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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>African Virtual University</b> (<b>AVU</b>) is a pan-African effort to create an open and affordable distance learning institution to serve the African continent. The AVU began in 1997 as a project of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and later developed into an autonomous institution after it was handed over to African governments in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-universityworldnews_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-universityworldnews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-afdb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-light_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-light-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the program's lifetime, critics have questioned its efficacy as well as its neocolonial aspects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_for_creation">Reasons for creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Virtual_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reasons for creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> is a region that has experienced high rates of HIV/AIDs, political instability, and poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201178_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201178-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These conditions have contributed to a paucity of state-run educational institutions, an insufficient number of educators, and a surplus of students.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201178_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201178-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For these reasons, many students attend universities outside of SSA which has drained the region of its educated residents<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201179_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201179-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the AVU was designed to expand the capacity of SSA institutions of higher learning to service a larger number of students.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UVA hoped that these additional spaces would lower the cost of education to more affordable levels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the AVU initiative desired to equip SSA students with the skills they would need to compete in the new professional jobs emerging on the continent—especially in the technical industries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initiative hoped that the AVU could provide access to academic databases, high-quality professors, and technical curricula to close the gap between African country's economies and that of the rest of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas201182–83-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, the program had more than 40,000 graduates in 27 Sub-Saharan countries and planned to expand to phone-based content in 2015 due to the prevalence of smartphones on the continent.<sup id="cite_ref-afdb2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afdb2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neocolonialism_in_higher_education">Neocolonialism in higher education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Virtual_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Neocolonialism in higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conditions attached to World Bank loans forced African countries to reduce spending on higher education, since higher education institutions paid lower dividends than elementary and secondary education programs.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These conditions decreased the quality of education provided by African universities. Additionally, the World Bank also introduced their own more expensive alternative programs taught by western professors.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These programs, especially regarding historical, cultural, and humanities-related content raised concerns about the interpretations being provided by western scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origins of many African universities harkens back to western influence as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern western schools have reinforced this legacy of dependency through AVU's western partner universities who provide the program's content.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This flow of knowledge moves in a one-way direction from the West to the East, leaving African countries with little say in the curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Virtual_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKyama" class="citation web cs1">Kyama, Reuben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20121012184914825">"African Virtual University makes an actual impact"</a>. universityworldnews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Virtual+University+makes+an+actual+impact&rft.pub=universityworldnews.com&rft.aulast=Kyama&rft.aufirst=Reuben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universityworldnews.com%2Farticle.php%3Fstory%3D20121012184914825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Virtual+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afdb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afdb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-and-african-virtual-university-discuss-benefits-of-e-learning-12602/">"AfDB and African Virtual University discuss benefits of e-learning"</a>. afdb.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AfDB+and+African+Virtual+University+discuss+benefits+of+e-learning&rft.pub=afdb.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afdb.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-events%2Farticle%2Fafdb-and-african-virtual-university-discuss-benefits-of-e-learning-12602%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Virtual+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-light-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-light_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLight1999" class="citation news cs1">Light, David A. (1999-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/1999/09/pioneering-distance-education-in-africa">"Pioneering Distance Education in Africa"</a>. <i>Harvard Business Review</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8012">0017-8012</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Out+of+Africa%3A+e-learning+makes+further+education+a+reality+for+tens+of+thousands&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2015%2Fmay%2F20%2Felearning-africa-conference-addis-ababa-further-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Virtual+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._NafukhoHelen_Muyia2013" class="citation journal cs1">M. Nafukho, Fredrick; Helen Muyia, Machuma (2013-08-23). "The World Bank ' s Africa Virtual University Project: a revisit". <i>European Journal of Training and Development</i>. <b>37</b> (7): 646–661. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2Fejtd-02-2013-0020">10.1108/ejtd-02-2013-0020</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2046-9012">2046-9012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Training+and+Development&rft.atitle=The+World+Bank+%27+s+Africa+Virtual+University+Project%3A+a+revisit&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=646-661&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2Fejtd-02-2013-0020&rft.issn=2046-9012&rft.aulast=M.+Nafukho&rft.aufirst=Fredrick&rft.au=Helen+Muyia%2C+Machuma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Virtual+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunene2007" class="citation journal cs1">Munene, Ishmael I. (January 2007). "Experimenting in distance education: The African virtual university (AVU) and the paradox of the World Bank in Kenya—A rejoinder". <i>International Journal of Educational Development</i>. <b>27</b> (1): 77–85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijedudev.2006.05.002">10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0738-0593">0738-0593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Educational+Development&rft.atitle=Experimenting+in+distance+education%3A+The+African+virtual+university+%28AVU%29+and+the+paradox+of+the+World+Bank+in+Kenya%E2%80%94A+rejoinder&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-85&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijedudev.2006.05.002&rft.issn=0738-0593&rft.aulast=Munene&rft.aufirst=Ishmael+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Virtual+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Virtual_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmonsMbarikaMbarikaThomas2011" class="citation journal cs1">Simmons, L.L.; Mbarika, I.; Mbarika, V.W.; Thomas, C.A.; Tsuma, C.; Wade, T.L.; Wilkerson, D. (2011). "TeleEducation initiatives for sub-saharan africa: The case of the african virtual university in kenya". <i>Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research</i>. <b>12</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+STEM+Education%3A+Innovations+and+Research&rft.atitle=TeleEducation+initiatives+for+sub-saharan+africa%3A+The+case+of+the+african+virtual+university+in+kenya&rft.volume=12&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=L.L.&rft.au=Mbarika%2C+I.&rft.au=Mbarika%2C+V.W.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Tsuma%2C+C.&rft.au=Wade%2C+T.L.&rft.au=Wilkerson%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Virtual+University" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Virtual_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Kenya">List of universities in Kenya</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kenya" title="Education in Kenya">Education in Kenya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Virtual_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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of Ouargla">University of Ouargla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_Houari_Boumediene" title="University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene">University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="45" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlagsMapAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FlagsMapAfrica.png/100px-FlagsMapAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FlagsMapAfrica.png/150px-FlagsMapAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FlagsMapAfrica.png/200px-FlagsMapAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="1727" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto_University" title="Agostinho Neto University">Agostinho Neto University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Abomey-Calavi" title="University of Abomey-Calavi">University of Abomey-Calavi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botho_University" title="Botho University">Botho University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Accountancy_College" title="Botswana Accountancy College">Botswana Accountancy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_International_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Botswana International University of Science and Technology">Botswana International University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_University_of_Agriculture_and_Natural_Resources" title="Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources">Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Boni_University" title="Nazi Boni University">Nazi Boni University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ouagadougou" title="University of Ouagadougou">University of Ouagadougou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burundi" title="University of Burundi">University of Burundi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamenda" title="University of Bamenda">University of Bamenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buea" title="University of Buea">University of Buea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Douala" title="University of Douala">University of Douala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dschang" title="University of Dschang">University of Dschang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maroua" title="University of Maroua">University of Maroua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ngaound%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="University of Ngaoundéré">University of Ngaoundéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Yaound%C3%A9_I" title="University of Yaoundé I">University of Yaoundé I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget_University_of_Cape_Verde" title="Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde">Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EUCLID_(university)" class="mw-redirect" title="EUCLID (university)">EUCLID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bangui" title="University of Bangui">University of Bangui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_N%27Djamena" title="University of N'Djamena">University of N'Djamena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marien_Ngouabi_University" title="Marien Ngouabi University">Marien Ngouabi University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Cote d'Ivoire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Grand-Bassam" title="International University of Grand-Bassam">International University of Grand-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny" title="Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny">Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic<br />of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Bukavu" title="Catholic University of Bukavu">Catholic University of Bukavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kinshasa" title="University of Kinshasa">University of Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kisangani" title="University of Kisangani">University of Kisangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lubumbashi" title="University of Lubumbashi">University of Lubumbashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Shams_University" title="Ain Shams University">Ain Shams University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Higher_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology">Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_University" title="Alexandria University">Alexandria University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benha_University" title="Benha University">Benha University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt-Japan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology">Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_e-Learning_University" title="Egyptian e-Learning University">Egyptian e-Learning University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_University" title="Helwan University">Helwan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansoura_University" title="Mansoura University">Mansoura University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoufia_University" title="Menoufia University">Menoufia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minya_University" title="Minya University">Minya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_University_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Misr University for Science and Technology">Misr University for Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6_University" title="October 6 University">October 6 University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_University_in_Alexandria" title="Pharos University in Alexandria">Pharos University in Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Valley_University" title="South Valley University">South Valley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_University" title="Suez Canal University">Suez Canal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanta_University" title="Tanta University">Tanta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_University_in_Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="The American University in Cairo">The American University in Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_British_University_in_Egypt" title="The British University in Egypt">The British University in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sadat_City" title="University of Sadat City">University of Sadat City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagazig_University" title="Zagazig University">Zagazig University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Asmara" title="University of Asmara">University of Asmara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eswatini" title="University of Eswatini">University of Eswatini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Science_and_Technology_University" title="Addis Ababa Science and Technology University">Addis Ababa Science and Technology University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_University" title="Addis Ababa University">Addis Ababa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_Service_University" title="Ethiopian Civil Service University">Ethiopian Civil Service University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haramaya_University" title="Haramaya University">Haramaya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawassa_University" title="Hawassa University">Hawassa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimma_University" title="Jimma University">Jimma University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekelle_University" title="Mekelle University">Mekelle University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_University_(Addis_Ababa)" title="St. Mary's University (Addis Ababa)">St. Mary's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollega_University" title="Wollega University">Wollega University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo_University" title="Omar Bongo University">Omar Bongo University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accra_Institute_of_Technology" title="Accra Institute of Technology">Accra Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accra_Technical_University" title="Accra Technical University">Accra Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_University_College_of_Communications" title="African University College of Communications">African University College of Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Nations_University" title="All Nations University">All Nations University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashesi_University" title="Ashesi University">Ashesi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluecrest_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluecrest University College">Bluecrest University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_(Ghana)" title="Central University (Ghana)">Central University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grant_University_of_Mines_and_Technology" title="George Grant University of Mines and Technology">George Grant University of Mines and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Institute_of_Languages" title="Ghana Institute of Languages">Ghana Institute of Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Institute_of_Management_and_Public_Administration" title="Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration">Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koforidua_Technical_University" title="Koforidua Technical University">Koforidua Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumasi_Technical_University" title="Kumasi Technical University">Kumasi Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology">Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_University_College_Ghana" title="Methodist University College Ghana">Methodist University College Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_University" title="Pentecost University">Pentecost University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_University_College" title="Presbyterian University College">Presbyterian University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford_University_College" title="Radford University College">Radford University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University_College_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Regent University College of Science and Technology">Regent University College of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Maritime_University" title="Regional Maritime University">Regional Maritime University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Development_Studies" title="University for Development Studies">University for Development Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Coast" title="University of Cape Coast">University of Cape Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Education,_Winneba" title="University of Education, Winneba">University of Education, Winneba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="University of Energy and Natural Resources">University of Energy and Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghana" title="University of Ghana">University of Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Health_and_Allied_Sciences" title="University of Health and Allied Sciences">University of Health and Allied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Professional_Studies" title="University of Professional Studies">University of Professional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Media,_Arts_and_Communication" title="University of Media, Arts and Communication">University of Media, Arts and Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_View_University" title="Valley View University">Valley View University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_International_University_College" title="Wisconsin International University College">Wisconsin International University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_University_College" title="Zenith University College">Zenith University College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Virtual University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Eastern_Africa" title="Catholic University of Eastern Africa">Catholic University of Eastern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_University" title="Daystar University">Daystar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedan_Kimathi_University_of_Technology" title="Dedan Kimathi University of Technology">Dedan Kimathi University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egerton_University" title="Egerton University">Egerton University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_of_Insect_Physiology_and_Ecology" title="International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology">International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technology" title="Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology">Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyatta_University" title="Kenyatta University">Kenyatta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maseno_University" title="Maseno University">Maseno University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masinde_Muliro_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology">Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_University" title="Moi University">Moi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya_University" title="Mount Kenya University">Mount Kenya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_University_of_Kenya" title="Multimedia University of Kenya">Multimedia University of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Kenya_University" title="South Eastern Kenya University">South Eastern Kenya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathmore_University" title="Strathmore University">Strathmore University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umma_University" title="Umma University">Umma University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eldoret" title="University of Eldoret">University of Eldoret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Lesotho" title="National University of Lesotho">National University of Lesotho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuttington_University" title="Cuttington University">Cuttington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_Polytechnic_University" title="Stella Maris Polytechnic University">Stella Maris Polytechnic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_University" title="United Methodist University">United Methodist University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Asmarya_University_for_Islamic_Sciences" title="Al Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences">Al Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Zawiya_University" title="Al Zawiya University">Al Zawiya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misurata_University" title="Misurata University">Misurata University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabha_University" title="Sabha University">Sabha University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Benghazi" title="University of Benghazi">University of Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tripoli" title="University of Tripoli">University of Tripoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Antananarivo" title="University of Antananarivo">University of Antananarivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toamasina" title="University of Toamasina">University of Toamasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toliara" title="University of Toliara">University of Toliara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe_University_of_Agriculture_and_Natural_Resources" title="Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources">Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Malawi University of Science and Technology">Malawi University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICAF" title="UNICAF">UNICAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malawi" title="University of Malawi">University of Malawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamako" title="University of Bamako">University of Bamako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nouakchott_Al_Aasriya" title="University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya">University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Mauritius" title="Open University of Mauritius">Open University of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mauritius" title="University of Mauritius">University of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Mauritius" title="University of Technology, Mauritius">University of Technology, Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_First_University" title="Mohammed First University">Mohammed First University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_University" title="Mohammed V University">Mohammed V University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Mozambique" title="Catholic University of Mozambique">Catholic University of Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mondlane_University" title="Eduardo Mondlane University">Eduardo Mondlane University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo_University" title="Maputo University">Maputo University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Management" title="International University of Management">International University of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Namibia University of Science and Technology">Namibia University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Namibia" title="University of Namibia">University of Namibia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Moumouni_University" title="Abdou Moumouni University">Abdou Moumouni University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Institute_of_Mining,_Industry_and_Geology" title="Higher Institute of Mining, Industry and Geology">Higher Institute of Mining, Industry and Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Abacha_American_University_Niger" title="Maryam Abacha American University Niger">Maryam Abacha American University Niger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abia_State_University" title="Abia State University">Abia State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Tafawa_Balewa_University" title="Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University">Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State_University" title="Adamawa State University">Adamawa State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadu_Bello_University" title="Ahmadu Bello University">Ahmadu Bello University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hikmah_University" title="Al-Hikmah University">Al-Hikmah University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_University" title="Babcock University">Babcock University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayero_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayero University">Bayero University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bells_University_of_Technology" title="Bells University of Technology">Bells University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_University" title="Bowen University">Bowen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_University" title="Crawford University">Crawford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_State_University,_Abraka" title="Delta State University, Abraka">Delta State University, Abraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonyi_State_University" title="Ebonyi State University">Ebonyi State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Technology,_Minna" title="Federal University of Technology, Minna">Federal University of Technology, Minna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Technology,_Owerri" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal University of Technology, Owerri">Federal University of Technology, Owerri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Technology,_Yola" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal University of Technology, Yola">Federal University of Technology, Yola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe_State_University" title="Gombe State University">Gombe State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogi_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kogi State University">Kogi State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara_State_University" title="Kwara State University">Kwara State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladoke_Akintola_University_of_Technology" title="Ladoke Akintola University of Technology">Ladoke Akintola University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Okpara_University_of_Agriculture" title="Michael Okpara University of Agriculture">Michael Okpara University of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Open_University_of_Nigeria" title="National Open University of Nigeria">National Open University of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta_University" title="Niger Delta University">Niger Delta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe_University" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe University">Nnamdi Azikiwe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun_State_University" title="Osun State University">Osun State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Atlantic_University" title="Pan-Atlantic University">Pan-Atlantic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemer%27s_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Redeemer's University">Redeemer's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_State_University" title="Rivers State University">Rivers State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Abuja" title="University of Abuja">University of Abuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Africa,_Toru-Orua" title="University of Africa, Toru-Orua">University of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Agriculture,_Abeokuta" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Agriculture, Abeokuta">University of Agriculture, Abeokuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Agriculture,_Makurdi" title="University of Agriculture, Makurdi">University of Agriculture, Makurdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Benin_(Nigeria)" title="University of Benin (Nigeria)">University of Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabar" title="University of Calabar">University of Calabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ibadan" title="University of Ibadan">University of Ibadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ilorin" title="University of Ilorin">University of Ilorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lagos" title="University of Lagos">University of Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Port_Harcourt" title="University of Port Harcourt">University of Port Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Uyo" title="University of Uyo">University of Uyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Dan_Fodio_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Usman Dan Fodio University">Usman Dan Fodio University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Nationale_du_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Nationale du Rwanda">Université Nationale du Rwanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Njala_University" title="Njala University">Njala University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sierra_Leone" title="University of Sierra Leone">University of Sierra Leone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benadir_University" title="Benadir University">Benadir University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_University" title="East Africa University">East Africa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntland_State_University" title="Puntland State University">Puntland State University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Peninsula_University_of_Technology" title="Cape Peninsula University of Technology">Cape Peninsula University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Central University of Technology">Central University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University">Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_University" title="North-West University">North-West University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">University of Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fort_Hare" title="University of Fort Hare">University of Fort Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Free_State" title="University of the Free State">University of the Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limpopo" title="University of Limpopo">University of Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" title="University of South Africa">University of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stellenbosch" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stellenbosch">University of Stellenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape" title="University of the Western Cape">University of the Western Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Venda" title="University of Venda">University of Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zululand" title="University of Zululand">University of Zululand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_University" title="Walter Sisulu University">Walter Sisulu University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Juba" title="University of Juba">University of Juba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Imam_El_Mahdi_University" title="El Imam El Mahdi University">El Imam El Mahdi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omdurman_Ahlia_University" title="Omdurman Ahlia University">Omdurman Ahlia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_University" title="Red Sea University">Red Sea University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Sudan University of Science and Technology">University of Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardhi_University" title="Ardhi University">Ardhi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_University_of_Morogoro" title="Muslim University of Morogoro">Muslim University of Morogoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzumbe_University" title="Mzumbe University">Mzumbe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_University_of_Tanzania" title="St. Augustine University of Tanzania">St. Augustine University of Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_University_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open University of Tanzania">The Open University of Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam" title="University of Dar es Salaam">University of Dar es Salaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_University" title="Zanzibar University">Zanzibar University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Gambia" title="University of the Gambia">University of the Gambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Lom%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Lomé">Université de Lomé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busitema_University" title="Busitema University">Busitema University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Christian_University" title="Uganda Christian University">Uganda Christian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Management_Institute" title="Uganda Management Institute">Uganda Management Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs_University" title="Uganda Martyrs University">Uganda Martyrs University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_University_Zambia" title="Cavendish University Zambia">Cavendish University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_University" title="Copperbelt University">Copperbelt University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungushi_University" title="Mulungushi University">Mulungushi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Open_University" title="Zambian Open University">Zambian Open University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_University" title="Africa University">Africa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindura_University_of_Science_Education" title="Bindura University of Science Education">Bindura University of Science Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinhoyi_University_of_Technology" title="Chinhoyi University of Technology">Chinhoyi University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe_University" title="Great Zimbabwe University">Great Zimbabwe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harare_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harare Institute of Technology">Harare Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupane_State_University" title="Lupane State University">Lupane State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_State_University" title="Midlands State University">Midlands State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Science_and_Technology,_Zimbabwe" title="National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe">National University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zimbabwe" title="University of Zimbabwe">University of Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Open_University" title="Zimbabwe Open University">Zimbabwe Open University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689951#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689951#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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