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stress</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: salt stress"> <meta name="keywords" content="salt stress"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="salt stress"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4512</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: salt stress</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4512</span> The Expression Patterns of Thai Moderately Salt Tolerant Rice and High Salt Tolerant Rice in Response to Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kongngern%20K.">Kongngern K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homwonk%20C."> Homwonk C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theerakulpisut%20P."> Theerakulpisut P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roytrakul%20R."> Roytrakul R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice cultivation is crucial globally, especially in Asia. Soil salinity poses a significant challenge for agricultural lands. Understanding the expression patterns of different rice varieties under salt stress can provide insights for developing more salt-tolerant cultivars. This study aims to compare the expression patterns of two rice varieties, Thai moderately salt-tolerant rice (Leaung Anan) and high salt-tolerant rice (Pokkali), in response to salt stress. By analyzing protein expression, the research seeks to identify key proteins associated with salt tolerance in rice. The expression patterns of the two rice varieties under salt stress were analyzed using 1D-SDS-PAGE, NanoLC-MS/MS, and MEV software. These methods enabled the researchers to assess the differential expression of proteins in the leaf sheaths of the rice plants. These results indicate that the study identified 18 proteins, exhibited significantly different expression patterns between the two rice cultivars under salt stress. Notably, certain proteins, such as Os05g0364500 and pr1-like protein, showed contrasting expression profiles in the two varieties. The up-regulated proteins, predominantly observed in the salt-tolerant rice, may contribute to the survival of rice plants under salt stress and may provide valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to enhance salt tolerancein rice cultivars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title="mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20leaf%20sheaths" title=" rice leaf sheaths"> rice leaf sheaths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194601/the-expression-patterns-of-thai-moderately-salt-tolerant-rice-and-high-salt-tolerant-rice-in-response-to-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4511</span> Antioxidant Defence Systems, Lipid Peroxidation, and Photosynthetic Variables in Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes in Response to Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faheema%20Khan">Faheema Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have investigated the effects of salt stress on the stability of plant growth, water relations, photosynthetic variables, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in salt-tolerant (PK-327) and salt-sensitive (PK-471) soybean genotypes. Ten-day-old salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive soybean plants were subjected to 0-150 mM NaCl for 15 days. While the growth of genotype PK-327 was not affected significantly up to 75 mM NaCl treatment, the growth of the PK-471 was reduced significantly beyond 25 mM NaCl treatments. Salt stress caused severe impairments in photosynthetic variables like photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content, being more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotype than in salt-tolerant.The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were higher in PK-327 than in PK-471 at various levels of salt treatments.It is concluded that tolerance capacity of PK-327 against salinity can be associated with the ability of this genotype in keeping an active photosynthetic system and strong antioxidant defence system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title="salt stress">salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16638/antioxidant-defence-systems-lipid-peroxidation-and-photosynthetic-variables-in-salt-sensitive-and-salt-tolerant-soybean-genotypes-in-response-to-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4510</span> A Novel Gene Encoding Ankyrin-Repeat Protein, SHG1, Is Indispensable for Seed Germination under Moderate Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto">H. Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Tochimoto"> J. Tochimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kurosawa"> S. Kurosawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suzuki"> M. Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Oguri"> S. Oguri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salt stress adversely affects plant growth at various stages of development including seed germination, seedling establishment, vegetative growth and finally reproduction. Because of their immobile nature, plants have evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to salt stress. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that enables seed germination to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. We identified a novel locus of Arabidopsis, designated SHG1 (salt hypersensitive germination 1), whose disruption leads to reduced germination rate under moderate salt stress conditions. SHG1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an ankyrin repeat motif that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction. The SGH1-disrupted Arabidopsis mutant died at the cotyledon stage when sown on salt-containing medium, although wild type plants could form true leaves under the same conditions. On the other hand, this mutant showed similar phenotypes to wild type plants when sown on medium without salt and transferred to salt-containing medium at the vegetative stage. These results suggested that SHG1 played indispensable role in the seed germination and seedling establishment under moderate salt stress conditions. SHG1 may be involved in the release of seed dormancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title="germination">germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankyrin%20repeat" title=" ankyrin repeat"> ankyrin repeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabidopsis" title=" arabidopsis"> arabidopsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20tolerance" title=" salt tolerance"> salt tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7011/a-novel-gene-encoding-ankyrin-repeat-protein-shg1-is-indispensable-for-seed-germination-under-moderate-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4509</span> Modulation of Alternative Respiration Pathyway under Salt Stress in Exogenous Estrogen-Treated Maize Seedlings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farideh%20K.%20Khosroushahi">Farideh K. Khosroushahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serkan%20Erdal"> Serkan Erdal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mucip%20Geni%CC%87%C5%9Fel"> Mucip Geni̇şel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that restricts arable land and reduces crop productivity worldwide. High salt concentration adversely affects plant growth and development inducing water deficit, ionic toxicity, nutrient imbalance, and lead to oxidative stress. Although the stimulating role of mammalian sex hormones on various biological and biochemical processes under normal and stress condition have been proven, there is no study regarding with these hormone's effect on modulation of the alternative respiration pathway and AOX gene expression. In this study, changes in alternative respiration pathway in leaves of maize seedlings under salinity and the possible modulating effect of estrogen on these changes were investigated. Maize seedlings were grown in a hydroponic media for 11 days and then were exposed to salt stress for 3 days after being sprayed estrogen. The data obtained from oxygen consumption revealed that salt stress elevated cellular respiration value in the leaves. In addition, a marked increase was observed at alternative respiration level in salt-stressed seedlings. Compared to salt application alone, supplementation with estrogen resulted in a significant rise in alternative oxidase (AOX) activities. Similarly, while salt stress caused to rise in expressions of AOX gene compared to control seedlings, estrogen application resulted in further activation of these genes’ expression compared to stressed-seedlings alone. These data revealed that mitigating role of estrogen against the detrimental effects of salt stress is linked to modulation of alternative respiration pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20oxidase" title="alternative oxidase">alternative oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estrogen" title=" estrogen"> estrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssalt%20stress" title=" Ssalt stress"> Ssalt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOX" title=" AOX"> AOX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45017/modulation-of-alternative-respiration-pathyway-under-salt-stress-in-exogenous-estrogen-treated-maize-seedlings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4508</span> Quantitative Evaluation of Endogenous Reference Genes for ddPCR under Salt Stress Using a Moderate Halophile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinghua%20Xing">Qinghua Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20M.%20Mesbah"> Noha M. Mesbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haisheng%20Wang"> Haisheng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Li"> Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baisuo%20Zhao"> Baisuo Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is being increasingly adopted for gene detection and quantification because of its higher sensitivity and specificity. According to previous observations and our lab data, it is essential to use endogenous reference genes (RGs) when investigating gene expression at the mRNA level under salt stress. This study aimed to select and validate suitable RGs for gene expression under salt stress using ddPCR. Six candidate RGs were selected based on the tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics of Alkalicoccus halolimnae at four salinities. The expression stability of these candidate genes was evaluated using statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder). There was a small fluctuation in cycle threshold (Ct) value and copy number of the pdp gene. Its expression stability was ranked in the vanguard of all algorithms, and was the most suitable RG for quantification of expression by both qPCR and ddPCR of A. halolimnae under salt stress. Single RG pdp and RG combinations were used to normalize the expression of ectA, ectB, ectC, and ectD under four salinities. The present study constitutes the first systematic analysis of endogenous RG selection for halophiles responding to salt stress. This work provides a valuable theory and an approach reference of internal control identification for ddPCR-based stress response models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endogenous%20reference%20gene" title="endogenous reference gene">endogenous reference gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ddPCR" title=" ddPCR"> ddPCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RT-qPCR" title=" RT-qPCR"> RT-qPCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alkalicoccus%20halolimnae" title=" Alkalicoccus halolimnae"> Alkalicoccus halolimnae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165112/quantitative-evaluation-of-endogenous-reference-genes-for-ddpcr-under-salt-stress-using-a-moderate-halophile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4507</span> Anatomical Adaptations of Three Astragalus Species under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faycal%20Boughalleb">Faycal Boughalleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raoudha%20Abdellaoui"> Raoudha Abdellaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of NaCl stress on root and leaf anatomy was investigated in three Astragalus species grown in 0-300 mM NaCl for 30 days under greenhouse conditions. Root cross section and cortex thickness was reduced under salt stress in both species while A. tenuifolius showed thinner cortex and the root cross section was unchanged. The epidermis stele thickness was unaffected by salinity in A. armatus and A. tenuifolius and was reduced in A. mareoticus with smaller xylem vessel size. In addition, vessel density and wall thickness of xylem was increased under salt conditions in the studies species. The entire lamina and mesophyll of the three species were thinner in salt-stressed plants. A. armatus and A. tenuifolius showed the higher thickness with increased size of the lower epidermis. NaCl (300 mM) reduced leaf water content by 41.5 % in A. mareoticus while it was unchanged in the other species. The size of the vascular bundle increased under salinity in A. tenuifolius leaves and it was unchanged in the other ones. A longer distance between leaf vascular bundle was occurred in A. mareoticus. The effects of NaCl on root and leaf ultrastructure are discussed in relation to the degree of salt resistance of these species. The unchanged biomass production under salt stress confirmed the higher tolerance oft A. tenuifolius to salinity. A. armatus was moderately salt tolerant with decrease of biomass production by 14.2 % while A. mareoticus was considered as salt sensitive plant when the decrease in biomass production reached 56.8%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astragalus%20species" title="Astragalus species">Astragalus species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20ultrastructure" title=" leaf ultrastructure"> leaf ultrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20anatomy" title=" root anatomy"> root anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress "> salt stress </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39708/anatomical-adaptations-of-three-astragalus-species-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4506</span> Salt Stress Affects Growth, Nutrition and Anatomy of Stipa lagascae: A Psammophile Grass in Southern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raoudha%20Abdellaoui">Raoudha Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faycal%20Boughalleb"> Faycal Boughalleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Chebil"> Zohra Chebil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In arid and semi-arid regions, salinity represents a major constraint towards plants’ growth. Stipa lagascae, a psammophile grass, is a promised species since its economic and ecological interests. Our study aims to explore the effects of different salt concentrations (0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 mM) on physiological, biochemical and anatomic parameters. Salt stress was applied on S. lagascae plants cultivated under controlled conditions. Results show that salinity reduces biomass production especially when plants are subjected to severe stress (>200 mM NaCl). Concerning the nutritional level, the fact of enriching soil with NaCl, leads to an accumulation of Na+ against other nutritional elements (K+, Ca2+). To maintain tissues hydration, S. lagascae established osmotic adaptation by accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. Salt stress affected significantly root and foliar anatomy. Indeed, plants increased their vessels’ diameter and mesophyll surface. S. lagascae plants reduced also the surface of the belluforme cells to defeat dehydration. According to our results, S. lagascae seems to be a tolerant plant at acceptable concentrations that do not exceed 6g/l. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomical%20adaptations" title="anatomical adaptations">anatomical adaptations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20nutrition" title=" mineral nutrition"> mineral nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth" title=" plant growth"> plant growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stipa%20lagascae" title=" stipa lagascae"> stipa lagascae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39696/salt-stress-affects-growth-nutrition-and-anatomy-of-stipa-lagascae-a-psammophile-grass-in-southern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4505</span> Biostimulant Activity of Chitooligomers: Effect of Different Degrees of Acetylation and Polymerization on Wheat Seedlings under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqian%20Zhang">Xiaoqian Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Zou"> Ping Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengcheng%20Li"> Pengcheng Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses, and it can lead to the reduction of agricultural productivity. High salt concentration makes it more difficult for roots to absorb water and disturbs the homeostasis of cellular ions resulting in osmotic stress, ion toxicity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared with the normal physiological conditions, salt stress could inhibit the photosynthesis, break metabolic balance and damage cellular structures, and ultimately results in the reduction of crop yield. Therefore it is vital to develop practical methods for improving the salt tolerance of plants. Chitooligomers (COS) is partially depolymerized products of chitosan, which is consisted of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In agriculture, COS has the ability to promote plant growth and induce plant innate immunity. The bioactivity of COS closely related to its degree of polymerization (DP) and acetylation (DA). However, most of the previous reports fail to mention the function of COS with different DP and DAs in improving the capacity of plants against salt stress. Accordingly, in this study, chitooligomers (COS) with different degrees of DAs were used to test wheat seedlings response to salt stress. In addition, the determined degrees of polymerization (DPs) COS(DP 4-12) and a heterogeneous COS mixture were applied to explore the relationship between the DP of COSs and its effect on the growth of wheat seedlings in response to salt stress. It showed that COSs, the exogenous elicitor, could promote the growth of wheat seedling, reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results of mRNA expression level test for salt stress-responsive genes indicated that COS keep plants away from being hurt by the salt stress via the regulation of the concentration and the increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Moreover, it was found that the activities of COS was closely related to its Das and COS (DA: 50%) displayed the best salt resistance activity to wheat seedlings. The results also showed that COS with different DP could promote the growth of wheat seedlings under salt stress. COS with a DP (6-8) showed better activities than the other tested samples, implied its activity had a close relationship with its DP. After treatment with chitohexaose, chitoheptaose, and chitooctaose, the photosynthetic parameters were improved obviously. The soluble sugar and proline contents were improved by 26.7%-53.3% and 43.6.0%-70.2%, respectively, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced by 36.8% - 49.6%. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes activities were clearly activated. At the molecular level, the results revealed that they could obviously induce the expression of Na+/H+ antiporter genes. In general, these results were fundamental to the study of action mechanism of COS on promoting plant growth under salt stress and the preparation of plant growth regulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitooligomers%20%28COS%29" title="chitooligomers (COS)">chitooligomers (COS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20polymerization%20%28DP%29" title=" degree of polymerization (DP)"> degree of polymerization (DP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20acetylation%20%28DA%29" title=" degree of acetylation (DA)"> degree of acetylation (DA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80333/biostimulant-activity-of-chitooligomers-effect-of-different-degrees-of-acetylation-and-polymerization-on-wheat-seedlings-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4504</span> Salt-Induced Modulation in Biomass Production, Pigment Concentration, Ion Accumulation, Antioxidant System and Yield in Pea Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Noreen">S. Noreen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ahmad"> S. Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors that limit the production of crop plants to the greatest proportion than any other ones. Salt-induced changes in growth, pigment concentration, water status, malondialdehydes (MDA) and H₂O₂ content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Na⁺, K⁺ content and yield attributes were examined in the glasshouse on ten pea (Pisum Sativum L.) accessions, namely ‘13240’, ‘18302’, ‘19666’, ‘19700’, ‘19776’, ‘19785’, ‘19788’, ‘20153’, ‘20155’, ‘26719’ were subjected to non-stress (0 mM NaCl) and salt stress (100 mM and150 mM NaCl) in pots containing sand medium. The results showed that salt stress at level150 mM substantially reduced biomass production, leaf water status, pigment concentration (chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘carotenoid content’ total chlorophyll), K⁺ content, quantum yield and yield attributes as compared to plants treated with 100 mM NaCl. Antioxidant enzymes, Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), proline content, total soluble protein, total amino acids, Malondialdehyde content (MDA), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and Na⁺ uptake markedly enhanced due to the influence of salt stress. On the basis of analyses (expressed as percent of control), of 10 accessions of pea plant, two were ranked as salt tolerant namely (‘19666’, ‘20153’), four were moderately tolerant namely (‘19700’, ‘19776’, ‘19785’, ‘20155’), and three were salt sensitive namely (‘13240’, ‘18302’, ‘26719’) at 150 mM NaCl level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title="antioxidant enzymes">antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20uptake" title=" ion uptake"> ion uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigment%20concentration" title=" pigment concentration"> pigment concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20attributes" title=" yield attributes"> yield attributes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99795/salt-induced-modulation-in-biomass-production-pigment-concentration-ion-accumulation-antioxidant-system-and-yield-in-pea-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4503</span> Comparative Analysis of Short and Long Term Salt Stress on the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Thellungiella salsuginea </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahma%20Goussi">Rahma Goussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Derbali"> Walid Derbali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arafet%20Manaa"> Arafet Manaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simone%20Cantamessa"> Simone Cantamessa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graziella%20Berta"> Graziella Berta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chedly%20Abdelly"> Chedly Abdelly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Barbato"> Roberto Barbato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity is one of the most important abiotic affecting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Photosynthesis, together with cell growth, is among the primary processes to be affected by salinity. Here, we report the effects of salinity stress on the primary processes of photosynthesis in a model halophyte Thellungiella Salsuginea. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic system with different NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 400 mM) during 2 weeks. The obtained results showed an obvious change in the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem I (PSI) and phostosytem II (PSII), related to NaCl concentration supplemented to the medium and the stress duration considered. With moderate salinity (100 and 200 mM NaCl), no significant variation was observed in photosynthetic parameters of PSI and PSII and Chl fluorescence whatever the time of stress application. Also, the photosynthesis apparatus Fo, Fm and Fv fluorescence, as well as Fv/Fm were not affected by salt stress. While a significant decrease was observed on quantum yields Y(I), Y(II) and electron transport rate ETR(I), ETR(II) under high salt treatment (400 mM NaCl) with prolonged period (15 days). This reduction is quantitatively compensated by a corresponding increase of energy dissipation Y(NPQ) and a progressive decrease in Fv/Fm under salt treatment. The intensity of the OJIP fluorescence transient decreased with increase in NaCl concentration, with a major effect observed during prolonged period of salt stress. Ultrastructural analysis with Light Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy of T. salsuginea chloroplasts showed some cellular changes, such as the shape of the mesophyll cells and number of chloroplast/cell only under higher NaCl concentration. Salt-stress caused the swelling of thylakoids in T. Salsuginea mesophyll with more accumulation of starch as compared to control plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title="fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halophyte" title=" halophyte"> halophyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82479/comparative-analysis-of-short-and-long-term-salt-stress-on-the-photosynthetic-apparatus-and-chloroplast-ultrastructure-of-thellungiella-salsuginea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4502</span> Exogenous Application of Silicon through the Rooting Medium Modulate Growth, Ion Uptake, and Antioxidant Activity of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibgha%20Noreen">Sibgha Noreen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Salim%20Akhter"> Muhammad Salim Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Mahmood"> Seema Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salt stress is an abiotic stress that causes a heavy toll on growth and development and also reduces the productivity of arable and horticultural crops. Globally, a quarter of total arable land has fallen prey to this menace, and more is being encroached because of the usage of brackish water for irrigation purposes. Though barley is categorized as salt-tolerant crop, but cultivars show a wide genetic variability in response to it. In addressing salt stress, silicon nutrition would be a facile tool for enhancing salt tolerant to sustain crop production. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to silicon nutrition under salt stress. The treatments included [(a) four barley cultivars (Jou-87, B-14002, B-14011, B-10008); (b) two salt levels (0, 200 mM, NaCl); and (c) two silicon levels (0, 200ppm, K2SiO3. nH2O), arranged in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and repeated 4 times. Plants were harvested at 15 days after exposure to different experimental salinity and silicon foliar conditions. Results revealed that various physiological and biochemical attributes differed significantly (p<0.05) in response to different treatments and their interactive effects. Cultivar “B-10008” excelled in biological yield, chlorophyll constituents, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield compared to other cultivars. The biological yield of shoot and root organs was reduced by 27.3 and 26.5 percent under salt stress, while it was increased by 14.5 and 18.5 percent by exogenous application of silicon over untreated check, respectively. The imposition of salt stress at 200 mM caused a reduction in total chlorophyll content, chl ‘a’ , ‘b’ and ratio a/b by 10.6,16.8,17.1 and 7.1, while spray of 200 ppm silicon improved the quantum of the constituents by 10.4,12.1,10.2,10.3 over untreated check, respectively. The quantum of free amino acids and protein content was enhanced in response to salt stress and the spray of silicon nutrients. The amounts of superoxide dismutase, catalases, peroxidases, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents rose to 18.1, 25.7, 28.1, 29.5, and 17.6 percent over non-saline conditions under salt stress. However, the values of these antioxidants were reduced in proportion to salt stress by 200 ppm silicon applied as rooting medium on barley crops. The salt stress caused a reduction in the number of tillers, number of grains per spike, and 100-grain weight to the amount of 29.4, 8.6, and 15.8 percent; however, these parameters were improved by 7.1, 10.3, and 9.6 percent by foliar spray of silicon over untreated crop, respectively. It is concluded that the barley cultivar “B-10008” showed greater tolerance and adaptability to saline conditions. The yield of barley crops could be potentiated by a foliar spray of 200 ppm silicon at the vegetative growth stage under salt stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title="salt stress">salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20nutrition" title=" silicon nutrition"> silicon nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll%20constituents" title=" chlorophyll constituents"> chlorophyll constituents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title=" antioxidant enzymes"> antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley%20crop" title=" barley crop"> barley crop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185211/exogenous-application-of-silicon-through-the-rooting-medium-modulate-growth-ion-uptake-and-antioxidant-activity-of-barley-hordeum-vulgare-l-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4501</span> Evolution of Mineral Nutrition in Two Species of Atriplex (halimus and canescens) under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Mahi">Z. Mahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Marousset"> L. Marousset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Roudaut"> C. Roudaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belkhodja"> M. Belkhodja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Lemoine"> R. Lemoine </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The strong accumulation of salts in the soil as well as in irrigation water greatly disrupts the growth and development of almost all plants. The study of these disturbances in halophytes helps provide better guidance on the deteriorating effect of salinity. Evaluation of salt stress in two species of Atriplex (halimus and canescens) through the study of mineral nutrition (dosage of sodium and potassium) shows a variability of responses. The results show that the Na+ ion accumulates in the three organs whatever the applied concentration. This accumulation increases with the high salt concentrations in halimus whereas in canescens, 600 mM treatment shows a reduction of the amount of this element. A decrease in the amount of potassium is observed for all organs except halimus rods 100 mM. Unlike halimus, canescens K + accumulates in high concentrations of salt at the roots and leaves. The ratio Na+/K+ decreases the salt by halimus against it increases in levels canescens roots and treated with high concentrations of NaCl (600 mM) leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atriplex" title="Atriplex">Atriplex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canescens" title=" canescens"> canescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halimus" title=" halimus"> halimus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20%2B" title=" Na +"> Na +</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%20%2B" title=" K +"> K +</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Cl" title=" Na Cl"> Na Cl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23055/evolution-of-mineral-nutrition-in-two-species-of-atriplex-halimus-and-canescens-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4500</span> Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biologically Based Strategy for Mitigation of Adverse Impact of Salt Stress on Wheat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Hashem">Abeer Hashem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20F.%20Almutairi"> Khalid F. Almutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulkar%20Ibrahimova"> Ulkar Ibrahimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsayed%20Fathi%20Abdallah"> Elsayed Fathi Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity poses a significant challenge to wheat production, necessitating the exploration of strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. The present investigation aims to study the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) application to improve plant tolerance in terms of growth, carbohydrate, photosynthetic characteristics, and antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress conditions. So, a randomized complete block design with five replications was employed comprising various treatments of AMF application under salinity stress (200mM), and control samples were used for each treatment. The obtained results demonstrated significantly that AMF used in this study showed beneficial impacts in all parameters used as sensitive monitor for relation of plant-salt microbe interaction. The root colonization by AMF showed the highest plant growth criteria, relative water content, soluble sugar, starch, and total non-structural carbohydrates under both control and salinity stress conditions. Moreover, the application of AMF-treated plants showed the highest soluble protein concentration and activity in leaves and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase). These findings highlight the potential impact of AMF application as a biologically based strategy to manage the mitigation of salt stress on wheat, which increases the availability of many salt marsh habitats for sustainable agriculture of such strategy crops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20fungi" title="arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi">arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth%20criteria" title=" plant growth criteria"> plant growth criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20protein" title=" soluble protein"> soluble protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title=" antioxidant enzymes"> antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20plant" title=" wheat plant"> wheat plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186129/application-of-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-as-biologically-based-strategy-for-mitigation-of-adverse-impact-of-salt-stress-on-wheat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4499</span> Salicylic Acid Improves Growth, Physiological Attributes and Salt Tolerance in Bread Wheat Cultivar (Triticum Aestivum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Ateeq">Faiza Ateeq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huma%20Jawed"> Huma Jawed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Azim"> Kamran Azim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadeem%20Khalid"> Nadeem Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abiotic constraints such as salinity stress reduce cereal production. Salicylic acid is an elicitor of abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salicylic acid on bread wheat cultivars AAI_10 from Faisalabad, Pakistan (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under salt stress in the presence and absence of 0.5 mM salicylic acid. The Physiological test was performed using different concentrations of salt solutions, i.e., 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% on leaf blades, and determined the germination of seedlings growth after 14 days. Results showed a reduction in the weights of wheat seedlings when it’s dry and fresh in the consideration of salt stress. Salicylic Acid treatment has a positive effect when evaluated in the case of salt-treated control. The morphological test (Lowry method) was performed to determine the concentration of proteins in different samples. Results showed that the samples treated with SA showed the highest absorbance(720nm) as compared to the control and other treated samples absorbance was determined. Thus, Salicylic Acid treating wheat seedlings enables the growth of anti-stress effects, such as maintaining proline accumulation. The morphological and physiological parameters revealed that SA treatment not only decreased the negative effect of salinity on the development of the seedlings but also accelerated the reparation of the growth processes. These results suggested that salicylic acid application improved the salt tolerance of bread wheat cultivars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title="salinity">salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylic%20acid" title=" salicylic acid"> salicylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotic%20and%20abiotic%20stresses" title=" biotic and abiotic stresses"> biotic and abiotic stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proline" title=" proline"> proline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182336/salicylic-acid-improves-growth-physiological-attributes-and-salt-tolerance-in-bread-wheat-cultivar-triticum-aestivum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4498</span> Adaptive Responses of Carum copticum to in vitro Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Razavizadeh">R. Razavizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Adabavazeh"> F. Adabavazeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rezaee%20Chermahini"> M. Rezaee Chermahini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity is one of the most widespread agricultural problems in arid and semi-arid areas that limits the plant growth and crop productivity. In this study, the salt stress effects on protein, reducing sugar, proline contents and antioxidant enzymes activities of <em>Carum copticum</em> L. under <em>in vitro</em> conditions were studied. Seeds of <em>C. copticum</em> were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl and calli were cultured in MS medium containing 1 μM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4 μM benzyl amino purine and different levels of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM). After NaCl treatment for 28 days, the proline and reducing sugar contents of shoots, roots and calli increased significantly in relation to the severity of the salt stress. The highest amount of proline and carbohydrate were observed at 150 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively. The reducing sugar accumulation in shoots was the highest as compared to roots, whereas, proline contents did not show any significant difference in roots and shoots under salt stress. The results showed significant reduction of protein contents in seedlings and calli. Based on these results, proteins extracted from the shoots, roots and calli of <em>C. copticum</em> treated with 150 mM NaCl showed the lowest contents. The positive relationships were observed between activity of antioxidant enzymes and the increase in stress levels. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly under salt concentrations in comparison to the control. These results suggest that the accumulation of proline and sugars, and activation of antioxidant enzymes play adaptive roles in the adaptation of seedlings and callus of <em>C. copticum</em> to saline conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title="antioxidant enzymes">antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carum%20copticum" title=" Carum copticum"> Carum copticum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solutes" title=" organic solutes"> organic solutes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62839/adaptive-responses-of-carum-copticum-to-in-vitro-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4497</span> Dilution of Saline Irrigation Based on Plant's Physiological Responses to Salt Stress Following by Re-Watering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qaiser%20Javed">Qaiser Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Azeem"> Ahmad Azeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity and water scarcity are major environmental problems which are limiting the agricultural production. This research was conducted to construct a model to find out appropriate regime to dilute saline water based on physiological and electrophysiological properties of Brassica napus L., and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.). Plants were treated under salt-stressed concentrations of NaCl (NL₁: 2.5, NL₂: 5, NL₃: 10; gL⁻¹), Na₂SO₄ (NO₁: 2.5, NO₂: 5, NO₃: 10; gL⁻¹), and mixed salt concentration (MX₁: NL₁+ NO₃; MX₂: NL₃+ NO₁; MX₃: NL₂+ NO₂; gL⁻¹) and 0 as control, followed by re-watering. Growth, physiological and electrophysiology traits were highly restricted under high salt concentration levels at NL₃, NO₃, MX₁, and MX₂, respectively. However, during the rewatering phase, growth, electrophysiological, and physiological parameters were recovered well. Consequently, the increase in net photosynthetic rate was noted under moderate stress condition which was 44.13, 37.07, and 43.01%, respectively in Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) and 44.94%, 53.45%, and 63.04%, respectively were found in Brassica napus L. According to the results, the best dilution point was 5–2.5% for NaCl and Na₂SO₄ alternatively, whereas it was 10–0.0% for the mixture of salts. Therefore, the effect of salinity in O. violaceus and B. napus may also be reduced effectively by dilution of saline irrigation. It would be a better approach to utilize dilute saline water for irrigation instead of applies direct saline water to plant. This study provides new insight in the field of agricultural engineering to plan irrigation scheduling considering the crop ability to salt tolerance and irrigation water use efficiency by apply specific quantity of irrigation calculated based on the salt dilution point. It would be helpful to balance between irrigation amount and optimum crop water consumption in salt-affected regions and to utilize saline water in order to safe freshwater resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilution%20model" title="dilution model">dilution model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth%20traits" title=" plant growth traits"> plant growth traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-watering" title=" re-watering"> re-watering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92614/dilution-of-saline-irrigation-based-on-plants-physiological-responses-to-salt-stress-following-by-re-watering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4496</span> Evaluation of Genetic Diversity for Salt Stress in Maize Hybrids (Zea Mays L.) at Seedling Stage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Qayyum">Abdu Qayyum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Saeed"> Hafiz Muhammad Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamoona%20Hanif"> Mamoona Hanif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etrat%20Noor"> Etrat Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20Malik"> Waqas Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Liaqat"> Shoaib Liaqat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity is extremely serious problem that has a drastic effect on maize crop, environment and causes economic losses of country. An advance technique to overcome salinity is to develop salt tolerant geno types which require screening of huge germ plasm to start a breeding program. Therefore, present study was undertaken to screen out 25 maize hybrids of different origin for salinity tolerance at seedling stage under three levels of salt stress 250 and 300 mM NaCl including one control. The existence of variation for tolerance to enhanced NaCl salinity levels at seedling stage in maize proved that hybrids had differing ability to grow under saline environment and potential variability within specie. Almost all the twenty five maize hybrids behaved varyingly in response to different salinity levels. However, the maize hybrids H6, H13, H21, H23 and H24 expressed better performance under salt stress in terms of all six characters and proved to be as highly tolerant while H22, H17 H20, H18, H4, H9, and H8 were identified as moderately tolerant. Hybrids H14, H5, H11 and H3 H12, H2, were expressed as most sensitive to salinity suggesting that screening is an effective tool to exploit genetic variation among maize hybrids and salt tolerance in maize can be enhanced through selection and breeding procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title="salinity">salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrids" title=" hybrids"> hybrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation" title=" variation"> variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20925/evaluation-of-genetic-diversity-for-salt-stress-in-maize-hybrids-zea-mays-l-at-seedling-stage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">723</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4495</span> A Review on the Use of Salt in Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vesna%20Pungercar">Vesna Pungercar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Musso"> Florian Musso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying materials that can substitute rare or expensive natural resources is one of the key challenges for improving resource efficiency in the building sector. With a growing world population and rising living standards, more and more salt is produced as waste through seawater desalination and potash mining processes. Unfortunately, most of the salt is directly disposed of into nature, where it causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, salt is affordable, is used therapeutically in various respiratory treatments, and can store humidity and heat. It was, therefore, necessary to determine salt materials already in use in building construction and their hygrothermal properties. This research aims to identify salt materials from different scientific branches and historically, to investigate their properties and prioritize the most promising salt materials for indoor applications in a thermal envelope. This was realized through literature review and classification of salt materials into three groups (raw salt materials, composite salt materials, and processed salt materials). The outcome of this research shows that salt has already been used as a building material for centuries and has a potential for future applications due to its hygrothermal properties in a thermal envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title="salt">salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20material" title=" building material"> building material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygrothermal%20properties" title=" hygrothermal properties"> hygrothermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131197/a-review-on-the-use-of-salt-in-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4494</span> Salt Scarcity and Crisis Solution in Islam Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taufik%20Nugroho">Taufik Nugroho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firsty%20Dzainuurahmana"> Firsty Dzainuurahmana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tika%20Widiastuti"> Tika Widiastuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polemic about the salt crisis re-emerged, this is a classic problem in Indonesia and is still a homework that is not finished yet. This salt crisis occurs due to low productivity of salt commodities that have not been able to meet domestic demand and lack of salt productivity caused by several factors. One of the biggest factors of the crisis is the weather anomaly that disrupts salt production, less supportive technology and price stability. This study will try to discuss the salt scarcity and crisis solution in Islamic view. As for the conclusion of this study is the need for equilibrium or balancing between demand and supply, need to optimize the role of the government as Hisbah to maintain the balance of market mechanisms and prepare the stock system of salt stock by buying farmers products at reasonable prices then storing them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title="crisis">crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20solution" title=" Islamic solution"> Islamic solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scarcity" title=" scarcity"> scarcity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title=" salt"> salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85939/salt-scarcity-and-crisis-solution-in-islam-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4493</span> Differential Response of Cellular Antioxidants and Proteome Expression to Salt, Cadmium and Their Combination in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Bagheri">Rita Bagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Ahmed"> Javed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humayra%20Bashir"> Humayra Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Irfan%20Qureshi"> M. Irfan Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture lands suffer from a combination of stresses such as salinity and metal contamination including cadmium at the same time. Under such condition of multiple stresses, plant may exhibit unique responses different from the stress occurring individually. Thus, it would be interesting to investigate that how plant respond to combined stress at level of antioxidants and proteome expression, and identifying the proteins which are involved in imparting stress tolerance. With an approach of comparative proteomics and antioxidant analysis, present study investigates the response of Spinacia oleracea to salt (NaCl), cadmium (Cd), and their combination (NaCl+Cd) stress. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used for resolving leaf proteome, and proteins of interest were identified using PDQuest software. A number of proteins expressed differentially, those indicated towards their roles in imparting stress tolerance, were digested by trypsin and analyzed on mass spectrometer for peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Data signals were then matched with protein databases using MASCOT. Results show that NaCl, Cd and both together (NaCl+Cd) induce oxidative stress which was highest in combined stress of Cd+NaCl. Correspondingly, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants viz., SOD, APX, GR and CAT, and non-enzymatic antioxidants had highest changes under combined stress compares to single stress over their respective controls. Among the identified proteins, several interesting proteins were identified that may be have role in Spinacia oleracia tolerance in individual and combinatorial stress of salt and cadmium. The functional classification of identified proteins indicates the importance and necessity of keeping higher ratio of defence and disease responsive proteins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spinacia%20oleracea" title="Spinacia oleracea">Spinacia oleracea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cd" title=" Cd"> Cd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorial%20stress" title=" combinatorial stress"> combinatorial stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23795/differential-response-of-cellular-antioxidants-and-proteome-expression-to-salt-cadmium-and-their-combination-in-spinach-spinacia-oleracea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4492</span> Halophilic Bacterium: A Review of New Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassam%20Al%20Johny">Bassam Al Johny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Halophilic bacteria are organisms which thrive in salt-rich environments, such as salt lakes, solar salterns and salt mines which contain large populations of these organisms. In biotechnology, such salt-tolerant bacteria are widely used for the production of valuable enzymes, and more than a thousand years ago humans began using salt to cure and thereby preserve perishable foods and other materials, such as hides; halophiles can be detrimental to the preservation of salt brine cured hides. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the taxonomy of these organisms including novel isolates from rock salt, and also to discuss their current and future biotechnological and environmental uses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersaline%20environments" title="hypersaline environments">hypersaline environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halophilic%20bacteria" title=" halophilic bacteria"> halophilic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20application" title=" environmental application"> environmental application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20application" title=" industrial application"> industrial application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54097/halophilic-bacterium-a-review-of-new-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4491</span> Evaluation of Salt Content in Bread and the Amount Intake by Hypertensive Patients in the Algiers Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.lanasri">S.lanasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Boudjerrane"> A.Boudjerrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.Belgherbi"> R.Belgherbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.Hadjoudj"> O.Hadjoudj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Bread is the most popular food in Algeria. The aim of this study was to examine the consumption of salt from bread by hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: sixty breads were collected from different artisans Algiers bakeries, each sample was mixed in harm distilled water until homogeneous and filtered. Analysis of the salt content was carried out according to the Mohr method titration. We calculated the amount of salt in bread consumed by 100 hypertensive patients using a questionnaire about the average amount of bread per day. Results: The salt content values from bread were 3.4g ± 0.37 NaCl / 100g.The average amount of salt consumed per day by patients from only bread was 3.82 g ± 3.8 with a maximum of 17 g per day. Only 38.18% of patients consume bread without salt even then 95% knew that excess salt intake can complicate hypertension. Conclusion: This study showed that bread is a major contributor to salt intake by Algerian hypertensive patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title="salt">salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bread" title=" bread"> bread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertensive%20patients" title=" hypertensive patients"> hypertensive patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algiers" title=" Algiers"> Algiers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117913/evaluation-of-salt-content-in-bread-and-the-amount-intake-by-hypertensive-patients-in-the-algiers-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4490</span> Detection of PCD-Related Transcription Factors for Improving Salt Tolerance in Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bahieldin">A. Bahieldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Atef"> A. Atef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Edris"> S. Edris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20O.%20Gadalla"> N. O. Gadalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Hassan"> S. M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Al-Kordy"> M. A. Al-Kordy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Ramadan"> A. M. Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20M.%20Al-%20Hajar"> A. S. M. Al- Hajar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20M.%20El-Domyati"> F. M. El-Domyati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The idea of this work is based on a natural exciting phenomenon suggesting that suppression of genes related to the program cell death (or PCD) mechanism might help the plant cells to efficiently tolerate abiotic stresses. The scope of this work was the detection of PCD-related transcription factors (TFs) that might also be related to salt stress tolerance in plant. Two model plants, e.g., tobacco and Arabidopsis, were utilized in order to investigate this phenomenon. Occurrence of PCD was first proven by Evans blue staining and DNA laddering after tobacco leaf discs were treated with oxalic acid (OA) treatment (20 mM) for 24 h. A number of 31 TFs up regulated after 2 h and co-expressed with genes harboring PCD-related domains were detected via RNA-Seq analysis and annotation. These TFs were knocked down via virus induced gene silencing (VIGS), an RNA interference (RNAi) approach, and tested for their influence on triggering PCD machinery. Then, Arabidopsis SALK knocked out T-DNA insertion mutants in selected TFs analogs to those in tobacco were tested under salt stress (up to 250 mM NaCl) in order to detect the influence of different TFs on conferring salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Involvement of a number of candidate abiotic-stress related TFs was investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VIGS" title="VIGS">VIGS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCD" title=" PCD"> PCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-Seq" title=" RNA-Seq"> RNA-Seq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcription%20factors" title=" transcription factors"> transcription factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42508/detection-of-pcd-related-transcription-factors-for-improving-salt-tolerance-in-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4489</span> Screening Some Accessions of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) for Salt Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage in Eastern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azene%20Tesfaye">Azene Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohannes%20Petros"> Yohannes Petros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habtamu%20Zeleke"> Habtamu Zeleke </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate genetic variation among Ethiopian lentil, laboratory experiment were conducted to screen 12 accessions of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) for salt tolerance. Seeds of 12 Lentil accessions were grown at laboratory (Petri dish) condition with different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, and 8 dSm-1 NaCl) for 4 weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial combination with three replications. Data analysis was carried out using SAS software. Average germination time, germination percentage, seedling shoot and root traits, seedling shoot and root weight were evaluated. The two way ANOVA for varieties revealed statistically significant variation among lentil accession, NaCl level and their interactions (p<0.001) with respect to the entire parameters. It was found that salt stress significantly delays germination rate and decreases germination percentage, shoot and root length, seedling shoot and root weight of lentil accessions. The degree of decrement varied with accessions and salinity levels. Accessions 36120, 9235 and 36004 were better salt tolerant than the other accessions. As the result, it is recommended to be used as a genetic resource for the development of lentil accession and other very salt sensitive crop with improved germination under salt stress condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accession" title="accession">accession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lentil" title=" lentil"> lentil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seedling%20stage" title=" seedling stage"> seedling stage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29040/screening-some-accessions-of-lentil-lens-culinaris-m-for-salt-tolerance-at-germination-and-early-seedling-stage-in-eastern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4488</span> The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolism in Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Plant Exposed to Drought and Salt Stresses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazilet%20%C3%96zlem%20%C3%87eki%C3%A7">Fazilet Özlem Çekiç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyda%20Y%C4%B1lmaz"> Seyda Yılmaz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity and drought are important environmental problems in the world and have negative effects on plant metabolism. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool. GABA is widely distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Environmental stress factors increase GABA accumulation in plants. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA) on GABA metabolism system during drought and salt stress factors in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. GABA, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, chlorophyll, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) analyses were determined. According to our results we can suggest that GA play a role in GABA metabolism during salt and drought stresses in bean plants. Also GABA shunt is an important metabolic pathway and key signaling allowing to adapt to drought and salt stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gibberellic%20acid" title="gibberellic acid">gibberellic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GABA" title=" GABA"> GABA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phaseolus%20vulgaris%20L." title=" Phaseolus vulgaris L."> Phaseolus vulgaris L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought "> drought </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16184/the-effect-of-gibberellic-acid-on-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-gaba-metabolism-in-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-plant-exposed-to-drought-and-salt-stresses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4487</span> Genomic and Proteomic Variation in Glycine Max Genotypes towards Salinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faheema%20Khan">Faheema Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to investigate the influence of genetic background on salt tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max) ten soybean genotypes released/notified in India were selected. (Pusa-20, Pusa-40, Pusa-37, Pusa-16, Pusa-24, Pusa-22, BRAGG, PK-416, PK-1042, and DS-9712). The 10-day-old seedlings were subjected to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mM NaCl for 15 days. Plant growth, leaf osmotic adjustment, and RAPD analysis were studied. In comparison to control plants, the plant growth in all genotypes was decreased by salt stress, respectively. Salt stress decreased leaf osmotic potential in all genotypes however the maximum reduction was observed in genotype Pusa-24 followed by PK-416 and Pusa-20. The difference in osmotic adjustment between all the genotypes was correlated with the concentrations of ion examined such as Na+ and the leaf proline concentration. These results suggest that the genotypic variation for salt tolerance can be partially accounted for by plant physiological measures. The genetic polymorphisms between soybean genotypes differing in response to salt stress were characterized using 25 RAPD primers. These primers generated a total of 1640 amplification products, among which 1615 were found to be polymorphic. A very high degree of polymorphism (98.30%) was observed. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic similarity indices grouped all the genotypes into two major clusters. Intra-clustering within the two clusters precisely grouped the 10 genotypes in sub-cluster as expected from their physiological findings. Our results show that RAPD technique is a sensitive, precise and efficient tool for genomic analysis in soybean genotypes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine%20max" title="glycine max">glycine max</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAPD" title=" RAPD"> RAPD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18089/genomic-and-proteomic-variation-in-glycine-max-genotypes-towards-salinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4486</span> In vitro Assessment of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) Seedlings Growth and Proline Production under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Wahid">Amir Wahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Hadi"> Fazal Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Ullah%20Jan"> Amin Ullah Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomato and Cauliflower seedlings were grown in-vitro under salt concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, and 10 dSm-1) with objectives to investigate; (1) The effect of salinity on seedling growth and free proline production, (2) the correlation between seedling growth and proline contents, (3) comparative salt tolerance of both species. Different concentrations of salt showed considerable effect on percent (%) germination of seeds, length and biomass of shoot and root and also showed effect on percent water content of both plants seedlings. Germination rate in cauliflower was two times higher than tomato even at highest salt concentration (10 dSm-1). Seedling growth of both species was less effected at low salt concentrations (2 and 4 dSm-1) but at high concentrations (6 and 8 dSm-1) the seedling growth of both species was significantly decreased. Particularly the tomato root was highly significantly reduced. The proline level linearly increased in both species with increasing salt concentrations up-to 4 dSm-1 and then declined. The cauliflower showed higher free proline level than tomato under all salt treatments. Overall, the cauliflower seedlings showed better growth response along with higher proline contents on comparison with tomato seedlings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl%20%28Sodium%20Chloride%29" title="NaCl (Sodium Chloride)">NaCl (Sodium Chloride)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EC%20%28Electrical%20Conductivity%29" title=" EC (Electrical Conductivity)"> EC (Electrical Conductivity)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MS%20%28Murashig%20and%20Skoog%29" title=" MS (Murashig and Skoog)"> MS (Murashig and Skoog)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA%20%28Analysis%20of%20Variance%29" title=" ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)"> ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSD%20%28Least%20Significant%20Differences%29" title=" LSD (Least Significant Differences)"> LSD (Least Significant Differences)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16523/in-vitro-assessment-of-tomato-lycopersicon-esculentum-and-cauliflower-brassica-oleracea-seedlings-growth-and-proline-production-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4485</span> Assessment of Genetic Variability of Potato Genotypes for Proline Under Salt Stress Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elchin%20Hajiyev">Elchin Hajiyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afet%20Memmedova%20Dadash"> Afet Memmedova Dadash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20Hajiyeva"> Sabina Hajiyeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aynur%20Karimova"> Aynur Karimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramiz%20Aliyev"> Ramiz Aliyev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although potatoes have a wide distribution range, the yield potential of varieties varies greatly depending on the region. Our country is made up of agricultural regions with very different environmental characteristics.In this case, we cannot expect the introduced varieties to show the same adaptation to the different conditions of our country. For this reason, in our country, varieties with high general adaptability should be used, rather than varieties with special adaptability in certain areas. Soil salinization has become a global problem.Increased salinity has a serious impact on food security by reducing plant productivity. Plants have protective mechanisms of adaptation to salt stress, such as the synthesis of physiologically active substances, resistance to antioxidant stress and oxidation of membrane lipids. One of these substances is free proline. Our study revealed genetic variation in proline accumulation among samples exposed to stress factors.Changes in proline content under stress conditions were studied in 50 samples. There was wide variation across all treatments.The amount of proline varied between 7.2–37.7 μM/g under salinity conditions.The lowest rate was in the SF33 genotype (1.5 times more than the control (2.5 μM/g)).The highest level of proline under the influence of salt stress was in the SF45 genotype (7.25 times higher than the control (32.5 μM/g)). Our studies have found that the protective system reacts differently to the influence of stress factors. According to the results obtained on the amount of proline, adaptation mechanisms must be more actively activated to maintain metabolism and ensure viability in sensitive forms under the influence of stress factors. At high doses of the salt stressor, a tenfold increase in proline compared to the control indicates significant damage to the plant organism as a result of stress.To prevent damage to the body, the antioxidant system needs to quickly mobilize and work at full capacity in adverse conditions. An increase in the dose of the stress factor salt in our study caused a greater increase in the amount of free proline in plant tissues. Considering the functions of proline as an osmoprotector and antioxidant, it was found that increasing its amount is aimed at protecting the plant from the acute effects of stressors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20variability" title="genetic variability">genetic variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotypes" title=" genotypes"> genotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proline" title=" proline"> proline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186487/assessment-of-genetic-variability-of-potato-genotypes-for-proline-under-salt-stress-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4484</span> Alleviation of Salt Stress Effects on Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Plants Grown in a Saline Soil by Foliar Spray with Salicylic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Howladar">Saad Howladar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, restricting plant growth and crop productivity in different world regions, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, including Saudi Arabia. The tomato plant is proven to be moderately sensitive to salt stress. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted using tomato plants (Hybrid 6130) to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of salicylic acid (SA; 0, 20, 40, and 60 µM) applied as foliar spraying in improving plant tolerance to saline soil conditions. Tomato plant growth, yield, osmoprotectants, chloeophyll fluorescence, and ionic contents were determined. The results of this study displayed that growth and yield components and physiological attributes of water-sprayed plants (the control) grown under saline soil conditions were negatively impacted. However, under the adverse conditions of salinity, SA-treated plants had enhanced growth and yield components of tomato plants compared to the control. Free proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, membrane stability index, and nutrients contents (e.g., N, P, K⁺, and Ca²⁺) were also improved significantly, while Na⁺ content was significantly reduced in SA-applied tomato plants. SA at 40 µM was the best treatment, which could be recommended to use for salt-stressed tomato plants to enable them to tolerate the adverse conditions of saline soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomatoes" title="tomatoes">tomatoes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll%20fluorescence" title=" chlorophyll fluorescence"> chlorophyll fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydration%20tolerance" title=" dehydration tolerance"> dehydration tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmoprotectants" title=" osmoprotectants"> osmoprotectants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121930/alleviation-of-salt-stress-effects-on-solanum-lycopersicum-l-plants-grown-in-a-saline-soil-by-foliar-spray-with-salicylic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4483</span> Genomic and Proteomic Variability in Glycine Max Genotypes in Response to Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faheema%20Khan">Faheema Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate the ability of sensitive and tolerant genotype of Glycine max to adapt to a saline environment in a field, we examined the growth performance, water relation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in relation to photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment concentration, protein and proline in plants exposed to salt stress. Ten soybean genotypes (Pusa-20, Pusa-40, Pusa-37, Pusa-16, Pusa-24, Pusa-22, BRAGG, PK-416, PK-1042, and DS-9712) were selected and grown hydroponically. After 3 days of proper germination, the seedlings were transferred to Hoagland’s solution (Hoagland and Arnon 1950). The growth chamber was maintained at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 430 μmol m−2 s−1, 14 h of light, 10 h of dark and a relative humidity of 60%. The nutrient solution was bubbled with sterile air and changed on alternate days. Ten-day-old seedlings were given seven levels of salt in the form of NaCl viz., T1 = 0 mM NaCl, T2=25 mM NaCl, T3=50 mM NaCl, T4=75 mM NaCl, T5=100 mM NaCl, T6=125 mM NaCl, T7=150 mM NaCl. The investigation showed that genotype Pusa-24, PK-416 and Pusa-20 appeared to be the most salt-sensitive. genotypes as inferred from their significantly reduced length, fresh weight and dry weight in response to the NaCl exposure. Pusa-37 appeared to be the most tolerant genotype since no significant effect of NaCl treatment on growth was found. We observed a greater decline in the photosynthetic variables like photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content, in salt-sensitive (Pusa-24) genotype than in salt-tolerant Pusa-37 under high salinity. Numerous primers were verified on ten soybean genotypes obtained from Operon technologies among which 30 RAPD primers shown high polymorphism and genetic variation. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient values for each pairwise comparison between cultivars were calculated and similarity coefficient matrix was constructed. The closer varieties in the cluster behaved similar in their response to salinity tolerance. Intra-clustering within the two clusters precisely grouped the 10 genotypes in sub-cluster as expected from their physiological findings.Salt tolerant genotype Pusa-37, was further analysed by 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis to analyse the differential expression of proteins at high salt stress. In the Present study, 173 protein spots were identified. Of these, 40 proteins responsive to salinity were either up- or down-regulated in Pusa-37. Proteomic analysis in salt-tolerant genotype (Pusa-37) led to the detection of proteins involved in a variety of biological processes, such as protein synthesis (12 %), redox regulation (19 %), primary and secondary metabolism (25 %), or disease- and defence-related processes (32 %). In conclusion, the soybean plants in our study responded to salt stress by changing their protein expression pattern. The photosynthetic, biochemical and molecular study showed that there is variability in salt tolerance behaviour in soybean genotypes. Pusa-24 is the salt-sensitive and Pusa-37 is the salt-tolerant genotype. Moreover this study gives new insights into the salt-stress response in soybean and demonstrates the power of genomic and proteomic approach in plant biology studies which finally could help us in identifying the possible regulatory switches (gene/s) controlling the salt tolerant genotype of the crop plants and their possible role in defence mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine%20max" title="glycine max">glycine max</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAPD" title=" RAPD"> RAPD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genomic%20and%20proteomic%20variability" title=" genomic and proteomic variability"> genomic and proteomic variability</a> </p> <a 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