ODN6TTcgMTNoM2EyIDIgMCAxIDAgMC00SDd2NHptMC02aDIuNWExLjUgMS41IDAgMCAwIDAtM0g3djN6IiBmaWxsPSJyZ2JhKDAsMCwwLC4zOCkiIGZpbGwtcnVsZT0ibm9uemVybyIvPjwvc3ZnPg=='); } .firebase-platform-label { font: 500 12px/24px Roboto,sans-serif; } /* Full-page platform selector dropdown */ /* Note: use menu variables in _elements.html file */ .full-page-selector-dropdown { border: none; position: relative; float: left; display: inline-block; } .full-page-selector-dropdown > .ds-selector-tabs { display: none; position: absolute; min-width: 160px; z-index: 1; } .full-page-selector-dropdown:hover .ds-selector-tabs { display: block; margin: 0; } .full-page-selector-dropdown:hover .kd-tabbutton { display: block; border: none; height: inherit; text-align: left; } .full-page-selector-dropdown:hover .kd-buttonbar { border: none; height: inherit; } .full-page-selector-dropdown h3:hover { color: white; background-color: #039be5; } .full-page-selector-dropdown:hover .devsite-overflow-menu-button { display: none; } </style> <div class="devsite-banner devsite-banner-announcement"> <div class="devsite-banner-message"> <div class="devsite-banner-message-text"> <style> .devsite-banner-announcement:not(.devsite-banner-tenant) { background: #202124; color: white; font-weight: 500; } .devsite-banner-announcement a { color: white; font-weight: 700; } .devsite-banner-announcement a:link, .devsite-banner-announcement a:visited { background: 0; } .devsite-banner-announcement a:hover, .devsite-banner-announcement a:focus { text-decoration: none; } .devsite-banner-announcement .devsite-banner-message-text { margin: 0 auto; } </style> Google is committed to advancing racial equity for Black communities. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://google.com/racialequity" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="Announcement" data-label="Racial Equity">See how.</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-article-meta" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Firebase"> Firebase </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail=""> Docs </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail=""> Guides </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-page-rating position="header" selected-rating="0" hover-rating-star="0"> </devsite-page-rating> </div> <devsite-feedback position="header" project-name="Firebase" product-id="719752" bucket="" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20210114-r02-rc00.432497685912973661" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" project-feedback-url="https://firebase.google.com/support/contact/bugs-features/" project-icon="https://firebase.google.com/_static/firebase/images/logo.png" project-support-url="https://firebase.google.com/support/" feedback-type="star-rating"> <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title">Topic messaging on Android</h1> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" devsite-toc-embedded> </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>Based on the publish/subscribe model, FCM topic messaging allows you to send a message to multiple devices that have opted in to a particular topic. You compose topic messages as needed, and FCM handles routing and delivering the message reliably to the right devices.</p> <p>For example, users of a local tide forecasting app could opt in to a "tidal currents alerts" topic and receive notifications of optimal saltwater fishing conditions in specified areas. Users of a sports app could subscribe to automatic updates in live game scores for their favorite teams.</p> <p>Some things to keep in mind about topics:</p> <ul> <li>Topic messaging is best suited for content such as weather, or other publicly available information.</li> <li>Topic messages are <b>optimized for throughput rather than latency</b>. For fast, secure delivery to single devices or small groups of devices, <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message#send_messages_to_specific_devices"> target messages to registration tokens</a>, not topics.</li> <li>If you need to send messages to multiple devices <i>per user</i>, consider <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message#send_messages_to_device_groups"> device group messaging</a> for those use cases.</li> <li>Topic messaging supports unlimited subscriptions for each topic. However, FCM enforces limits in these areas: <ul><li>One app instance can be subscribed to no more than 2000 topics.</li> <li>If you are using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developers.google.com/instance-id/reference/server#manage_relationship_maps_for_multiple_app_instances">batch import</a> to subscribe app instances, each request is limited to 1000 app instances.</li> <li>The frequency of new subscriptions is rate-limited per project. If you send too many subscription requests in a short period of time, FCM servers will respond with a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">429 RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED</code> ("quota exceeded") response. Retry with exponential backoff.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <h2 id="subscribe_the_client_app_to_a_topic" data-text="Subscribe the client app to a topic">Subscribe the client app to a topic</h2> <p>Client apps can subscribe to any existing topic, or they can create a new topic. When a client app subscribes to a new topic name (one that does not already exist for your Firebase project), a new topic of that name is created in FCM and any client can subsequently subscribe to it.</p> <p>To subscribe to a topic, the client app calls Firebase Cloud Messaging <code translate="no" dir="ltr">subscribeToTopic()</code> with the FCM topic name. This method returns a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Task</code>, which can be used by a completion listener to determine whether the subscription succeeded:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs"> <section> <h3 id="java" data-text="Java"><span class="two-line-tab"><span tab-label="Android">Java</span></span></h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-java" translate="no" dir="ltr" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/java/MainActivity.java" data-region-tag="subscribe_topics">FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic("weather") .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { String msg = getString(R.string.msg_subscribed); if (!task.isSuccessful()) { msg = getString(R.string.msg_subscribe_failed); } Log.d(TAG, msg); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } });<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/quickstart-android/blob/3ff015bdd4caa391ef1b0ab553f18c3df761f98b/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/java/MainActivity.java#L78-L89" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/java/MainActivity.java#subscribe_topics">MainActivity.java</a></div></pre> </section> <section> <h3 id="kotlin+ktx" data-text="Kotlin+KTX"><span class="two-line-tab"><span tab-label="Android">Kotlin+KTX</span></span></h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-kotlin" translate="no" dir="ltr" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/kotlin/MainActivity.kt" data-region-tag="subscribe_topics">Firebase.messaging.subscribeToTopic("weather") .addOnCompleteListener { task -> var msg = getString(R.string.msg_subscribed) if (!task.isSuccessful) { msg = getString(R.string.msg_subscribe_failed) } Log.d(TAG, msg) Toast.makeText(baseContext, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/quickstart-android/blob/3ff015bdd4caa391ef1b0ab553f18c3df761f98b/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/kotlin/MainActivity.kt#L52-L60" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/kotlin/MainActivity.kt#subscribe_topics">MainActivity.kt</a></div></pre> </section> </div> <p>To unsubscribe, the client app calls Firebase Cloud Messaging <code translate="no" dir="ltr">unsubscribeFromTopic()</code> with the topic name.</p> <h2 id="manage_topic_subscriptions_on_the_server" data-text="Manage topic subscriptions on the server">Manage topic subscriptions on the server</h2> <p>The <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup">Firebase Admin SDK</a> allows you to perform basic topic management tasks from the server side. Given their registration token(s), you can subscribe and unsubscribe client app instances in bulk using server logic.</p> <p>You can subscribe client app instances to any existing topic, or you can create a new topic. When you use the API to subscribe a client app to a new topic (one that does not already exist for your Firebase project), a new topic of that name is created in FCM and any client can subsequently subscribe to it.</p> <p>You can pass a list of registration tokens to the Firebase Admin SDK subscription method to subscribe the corresponding devices to a topic:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="node.js" data-text="Node.js">Node.js</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. var registrationTokens = [ 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1', // ... 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n' ]; // Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the // topic. admin.messaging().subscribeToTopic(registrationTokens, topic) .then(function(response) { // See the MessagingTopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. console.log('Successfully subscribed to topic:', response); }) .catch(function(error) { console.log('Error subscribing to topic:', error); }); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="java_1" data-text="Java">Java</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList( "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1", // ... "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n" ); // Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the // topic. TopicManagementResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic( registrationTokens, topic); // See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " tokens were subscribed successfully"); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="python" data-text="Python">Python</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"># These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. registration_tokens = [ 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1', # ... 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n', ] # Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the # topic. response = messaging.subscribe_to_topic(registration_tokens, topic) # See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation # for the contents of response. print(response.success_count, 'tokens were subscribed successfully') </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="go" data-text="Go">Go</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. registrationTokens := []string{ "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1", // ... "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n", } // Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the // topic. response, err := client.SubscribeToTopic(ctx, registrationTokens, topic) if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } // See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. fmt.Println(response.SuccessCount, "tokens were subscribed successfully") </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="c" data-text="C#">C#</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. var registrationTokens = new List<string>() { "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1", // ... "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n", }; // Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the // topic var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SubscribeToTopicAsync( registrationTokens, topic); // See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} tokens were subscribed successfully");<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/blob/f6babbd4e59655f01be4a43230b5be198fc4f8cd/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs#L327-L341" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs#subscribe_to_topic" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs" data-region-tag="subscribe_to_topic">FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs</a></div> </code></pre></section> </div><aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> To use the Admin FCM API, you must first follow the steps in <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup">Add the Firebase Admin SDK to your Server</a> to initialize the SDK.</span></aside> <p>The Admin FCM API also allows you to unsubscribe devices from a topic by passing registration tokens to the appropriate method:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="node.js_1" data-text="Node.js">Node.js</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. var registrationTokens = [ 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1', // ... 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n' ]; // Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from // the topic. admin.messaging().unsubscribeFromTopic(registrationTokens, topic) .then(function(response) { // See the MessagingTopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. console.log('Successfully unsubscribed from topic:', response); }) .catch(function(error) { console.log('Error unsubscribing from topic:', error); }); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="java_2" data-text="Java">Java</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList( "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1", // ... "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n" ); // Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from // the topic. TopicManagementResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().unsubscribeFromTopic( registrationTokens, topic); // See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " tokens were unsubscribed successfully"); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="python_1" data-text="Python">Python</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"># These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. registration_tokens = [ 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1', # ... 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n', ] # Unubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from the # topic. response = messaging.unsubscribe_from_topic(registration_tokens, topic) # See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation # for the contents of response. print(response.success_count, 'tokens were unsubscribed successfully') </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="go_1" data-text="Go">Go</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. registrationTokens := []string{ "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1", // ... "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n", } // Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from // the topic. response, err := client.UnsubscribeFromTopic(ctx, registrationTokens, topic) if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } // See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. fmt.Println(response.SuccessCount, "tokens were unsubscribed successfully") </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="c_1" data-text="C#">C#</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs. var registrationTokens = new List<string>() { "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1", // ... "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n", }; // Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from the // topic var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.UnsubscribeFromTopicAsync( registrationTokens, topic); // See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation // for the contents of response. Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} tokens were unsubscribed successfully");<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/blob/f6babbd4e59655f01be4a43230b5be198fc4f8cd/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs#L348-L362" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs#unsubscribe_from_topic" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs" data-region-tag="unsubscribe_from_topic">FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs</a></div> </code></pre></section> </div><aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> You can subscribe or unsubscribe up to 1,000 devices in a single request. If you provide an array with over 1,000 registration tokens, the request will fail with a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">messaging/invalid-argument</code> error.</span></aside> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">subscribeToTopic()</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">unsubscribeFromTopic()</code> methods results in an object containing the response from FCM. The return type has the same format regardless of the number of registration tokens specified in the request.</p> <p>In case of an error (authentication failures, invalid token or topic etc.) these methods result in an error. For a full list of error codes, including descriptions and resolution steps, see <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message#admin_sdk_error_reference">Admin FCM API Errors</a>.</p> <h2 id="receive_and_handle_topic_messages" data-text="Receive and handle topic messages">Receive and handle topic messages</h2> <p>FCM delivers topic messages in the same way as other downstream messages.</p> <p>To receive messages, use a service that extends <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/messaging/FirebaseMessagingService" <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FirebaseMessagingService</code></a>. Your service should override the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onDeletedMessages</code> callbacks. It should handle any message within 20 seconds of receipt (10 seconds on Android Marshmallow). The time window may be shorter depending on OS delays incurred ahead of calling <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code>. After that time, various OS behaviors such as Android O's <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/background">background execution limits</a> may interfere with your ability to complete your work. For more information see our overview on <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options#setting-the-priority-of-a-message">message priority</a>.<p/> <p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code> is provided for most message types, with the following exceptions:</p></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Notification messages delivered when your app is in the background</strong>. In this case, the notification is delivered to the device’s system tray. A user tap on a notification opens the app launcher by default.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Messages with both notification and data payload, when received in the background</strong>. In this case, the notification is delivered to the device’s system tray, and the data payload is delivered in the extras of the intent of your launcher Activity.</p> </li> </ul> <p>In summary:</p> <table> <tr> <th>App state</th> <th>Notification</th> <th>Data </th> <th>Both</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Foreground</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Background</td> <td>System tray </td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code></td> <td>Notification: system tray<br> Data: in extras of the intent.</td> </tr> </table> For more information about message types, see <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options#notifications_and_data_messages">Notifications and data messages</a>. <aside class="note">For all messages where <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code> is provided, your service should handle any message within 20 seconds of receipt (10 seconds on Android Marshmallow). The time window may be shorter depending on OS delays incurred ahead of calling <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code>. After that, various OS behaviors such as Android O's <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/background">background execution limits</a> may interfere with your ability to complete your work. For more information see our overview on <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options#setting-the-priority-of-a-message">message priority</a>.</aside> <h3 id="edit-the-app-manifest" data-text="Edit the app manifest">Edit the app manifest</h3> <p>To use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FirebaseMessagingService</code>, you need to add the following in your app manifest:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" style="position: relative;" translate="no" dir="ltr"> <service android:name=".java.MyFirebaseMessagingService" android:exported="false"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" /> </intent-filter> </service><div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/quickstart-android/blob/3ff015bdd4caa391ef1b0ab553f18c3df761f98b/messaging/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml#L50-L56" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml#firebase_service" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" data-region-tag="firebase_service">AndroidManifest.xml</a></div> </pre> <p>Also, you're recommended to set default values to customize the appearance of notifications. You can specify a custom default icon and a custom default color that are applied whenever equivalent values are not set in the notification payload.</p> <p>Add these lines inside the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">application</code> tag to set the custom default icon and custom color:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" style="position: relative;" translate="no" dir="ltr">  <meta-data android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_icon" android:resource="@drawable/ic_stat_ic_notification" />  <meta-data android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_color" android:resource="@color/colorAccent" /><div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/quickstart-android/blob/3ff015bdd4caa391ef1b0ab553f18c3df761f98b/messaging/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml#L13-L22" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml#fcm_default_icon" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" data-region-tag="fcm_default_icon">AndroidManifest.xml</a></div> </pre> <p>Android displays the custom default icon for</p> <ul> <li>All notification messages sent from the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification"> Notifications composer</a>.</li> <li>Any notification message that does not explicitly set the icon in the notification payload. </li> </ul> <p>Android uses the custom default color for</p> <ul> <li>All notification messages sent from the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification"> Notifications composer</a>.</li> <li>Any notification message that does not explicitly set the color in the notification payload.</li> </ul> <p>If no custom default icon is set and no icon is set in the notification payload, Android displays the application icon rendered in white.</p> <h3 id="override-onmessagereceived" data-text="Override onMessageReceived">Override <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onMessageReceived</code></h3> <p>By overriding the method <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FirebaseMessagingService.onMessageReceived</code>, you can perform actions based on the received <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/messaging/RemoteMessage">RemoteMessage</a> object and get the message data:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs"> <section> <h3 id="java_3" data-text="Java"><span class="two-line-tab"><span tab-label="Android">Java</span></span></h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-java" translate="no" dir="ltr" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/java/MyFirebaseMessagingService.java" data-region-tag="receive_message">@Override public void onMessageReceived(RemoteMessage remoteMessage) { // ... // TODO(developer): Handle FCM messages here. // Not getting messages here? See why this may be: https://goo.gl/39bRNJ Log.d(TAG, "From: " + remoteMessage.getFrom()); // Check if message contains a data payload. if (remoteMessage.getData().size() > 0) { Log.d(TAG, "Message data payload: " + remoteMessage.getData()); if (/* Check if data needs to be processed by long running job */ true) { // For long-running tasks (10 seconds or more) use WorkManager. scheduleJob(); } else { // Handle message within 10 seconds handleNow(); } } // Check if message contains a notification payload. if (remoteMessage.getNotification() != null) { Log.d(TAG, "Message Notification Body: " + remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody()); } // Also if you intend on generating your own notifications as a result of a received FCM // message, here is where that should be initiated. See sendNotification method below. }<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/quickstart-android/blob/3ff015bdd4caa391ef1b0ab553f18c3df761f98b/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/java/MyFirebaseMessagingService.java#L58-L101" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/java/MyFirebaseMessagingService.java#receive_message">MyFirebaseMessagingService.java</a></div></pre> </section> <section> <h3 id="kotlin+ktx_1" data-text="Kotlin+KTX"><span class="two-line-tab"><span tab-label="Android">Kotlin+KTX</span></span></h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-kotlin" translate="no" dir="ltr" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/kotlin/MyFirebaseMessagingService.kt" data-region-tag="receive_message">override fun onMessageReceived(remoteMessage: RemoteMessage) { // ... // TODO(developer): Handle FCM messages here. // Not getting messages here? See why this may be: https://goo.gl/39bRNJ Log.d(TAG, "From: ${remoteMessage.from}") // Check if message contains a data payload. if (remoteMessage.data.isNotEmpty()) { Log.d(TAG, "Message data payload: ${remoteMessage.data}") if (/* Check if data needs to be processed by long running job */ true) { // For long-running tasks (10 seconds or more) use WorkManager. scheduleJob() } else { // Handle message within 10 seconds handleNow() } } // Check if message contains a notification payload. remoteMessage.notification?.let { Log.d(TAG, "Message Notification Body: ${it.body}") } // Also if you intend on generating your own notifications as a result of a received FCM // message, here is where that should be initiated. See sendNotification method below. }<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/quickstart-android/blob/3ff015bdd4caa391ef1b0ab553f18c3df761f98b/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/kotlin/MyFirebaseMessagingService.kt#L26-L61" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/quickstart-android/messaging/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/quickstart/fcm/kotlin/MyFirebaseMessagingService.kt#receive_message">MyFirebaseMessagingService.kt</a></div></pre> </section> </div> <h3 id="override-ondeletedmessages" data-text="Override onDeletedMessages">Override <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onDeletedMessages</code></h3> In some situations, FCM may not deliver a message. This occurs when there are too many messages (>100) pending for your app on a particular device at the time it connects or if the device hasn't connected to FCM in more than one month. In these cases, you may receive a callback to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FirebaseMessagingService.onDeletedMessages()</code> When the app instance receives this callback, it should perform a full sync with your app server. If you haven't sent a message to the app on that device within the last 4 weeks, FCM won't call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">onDeletedMessages()</code>. <h3 id="backgrounded" data-text="Handle notification messages in a backgrounded app">Handle notification messages in a backgrounded app</h3> <p>When your app is in the background, Android directs notification messages to the system tray. A user tap on the notification opens the app launcher by default.</p> <p>This includes messages that contain both notification and data payload (and all messages sent from the Notifications console). In these cases, the notification is delivered to the device's system tray, and the data payload is delivered in the extras of the intent of your launcher Activity.</p> <p>For insight into message delivery to your app, see the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification/reporting"> FCM reporting dashboard</a>, which records the number of messages sent and opened on iOS and Android devices, along with data for "impressions" (notifications seen by users) for Android apps. </p> <h3 id="restricted" data-text="Background Restricted Apps (Android P or newer)">Background Restricted Apps (Android P or newer)</h3> FCM may not deliver messages to apps which were put into <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/background-optimization#bg-restrict">background restriction</a> by the user (such as via: Setting -> Apps and Notification -> [appname] -> Battery). Once your app is removed from background restriction, new messages to the app will be delivered as before. In order to prevent lost messages and other background restriction impacts, make sure to avoid bad behaviors listed by the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/vitals/">Android vitals</a> effort. These behaviors could lead to the Android device recommending to the user that your app be background restricted. Your app can check if it is background restricted using: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/ActivityManager#isBackgroundRestricted()">isBackgroundRestricted()</a>. <h2 id="build_send_requests" data-text="Build send requests">Build send requests</h2> <p>After you have created a topic, either by subscribing client app instances to the topic on the client side or via the <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/manage-topics">server API</a>, you can send messages to the topic. If this is your first time building send requests for FCM, see the guide to <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/server">your server environment and FCM</a> for important background and setup information.</p> <p>In your sending logic on the backend, specify the desired topic name as shown:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="node.js_2" data-text="Node.js">Node.js</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/". var topic = 'highScores'; var message = { data: { score: '850', time: '2:45' }, topic: topic }; // Send a message to devices subscribed to the provided topic. admin.messaging().send(message) .then((response) => { // Response is a message ID string. console.log('Successfully sent message:', response); }) .catch((error) => { console.log('Error sending message:', error); }); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="java_4" data-text="Java">Java</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/". String topic = "highScores"; // See documentation on defining a message payload. Message message = Message.builder() .putData("score", "850") .putData("time", "2:45") .setTopic(topic) .build(); // Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic. String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message); // Response is a message ID string. System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-java/blob/d05cb36f278f66d707184f243cbd7048f7712964/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java#L66-L79" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-java/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java#send_to_topic" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-java/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java" data-region-tag="send_to_topic">FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java</a></div> </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="python_2" data-text="Python">Python</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"># The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/". topic = 'highScores' # See documentation on defining a message payload. message = messaging.Message( data={ 'score': '850', 'time': '2:45', }, topic=topic, ) # Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic. response = messaging.send(message) # Response is a message ID string. print('Successfully sent message:', response)<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-python/blob/b35abb9bb74ab7629ae1ff5c6f73772c6dd450c5/snippets/messaging/cloud_messaging.py#L46-L61" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-python/snippets/messaging/cloud_messaging.py#send_to_topic" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-python/snippets/messaging/cloud_messaging.py" data-region-tag="send_to_topic">cloud_messaging.py</a></div> </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="go_2" data-text="Go">Go</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/". topic := "highScores" // See documentation on defining a message payload. message := &messaging.Message{ Data: map[string]string{ "score": "850", "time": "2:45", }, Topic: topic, } // Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic. response, err := client.Send(ctx, message) if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } // Response is a message ID string. fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-go/blob/77177c78411cff9a6c2de612c52d903776582e6b/snippets/messaging.go#L61-L79" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-go/snippets/messaging.go#send_to_topic_golang" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-go/snippets/messaging.go" data-region-tag="send_to_topic_golang">messaging.go</a></div> </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="c_2" data-text="C#">C#</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/". var topic = "highScores"; // See documentation on defining a message payload. var message = new Message() { Data = new Dictionary<string, string>() { { "score", "850" }, { "time", "2:45" }, }, Topic = topic, }; // Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic. string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message); // Response is a message ID string. Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="rest" data-text="REST">REST</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/json Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA { "message":{ "topic" : "foo-bar", "notification" : { "body" : "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!", "title" : "FCM Message" } } } </code></pre> <p>cURL command:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{ "message": { "topic" : "foo-bar", "notification": { "body": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!", "title": "FCM Message" } } }' https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1 </code></pre></section> </div> <p>To send a message to a <em>combination</em> of topics, specify a <em>condition</em>, which is a boolean expression that specifies the target topics. For example, the following condition will send messages to devices that are subscribed to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicA</code> and either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicB</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicC</code>:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">"'TopicA' in topics && ('TopicB' in topics || 'TopicC' in topics)" </code></pre> <p>FCM first evaluates any conditions in parentheses, and then evaluates the expression from left to right. In the above expression, a user subscribed to any single topic does not receive the message. Likewise, a user who does not subscribe to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicA</code> does not receive the message. These combinations do receive it:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicA</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicB</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicA</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TopicC</code></li> </ul> <p>You can include up to five topics in your conditional expression.</p> <p><strong>To send to a condition:</strong></p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="node.js_3" data-text="Node.js">Node.js</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed // to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics. var condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"; // See documentation on defining a message payload. var message = { notification: { title: '$FooCorp up 1.43% on the day', body: '$FooCorp gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.' }, condition: condition }; // Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics // specified by the provided condition. admin.messaging().send(message) .then((response) => { // Response is a message ID string. console.log('Successfully sent message:', response); }) .catch((error) => { console.log('Error sending message:', error); }); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="java_5" data-text="Java">Java</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed // to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics. String condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"; // See documentation on defining a message payload. Message message = Message.builder() .setNotification(Notification.builder() .setTitle("$GOOG up 1.43% on the day") .setBody("$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.") .build()) .setCondition(condition) .build(); // Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics // specified by the provided condition. String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message); // Response is a message ID string. System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-java/blob/d05cb36f278f66d707184f243cbd7048f7712964/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java#L85-L102" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-java/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java#send_to_condition" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-java/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java" data-region-tag="send_to_condition">FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java</a></div> </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="python_3" data-text="Python">Python</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"># Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed # to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics. condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics" # See documentation on defining a message payload. message = messaging.Message( notification=messaging.Notification( title='$GOOG up 1.43% on the day', body='$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.', ), condition=condition, ) # Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics # specified by the provided condition. response = messaging.send(message) # Response is a message ID string. print('Successfully sent message:', response)<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-python/blob/b35abb9bb74ab7629ae1ff5c6f73772c6dd450c5/snippets/messaging/cloud_messaging.py#L67-L84" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-python/snippets/messaging/cloud_messaging.py#send_to_condition" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-python/snippets/messaging/cloud_messaging.py" data-region-tag="send_to_condition">cloud_messaging.py</a></div> </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="go_3" data-text="Go">Go</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed // to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics. condition := "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics" // See documentation on defining a message payload. message := &messaging.Message{ Data: map[string]string{ "score": "850", "time": "2:45", }, Condition: condition, } // Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics // specified by the provided condition. response, err := client.Send(ctx, message) if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } // Response is a message ID string. fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)<div class="devsite-github-link nocode no-select"><a target="_top" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-go/blob/77177c78411cff9a6c2de612c52d903776582e6b/snippets/messaging.go#L85-L105" class="gc-analytics-event" data-category="github_link" data-label="firebase/firebase-admin-go/snippets/messaging.go#send_to_condition_golang" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="firebase/firebase-admin-go/snippets/messaging.go" data-region-tag="send_to_condition_golang">messaging.go</a></div> </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="c_3" data-text="C#">C#</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed // to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics. var condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"; // See documentation on defining a message payload. var message = new Message() { Notification = new Notification() { Title = "$GOOG up 1.43% on the day", Body = "$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.", }, Condition = condition, }; // Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics // specified by the provided condition. string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message); // Response is a message ID string. Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response); </code></pre></section> <section><h3 id="rest_1" data-text="REST">REST</h3><pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/json Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA { "message":{ "condition": "'dogs' in topics || 'cats' in topics", "notification" : { "body" : "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!", "title" : "FCM Message", } } } </code></pre> <p>cURL command:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{ "notification": { "title": "FCM Message", "body": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!", }, "condition": "'dogs' in topics || 'cats' in topics" }' https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1 </code></pre></section> </div> <h2 id="next_steps" data-text="Next steps">Next steps</h2> <ul> <li>Learn more about the other way to send to multiple devices — <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group">device group messaging</a></li> </ul> </div> <devsite-page-rating position="footer" selected-rating="0" hover-rating-star="0"> </devsite-page-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Firebase" product-id="719752" bucket="" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20210114-r02-rc00.432497685912973661" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" project-feedback-url="https://firebase.google.com/support/contact/bugs-features/" project-icon="https://firebase.google.com/_static/firebase/images/logo.png" project-support-url="https://firebase.google.com/support/" feedback-type="star-rating"> <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. For details, see the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developers.google.com/site-policies">Google Developers Site Policies</a>. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.</p> <p>Last updated 2021-01-25 UTC.</p> </devsite-content-footer> </devsite-content> </main> <devsite-footer-promos class="devsite-footer"> </devsite-footer-promos> <devsite-footer-linkboxes class="devsite-footer"> <nav class="devsite-footer-linkboxes nocontent" aria-label="Footer links"> <ul class="devsite-footer-linkboxes-list"> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox "> <h3 class="devsite-footer-linkbox-heading no-link">Learn</h3> <ul class="devsite-footer-linkbox-list"> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 1)"> Guides </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 2)"> Reference </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/samples/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 3)"> Samples </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/docs/libraries/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 4)"> Libraries </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://github.com/firebase/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 5)"> GitHub </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox "> <h3 class="devsite-footer-linkbox-heading no-link">Stay connected</h3> <ul class="devsite-footer-linkbox-list"> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.googleblog.com/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 1)"> Blog </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/summit/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 2)"> Firebase Summit </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.facebook.com/Firebase/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 3)"> Facebook </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://twitter.com/Firebase" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 4)"> Twitter </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.youtube.com/user/Firebase" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 5)"> YouTube </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox "> <h3 class="devsite-footer-linkbox-heading no-link">Support</h3> <ul class="devsite-footer-linkbox-list"> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/support/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 1)"> Contact support </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/firebase" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 2)"> Stack Overflow </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.community/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 3)"> Slack community </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/firebase-talk" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 4)"> Google group </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/support/releases" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 5)"> Release notes </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-linkbox-item"> <a href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/support/faq/" class="devsite-footer-linkbox-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Link (index 6)"> FAQs </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </devsite-footer-linkboxes> <devsite-footer-utility class="devsite-footer"> <div class="devsite-footer-utility nocontent"> <nav class="devsite-footer-sites" aria-label="Other Google Developers websites"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developers.google.com/" class="devsite-footer-sites-logo-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Google Developers Link"> <img class="devsite-footer-sites-logo" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736im_/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/lockup-developers.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Google Developers"> </a> <ul class="devsite-footer-sites-list"> <li class="devsite-footer-sites-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.android.com/" class="devsite-footer-sites-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Android Link"> Android </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-sites-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developer.chrome.com/home" class="devsite-footer-sites-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Chrome Link"> Chrome </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-sites-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/" class="devsite-footer-sites-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Firebase Link"> Firebase </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-sites-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://cloud.google.com/" class="devsite-footer-sites-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Google Cloud Platform Link"> Google Cloud Platform </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-sites-item"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://developers.google.com/products/" class="devsite-footer-sites-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer All products Link"> All products </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="devsite-footer-utility-links" aria-label="Utility links"> <ul class="devsite-footer-utility-list"> <li class="devsite-footer-utility-item "> <a class="devsite-footer-utility-link gc-analytics-event" href="/web/20210127075736/https://firebase.google.com/terms/" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Terms link"> Terms </a> </li> <li class="devsite-footer-utility-item "> <a class="devsite-footer-utility-link gc-analytics-event" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://policies.google.com/privacy" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Footer Privacy link"> Privacy </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-language-selector> <devsite-select class="devsite-language-selector-menu"> <select aria-label="Select your language preference." class="devsite-language-selector-select" name="language" track-name="click" track-type="languageSelector"> <option>Language</option> <option value="en" lang="en" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="en" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> English </option> <option value="id" lang="id" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="id" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Bahasa Indonesia </option> <option value="de" lang="de" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="de" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Deutsch </option> <option value="es_419" lang="es_419" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="es_419" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Español – América Latina </option> <option value="fr" lang="fr" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="fr" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Français </option> <option value="it" lang="it" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="it" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Italiano </option> <option value="pl" lang="pl" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="pl" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Polski </option> <option value="pt_br" lang="pt_br" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="pt_br" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Português – Brasil </option> <option value="vi" lang="vi" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="vi" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Tiếng Việt </option> <option value="tr" lang="tr" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="tr" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Türkçe </option> <option value="ru" lang="ru" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ru" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> Русский </option> <option value="he" lang="he" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="he" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> עברית' </option> <option value="ar" lang="ar" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ar" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> العربيّة </option> <option value="fa" lang="fa" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="fa" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> فارسی </option> <option value="hi" lang="hi" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="hi" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> हिंदी </option> <option value="bn" lang="bn" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="bn" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> বাংলা </option> <option value="th" lang="th" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="th" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> ภาษาไทย </option> <option value="zh_cn" lang="zh_cn" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="zh_cn" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 中文 – 简体 </option> <option value="zh_tw" lang="zh_tw" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="zh_tw" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 中文 – 繁體 </option> <option value="ja" lang="ja" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ja" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 日本語 </option> <option value="ko" lang="ko" track-metadata-original-language="en" track-metadata-selected-language="ko" track-name="changed" track-type="languageSelector"> 한국어 </option> </select> </devsite-select> </devsite-language-selector> </nav> </div> </devsite-footer-utility> </section></section> <devsite-sitemask></devsite-sitemask> <devsite-snackbar></devsite-snackbar> <devsite-tooltip></devsite-tooltip> <devsite-heading-link></devsite-heading-link> <devsite-analytics enable-analytics-iframe> <script type="application/json" analytics>[]</script> <script type="application/json" gtm>{"parameters": {"freeTrialEligibleUser": "False", "internalUser": "False", "language": {"machineTranslated": "False", "requested": "en", "served": "en"}, "pageType": "article", "projectName": "Firebase", "scriptsafe": null, "signedIn": "False", "tenant": "firebase"}, "tags": ["GTM-N84485"]}</script> </devsite-analytics> <devsite-badger></devsite-badger> <firebase-gtm></firebase-gtm> <script nonce="BXQQYNzucwW+MgWtnTN5JPJLQAQ81i"> (function(d,e,v,s,i,t,E){d['GoogleDevelopersObject']=i; t=e.createElement(v);t.async=1;t.src=s;E=e.getElementsByTagName(v)[0]; E.parentNode.insertBefore(t,E);})(window, document, 'script', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/js/app_loader.js', '[4,"en",null,"/js/devsite_app_module.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2","https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase","https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://firebase-dot-devsite-v2-prod.appspot.com",null,null,["/_pwa/firebase/manifest.json","/_static/images/video-placeholder.svg","https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/favicon.png","https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/vbd4700e58d826f0eab371eadc20e0e343567df356800794a790eebf2ac059db2/firebase/images/lockup.png","https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075736/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Google+Sans:400,500|Roboto:400,400italic,500,500italic,700,700italic|Roboto+Mono:400,500,700|Material+Icons"],1,null,[1,6,8,12,14,17,21,25,40,50,63,70,75,76,80,87,88,91,92,93,97,98,100,101,102,103,105,107,111,113,115,120,122]]') </script> <devsite-a11y-announce></devsite-a11y-announce> </body> </html>