CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917686d739bb563a',cH: 'oabUFRHN2Z2v2oTnA8MdYcqsWtcaZZTWjPT2x8e8GcQ-1740474253-1.2.1.1-4qQaQj_LBRmEAfjWLnMY9Slg2l_saY7KCPltIgC0M58Kdh3f2mQU8t8eV9IEc5dU',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=thermal%20deformation&__cf_chl_tk=6vaLAiHpE7mXCHG4mvASuClb5XerIojnfHgy6hvZDc8-1740474253-1.0.1.1-Ba6VEcKGyRDGKmYEZr_V6Opt3e7kafvRkiprXeLJ0zY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740474253',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=thermal%20deformation&__cf_chl_f_tk=6vaLAiHpE7mXCHG4mvASuClb5XerIojnfHgy6hvZDc8-1740474253-1.0.1.1-Ba6VEcKGyRDGKmYEZr_V6Opt3e7kafvRkiprXeLJ0zY",md: "4o1U5eMKP_cKZH4tbbloePhRZEhl90aeXL7.HdnyKec-1740474253-1.2.1.1-6MbNzfBxsu5Q1OYVXLRz73V6f5mRWrH9aOfoA9nvuaVJH8dPwbYPiukGh4JSJSwWM10Hn7Rc2.FywqkJalya2J5MstF3LvpP_WLNN3xjJRfMzhBVXaCJjS2LtiEOjQANZZSaXw9GBK5twMXj9uyabEVhHu5hpanpYdprFwZBeaPguhSH.7BgF7AjNaMLxupqMURRzzTlPzQBUEhJH_46MqlWqaCpzvFuOF4aJWHWPoi8PcXTp0u1NfPEfD15VQBxQj2SQASAUxP7PauWEGjIh0nM4MWq4c_oJLf6KHsA0jcqJH6XHy9S0.hTG0C5ueDTp8pfv_LPPY4yYMrcPO0Cxw5EzvoGqo2wBlCno8h6pXaYCWV_TekE4ySdPZ0ci.5Qjt0mhCgRqCRaJkl0mfTcWbGdNBbar2eIIPkTSIj1GrFu.QbruUNIcY11xaU9DU9nZnpW_EQQfm8HpzgOdPfwFUuyjqAl4UcB1AzYAoaJkbt9uthioUxfD27jraiRbrKSNp_lZ3opgr6BBzpWSkhZuyo50OL.CDTpGUSPuUQ6STA7neu_SACfirkQtiAdXyT2DZd__eCDB0.d4DbqzgkCGjUK81zM1ycPkM4Jj_JkY4mJb5tHBVazl4dLv1_bWL8L4Qiz5mpT8nmRndASFWMI5mvNkIXyZAOaJ_A49x0RBQpPpInzYvEH4VUnVogDZZtEtEXeiZVH14rqvCZsctdwGxaoKh8iMBe4qasuQwKgPP5CfrGio4A9lb1hUjfqciEEhGqT91COXz8spNT6tUyi4mSTV0.a4Qo7ellkY0U0TO_KQ__CPOFZluhZzeIJtSkQ1HRSKNELfKpUJOYlPo0ZJrbOWHSvbq6kwf8hOQ.0Bkg6whxoY8cc304rhUCFRwcHnyAJx7C2qgT_e6Nv.3FoFZQmgW8gNtrS6io17TmHX6Nei4zOmPBL5AUpGE7Dg9RvuBrBfUwYrdP6BEz4ebvhlaoADbBzoJj62N5X7j1kE1YCny2_M.SaNOOxmYIMlO.dFDszE5mvJ1Ljd8ou2itKHxhEJayb9zOpE8_gWDNIcPr3Ke9yV6VlJQzWuVgtt.48NIu0yP1PBh7JLVTZGV1PQzxOiIfe.PApuTVvOWFtgOWJSnN7VLM5bKlRAVlCj1j8O_WKFSoAgGlQr3fMR54iTuFdypJPa9iiLjoeFy7UiHQWaG5vb.0yCw.czkAcnB8wiJHnwtdJF3M3uhnRmtp_uD5HoHql1tGtBlnf2buIw2QgJeYtZG6CfLNxdrf2OyIm2rP7ygjqplxUhpVPNsCv8FeUoLN8pTihZB2qKWIaUxDm.Qed_Czg8HJx3selspkkOMzcDgxDjsuUsp4sBiARknVg9ld6G2F14aXVUaynXCradf9z_SDxjhQtnNFS8s6H5WGBXDJ6d_oF0sgjdqXHwIIN88_q0UdQuqGMq4DXXaxtY2z8uvfTgV7GSNysgIqQnGm9Zry_XvlxaCMzq8suyReHnK.HaLcU9axnUqmpH2TMKjWTLUTxOMeU.H2bxFF5s9vW4dPBQ.oBuQO.cdnO2EAmRaXvu2U4PPV4zG7c.LxC_vvUYTDFeJ7SZMX5GhacHT.N213A.XCD0IfC6F2ZxxBuhMxCbsWvemXjoDw.R8rR.7jdeOV.FcMqLJURW5VEd_WJT0IhdpzuVqcEkBNBS3YfF8Ed9zfsiEgvPQkvDNxRn20jFL7O0MsW.t07X0FBglwm5ZoJmSCPV6i_FYvXAFI2DYkxQQsssFX6Gfa2t8afkxB2w3THYNiidrNhuA2It6DkJ7ao_RQ.nNe0Hrz_nKei_vWbj5vX5gvSnBqU968wRsnRdBC5DS.j97OYt3ZHMGxjEVWsTQ6u8o.2YswBEv3hvkwTLH1HBm1EiJs59fL8e3HmGi7gG5fXmF9qPMuzntwS4fZteXSX8ALgjejzvJvuR7x8Tc3k.HvThc9USEae17g936BxQ5Wnpo4fW03R",mdrd: "lVyyGPopRWkomcay5WsFP0HluoF060yRPrtvnlLpXUg-1740474253-1.2.1.1-16EaIBKNRMBWC4zKGgy9Wach0kcmtOo_DjgITG8lsBG12DE9owph_ppV.z4fXVoe7.jPKOElaLKc4iBfR8R762tMoGtiwov89ZwKITWqfwqv24FAbDNRdcRFU_TcnK7clet6RxPLBXdsS8CrKeB0Sl40PtCi.GDGAXFsUGveBrp_eh6T4_wmaCELcK5HAS0k4ozbdHe8yCJKeINlep1X6zAslUx0wSErJIndRVCJcDngMEQ2hPLRgGB1gzuHLnOud7GkdgRBqxXglZvqYlqc8QzOydhgVSkQ0YSSuhLfmIZvVc8Gf7flz_.SwHfgGriNbzRu20wb4TWd59C1xICa9F1bLN2iq2S3.DjPgUQkkaXS9KIs3LRmFLU54VIGWnEofk_TOf02rjDoZqMQA6rFvJP7_f_W3NkcIyxwUkPt9Sp13Wpi5YDdVek5ufq9nYDR5d_7ZAOD9oWYRmKAyPpNq6rWdttssg1RMGzOTemPeUEQzudvh_Jf.hIUeOLDjwQj9_EkpCAtfJdr1_HsazN3Bh_09k9t6vdaV0m3LI2fuywhX9yyd2H06YKCOefumG_IHO1GHEQN2zqte_N5nIXdkLYinpr.dIBJEvgFT1D8ymESEI9e85UFACuUF8XCcjQB2UrIzuo.porVS03tD54pwPAj38OQvk2dNbhL73FPIONC0hNcCAEPCVYvN7va_EcMnNyiTnw1rXK88B523so89nPVTR0exLd6YftpmPa.1iBLvzQVLCJ8CBLnnQ4Pc.qGU8g35jvFBaqn5z5cBxhzOob1c59IDlLQTu.uo8gAYDIBgahZPMrQnAmdnII30pPCH3AGWicjYVIL_0HTtmntRgaeySNx7TVozC7Qys_p2A7pAfFpgcSxe74NN28y7qYZU2ivG84NR130Pql0JhrUtg5cLZ1vR8uTjHWGGm7Zb8oQXzPWXqMTFTBkeTkoTu9wnktaret5Qge3EEd_OrMvtQqghyXs_Lifxw8Cv9A9qGhkXyeBijGQFzwGpcE0Sqnw7q_55UjvChGRl8hAXVCHKnOqN2DzVnSS53DMyyOiogConLAlZnRFH3dv564Bc8MkWFCavvKuvPPOapHWfF2wANw4SijlLbFuB54oXg3jK_SqYkXXJkbDKkqlZ4tY310fUx5zMNHTuSrxmkNR0oqWq.ZMEf9G_GbBw4058sGowv3XAlfK9K7SEtfN2EiBp1m41SW1Gnfk1mIx8Acdf633QFyE4YMOzGdR60Xxtl_zaEicvpMV.eit6NyRJUDgxwmXmbe6mxUQrwZNOfrTxT.MAf_67G_IC6X0ew45oXiwCBvF.B7JO9tufYGes0G0fZ3uR1v1PmIFRgOUmMdBPzRssPj6V509t0Z6QPDDLRwwivgEc5fCVWqNEneD_NP_Uw.2QItvS99QEZOiD3NE58eXQuueJdMVppye_Md8SyxiBaW8iDI_OHlfYF9JELE0UdBtG5KLipmZCbK.WNAZuE_8zlVsl92Ww8PZitm02RNaAtAxwNTmi3GJFq3zb.lkSxHfGWUoON8egnHshzIMlN7HV84gWKeRiyJei0OkNLFIo5ImI4GyTtnIznh4fEFNV9bLHO4CnZ7MO1F4UKWD0bPjeUbyGlhiJuM5iW4WzyJJ62UQ8pASrxSPXvMxYDXQt5JQmS2APyHM2HT9M0z3qnpCV1CdnZEVWlImXIkR8xFgK_EXFF8PdbWlwe.JQdBN0xwX5TUuHqQkVfKWzeY1.36d8_DvTu9gBtAZvfqje_0Li4jUnEt19OAY0xmZOjdRVlsMzEy2N0Zf3I0pZpOMy0qqUbLOuwbfZuogkYX3W_TcQXjJq95DWEobmtaYEgQcSmhk3wbqdYTa7KQg5jLFrjmHnvUUGDj5lOMcrDcl86spEH.T6TNCQGLfVHqTIf_tBjbrqwIHKT0Ye7idh5QoxqqY6_keIqp9BJyt2QeJDhMgqzlBfe0do561J2XQN_YX0E80"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917686d739bb563a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=thermal%20deformation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=6vaLAiHpE7mXCHG4mvASuClb5XerIojnfHgy6hvZDc8-1740474253-1.0.1.1-Ba6VEcKGyRDGKmYEZr_V6Opt3e7kafvRkiprXeLJ0zY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>