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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Winfield T. Durbin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Governor_Winfield_T._Durbin.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Indiana_Governor_Winfield_T._Durbin.gif/220px-Indiana_Governor_Winfield_T._Durbin.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Indiana_Governor_Winfield_T._Durbin.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">25th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor of Indiana</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 14, 1901 – January 9, 1905</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Indiana" title="Lieutenant Governor of Indiana">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newton_W._Gilbert" title="Newton W. Gilbert">Newton W. Gilbert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Mount" title="James A. Mount">James A. Mount</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanly" title="Frank Hanly">Frank Hanly</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-05-04</span>)</span>May 4, 1847<br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Indiana" title="Lawrenceburg, Indiana">Lawrenceburg, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 18, 1928<span style="display:none">(1928-12-18)</span> (aged 81)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_Indiana" title="Anderson, Indiana">Anderson, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Bertha McCullough</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1862–1864<br />1898</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">139th Regiment Indiana Infantry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_William_McKinley,_Mrs._Winfield_T._Durbin_and_Governor_Durbin_leaving_Benjamin_Harrison_home_for_funeral_-_DPLA_-_29c4263ada57db2594b7aa5704f1915d_(page_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/President_William_McKinley%2C_Mrs._Winfield_T._Durbin_and_Governor_Durbin_leaving_Benjamin_Harrison_home_for_funeral_-_DPLA_-_29c4263ada57db2594b7aa5704f1915d_%28page_1%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/President_William_McKinley%2C_Mrs._Winfield_T._Durbin_and_Governor_Durbin_leaving_Benjamin_Harrison_home_for_funeral_-_DPLA_-_29c4263ada57db2594b7aa5704f1915d_%28page_1%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/President_William_McKinley%2C_Mrs._Winfield_T._Durbin_and_Governor_Durbin_leaving_Benjamin_Harrison_home_for_funeral_-_DPLA_-_29c4263ada57db2594b7aa5704f1915d_%28page_1%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5502" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Durbin accompanying <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> to the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>, 1901</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Winfield Taylor Durbin</b> (May 4, 1847 – December 18, 1928) was an American politician serving as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">25th governor</a> of the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> from 1901 to 1905. His term focused on progressive legislation and suppression of <a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">white cap</a> vigilante organizations operating in the southern part of the state. He was the seventh and last veteran of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> to serve as governor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durbin was born in <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Indiana" title="Lawrenceburg, Indiana">Lawrenceburg, Indiana</a>, on May 4, 1847, the son of William S. and Eliza Ann Sparks, the youngest of seven sons. While still a young boy, his family moved to <a href="/wiki/New_Philadelphia,_Indiana" title="New Philadelphia, Indiana">New Philadelphia, Indiana</a> where he attended public school and worked in his father's <a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">tannery</a> producing leather. At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, he and his brothers enlisted in the Union army. His brothers were accepted, but he was turned away because of a recent arm injury. After it healed he attempted to enlist again, and helped raise a company of the <a href="/wiki/139th_Regiment_Indiana_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="139th Regiment Indiana Infantry">139th Regiment Indiana Infantry</a>, serving from April 1864 until the conclusion of the war. He mustered in at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Morton" title="Camp Morton">Camp Morton</a> and his regiment was first dispatched to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Siege of Vicksburg</a>, (Durbin could not have been at the siege of Vicksburg. The Rebels surrendered Vicksburg July 4, 1863. Durbin did not begin serving until nearly a year after Vicksburg.) and was then in the expedition to Arkansas Post.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He left the army after the war and studied briefly in a <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a> college before moving to <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</a> where he worked in a dry-goods store as a bookkeeper. In 1879 he left Indianapolis and moved to <a href="/wiki/Anderson,_Indiana" title="Anderson, Indiana">Anderson</a> where he met Bertha McCullough. The two were married on October 6, 1875 and had two children. During the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Gas_Boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Gas Boom">Indiana Gas Boom</a>, Durbin worked with his father-in-law to found a number of manufacturing businesses and became moderately wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-g217_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g217-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durbin became active in local politics and was elected as a member of the State Republican Central Committee and was appointed to the executive committee in charge of western headquarters. He played a prominent role nationally in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a>, and was involved in lobbying. At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> he enlisted in the army and promoted by Governor <a href="/wiki/James_A._Mount" title="James A. Mount">James A. Mount</a> to colonel, and was given command of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=161st_Regiment_Indiana_Infantry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="161st Regiment Indiana Infantry (page does not exist)">161st Regiment Indiana Infantry</a> in July 1898. His regiment was deployed in the occupation of <a href="/wiki/Havana,_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Havana, Cuba">Havana, Cuba</a> for three months after which he returned home.<sup id="cite_ref-g217_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g217-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durbin was nominated to run for governor in 1900, and easily won the convention vote. Opinion was strongly against Democrats, and the leading members of the party refused to run for governor that year. The party fielded John Kern to oppose Durbin, but Durbin became the first governor to win by majority in twenty-five years. Durbin's primary goal as governor was to bring efficiency to the state, and reform the government to function more economically, and to enact progressive legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Gugin,_p._218_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gugin,_p._218-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor">Governor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_caps">White caps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: White caps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His predecessors policy toward <a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">white cap</a> organizations had led to an increase of their activities. Although exact numbers are not known, at least sixty-eight lynching had occurred in recent years against suspected criminals, and numerous other types of vigilante justice was being dealt out by the groups. Most of their activity was in the southern part of the state. The General Assembly passed anti-lynching laws in 1899, requiring sheriff's to petition the governor for military assistance when lynchings were threatened and granted the governor power to remove sheriffs from office who refused to turn over prisoners to state custody, and to call out the militia to protect prisoners. Despite the law, lynchings continued until Durbin took office. In 1902 he invoked the law after a lynching, removing from office numerous law enforcement officials and putting the militia on patrol.<sup id="cite_ref-g219_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g219-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, a police officer was killed in Evansville, and the sheriff sent word to the governor, requesting assistance in protecting the suspect in custody. Durbin dispatched a company of militia to protect the jailhouse. A mob of the white caps soon surrounded the jailhouse and the militia and began taunting them for several hours. Someone in the crowd fired a shot at the soldiers, who responded by opening fire on the crowd, wounding eleven and killing one. The mob quickly fled. No more lynchings would occur in Indiana for more another thirty years until the deaths of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-g219_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g219-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressive_agenda">Progressive agenda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Progressive agenda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indiana's industry had grown at a rapid pace over the past decade, and numerous labor unions had begun to form in the state. He advocated additional anti-trust protections for the public, enactment of fines for vote buyers, and the creation of juvenile courts. He conducted statewide audits, and discovered an embezzlement scheme at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a> by Monroe County officials. He threatened to move the college to another city if the board could not get the situation under control.<sup id="cite_ref-g220_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g220-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Automobile usage in Indiana went from almost non-existent to such a level that Durbin began to advocate the construction of superior state highways. He saw the advantages of Indiana's position in the nation, which required a large part of traffic from the west to pass through Indiana in order to reach the northeastern United States.<sup id="cite_ref-g220_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g220-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years">Final years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Final years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_(1847%E2%80%931928)_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery,_Indianapolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_%281847%E2%80%931928%29_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg/200px-Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_%281847%E2%80%931928%29_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_%281847%E2%80%931928%29_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg/300px-Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_%281847%E2%80%931928%29_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_%281847%E2%80%931928%29_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg/400px-Grave_of_Winfield_Taylor_Durbin_%281847%E2%80%931928%29_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2712" data-file-height="2965" /></a><figcaption>Durbin mausoleum at Crown Hill Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>When Durbin left office he returned to Anderson to resume overseeing his business interest. He returned to the public again in 1911 when Democrats attempted to call a constitutional convention. Along with former Governor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanly" title="Frank Hanly">Frank Hanly</a>, he traveled the state railing against the Democrats and their proposed constitution as socialist. He remained active in the party, and was nominated as the Republican candidate to for governor again in 1912. The Republican party had fractured over the constitutional issue, despite preventing the calling of a convention. Many members left to join the Progressive Party in the following year. Durbin came in third in the election and was defeated by Democrat <a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Ralston" title="Samuel M. Ralston">Samuel M. Ralston</a>, with the Progressive candidate <a href="/wiki/Albert_Beveridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Beveridge">Albert Beveridge</a> coming in second.<sup id="cite_ref-g221_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g221-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durbin returned again to Anderson where he remained the rest of his life. He died on December 18, 1928, of bronchial <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> following an attack of <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>. He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Hill_Cemetery" title="Crown Hill Cemetery">Crown Hill Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-g221_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g221-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>Indiana gubernatorial election, 1900<sup id="cite_ref-Gugin,_p._218_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gugin,_p._218-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Winfield T. Durbin </td> <td style="text-align:right">331,531 </td> <td style="text-align:right">50.5 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">306,272 </td> <td style="text-align:right">46.7 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FF00FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a> </td> <td class="fn">Charles N. Eckhart </td> <td style="text-align:right">13,453 </td> <td style="text-align:right">2.1 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#ACE1AF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist</a> </td> <td class="fn">A.G. Burkhart </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,504 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.2 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indiana" title="Portal:Indiana">Indiana portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">List of governors of Indiana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin, p. 216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g217-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g217_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g217_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin, p. 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gugin,_p._218-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gugin,_p._218_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gugin,_p._218_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin, p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g219-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g219_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g219_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9802EED91739E433A25753C1A96E9C946297D6CF">"President Denounces Mob Lawlessness; Letter of Praise Sent to Gov. Durbin of Indiana. Says Lynching Is Merely One Form of Anarchy Which is the Forerunner of Tyranny – Laws Should Work Swiftly and Surely"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. August 10, 1903<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=President+Denounces+Mob+Lawlessness%3B+Letter+of+Praise+Sent+to+Gov.+Durbin+of+Indiana.+Says+Lynching+Is+Merely+One+Form+of+Anarchy+Which+is+the+Forerunner+of+Tyranny+%E2%80%93+Laws+Should+Work+Swiftly+and+Surely.&rft.date=1903-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9802EED91739E433A25753C1A96E9C946297D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinfield+T.+Durbin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g220-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g220_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g220_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin, p. 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g221-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g221_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g221_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin, p. 221</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGugin,_Linda_C.St._Clair,_James_E2006" class="citation book cs1">Gugin, Linda C.; St. Clair, James E, eds. (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780871951960"><i>The Governors of Indiana</i></a></span>. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87195-196-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87195-196-7"><bdi>0-87195-196-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors+of+Indiana&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-87195-196-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780871951960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinfield+T.+Durbin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfield_T._Durbin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in.gov/history/4296.htm">Indiana Historical Bureau: Biography and portrait</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=b1cc224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD">National Governors Association</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Mount" title="James A. Mount">James A. Mount</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor of Indiana</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1900_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1900 Indiana gubernatorial election">1900</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanly" title="Frank Hanly">Frank Hanly</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Eli_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Eli Watson">James Eli Watson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor of Indiana</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1912_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Indiana gubernatorial election">1912</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Goodrich" title="James P. Goodrich">James P. Goodrich</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Mount" title="James A. Mount">James A. Mount</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Indiana">Governor of Indiana</a> </b><br />January 14, 1901 – January 9, 1905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanly" title="Frank Hanly">Frank Hanly</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Indiana" title="Template:Governors of Indiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Indiana" title="Template talk:Governors of Indiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Indiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Indiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Indiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">Governors of Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Territorial <span class="nobold">(1800–1816)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(American_soldier)" title="John Gibson (American soldier)">Gibson</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Posey" title="Thomas Posey">Posey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="725" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">State <span class="nobold">(since 1816)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratliff_Boon" title="Ratliff Boon">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hendricks" title="William Hendricks">W. Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Ray" title="James B. Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Noble" title="Noah Noble">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wallace_(Indiana_politician)" title="David Wallace (Indiana politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bigger" title="Samuel Bigger">Bigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitcomb" title="James Whitcomb">J. Whitcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_C._Dunning" title="Paris C. Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Wright" title="Joseph A. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashbel_P._Willard" title="Ashbel P. Willard">Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_A._Hammond" title="Abram A. Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Lane" title="Henry S. Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_P._Morton" title="Oliver P. Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Baker" title="Conrad Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">T. Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Williams" title="James D. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_P._Gray" title="Isaac P. Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Porter" title="Albert G. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_P._Gray" title="Isaac P. Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Peterson_Hovey" title="Alvin Peterson Hovey">Hovey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Joy_Chase" title="Ira Joy Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Matthews" title="Claude Matthews">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Mount" title="James A. Mount">Mount</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Durbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanly" title="Frank Hanly">Hanly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Ralston" title="Samuel M. Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Goodrich" title="James P. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_T._McCray" title="Warren T. McCray">McCray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Forest_Branch" title="Emmett Forest Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Jackson" title="Edward L. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_G._Leslie" title="Harry G. Leslie">Leslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">McNutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Clifford_Townsend" title="M. Clifford Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Schricker" title="Henry F. Schricker">Schricker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_F._Gates" title="Ralph F. Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Schricker" title="Henry F. Schricker">Schricker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Craig" title="George N. Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_W._Handley" title="Harold W. Handley">Handley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_E._Welsh" title="Matthew E. Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Branigin" title="Roger D. Branigin">Branigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Whitcomb" title="Edgar Whitcomb">E. Whitcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Bowen" title="Otis Bowen">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Orr" title="Robert D. Orr">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Bayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Bannon" title="Frank O'Bannon">O'Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kernan_(politician)" title="Joe Kernan (politician)">Kernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Daniels" title="Mitch Daniels">Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holcomb" title="Eric Holcomb">Holcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Braun</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor of Indiana</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2584138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2584138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2584138#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000032995437">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/26238940">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/285049/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtcJ8cPBm974GJjR4p3wC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1185813721">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91041686">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6156sck">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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