CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Batman (1989 film) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fb6f214e-9fcf-46b7-88e5-e0fd3407cc86","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Batman_(1989_film)","wgTitle":"Batman (1989 film)","wgCurRevisionId":1278940715,"wgRevisionId":1278940715,"wgArticleId":4726,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Pages containing links to subscription-only content","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use American English from January 2025","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Good articles","Use mdy dates from May 2015","Template film date with 3 release dates","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from January 2022","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","1989 films","1989 action films","1980s American films","1980s British films","1980s English-language films","1980s superhero films","American action films","American films about revenge","American superhero films","Films set in art museums and galleries","Batman (1989 film series)","British action films","British films about revenge","British superhero films","Casting controversies in film","Films adapted into comics","Films directed by Tim Burton","Films produced by Jon Peters","Films produced by Peter Guber","Films scored by Danny Elfman","Films shot at Pinewood Studios","Films shot in Bedfordshire","Films shot in Hertfordshire","Films shot in London","Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award","Films with screenplays by Sam Hamm","Films with screenplays by Warren Skaaren","Joker (character) in other media","PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films","Saturn Award–winning films","Warner Bros. films","English-language action films"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Batman_(1989_film)","wgRelevantArticleId":4726,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q116852","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5a/Batman_%281989%29_theatrical_poster.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1802"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5a/Batman_%281989%29_theatrical_poster.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1202"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="961"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Batman (1989 film) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Batman_1989_film rootpage-Batman_1989_film skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Batman+%281989+film%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Batman+%281989+film%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Batman+%281989+film%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Batman+%281989+film%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Plot </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Cast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Production </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Casting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Filming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Video games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comic_book_continuations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comic_book_continuations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Comic book continuations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comic_book_continuations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_sequel_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_sequel_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Direct sequel novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_sequel_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Batman (1989 film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" > 54 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_1989)" title="باتمان (فيلم 1989) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتمان (فيلم 1989)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betmen_(film,_1989)" title="Betmen (film, 1989) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Betmen (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%D8%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B9)" title="بتمن (فیلم، ۱۹۸۹) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بتمن (فیلم، ۱۹۸۹)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC,_1989)" title="Батман (филм, 1989) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Батман (филм, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(pel%C2%B7l%C3%ADcula_de_1989)" title="Batman (pel·lícula de 1989) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batman (pel·lícula de 1989)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(ffilm_1989)" title="Batman (ffilm 1989) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Batman (ffilm 1989)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film)" title="Batman (film) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Batman (film)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(Film)" title="Batman (Film) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Batman (Film)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_1989)" title="Batman (film 1989) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Batman (film 1989)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD_(%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1,_1989)" title="Μπάτμαν (ταινία, 1989) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπάτμαν (ταινία, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_1989)" title="Batman (film 1989) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Batman (film 1989)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(pel%C3%ADcula_de_1989)" title="Batman (película de 1989) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batman (película de 1989)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(filmo)" title="Batman (filmo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batman (filmo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989ko_filma)" title="Batman (1989ko filma) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Batman (1989ko filma)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B9)" title="بتمن (فیلم ۱۹۸۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بتمن (فیلم ۱۹۸۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(filme_de_1989)" title="Batman (filme de 1989) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Batman (filme de 1989)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%ED%8A%B8%EB%A7%A8_(1989%EB%85%84_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94)" title="배트맨 (1989년 영화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배트맨 (1989년 영화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B4,_1989)" title="Բեթմեն (ֆիլմ, 1989) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեթմեն (ֆիլմ, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8_(1989_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)" title="बैटमैन (1989 फ़िल्म) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बैटमैन (1989 फ़िल्म)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989.)" title="Batman (1989.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Batman (1989.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_1989)" title="Batman (film 1989) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batman (film 1989)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_1989)" title="Batman (film 1989) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Batman (film 1989)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%9F_(%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98,_1989)" title="באטמן (סרט, 1989) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באטמן (סרט, 1989)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(1989_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ბეტმენი (1989 წლის ფილმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეტმენი (1989 წლის ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(pellicula_anni_1989)" title="Batman (pellicula anni 1989) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Batman (pellicula anni 1989)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betmens_(1989._gada_filma)" title="Betmens (1989. gada filma) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Betmens (1989. gada filma)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%B4_1989)" title="Бетмен (филм од 1989) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бетмен (филм од 1989)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(1989_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ბეტმენი (1989 წანაშ ფილმი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბეტმენი (1989 წანაშ ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_1989)" title="باتمان (فيلم 1989) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتمان (فيلم 1989)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989)" title="Batman (1989) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Batman (1989)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3_(%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB)" title="バットマン (映画) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バットマン (映画)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989)" title="Batman (1989) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Batman (1989)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_1989)" title="Batman (film 1989) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Batman (film 1989)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989)" title="Batman (1989) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batman (1989)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_din_1989)" title="Batman (film din 1989) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Batman (film din 1989)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC,_1989)" title="Бэтмен (фильм, 1989) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бэтмен (фильм, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(1989_movie)" title="Batman (1989 movie) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Batman (1989 movie)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film_z_roku_1989)" title="Batman (film z roku 1989) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Batman (film z roku 1989)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A8%D9%A9)" title="باتمان (فیلم ١٩٨٩) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باتمان (فیلم ١٩٨٩)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_1989)" title="Бетмен (филм из 1989) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бетмен (филм из 1989)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(vuoden_1989_elokuva)" title="Batman (vuoden 1989 elokuva) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Batman (vuoden 1989 elokuva)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(pelikula_ng_1989)" title="Batman (pelikula ng 1989) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Batman (pelikula ng 1989)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="பேட் மேன் (திரைப்படம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேட் மேன் (திரைப்படம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(film,_1989)" title="Batman (film, 1989) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batman (film, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC,_1989)" title="Бетмен (фільм, 1989) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бетмен (фільм, 1989)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(phim_1989)" title="Batman (phim 1989) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Batman (phim 1989)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0%E4%BF%A0_(1989%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="蝙蝠俠 (1989年電影) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蝙蝠俠 (1989年電影)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0%E4%BF%A0_(1989%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="蝙蝠俠 (1989年電影) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蝙蝠俠 (1989年電影)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q116852#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Batman_(1989_film)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Batman_(1989_film)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Batman_(1989_film)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&oldid=1278940715" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Batman_%281989_film%29&id=1278940715&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatman_%281989_film%29">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatman_%281989_film%29">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Batman_%281989_film%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Batman_(1989)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q116852" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1989 superhero film by Tim Burton</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Batman '89" redirects here. For the DC Comic book series, see <a href="/wiki/Batman_%2789_(comic_book)" title="Batman '89 (comic book)">Batman '89 (comic book)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Batman</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Batman_(1989)_theatrical_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Batman_%281989%29_theatrical_poster.jpg/250px-Batman_%281989%29_theatrical_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5a/Batman_%281989%29_theatrical_poster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="389" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by Bill Garland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Skaaren" title="Warren Skaaren">Warren Skaaren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Story by</th><td class="infobox-data">Sam Hamm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Characters by <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a></li> <li><div><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="display: inline"><ul style="display: inline"><li style="display: inline"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a><a href="#cite_note-Finger-2">[a]</a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Peters" title="Jon Peters">Jon Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Guber" title="Peter Guber">Peter Guber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Basinger" title="Kim Basinger">Kim Basinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wuhl" title="Robert Wuhl">Robert Wuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hingle" title="Pat Hingle">Pat Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gough" title="Michael Gough">Michael Gough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pratt_(cinematographer)" title="Roger Pratt (cinematographer)">Roger Pratt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lovejoy" title="Ray Lovejoy">Ray Lovejoy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros.</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-3">[2]</a></li><li>Guber-Peters Company<a href="#cite_note-afi-3">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram_Filmed_Entertainment" title="PolyGram Filmed Entertainment">PolyGram Pictures</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-3">[2]</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Warner Bros.<a href="#cite_note-afi-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>June 19, 1989 (1989-6-19) (<a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Los_Angeles" title="Westwood, Los Angeles">Westwood, Los Angeles</a>)</li> <li>June 23, 1989 (1989-6-23) (United States)</li> <li>August 11, 1989 (1989-8-11) (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">126 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United States<a href="#cite_note-Lumiere-4">[3]</a></li><li>United Kingdom<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$48 million<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$411.6 million<a href="#cite_note-BoxOfficeMojo-7">[6]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Batman is a 1989 <a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">superhero film</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">character of the same name</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a>. Directed by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>, it is the first installment of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>' <a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film#Tim_Burton_and_Joel_Schumacher_series_(1989–1997)" title="Batman in film">initial Batman film series</a>. The film was produced by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Peters" title="Jon Peters">Jon Peters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Guber" title="Peter Guber">Peter Guber</a> and stars <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Basinger" title="Kim Basinger">Kim Basinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wuhl" title="Robert Wuhl">Robert Wuhl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hingle" title="Pat Hingle">Pat Hingle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gough" title="Michael Gough">Michael Gough</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a>. The film takes place early in the war on crime of <a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film_series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman (1989 film series character)">the title character</a> (Keaton) and depicts his conflict with his <a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">archenemy</a> <a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">the Joker</a> (Nicholson). After Burton was hired as director in 1986, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Hickson" title="Julie Hickson">Julie Hickson</a> wrote <a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">film treatments</a> before <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a> wrote the first screenplay. Batman was not <a href="/wiki/Greenlight" title="Greenlight">greenlit</a> until after the success of Burton's <a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a> (1988). The tone and themes of the film were partly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke" title="Batman: The Killing Joke">The Killing Joke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller" title="Frank Miller">Frank Miller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns" title="The Dark Knight Returns">The Dark Knight Returns</a>. The film primarily adapts and then diverges from the "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_Behind_the_Red_Hood!" title="The Man Behind the Red Hood!">Red Hood</a>" <a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">origin story</a> for the Joker, having Batman inadvertently cause <a href="/wiki/Gangster" title="Gangster">gangster</a> Jack Napier to fall into Axis Chemical acid, triggering his transformation into the <a href="/wiki/Psychotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotic">psychotic</a> Joker. Additionally, Batman co-creator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a> worked as a consultant for the film. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Leading_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading man">leading men</a> were considered for the role of Batman before Keaton was cast. Keaton's casting was controversial since, by 1988, he had become <a href="/wiki/Typecasting_(acting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typecasting (acting)">typecast</a> as a comedic actor and many observers doubted he could portray a serious role.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Nicholson accepted the role of the Joker under strict conditions that dictated top <a href="/wiki/Billing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billing (filmmaking)">billing</a>, a portion of the film's earnings (including associated merchandise), and his own shooting schedule. Filming took place at <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a> from October 1988 to January 1989. The budget escalated from $30 million to $48 million, while the <a href="/wiki/1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1988 Writers Guild of America strike">1988 Writers Guild of America strike</a> forced Hamm to drop out. <a href="/wiki/Warren_Skaaren" title="Warren Skaaren">Warren Skaaren</a> did rewrites, with additional uncredited drafts done by <a href="/wiki/Charles_McKeown" title="Charles McKeown">Charles McKeown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Gems" title="Jonathan Gems">Jonathan Gems</a>. Batman was both critically and financially successful, earning over $400 million in box office totals. Critics and audiences particularly praised Nicholson and Keaton's performances, Burton's direction, the production design, and Elfman's score. It was the sixth-highest-grossing film in history at the time of its release. The film received several <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Award">Saturn Award</a> nominations and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe</a> nomination for Nicholson's performance, and won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Academy Award for Best Art Direction</a>. The film was followed by three sequels: <a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> (1992), with both Burton and Keaton returning; <a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a> (1995), which featured <a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a> in the lead role; and <a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a> (1997), which featured <a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> in the role. Keaton eventually reprised the role of Batman in the <a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a> film <a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(film)" title="The Flash (film)">The Flash</a> (2023). The film also led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">Batman: The Animated Series</a> (1992–1995), which in turn began the <a href="/wiki/DC_Animated_Universe" title="DC Animated Universe">DC Animated Universe</a> of spin-off media, and has influenced <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a>'s modern marketing and development techniques of the superhero film genre. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2></div> Reporter Alexander Knox and photojournalist <a href="/wiki/Vicki_Vale" title="Vicki Vale">Vicki Vale</a> investigate sightings of "<a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film_series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman (1989 film series character)">Batman</a>", a masked vigilante targeting <a href="/wiki/Gotham_City" title="Gotham City">Gotham City</a>'s criminals. Both attend a fundraiser hosted by billionaire Bruce Wayne, who is secretly Batman, having chosen this path after witnessing a mugger murder his parents when he was a child. During the event, Wayne becomes infatuated with Vale. Meanwhile, mob boss Carl Grissom sends his sociopathic second-in-command <a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Jack Napier</a> to raid Axis Chemicals and retrieve incriminating evidence. However, this is secretly a ploy to have Napier murdered for sleeping with Grissom's mistress Alicia Hunt. Corrupt lieutenant Max Eckhardt arranges the hit on Napier by conducting an unauthorized police operation. However, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Commissioner James Gordon</a> arrives, takes command, and orders the officers to capture Napier alive. Batman also appears, while Napier kills Eckhardt as revenge for the double-crossing. During a scuffle with Batman, Napier topples off a catwalk and falls into a vat of chemicals. Although presumed dead, Napier survives with various disfigurements including chalk white skin and emerald-green hair and nails. He undergoes surgery to repair the damage, but ends up with a <a href="/wiki/Risus_sardonicus" title="Risus sardonicus">rictus grin</a>. Driven insane by his new appearance, Napier, now calling himself "the Joker", kills Grissom, massacres Grissom's associates, and takes over his operations. He then starts terrorizing Gotham by lacing hygiene products with "Smylex" – a deadly chemical that causes victims to <a href="/wiki/Death_from_laughter" title="Death from laughter">die laughing</a>. Joker soon becomes obsessed with Vicki and lures her to the Flugelheim Museum, which his henchmen <a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">start vandalizing</a>. Batman rescues Vicki, takes her to the <a href="/wiki/Batcave" title="Batcave">Batcave</a>, and provides her with all of his research on Smylex, which will allow Gotham's residents to escape the toxin. Conflicted with his love for her, Wayne visits her apartment intending to reveal his secret identity, only for the Joker to interrupt the meeting. Joker asks Wayne, "Have you ever danced with the devil in the pale moonlight?", which Wayne recognizes as the catchphrase used by the mugger who killed his parents, realizing the killer to have been Joker (as Napier) all along. He shoots Wayne, who survives thanks to a serving tray hidden underneath his shirt. Vicki is taken to the Batcave by Wayne's butler, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a>, who had been coaxing the relationship between the pair. After Vicki learns his secret, Wayne chooses to battle the Joker for the sake of the city over their relationship. He then departs to destroy the Axis plant used to create Smylex. Meanwhile, Joker lures Gotham's citizens to a parade honoring Gotham's bicentennial with the promise of free money. This turns out to be a trap designed to dose them with Smylex gas held within giant parade balloons. Batman foils his plan by using his <a href="/wiki/Batplane" title="Batplane">Batwing</a> to remove the balloons, but Joker shoots him down. The Batwing crashes in front of a cathedral, which Joker uses to take Vicki hostage. Batman pursues the Joker, and in the ensuing fight, he explains that Napier killed his parents and thus, indirectly created Batman. This leads Joker to realize Batman is Bruce Wayne. Joker eventually pulls Batman and Vicki over the cathedral's roof, leaving them hanging while he calls in a helicopter. The helicopter is piloted by his goons, who throw down a ladder for him to climb. Batman uses a grappling hook to attach Joker's leg to a crumbling <a href="/wiki/Gargoyle" title="Gargoyle">gargoyle</a> that eventually falls off the roof. Unable to bear the statue's immense weight, Joker falls to his death while Batman and Vicki make it to safety. Sometime later, Gordon announces that the police have arrested all of Joker's men, effectively dismantled what remained of Carl Grissom's mafia organizations, and unveils the <a href="/wiki/Bat-Signal" title="Bat-Signal">Bat-Signal</a>. Batman leaves the police a note, promising to defend Gotham should crime strike again, and asking them to use the Bat-Signal to summon him in times of need. Alfred takes Vicki to <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Manor" title="Wayne Manor">Wayne Manor</a>, explaining that Wayne will be a little late. She responds that she is not surprised, as Batman looks at the signal's projection from a rooftop, standing watch over the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> as <a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Jack Napier / The Joker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Blick" title="Hugo Blick">Hugo E. Blick</a> as young Jack Napier</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(1989_film_series_character)" title="Bruce Wayne (1989 film series character)">Bruce Wayne / Batman</a> <ul><li>Charles Roskilly as young Bruce Wayne</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Basinger" title="Kim Basinger">Kim Basinger</a> as <a href="/wiki/Vicki_Vale" title="Vicki Vale">Vicki Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wuhl" title="Robert Wuhl">Robert Wuhl</a> as Alexander Knox</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hingle" title="Pat Hingle">Pat Hingle</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Commissioner Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a> as <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Dent" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Dent">Harvey Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gough" title="Michael Gough">Michael Gough</a> as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a> as Carl Grissom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Hall" title="Jerry Hall">Jerry Hall</a> as Alicia Hunt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracey_Walter" title="Tracey Walter">Tracey Walter</a> as Bob the Goon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Wallace_(actor)" title="Lee Wallace (actor)">Lee Wallace</a> as Mayor Borg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hootkins" title="William Hootkins">William Hootkins</a> as Lt. Max Eckhardt</li> <li>Liza Ross as tourist mom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrick_Hagon" title="Garrick Hagon">Garrick Hagon</a> as tourist dad</li> <li>Adrian Meyers as tourist son</li> <li>David Baxt as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wayne" title="Thomas Wayne">Thomas Wayne</a></li> <li>Sharon Holm as <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wayne" title="Martha Wayne">Martha Wayne</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "I was never a giant comic book fan, but I've always loved the image of Batman and the Joker. The reason I've never been a comic book fan – and I think it started when I was a child – is because I could never tell which box I was supposed to read. I don't know if it was <a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">dyslexia</a> or whatever, but that's why I loved The Killing Joke, because for the first time I could tell which one to read. It's my favorite. It's the first comic I've ever loved. And the success of those graphic novels made our ideas more acceptable." </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Tim Burton<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></cite></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg/220px-The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg/330px-The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg/440px-The_costumes_Jack_Nicholson_wore_in_BATMAN_1989_movie_as_Joker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The costume worn by Jack Nicholson in the film</figcaption></figure> In the late 1970s, Batman's popularity was waning.<a href="#cite_note-CBS-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> was interested in producing a Batman in Outer Space film. Producers <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Melniker" title="Benjamin Melniker">Benjamin Melniker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Uslan" title="Michael E. Uslan">Michael E. Uslan</a> purchased the <a href="/wiki/Film_rights" title="Film rights">film rights</a> of Batman from <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> on October 3, 1979. It was Uslan's wish "to make the definitive, dark, serious version of Batman, the way <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a> had envisioned him in 1939. A creature of the night; stalking criminals in the shadows."<a href="#cite_note-CBS-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Maibaum" title="Richard Maibaum">Richard Maibaum</a> was approached to write a script with <a href="/wiki/Guy_Hamilton" title="Guy Hamilton">Guy Hamilton</a> to direct, but the two turned down the offer. Uslan was unsuccessful with <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(filmmaking)" title="Pitch (filmmaking)">pitching</a> Batman to various movie studios because they wanted the film to be similar to the <a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">campy</a> <a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">1960s television series</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> were among those to turn down the film.<a href="#cite_note-Columbia-11">[10]</a> A disappointed Uslan then wrote a script titled Return of the Batman to give the film industry a better idea of his vision for the film. Uslan later compared its dark tone to that of the successful four-part comic book <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns" title="The Dark Knight Returns">The Dark Knight Returns</a>, which his script predated by six years.<a href="#cite_note-CBS-10">[9]</a> In November 1979, producers <a href="/wiki/Jon_Peters" title="Jon Peters">Jon Peters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Guber" title="Peter Guber">Peter Guber</a> joined the project.<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> Melniker and Uslan became executive producers. The four felt it was best to pattern the film's development after that of <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978).<a href="#cite_note-production-12">[11]</a> Uslan, Melniker and Guber pitched Batman to <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, but the studio turned it down.<a href="#cite_note-road-13">[12]</a> Though no movie studios were yet involved, the project was publicly announced with a budget of $15 million in July 1980 at the <a href="/wiki/Comic_Art_Convention" title="Comic Art Convention">Comic Art Convention</a> in New York. <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>, the studio behind the successful <a href="/wiki/Superman_in_film#Salkind/Cannon_film_series_(1978–1987)" title="Superman in film">Superman film franchise</a>, decided to also accept and produce Batman.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mankiewicz" title="Tom Mankiewicz">Tom Mankiewicz</a> completed a script titled The Batman in June 1983, focusing on Batman and <a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a>'s origins, with the Joker and <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Thorne" title="Rupert Thorne">Rupert Thorne</a> as villains and <a href="/wiki/Silver_St._Cloud" title="Silver St. Cloud">Silver St. Cloud</a> as the romantic interest.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Mankiewicz took inspiration from the <a href="/wiki/Limited_series_(comics)" title="Limited series (comics)">limited series</a> Batman: Strange Apparitions, written by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-White-16">[15]</a> Comic book artist <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rogers" title="Marshall Rogers">Marshall Rogers</a>, who worked with Englehart on Strange Apparitions, was hired for <a href="/wiki/Concept_art" title="Concept art">concept art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-road-13">[12]</a> The Batman was then announced in late 1983 for a mid-1985 release date on a budget of $20 million. Originally, Mankiewicz had wanted an unknown actor for Batman, <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> for <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">James Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> as <a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">the Penguin</a>, whom Mankiewicz wanted to portray as a mobster with low body temperature.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> Holden died in 1981 and Niven in 1983, so this would never come to pass. A number of filmmakers were attached to Mankiewicz' script, including <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Reitman" title="Ivan Reitman">Ivan Reitman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Dante" title="Joe Dante">Joe Dante</a>. Reitman wanted to cast <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> as Batman and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> as Robin.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Nine rewrites were performed by nine separate writers. Most of them were based on Strange Apparitions. However, it was Mankiewicz's script that was still being used to guide the project.<a href="#cite_note-forever-17">[16]</a> Due to the work they did together with the film <a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing_(1982_film)" title="Swamp Thing (1982 film)">Swamp Thing</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven">Wes Craven</a> was among the directors that Melniker and Uslan considered while looking for a director.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> After the financial success of <a href="/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Big_Adventure" title="Pee-wee's Big Adventure">Pee-wee's Big Adventure</a> (1985), Warner Bros. hired Tim Burton to direct Batman. Burton had then-girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Julie_Hickson" title="Julie Hickson">Julie Hickson</a> write a new 30-page <a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">film treatment</a>, feeling the previous script by Mankiewicz was <a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">campy</a>. The success of The Dark Knight Returns and the <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke" title="Batman: The Killing Joke">Batman: The Killing Joke</a> rekindled Warner Bros.' interest in a film adaptation. Burton was initially not a comic book fan, but he was impressed by the dark and serious tone found in both The Dark Knight Returns and The Killing Joke.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Warner Bros. enlisted the aid of Englehart to write a new treatment in March 1986.<a href="#cite_note-Steve-19">[18]</a> Like Mankiewicz's script, it was based on his own Strange Apparitions and included Silver St. Cloud, Dick Grayson, the Joker, and Rupert Thorne, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearance</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin (comics)">Penguin</a>. Warner Bros. was impressed, but Englehart felt there were too many characters. He removed the Penguin and Dick Grayson in his second treatment, finishing in May 1986.<a href="#cite_note-Steve-19">[18]</a> Burton approached <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a>, a comic book fan, to write the screenplay.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> Hamm decided not to use an <a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">origin story</a>, feeling that flashbacks would be more suitable and that "unlocking the mystery" would become part of the storyline.<a href="#cite_note-White-16">[15]</a> He reasoned, "You totally destroy your credibility if you show the literal process by which Bruce Wayne becomes Batman."<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-20">[19]</a> Hamm replaced Silver St. Cloud with Vicki Vale and Rupert Thorne with his own creation, Carl Grissom. He completed his script in October 1986, which demoted Dick Grayson to a cameo rather than a supporting character.<a href="#cite_note-storm-21">[20]</a> One scene in Hamm's script had a young James Gordon on duty the night of the murder of Bruce Wayne's parents. When Hamm's script was rewritten, the scene was deleted, reducing it to a photo in the Gotham Globe newspaper seen in the film.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> Warner Bros. was less willing to move forward on development, despite their enthusiasm for Hamm's script, which Kane greeted with positive feedback.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Hamm's script was then bootlegged at various comic book stores in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-White-16">[15]</a> Batman was finally given the <a href="/wiki/Green-light" class="mw-redirect" title="Green-light">greenlight</a> to commence pre-production in April 1988, after the success of Burton's <a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a> the same year.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> When comic book fans found out about Burton directing the film with Michael Keaton starring in the lead role, controversy arose over the tone and direction Batman was going in.<a href="#cite_note-variety-23">[22]</a> Hamm explained, "They hear Tim Burton's name and they think of Pee-wee's Big Adventure. They hear Keaton's name, and they think of any number of Michael Keaton comedies. You think of the 1960s version of Batman, and it was the complete opposite of our film. We tried to market it with a typical dark and serious tone, but the fans didn't believe us."<a href="#cite_note-White-16">[15]</a> To combat negative reports on the film's production, Kane was hired as creative consultant.<a href="#cite_note-production-12">[11]</a> Batman's co-creator, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a>, was uncredited at the time of the film's release and his name was not added to any Batman-related media until 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Fingercredit-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MikeandJack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/MikeandJack.jpg/225px-MikeandJack.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/38/MikeandJack.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> as Batman and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> as the Joker in the film's climactic confrontation</figcaption></figure> Parallel to the <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> casting, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood A-listers</a> were considered for the role of Batman, including <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Sheen" title="Charlie Sheen">Charlie Sheen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Quaid" title="Dennis Quaid">Dennis Quaid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Busch-24">[23]</a> Burton was pressured by Warner Bros. to cast an obvious action movie star,<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> and had approached <a href="/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan" title="Pierce Brosnan">Pierce Brosnan</a>, but he had no interest in playing a comic book character.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Burton was originally interested in casting an unknown actor,<a href="#cite_note-Busch-24">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a>, who was falsely reported to be considered for the Joker but had actually been considered for Batman early in development.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Producer Jon Peters suggested Michael Keaton, arguing he had the right "edgy, tormented quality" after having seen his dramatic performance in <a href="/wiki/Clean_and_Sober" title="Clean and Sober">Clean and Sober</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Having directed Keaton in <a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a>, Burton agreed.<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> The casting of Keaton caused a furor among comic book fans,<a href="#cite_note-variety-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joe-28">[27]</a> with 50,000 protest letters sent to Warner Bros. offices.<a href="#cite_note-storm-21">[20]</a> Kane, Hamm, and Uslan also heavily questioned the casting.<a href="#cite_note-White-16">[15]</a> "Obviously there was a negative response from the comic book people. I think they thought we were going to make it like the 1960s TV series, and make it campy, because they thought of Michael Keaton from <a href="/wiki/Mr._Mom" title="Mr. Mom">Mr. Mom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Night_Shift_(1982_film)" title="Night Shift (1982 film)">Night Shift</a> and stuff like that."<a href="#cite_note-battle-29">[28]</a> Keaton studied The Dark Knight Returns for inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Curry" title="Tim Curry">Tim Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lithgow" title="John Lithgow">John Lithgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Dourif" title="Brad Dourif">Brad Dourif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Liotta" title="Ray Liotta">Ray Liotta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> were all considered for the Joker.<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-reboot-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Lithgow, during his audition, attempted to talk Burton out of casting him, a decision he would later publicly regret, stating, "I didn't realize it was such a big deal."<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Burton wanted to cast <a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(actor)" title="John Glover (actor)">John Glover</a>, but the studio insisted on using a movie star.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> lobbied hard for the part.<a href="#cite_note-storm-21">[20]</a> Jack Nicholson had been the studio's top choice since 1980. Peters approached Nicholson as far back as 1986, during filming of <a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick_(film)" title="The Witches of Eastwick (film)">The Witches of Eastwick</a>;<a href="#cite_note-empire-36">[35]</a> unlike Keaton, he was a popular choice for his role.<a href="#cite_note-Joe-28">[27]</a> Nicholson had what was known as an "off-the-clock" agreement. His contract specified the number of hours he was entitled to have off each day, from the time he left the set to the time he reported back for filming,<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> as well as being off for <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a> home games.<a href="#cite_note-celfans-37">[36]</a> Nicholson demanded that all of his scenes be shot in a three-week block, but the schedule lapsed into 106 days.<a href="#cite_note-empire-36">[35]</a> He reduced his standard $10 million fee to $6 million in exchange for a cut of the film's earnings (including associated merchandise), which led to remuneration in excess of $50 million<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a>—biographer Marc Eliot reports that Nicholson may have received as much as $90 million.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> He also demanded top <a href="/wiki/Billing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billing (filmmaking)">billing</a> on promotional materials.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Young" title="Sean Young">Sean Young</a> was originally cast as Vicki Vale, but was injured in a horse-riding accident prior to commencement of filming.<a href="#cite_note-shadows-41">[40]</a> Young's departure necessitated an urgent search for an actress who, besides being right for the part, could commit to the film at very short notice. Peters suggested <a href="/wiki/Kim_Basinger" title="Kim Basinger">Kim Basinger</a>: she was able to join the production immediately and was cast.<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-shadows-41">[40]</a> As a fan of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gough" title="Michael Gough">Michael Gough</a>'s work in various <a href="/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions" title="Hammer Film Productions">Hammer Film Productions</a>, Burton cast Gough as Bruce Wayne's mysterious butler, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred</a>.<a href="#cite_note-audio-42">[41]</a> Reporter Alexander Knox was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wuhl" title="Robert Wuhl">Robert Wuhl</a>. In the original script, Knox was killed by the Joker's poison gas during the climax, but the filmmakers "liked [my] character so much," Wuhl said, "that they decided to let me live."<a href="#cite_note-heroes-43">[42]</a> Burton chose <a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a> as <a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Harvey Dent</a> because he wanted to include the villain <a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a> in a future film using the concept of an African-American Two-Face for the black and white concept,<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> was later cast in the role for <a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a>, which disappointed Williams.<a href="#cite_note-heroes-43">[42]</a> Nicholson convinced the filmmakers to cast his close friend <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Walter" title="Tracey Walter">Tracey Walter</a> as the Joker's henchman Bob.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Irish child actor Ricky Addison Reed was cast as Dick Grayson before the character was removed by Warren Skarren for the revised shooting script.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The rest of the cast included <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hingle" title="Pat Hingle">Pat Hingle</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Commissioner Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Hall" title="Jerry Hall">Jerry Hall</a> as Alicia, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Wallace_(actor)" title="Lee Wallace (actor)">Lee Wallace</a> as Mayor Borg, <a href="/wiki/William_Hootkins" title="William Hootkins">William Hootkins</a> as Lt. Eckhardt, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a> as crime boss Carl Grissom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "On Batman, our vision of Gotham City was influenced by the tone of the <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns" title="The Dark Knight Returns">'Dark Knight'</a> comics, and also <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Feininger" title="Andreas Feininger">Andreas Feininger</a>'s photographs of New York buildings and the work of Japanese architect <a href="/wiki/Shin_Takamatsu" title="Shin Takamatsu">Shin Takamatsu</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a> was consciously avoided as a reference; no one was allowed to watch it while we were designing the film and <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> was shunned altogether!)" </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Art director <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Phelps" title="Nigel Phelps">Nigel Phelps</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></cite></div> </div> Burton had been impressed with the design of <a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Company_of_Wolves" title="The Company of Wolves">The Company of Wolves</a> (1984), but was unable to hire its production designer <a href="/wiki/Anton_Furst" title="Anton Furst">Anton Furst</a> for Beetlejuice<a href="#cite_note-Joe-28">[27]</a> as he had instead committed to Jordan's London-filmed ghost comedy <a href="/wiki/High_Spirits_(film)" title="High Spirits (film)">High Spirits</a> (1988), a choice he later regretted.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> A year later Burton successfully hired Furst for Batman, and they enjoyed working with each other. "I don't think I've ever felt so naturally in tune with a director," Furst said. "Conceptually, spiritually, visually, or artistically. There was never any problem because we never fought over anything. Texture, attitude and feelings are what Burton is a master at."<a href="#cite_note-production-12">[11]</a> Furst and the <a href="/wiki/Art_department" title="Art department">art department</a> deliberately mixed clashing architectural styles to "make Gotham City the ugliest and bleakest <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> imaginable".<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Furst continued, "[W]e imagined what New York City might have become without a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning#City_Planning_Commission" title="New York City Department of City Planning">planning commission</a>. A city run by crime, with a riot of architectural styles. An essay in ugliness. As if hell erupted through the pavement and kept on going".<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The 1985 film <a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a> by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a> was also a notable influence upon the film's production design, as both Burton and Furst studied it as a reference.<a href="#cite_note-production-12">[11]</a> Black and white <a href="/wiki/Charcoal_(art)" title="Charcoal (art)">charcoal drawings</a> of key locations and sets were created by Furst's longtime draftsman, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Phelps" title="Nigel Phelps">Nigel Phelps</a>. <a href="/wiki/Derek_Meddings" title="Derek Meddings">Derek Meddings</a> served as the <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects_supervisor" title="Visual effects supervisor">visual effects supervisor</a>, overseeing the miniatures and animation. Conceptual illustrator Julian Caldow designed the Batmobile, Batwing and assorted bat-gadgets that were later constructed by prop builder John Evans. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Short" title="Keith Short">Keith Short</a> sculpted the final body of the <a href="/wiki/Batmobile_(Batman_Returns)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batmobile (Batman Returns)">1989 Batmobile</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> adding two <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Browning machine guns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> On designing the Batmobile, Furst explained, "We looked at jet aircraft components, we looked at war machines, we looked at all sorts of things. In the end, we went into pure expressionism, taking the <a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Salt_Flats" title="Bonneville Salt Flats">Salt Flat Racers</a> of the 30s and the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette_(C2)" title="Chevrolet Corvette (C2)">Sting Ray macho machines</a> of the 50s". The car was built upon a <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala" title="Chevrolet Impala">Chevrolet Impala</a> when previous development with a <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Ford Mustang</a> failed.<a href="#cite_note-empire-36">[35]</a> The car itself was later purchased by standup comedian/ventriloquist <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dunham" title="Jeff Dunham">Jeff Dunham</a>, who had it outfitted with a Corvette engine to make it street legal.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Napier_Joker.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Jack_Napier_Joker.jpeg/150px-Jack_Napier_Joker.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Jack_Napier_Joker.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Nicholson's makeup appliances were sculpted and applied by Nick Dudman</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume designer</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ringwood" title="Bob Ringwood">Bob Ringwood</a> turned down the chance to work on <a href="/wiki/Licence_to_Kill" title="Licence to Kill">Licence to Kill</a> in favor of Batman. Ringwood found it difficult designing the <a href="/wiki/Batsuit" title="Batsuit">Batsuit</a> because "the image of Batman in the comics is this huge, big six-foot-four hunk with a dimpled chin. Michael Keaton is a guy with average build", he stated. "The problem was to make somebody who was average-sized and ordinary-looking into this bigger-than-life creature."<a href="#cite_note-batto-53">[52]</a> Burton commented, "Michael is a bit <a href="/wiki/Claustrophobia" title="Claustrophobia">claustrophobic</a>, which made it worse for him. The costume put him in a dark, Batman-like mood though, so he was able to use it to his advantage".<a href="#cite_note-batto-53">[52]</a> Burton's idea was to use an all-black suit, and was met with positive feedback by Bob Kane. Vin Burnham was tasked with sculpting the Batsuit, in association with Alli Eynon. Jon Peters wanted to use a <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> <a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">product placement</a> with the Batsuit.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Ringwood studied over 200 comic book issues for inspiration. 28 sculpted latex designs were created; 25 different cape looks and 6 different heads were made, accumulating a total cost of $250,000.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Comic book fans initially expressed negative feedback against the Batsuit.<a href="#cite_note-Joe-28">[27]</a> Burton opted not to use tights, spandex, or underpants as seen in the comic book, feeling it was not intimidating.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prosthetic_makeup" title="Prosthetic makeup">Prosthetic makeup</a> designer Nick Dudman used acrylic-based makeup paint called PAX for Nicholson's chalk-white face. Part of Nicholson's contract was approval over the makeup designer.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3></div> The filmmakers considered filming Batman entirely on the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Burbank" title="Warner Bros. Studios Burbank">Warner Bros. backlot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank, California</a>, but media interest in the film made them change the location. It was shot at <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> from October 10, 1988, to February 14, 1989, with 80 days of main shooting and 86 days of second unit shooting.<a href="#cite_note-Pinewood-58">[57]</a> 18 <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stages</a> were used, with seven stages occupied, including the 51 acre backlot for the Gotham City set, one of the biggest ever built at the studio.<a href="#cite_note-Pinewood-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-production-12">[11]</a> Locations included <a href="/wiki/Knebworth_House" title="Knebworth House">Knebworth House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatfield_House" title="Hatfield House">Hatfield House</a> doubling for <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Manor" title="Wayne Manor">Wayne Manor</a>, plus <a href="/wiki/Acton_Lane_Power_Station" title="Acton Lane Power Station">Acton Lane Power Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Barford_Power_Station" title="Little Barford Power Station">Little Barford Power Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> The original production budget escalated from $30 million to $48 million.<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knebworth_W_front.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Knebworth_W_front.JPG/300px-Knebworth_W_front.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Knebworth_W_front.JPG/450px-Knebworth_W_front.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Knebworth_W_front.JPG/600px-Knebworth_W_front.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Knebworth_House" title="Knebworth House">Knebworth House</a> served as <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Manor" title="Wayne Manor">Wayne Manor</a> in the film.</figcaption></figure> Filming was highly secretive. The unit <a href="/wiki/Publicist" title="Publicist">publicist</a> was offered and refused <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>10,000 for the first pictures of Jack Nicholson as the Joker. The police were later called in when two reels of footage (about 20 minutes' worth) were stolen.<a href="#cite_note-empire-36">[35]</a> With various problems during filming, Burton called it "Torture. The worst period of my life!"<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> Hamm was not allowed to perform rewrites during the <a href="/wiki/1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1988 Writers Guild of America strike">1988 Writers Guild of America strike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Skaaren" title="Warren Skaaren">Warren Skaaren</a>, who had also worked on Burton's <a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a>, did rewrites. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Gems" title="Jonathan Gems">Jonathan Gems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_McKeown" title="Charles McKeown">Charles McKeown</a> rewrote the script during filming.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Only Skaaren received screenplay credit with Hamm. Hamm criticized the rewrites, but blamed the changes on Warner Bros.<a href="#cite_note-White-16">[15]</a> Burton explained, "I don't understand why that became such a problem. We started out with a script that everyone liked, although we recognized it needed a little work."<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Dick Grayson appeared in the shooting script but was deleted because the filmmakers felt he was irrelevant to the plot;<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> Kane supported this decision.<a href="#cite_note-audio-42">[41]</a> Keaton used his comedic experience for scenes such as Bruce and Vicki's Wayne Manor dinner.<a href="#cite_note-Joe-28">[27]</a> He called himself a "logic freak" and was concerned that Batman's secret identity would in reality be fairly easy to uncover. Keaton discussed ideas with Burton to better disguise the character, including the use of <a href="/wiki/Contact_lenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Contact lenses">contact lenses</a>. Ultimately, Keaton decided to perform Batman's voice at a lower register than when he was portraying Bruce Wayne, which became a hallmark of the film version of the character, with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bale" title="Christian Bale">Christian Bale</a> later using the same technique.<a href="#cite_note-MTVvoice-62">[61]</a> Originally in the climax, the Joker was meant to kill Vicki Vale, sending Batman into a vengeful fury. Jon Peters reworked the climax without telling Burton and commissioned production designer Anton Furst to create a 38-foot (12 m) model of the cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-Stone-63">[62]</a> This cost $100,000 when the film was already well over budget. Burton disliked the idea, having no clue how the scene would end: "Here were Jack Nicholson and Kim Basinger walking up this cathedral, and halfway up Jack turns around and says, 'Why am I walking up all these stairs? Where am I going?' 'We'll talk about it when you get to the top!' I had to tell him that I didn't know."<a href="#cite_note-Stone-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Batman_(album)" title="Batman (album)">Batman (album)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batman_(score)" title="Batman (score)">Batman (score)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:357px;max-width:357px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:351px;max-width:351px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:516px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_%28cropped%29.jpg/349px-20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="349" height="516" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_%28cropped%29.jpg/524px-20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_%28cropped%29.jpg/698px-20220610_dannyelfman_by_sachynmital_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="1379" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Composer Danny Elfman.</div></div></div></div> Burton hired <a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oingo_Boingo" title="Oingo Boingo">Oingo Boingo</a>, his collaborator on Pee-wee's Big Adventure and Beetlejuice, to compose the music score. For inspiration, Elfman was given The Dark Knight Returns. Elfman was worried, as he had never worked on a production this large in budget and scale.<a href="#cite_note-overtures-64">[63]</a> In addition, producer Jon Peters was skeptical of hiring Elfman, but was later convinced when he heard the opening number.<a href="#cite_note-reborn-65">[64]</a> Peters and Peter Guber wanted <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> to write music for the Joker and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> to do the romance songs. Elfman would then combine the style of Prince and Jackson's songs together for the entire film score.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> At the encouragement of Prince's then-manager <a href="/wiki/Albert_Magnoli" title="Albert Magnoli">Albert Magnoli</a>, it was agreed that Prince himself would write and sing the <a href="/wiki/Batman_(album)" title="Batman (album)">film's songs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Burton protested the ideas, citing "my movies aren't commercial like <a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Elfman enlisted the help of composer <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Walker" title="Shirley Walker">Shirley Walker</a> and Oingo Boingo lead guitarist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bartek" title="Steve Bartek">Steve Bartek</a> to arrange the compositions for the orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Elfman was later displeased with the <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(film_and_television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mixing (film and television)">audio mixing</a> of his film score. "Batman was done in England by technicians who didn't care, and the non-caring showed," he stated. "I'm not putting down England because they've done gorgeous <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">dubs</a> there, but this particular crew elected not to."<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Batman was one of the first films to spawn two soundtracks. One of them featured songs written by Prince while the other showcased Elfman's score. Both were successful,<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> and compilations of Elfman's <a href="/wiki/Opening_credits" title="Opening credits">opening credits</a> were used in the <a href="/wiki/Title_sequence" title="Title sequence">title sequence</a> theme for <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">Batman: The Animated Series</a>, also composed by Shirley Walker.<a href="#cite_note-reboot-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2></div> When discussing the central <a href="/wiki/Theme_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (arts)">theme</a> of Batman, director Tim Burton explained, "the whole film and mythology of the character is a complete duel of the freaks. It's a fight between two disturbed people", adding, "The Joker is such a great character because there's a complete freedom to him. Any character who operates on the outside of society and is deemed a freak and an outcast then has the freedom to do what they want... They are the darker sides of freedom. Insanity is in some scary way the most freedom you can have, because you're not bound by the laws of society".<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Burton saw Bruce Wayne as the bearer of a double identity, exposing one while hiding the reality from the world.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Burton biographer Ken Hanke wrote that Bruce Wayne, struggling with his alter-ego as Batman, is depicted as an <a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">antihero</a>. Hanke felt that Batman has to push the boundaries of civil justice to deal with certain criminals, such as the Joker.<a href="#cite_note-forever-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Newman" title="Kim Newman">Kim Newman</a> theorized that "Burton and the writers saw Batman and the Joker as a dramatic antithesis, and the film deals with their intertwined origins and fates to an even greater extent".<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Batman conveys trademarks found in 1930s <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp magazines</a>, notably the design of Gotham City stylized with <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> design.<a href="#cite_note-Hal-71">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Corliss" title="Richard Corliss">Richard Corliss</a>, writing for <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, observed that Gotham's design was a reference to films such as <a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a> (1920) and <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a> (1927). "Gotham City, despite being shot on a studio <a href="/wiki/Backlot" title="Backlot">backlot</a>", he continued, "is literally another character in the script. It has the demeaning presence of <a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">fascist architecture</a>, staring down at the citizens."<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Hanke further addressed the notions of Batman being a <a href="/wiki/Period_piece" class="mw-redirect" title="Period piece">period piece</a>, in that "The citizens, cops, people and the <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a> television looks like it takes place in 1939"; but later said: "Had the filmmakers made <a href="/wiki/Vicki_Vale" title="Vicki Vale">Vicki Vale</a> a <a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femme fatale</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">damsel in distress</a>, this could have made Batman as a homage and tribute to classic <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Manor-59">[58]</a> Portions of the <a href="/wiki/Climax_(narrative)" title="Climax (narrative)">climax</a> pay homage to <a href="/wiki/Vertigo_(film)" title="Vertigo (film)">Vertigo</a> (1958).<a href="#cite_note-cartoon-73">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2></div> The B.D. Fox <a href="/wiki/Advertising_agency" title="Advertising agency">ad agency</a> created hundreds of unused logos and posters for promotion, many by <a href="/wiki/John_Alvin" title="John Alvin">John Alvin</a>. In the end Burton and producers decided on only using a gold and black logo designed by Anton Furst and airbrushed by Bill Garland, with no other key art variation, to keep an air of mystery about the film.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> The logo is also an <a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">ambiguous image</a>, which can be read either as Batman's symbol or as a gaping mouth.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Earlier designs "had the word 'Batman' spelled in <a href="/wiki/RoboCop" title="RoboCop">RoboCop</a> or <a href="/wiki/Conan_the_Barbarian_(1982_film)" title="Conan the Barbarian (1982 film)">Conan the Barbarian</a>-type font".<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> Jon Peters unified all the film's <a href="/wiki/Tie-in" title="Tie-in">tie-ins</a>, even turning down $6 million from <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> to build the <a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobile</a> because the car company would not relinquish creative control.<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> During production, Peters read in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> that comic book fans were unsatisfied with the casting of Michael Keaton. In response, Peters rushed the first <a href="/wiki/Film_trailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Film trailer">film trailer</a> that played in thousands of theaters during Christmas. It was simply an assemblage of scenes without music, but created enormous anticipation for the film, with audiences clapping and cheering.<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joe-28">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> allowed screenwriter Sam Hamm to write his own <a href="/wiki/Limited_series_(comics)" title="Limited series (comics)">comic book miniseries</a>. Hamm's stories were collected in the <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> Batman: Blind Justice (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563890475" title="Special:BookSources/978-1563890475">978-1563890475</a>). <a href="/wiki/Denys_Cowan" title="Denys Cowan">Denys Cowan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dick_Giordano" title="Dick Giordano">Dick Giordano</a> illustrated the artwork.<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-20">[19]</a> Blind Justice tells the story of Bruce Wayne trying to solve a series of murders connected to <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Enterprises" title="Wayne Enterprises">Wayne Enterprises</a>. It also marks the first appearance of Henri Ducard, who was later used in the <a href="/wiki/Reboot_(fiction)" title="Reboot (fiction)">rebooted</a> <a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins" title="Batman Begins">Batman Begins</a>, albeit as an alias for the more notable <a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-20">[19]</a> In the months before Batman's release in June 1989, a <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> phenomenon known as "<a href="/wiki/Lisztomania#Creation_and_use_of_the_term" title="Lisztomania">Batmania</a>" began. Over $750 million worth of merchandise was sold.<a href="#cite_note-reboot-32">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult filmmaker</a> and comic book writer <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Smith" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a> remembered: "That summer was huge. You couldn't turn around without seeing the Bat-Signal somewhere. People were cutting it into their fucking heads. It was just the summer of Batman and if you were a comic book fan it was pretty hot."<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette Book Group USA">Hachette Book Group USA</a> published a novelization, Batman, written by <a href="/wiki/Craig_Shaw_Gardner" title="Craig Shaw Gardner">Craig Shaw Gardner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> It remained on <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">The New York Times Best Seller list</a> throughout June 1989.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Burton admitted he was annoyed by the publicity. David Handelman of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a> categorized Batman as a <a href="/wiki/High_concept" title="High concept">high concept</a> film. He believed "it is less movie than a corporate <a href="/wiki/Behemoth" title="Behemoth">behemoth</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cartoon-73">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3></div> Batman grossed $2.2 million in late night previews on June 22, 1989, on 1,215 screens and grossed $40.49 million in 2,194 theaters during its opening weekend.<a href="#cite_note-Gray2002-79">[78]</a> This broke the opening weekend records held by <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (which had a 4-day <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> weekend gross of $37.0 million the previous month)<a href="#cite_note-Weekends-80">[79]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters_II" title="Ghostbusters II">Ghostbusters II</a> (which had a $29.4 million 3-day weekend the previous weekend).<a href="#cite_note-BOMdaily-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Upon opening, the film would go on to reach the number one spot above <a href="/wiki/Honey,_I_Shrunk_the_Kids" title="Honey, I Shrunk the Kids">Honey, I Shrunk the Kids</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Additionally, it had the largest opening weekend for a Jack Nicholson film for 14 years until it was dethroned by <a href="/wiki/Anger_Management_(film)" title="Anger Management (film)">Anger Management</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> Batman also set a record for a second weekend gross with $30 million (also the second biggest 3-day weekend of all time)<a href="#cite_note-Weekends-80">[79]</a> and became the fastest film to earn $100 million, reaching it in 11 days (10 days plus late night previews).<a href="#cite_note-BOMdaily-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> The film closed on December 14, 1989, with a final gross of $251.4 million in North America and $160.2 million internationally, totaling $411.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The film would hold the record for being the highest-grossing Warner Bros. film until 1996 when <a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a> surpassed it.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> It was the highest-grossing <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_based_on_DC_Comics_publications" title="List of films based on DC Comics publications">film based on a DC comic book</a> until 2008's <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Furthermore, Batman held the record for being the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_superhero_films" title="List of highest-grossing superhero films">highest-grossing superhero film</a> of all time until it was taken by <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">Spider-Man</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The film's gross is the 143rd highest ever in North American ranks.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> Although Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade made the most money worldwide in 1989,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> Batman was able to beat The Last Crusade in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> and made a further $150 million in <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a> sales.<a href="#cite_note-Mad-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a> estimates that the film sold more than 60 million tickets in the US.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Despite the film's box office – over $400 million against a budget of no more than $48 million – Warner Bros. claimed it ended up losing $35.8 million and "not likely to ever show a profit," which has been attributed to a case of <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_accounting" title="Hollywood accounting">Hollywood accounting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3></div> Batman was criticized by some for being too dark, but nonetheless received a generally positive response from critics.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film holds an approval rating of 77% based on 142 reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "An eerie, haunting spectacle, Batman succeeds as dark entertainment, even if Jack Nicholson's Joker too often overshadows the title character."<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, the film received a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_arithmetic_mean" title="Weighted arithmetic mean">weighted average</a> score of 69 based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Audiences polled by <a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a> gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.<a href="#cite_note-CinemaScore-98">[97]</a> Many observed that Burton was more interested in the Joker and the art and set production design than Batman or anything else in terms of characterization and screentime.<a href="#cite_note-Elfman-8">[7]</a> Comic book fans reacted negatively over the Joker murdering <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wayne" title="Thomas Wayne">Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wayne" title="Martha Wayne">Martha Wayne</a>; in the comic book, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Chill" title="Joe Chill">Joe Chill</a> is responsible. Writer Sam Hamm said it was Burton's idea to have the Joker murder Wayne's parents. "The Writer's Strike was going on, and Tim had the other writers do that. I also hold innocent to Alfred letting Vicki Vale into the <a href="/wiki/Batcave" title="Batcave">Batcave</a>. Fans were ticked off with that, and I agree. That would have been Alfred's last day of employment at <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Manor" title="Wayne Manor">Wayne Manor</a>," Hamm said.<a href="#cite_note-reborn-65">[64]</a> The songs written by Prince were criticized for being "too out of place".<a href="#cite_note-Jones-14">[13]</a> While Burton has stated he had no problem with the Prince songs, he was less enthusiastic with their use in the film.<a href="#cite_note-forever-17">[16]</a> On the film, Burton remarked, "I liked parts of it, but the whole movie is mainly boring to me. It's OK, but it was more of a cultural phenomenon than a great movie."<a href="#cite_note-Mad-93">[92]</a> Despite initial negative reactions from comics fans prior to the film's release, Keaton's portrayal of Batman was generally praised.<a href="#cite_note-cartoon-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Berardinelli" title="James Berardinelli">James Berardinelli</a> called the film entertaining, with the highlight being the production design. However, he concluded, "the best thing that can be said about Batman is that it led to <a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a>, which was a far superior effort."<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> felt "Jack Nicholson stole every scene" but still greeted the film with positive feedback.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> was highly impressed with the production design, but claimed "Batman is a triumph of design over story, style over substance, a great-looking movie with a plot you can't care much about." He also called the film "a depressing experience".<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> On the syndicated television series <a href="/wiki/At_the_Movies_(1986_TV_program)" title="At the Movies (1986 TV program)">Siskel & Ebert</a>, his reviewing partner <a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Gene Siskel</a> disagreed, describing the film as having a "refreshingly adult" approach with performances, direction and set design that "draws you into a psychological world".<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Furst" title="Anton Furst">Anton Furst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Young_(set_decorator)" title="Peter Young (set decorator)">Peter Young</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Academy Award for Best Art Direction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> while Nicholson was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy">Golden Globe Award for Best Actor (Musical or Comedy)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a> nominated Batman in six categories (<a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Production Design">Production Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects">Visual Effects</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design">Costume Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Makeup_and_Hair" title="BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair">Makeup</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="BAFTA Award for Best Sound">Sound</a> and <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">Actor in a Supporting Role</a> for Nicholson), but it won none of the categories.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Nicholson, Basinger, the makeup department, and <a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">costume designer</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ringwood" title="Bob Ringwood">Bob Ringwood</a> all received nominations at the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Award">Saturn Awards</a>. The film was also nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film">Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> The success of Batman prompted <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Animation" title="Warner Bros. Animation">Warner Bros. Animation</a> to create the acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">Batman: The Animated Series</a>, as a result beginning the long-running <a href="/wiki/DC_Animated_Universe" title="DC Animated Universe">DC Animated Universe</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> and helped establish the modern day <a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">superhero film</a> genre. Series co-creator <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Timm" title="Bruce Timm">Bruce Timm</a> stated the television show's <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> design was inspired from the film. Timm commented, "our show would never have gotten made if it hadn't been for that first Batman movie."<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> Burton joked, "ever since I did Batman, it was like the first dark comic book movie. Now everyone wants to do a dark and serious superhero movie. I guess I'm the one responsible for that trend."<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> Batman initiated the <a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film#Tim_Burton/Joel_Schumacher" title="Batman in film">original Batman film series</a> and spawned three sequels: <a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a> (1995), and <a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a> (1997), the latter two of which were directed by <a href="/wiki/Joel_Schumacher" title="Joel Schumacher">Joel Schumacher</a> instead of Burton and replaced Keaton as Batman with <a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a>, respectively. Executive producers <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Melniker" title="Benjamin Melniker">Benjamin Melniker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Uslan" title="Michael E. Uslan">Michael E. Uslan</a> filed a <a href="/wiki/Breach_of_contract" title="Breach of contract">breach of contract</a> lawsuit in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Board_of_Supervisors" title="Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors">Los Angeles County Superior Court</a> on March 26, 1992. Melniker and Uslan claimed to be "the victims of a sinister campaign of fraud and coercion that has cheated them out of continuing involvement in the production of Batman and its sequels. We were denied proper credits, and deprived of any financial rewards for our indispensable creative contribution to the success of Batman."<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Superior_court" title="Superior court">superior court</a> judge rejected the lawsuit. Total revenues of Batman have topped $2 billion, with Uslan claiming to have "not seen a penny more than that since our <a href="/wiki/Net_profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Net profit">net profit</a> participation has proved worthless."<a href="#cite_note-Guber-6">[5]</a> Warner Bros. offered the pair an out-of-court settlement, a sum described by Melniker and Uslan's attorney as "two popcorns and two <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Cokes</a>".<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Reflecting on the twentieth anniversary of its release in a retrospective article on <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a>, film commentator Scott Mendelson noted the continuing impact that Batman has had on the motion film industry, including the increasing importance of opening weekend box office receipts; the narrowing window between a film's debut and its video release that caused the demise of second-run movie theaters; the accelerated acquisition of pre-existing, pre-sold properties for film adaptations that can be readily leveraged for merchandizing tie-ins; the primacy of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">MPAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America_film_rating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America film rating system">PG-13</a> as the target rating for film producers; and more off-beat, non-traditional casting opportunities for genre films.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> The film was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a> introducing its "12" age rating, as its content fell between what was expected for a "PG" or "15" certificate.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> anointed Batman the 46th greatest movie hero and the Joker the 45th greatest movie villain on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_and_Villains" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains">AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> lists</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies</a> – Nominated<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Thrills" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills">AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills</a> – Nominated<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_and_Villains" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains">AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains</a>: <ul><li>The Joker – #45 Villain</li> <li>Batman – #46 Hero</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movie_Quotes" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes</a>: <ul><li>"Have you ever danced with the Devil in the pale moonlight?" – Nominated<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_of_Film_Scores" title="AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores">AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores</a> – Nominated<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_10_Top_10" title="AFI's 10 Top 10">AFI's 10 Top 10</a> – Nominated Fantasy Film<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></li></ul> Robert Wuhl reprises his role as Alexander Knox in <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arrowverse" title="Arrowverse">Arrowverse</a> crossover, <a href="/wiki/Crisis_on_Infinite_Earths_(Arrowverse)" title="Crisis on Infinite Earths (Arrowverse)">Crisis on Infinite Earths</a>. The event also retroactively established that the world of the film and its sequel, <a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a>, takes place on Earth-89; which is one of the worlds destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Monitor" title="Anti-Monitor">Anti-Monitor</a> (<a href="/wiki/LaMonica_Garrett" title="LaMonica Garrett">LaMonica Garrett</a>) during the Crisis.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Michael Keaton reprises his role as Batman in <a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(film)" title="The Flash (film)">The Flash</a> set in the <a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3></div> Several video games based on the film were released: By <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Software" title="Ocean Software">Ocean Software</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_video_game)" title="Batman (1989 video game)">1989</a>,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sunsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunsoft">Sunsoft</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Video_Game" title="Batman: The Video Game">1990</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batman_(1990_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman (1990 video game)">1991</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Atari_Games" title="Atari Games">Atari Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batman_(1990_arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman (1990 arcade game)">1990</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> was also in talks of releasing an arcade game around the same time as Atari.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comic_book_continuations">Comic book continuations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Batman_%2789_(comic_book)" title="Batman '89 (comic book)">Batman '89 (comic book)</a></div> In March 2016, artist Joe Quinones revealed several art designs he and <a href="/wiki/Kate_Leth" title="Kate Leth">Kate Leth</a> had created to pitch a comic book continuation set in the Batman '89 universe to DC Comics. The pitch, which was rejected, would have included the story of Billy Dee Williams' Harvey Dent turning into Two-Face as well as the inclusion of characters such as Batgirl in a story that took place following the events of Batman Returns.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In 2021, DC announced it would be releasing a comic book continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Batman_%2789_(comic_book)" title="Batman '89 (comic book)">Batman '89</a> film. The series would be written by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a> and illustrated by Joe Quinones. The comic's synopsis revealed that it would include the return of Selina Kyle/Catwoman, an introduction of a new Robin, and the transformation of Williams' Harvey Dent into Two-Face.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> A followup series was later announced by DC Comics on August 17, 2023. The first issue of the new series was released on November 28, 2023. It was written again by Sam Hamm, with art by Joe Quinones. In the series, Batman has mysteriously disappeared after Dent's death, leading Gotham citizens to take to the streets to fight in his place, including Barbara Gordon, who becomes <a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a> will be featured as the main antagonists,<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> seemingly referencing the unproduced fifth film in the Burton and Schumacher series, Batman Unchained.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_sequel_novels">Direct sequel novels</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Resurrection" title="Batman: Resurrection">Batman: Resurrection</a></div> On April 11, 2024, it was announced that a new novel would be released which would tie-in to the film. Announced with the title <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Resurrection" title="Batman: Resurrection">Batman: Resurrection</a>, the novel was written by author <a href="/wiki/John_Jackson_Miller" title="John Jackson Miller">John Jackson Miller</a>, and acts as a direct sequel to the film, being set between the events of Batman and its sequel Batman Returns, with Batman focusing on dismantling the remnants of Joker's organization, while contemplating on the idea that Joker might not actually be dead. The novel also includes certain characters introduced in the sequel, with one example being Max Shreck.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> It was released on October 15, 2024, by <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>; a sequel, titled Batman: Revolution, was later revealed by Miller and is scheduled for release in fall 2025.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_media">Home media</h3></div> Batman has been released on various formats, including <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>. In an unprecedented move at the time, it was made available to buy on VHS in the United States on November 15, less than six months after its theatrical release, at a suggested retail price of only $24.95 although most sellers sold it for less.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> It was first released on DVD on March 25, 1997, as a double sided disc containing both <a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">Widescreen</a> (1.85:1) and <a href="/wiki/Fullscreen_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullscreen (filmmaking)">Full Screen</a> (1.33:1) versions of the film. The 2005 Batman: The Motion Picture Anthology 1989–1997 included 2-disc special edition DVDs of the film and all three of its sequels. The anthology was also released as a 4-disc Blu-ray set in 2009, with each film and its previous extras contained on a single disc. Other Blu-ray reissues include a "30th Anniversary" Digibook with 50-page booklet, and a steelcase edition; both also include a <a href="/wiki/Digital_Copy" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Copy">Digital Copy</a>. Most recently the "25th Anniversary" Diamond Luxe reissue contained the same disc as before and on a second disc, a new 25-minute featurette: "Batman: The Birth of the Modern Blockbuster". The film was also included in The Tim Burton Collection DVD and Blu-ray set in 2012, alongside its first sequel, Batman Returns. Batman was released on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> on June 4, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Finger-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Finger_2-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a>, co-creator of Batman, the Penguin, and Catwoman, was uncredited at the time of the film's release and his name was not added to any Batman related media until 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Fingercredit-1">[1]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fingercredit-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fingercredit_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fingercredit_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/dc-will-finally-credit-bill-finger-as-co-creator-of-bat-1731947676">"DC Will Finally Credit Bill Finger As Co-Creator Of Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a>. September 20, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831223843/https://io9.gizmodo.com/dc-will-finally-credit-bill-finger-as-co-creator-of-bat-1731947676">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC+Will+Finally+Credit+Bill+Finger+As+Co-Creator+Of+Batman&rft.pub=Gizmodo&rft.date=2015-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fdc-will-finally-credit-bill-finger-as-co-creator-of-bat-1731947676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afi-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afi_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/57898">"Batman (1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>. Retrieved April 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F57898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lumiere-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Lumiere_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=2474">"Batman (1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lumiere_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumiere (database)">Lumiere</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623142858/http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=2474">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lumiere&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flumiere.obs.coe.int%2Fweb%2Ffilm_info%2F%3Fid%3D2474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408150048/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79c7384e">"Batman (1989)"</a>. BFI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79c7384e">the original</a> on April 8, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFI&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b79c7384e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guber-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guber_6-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffinMasters1997" class="citation book cs1">Griffin, Nancy; Masters, Kim (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitrunhowjonpete00grif/page/158">"Hit Men"</a>. Hit & Run: How Jon Peters and Peter Guber Took Sony For A Ride In Hollywood. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitrunhowjonpete00grif/page/158">158–174</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-80931-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-80931-1"><bdi>0-684-80931-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hit+Men&rft.btitle=Hit+%26+Run%3A+How+Jon+Peters+and+Peter+Guber+Took+Sony+For+A+Ride+In+Hollywood&rft.pages=158-174&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-684-80931-1&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Masters%2C+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitrunhowjonpete00grif%2Fpage%2F158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoxOfficeMojo-7"><a href="#cite_ref-BoxOfficeMojo_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0096895/">"Batman (1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616234608/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0096895/">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0096895%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elfman-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elfman_8-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalisburyBurton2006" class="citation book cs1">Salisbury, Mark; <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Burton, Tim</a> (2006). "Batman". Burton on Burton. London: Faber and Faber. pp. 70–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-22926-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-22926-3"><bdi>0-571-22926-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.btitle=Burton+on+Burton&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-571-22926-3&rft.aulast=Salisbury&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Burton%2C+Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Tim Burton, Burton on Burton: Revised Edition (London: Faber and Faber, 2006) 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBill_"Jett"_Ramey2005" class="citation news cs1">Bill "Jett" Ramey (November 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927101837/http://www.batman-on-film.com/interview_muslan_2.html">"An Interview With Michael Uslan – Part 1"</a>. Batman-on-Film. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.batman-on-film.com/interview_muslan_2.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Batman-on-Film&rft.atitle=An+Interview+With+Michael+Uslan+%E2%80%93+Part+1&rft.date=2005-11-08&rft.au=Bill+%22Jett%22+Ramey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.batman-on-film.com%2Finterview_muslan_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBill_"Jett"_Ramey2005" class="citation news cs1">Bill "Jett" Ramey (November 11, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927101835/http://www.batman-on-film.com/interview_muslan_3.html">"An Interview With Michael Uslan – Part 2"</a>. Batman-on-Film. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.batman-on-film.com/interview_muslan_3.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Batman-on-Film&rft.atitle=An+Interview+With+Michael+Uslan+%E2%80%93+Part+2&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft.au=Bill+%22Jett%22+Ramey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.batman-on-film.com%2Finterview_muslan_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-production-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-production_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-production_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-production_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-production_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-production_12-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1989" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Alan (November 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204224714/http://www.batman-online.com/index.php?articles;id=2">"Batman in Production"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinefantastique" title="Cinefantastique">Cinefantastique</a>. pp. 75–88. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.batman-online.com/index.php?articles;id=2">the original</a> on December 4, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Batman+in+Production&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.date=1989-11&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.batman-online.com%2Findex.php%3Farticles%3Bid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-road-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-road_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-road_13-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Uslan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Uslan">Michael Uslan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Melniker" title="Benjamin Melniker">Benjamin Melniker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Guber" title="Peter Guber">Peter Guber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mankiewicz" title="Tom Mankiewicz">Tom Mankiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a>, Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight—The Road to Gotham City, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_14-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1989" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Alan (November 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205004312/http://www.1989batman.com/2013/08/vintage-magazine-article.html">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinefantastique" title="Cinefantastique">Cinefantastique</a>. pp. 55–67. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1989batman.com/2013/08/vintage-magazine-article.html">the original</a> on December 5, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefantastique&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.date=1989-11&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1989batman.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fvintage-magazine-article.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStax2001" class="citation news cs1">Stax (December 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movies.ign.com/articles/036/036038p1.html">"The Stax Report Special Edition: Script Review of The Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206080334/http://movies.ign.com/articles/036/036038p1.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=The+Stax+Report+Special+Edition%3A+Script+Review+of+The+Batman&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.au=Stax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmovies.ign.com%2Farticles%2F036%2F036038p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_16-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite1989" class="citation news cs1">White, Taylor L. (July 1989). "Batman". <a href="/wiki/Cinefantastique" title="Cinefantastique">Cinefantastique</a>. pp. 33–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefantastique&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=1989-07&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Taylor+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forever-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forever_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forever_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forever_17-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanke1999" class="citation book cs1">Hanke, Ken (1999). "Going Batty in Britain". Tim Burton: An Unauthorized Biography of the Filmmaker. <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Books" title="Renaissance Books">Renaissance Books</a>. pp. 75–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58063-162-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-58063-162-2"><bdi>1-58063-162-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Going+Batty+in+Britain&rft.btitle=Tim+Burton%3A+An+Unauthorized+Biography+of+the+Filmmaker&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.pub=Renaissance+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-58063-162-2&rft.aulast=Hanke&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee_Goldberg_&_David_McDonnell1986" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Goldberg" title="Lee Goldberg">Lee Goldberg</a> & David McDonnell (September 1986). "Wes Craven's Double Doubleheader". <a href="/wiki/Fangoria" title="Fangoria">Fangoria</a>. No. 57. <a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven">Wes Craven</a> (interviewed). pp. 50–53, 64. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0164-2111">0164-2111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fangoria&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven%27s+Double+Doubleheader&rft.issue=57&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E53%2C+64&rft.date=1986-09&rft.issn=0164-2111&rft.au=Lee+Goldberg+%26+David+McDonnell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steve-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steveenglehart.com/Film/Batman%20movie.html">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a>.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214111803/http://www.steveenglehart.com/Film/Batman%20movie.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steve+Englehart.com&rft.atitle=Batman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steveenglehart.com%2FFilm%2FBatman%2520movie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamm-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_20-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRebello1989" class="citation news cs1">Rebello, Stephen (November 1989). "Sam Hamm – Screenwriter". <a href="/wiki/Cinefantastique" title="Cinefantastique">Cinefantastique</a>. pp. 34–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefantastique&rft.atitle=Sam+Hamm+%E2%80%93+Screenwriter&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=1989-11&rft.aulast=Rebello&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-storm-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-storm_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-storm_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-storm_21-2">c</a> Tim Burton, Sam Hamm, Mark Canton, Michael Keaton, Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight—The Gathering Storm, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/batmananthology/images/f/f4/GordonBeat.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20140217042511">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213011956/http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/batmananthology/images/f/f4/GordonBeat.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20140217042511">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvignette3.wikia.nocookie.net%2Fbatmananthology%2Fimages%2Ff%2Ff4%2FGordonBeat.jpg%2Frevision%2Flatest%3Fcb%3D20140217042511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-variety-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-variety_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-variety_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLowry2013" class="citation web cs1">Lowry, Brian (August 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2013/voices/columns/batman-backlash-ben-affleck-has-nothing-on-michael-keaton-1200587317/">"Batman Backlash: Ben Affleck Has Nothing on Michael Keaton"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191121060333/https://variety.com/2013/voices/columns/batman-backlash-ben-affleck-has-nothing-on-michael-keaton-1200587317/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Batman+Backlash%3A+Ben+Affleck+Has+Nothing+on+Michael+Keaton&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2013%2Fvoices%2Fcolumns%2Fbatman-backlash-ben-affleck-has-nothing-on-michael-keaton-1200587317%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Busch-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Busch_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Busch_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBusch,_Jenna2014" class="citation news cs1">Busch, Jenna (July 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.superherohype.com/features/306949-exclusive-interview-batman-producer-michael-uslan-talks-the-legacy-of-superhero-cinema">"Interview: Batman Producer Michael Uslan Talks the Legacy of Superhero Cinema"</a>. Superhero Hype!. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207110523/https://www.superherohype.com/features/306949-exclusive-interview-batman-producer-michael-uslan-talks-the-legacy-of-superhero-cinema">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Batman+Producer+Michael+Uslan+Talks+the+Legacy+of+Superhero+Cinema&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft.au=Busch%2C+Jenna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.superherohype.com%2Ffeatures%2F306949-exclusive-interview-batman-producer-michael-uslan-talks-the-legacy-of-superhero-cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/21/pierce-brosnan-turned-down-tim-burton-batman">"Pierce Brosnan: I turned down Tim Burton's Batman"</a>. The Guardian. August 21, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207110505/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/21/pierce-brosnan-turned-down-tim-burton-batman">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pierce+Brosnan%3A+I+turned+down+Tim+Burton%27s+Batman&rft.date=2014-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2014%2Faug%2F21%2Fpierce-brosnan-turned-down-tim-burton-batman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWigler2009" class="citation news cs1">Wigler, Josh (October 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909044420/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/10/27/exclusive-willem-dafoe-as-batman-it-almost-happened/">"Exclusive: Willem Dafoe As Batman? It Almost Happened!"</a>. MTV.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/10/27/exclusive-willem-dafoe-as-batman-it-almost-happened/">the original</a> on September 9, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Willem+Dafoe+As+Batman%3F+It+Almost+Happened%21&rft.date=2009-10-27&rft.aulast=Wigler&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsplashpage.mtv.com%2F2009%2F10%2F27%2Fexclusive-willem-dafoe-as-batman-it-almost-happened%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> John Peters, <a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_%22Superman_Lives%22:_What_Happened%3F" title="The Death of "Superman Lives": What Happened?">The Death of "Superman Lives": What Happened?</a>, 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-Joe-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_28-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_28-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorgenstern1989" class="citation news cs1">Morgenstern, Joe (April 9, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/09/magazine/tim-burton-batman-and-the-joker.html">"Tim Burton, Batman and The Joker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084229/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/09/magazine/tim-burton-batman-and-the-joker.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tim+Burton%2C+Batman+and+The+Joker&rft.date=1989-04-09&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F04%2F09%2Fmagazine%2Ftim-burton-batman-and-the-joker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-battle-29"><a href="#cite_ref-battle_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHilary_de_Vries1989" class="citation news cs1">Hilary de Vries (February 5, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/05/movies/film-batman-battles-for-big-money.html">"Batman Battles for Big Money"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207110506/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/05/movies/film-batman-battles-for-big-money.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Batman+Battles+for+Big+Money&rft.date=1989-02-05&rft.au=Hilary+de+Vries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F02%2F05%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-batman-battles-for-big-money.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Daniels, Les</a> (2000). Batman: The Complete History. <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Books" title="Chronicle Books">Chronicle Books</a>. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8118-2470-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8118-2470-5"><bdi>0-8118-2470-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman%3A+The+Complete+History&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8118-2470-5&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilchrist2011" class="citation news cs1">Gilchrist, Todd (November 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903111351/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/ray_liotta_says_tim_burton_wanted_to_meet_with_him_for_batman">"Ray Liotta Says Tim Burton Wanted To Meet With Him For 'Batman'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiewire" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiewire">Indiewire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/ray_liotta_says_tim_burton_wanted_to_meet_with_him_for_batman">the original</a> on September 3, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiewire&rft.atitle=Ray+Liotta+Says+Tim+Burton+Wanted+To+Meet+With+Him+For+%27Batman%27&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft.aulast=Gilchrist&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.indiewire.com%2Ftheplaylist%2Fray_liotta_says_tim_burton_wanted_to_meet_with_him_for_batman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reboot-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reboot_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reboot_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reboot_32-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes2003" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, David (2003). "Batman". Comic Book Movies. <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a>. pp. 33–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7535-0767-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7535-0767-6"><bdi>0-7535-0767-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.btitle=Comic+Book+Movies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7535-0767-6&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChild2013" class="citation news cs1">Child, Ben (October 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/oct/15/batman-joker-brad-dourif-jack-nicholson">"Batman's Joker was originally Brad Dourif, not Jack Nicholson, says Dourif"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved October 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Batman%27s+Joker+was+originally+Brad+Dourif%2C+not+Jack+Nicholson%2C+says+Dourif&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2013%2Foct%2F15%2Fbatman-joker-brad-dourif-jack-nicholson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Syckle2017" class="citation web cs1">Van Syckle, Katie (June 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/john-lithgow-could-have-played-the-joker-but-turned-it-down.html">"John Lithgow Still Regrets Passing on Playing the Joker in Tim Burton's Batman"</a>. Vulture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191121192027/https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/john-lithgow-could-have-played-the-joker-but-turned-it-down.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=John+Lithgow+Still+Regrets+Passing+on+Playing+the+Joker+in+Tim+Burton%27s+Batman&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.aulast=Van+Syckle&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2017%2F06%2Fjohn-lithgow-could-have-played-the-joker-but-turned-it-down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Stuber2019" class="citation podcast cs1">Joe Stuber (June 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicbookcentral.net/tag/robert-wuhl/">"Episode 261: Special Guest Robert Whul!"</a>. Comic Book Central (Podcast). Joe Stuber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230195238/http://comicbookcentral.net/tag/robert-wuhl/">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episode+261%3A+Special+Guest+Robert+Whul%21&rft.pub=Joe+Stuber&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.au=Joe+Stuber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomicbookcentral.net%2Ftag%2Frobert-wuhl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-empire-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-empire_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-empire_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-empire_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-empire_36-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnstone1989" class="citation news cs1">Johnstone, Iain (August 1989). "Dark Knight in the City of Dreams". <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>. pp. 46–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=Dark+Knight+in+the+City+of+Dreams&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=1989-08&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Iain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-celfans-37"><a href="#cite_ref-celfans_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212070350/http://www.nba.com/features/lakers_celebs_070309.html">"Top 10 Celebrity Lakers Fans"</a>. NBA.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nba.com/features/lakers_celebs_070309.html">the original</a> on December 12, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBA.com&rft.atitle=Top+10+Celebrity+Lakers+Fans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Ffeatures%2Flakers_celebs_070309.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHochman2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Hochman, David (March 3, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2000/03/03/biggest-movie-payoffs/">"The biggest movie payoffs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222151019/https://ew.com/article/2000/03/03/biggest-movie-payoffs/">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+biggest+movie+payoffs&rft.date=2000-03-03&rft.aulast=Hochman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2000%2F03%2F03%2Fbiggest-movie-payoffs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarey2013" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Matt (November 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/08/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/jack-nicholson-you-dont-know-jack/">"You don't know Jack (Nicholson)"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114025419/http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/08/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/jack-nicholson-you-dont-know-jack">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=You+don%27t+know+Jack+%28Nicholson%29&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F11%2F08%2Fshowbiz%2Fcelebrity-news-gossip%2Fjack-nicholson-you-dont-know-jack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/top-ten-batman-villains-on-screen-c9xwz76jg6q">"Top ten Batman villains on screen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. July 17, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712171429/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/top-ten-batman-villains-on-screen-c9xwz76jg6q">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019. <q>Nicholson... demanded top-billing and a deal that gave him royalties on merchandise.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Top+ten+Batman+villains+on+screen&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ftop-ten-batman-villains-on-screen-c9xwz76jg6q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-shadows-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shadows_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shadows_41-1">b</a> Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight, "Part 2: The Gathering Storm", DVD documentary, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-audio-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-audio_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-audio_42-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>, DVD <a href="/wiki/Audio_commentary" title="Audio commentary">audio commentary</a>, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-heroes-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heroes_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heroes_43-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wuhl" title="Robert Wuhl">Robert Wuhl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hingle" title="Pat Hingle">Pat Hingle</a>, Batman: The Heroes, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Batman Special Edition DVD/Blu-ray, Tim Burton Commentary </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Walter" title="Tracey Walter">Tracey Walter</a>, Batman: The Villains, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Comics Scene magazine, #14, August 1990, page 51 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEttedgui1999" class="citation book cs1">Ettedgui, Peter (1999). Production Design and Art Direction (Screencraft Series). Focal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0240804007" title="Special:BookSources/0240804007"><bdi>0240804007</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Production+Design+and+Art+Direction+%28Screencraft+Series%29&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0240804007&rft.aulast=Ettedgui&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> Published in 1999, Focal Press </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Furst" title="Anton Furst">Anton Furst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Meddings" title="Derek Meddings">Derek Meddings</a>, Visualizing Gotham: The Production Design of Batman, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorlissDutka1989" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corliss" title="Richard Corliss">Corliss, Richard</a>; Dutka, Elaine (June 19, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424110019/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,957980,00.html">"The Caped Crusader Flies Again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,957980,00.html">the original</a> on April 24, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Caped+Crusader+Flies+Again&rft.date=1989-06-19&rft.aulast=Corliss&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Dutka%2C+Elaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C957980%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keithshortsculptor.com/batman4.htm">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Short" title="Keith Short">Keith Short</a>.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214002630/http://www.keithshortsculptor.com/batman4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keith+Short.com&rft.atitle=Batman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keithshortsculptor.com%2Fbatman4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Short" title="Keith Short">Keith Short</a>, Building the Batmobile, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Rob2018" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Rob (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508183333/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/may/08/jeff-dunham-offensive-puppets-voice-trumps-america-achmed-dead-terrorist-jose-mexican-immigrant">"How Jeff Dunham's offensive puppets became the voice of Trump's America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/may/08/jeff-dunham-offensive-puppets-voice-trumps-america-achmed-dead-terrorist-jose-mexican-immigrant">the original</a> on May 8, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Jeff+Dunham%27s+offensive+puppets+became+the+voice+of+Trump%27s+America&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.au=Walker%2C+Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2018%2Fmay%2F08%2Fjeff-dunham-offensive-puppets-voice-trumps-america-achmed-dead-terrorist-jose-mexican-immigrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-batto-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-batto_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-batto_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJody_Duncan_Shannon1990" class="citation news cs1">Jody Duncan Shannon (February 1990). "Building the Bat-suit". <a href="/wiki/Cinefex" title="Cinefex">Cinefex</a>. pp. 16–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefex&rft.atitle=Building+the+Bat-suit&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=1990-02&rft.au=Jody+Duncan+Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Bob Ringwood, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>, Designing the Batsuit, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2016" class="citation news cs1">Robinson, Melia (March 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nike-batman-boots-2016-3">"Nike designed a pretty terrible pair of boots for Tim Burton's 1989 'Batman' movie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209025619/https://www.businessinsider.com/nike-batman-boots-2016-3">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nike+designed+a+pretty+terrible+pair+of+boots+for+Tim+Burton%27s+1989+%27Batman%27+movie&rft.date=2016-03-26&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Melia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fnike-batman-boots-2016-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20081006231931/http://blogs.amctv.com/future_of_classic/2007/06/reinventing-the.html">"Reinventing the Batsuit for the Modern Era"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="AMC (TV network)">American Movies Classic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.amctv.com/future_of_classic/2007/06/reinventing-the.html">the original</a> on October 6, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Movies+Classic&rft.atitle=Reinventing+the+Batsuit+for+the+Modern+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.amctv.com%2Ffuture_of_classic%2F2007%2F06%2Freinventing-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1989" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Alan (November 1989). "The Joker's Make-up". <a href="/wiki/Cinefantastique" title="Cinefantastique">Cinefantastique</a>. pp. 69–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefantastique&rft.atitle=The+Joker%27s+Make-up&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=1989-11&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinewood-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinewood_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinewood_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Welcome to Europe Batman (Pinewood Studios advertisement)". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. August 9, 1989. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Europe+Batman+%28Pinewood+Studios+advertisement%29&rft.pages=40&rft.date=1989-08-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manor-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manor_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manor_59-1">b</a> Hanke, p.87-96 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukonscreen.com/gkjhkbb-Batman-(1989).html">"Batman (1989) Filming Locations"</a>. Ukonscreen.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208165444/http://www.ukonscreen.com/gkjhkbb-Batman-(1989).html">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman+%281989%29+Filming+Locations&rft.pub=Ukonscreen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukonscreen.com%2Fgkjhkbb-Batman-%281989%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Salisbury, Burton, p.145 </li> <li id="cite_note-MTVvoice-62"><a href="#cite_ref-MTVvoice_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWigler" class="citation web cs1">Wigler, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204095907/http://www.mtv.com/news/2047921/michael-keaton-batman-voice/">"Michael Keaton Reveals The Secret Origin Of His Batman Voice"</a>. MTV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/2047921/michael-keaton-batman-voice/">the original</a> on December 4, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MTV&rft.atitle=Michael+Keaton+Reveals+The+Secret+Origin+Of+His+Batman+Voice&rft.aulast=Wigler&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F2047921%2Fmichael-keaton-batman-voice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStone2004" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Tom (September 28, 2004). "How Hollywood had the last laugh". <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+Hollywood+had+the+last+laugh&rft.date=2004-09-28&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-overtures-64"><a href="#cite_ref-overtures_64-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>, Nocturnal Overtures: The Music of Batman, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-reborn-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reborn_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reborn_65-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hamm" title="Sam Hamm">Sam Hamm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a>, Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight—The Legend Reborn, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilchrist2019" class="citation web cs1">Gilchrist, Todd (June 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/music/news/prince-batman-at-30-how-film-saved-his-career-1203251356/">"Prince's 'Batman' at 30: How the Film Saved His Career From 'Horrible' Financial Straits"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011153216/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/prince-batman-at-30-how-film-saved-his-career-1203251356/">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince%27s+%27Batman%27+at+30%3A+How+the+Film+Saved+His+Career+From+%27Horrible%27+Financial+Straits&rft.pub=Variety&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=Gilchrist&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fprince-batman-at-30-how-film-saved-his-career-1203251356%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGivens1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Givens, Ron (February 23, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1990/02/23/danny-elfman-rise/">"The Elfman Cometh"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080107120918/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316794%2C00.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved December 18, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Elfman+Cometh&rft.date=1990-02-23&rft.aulast=Givens&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1990%2F02%2F23%2Fdanny-elfman-rise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSloane1995" class="citation news cs1">Sloane, Judy (August 1995). "Elfman on scoring". Film Review. p. 77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Review&rft.atitle=Elfman+on+scoring&rft.pages=77&rft.date=1995-08&rft.aulast=Sloane&rft.aufirst=Judy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolden1989" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Holden" title="Stephen Holden">Holden, Stephen</a> (July 19, 1989). "The Pop Life". <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Pop+Life&rft.date=1989-07-19&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewman1989" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Newman" title="Kim Newman">Newman, Kim</a> (September 1989). "Batman". <a href="/wiki/Monthly_Film_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthly Film Bulletin">Monthly Film Bulletin</a>. pp. 61–64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Film+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=1989-09&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hal-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Hal_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHinson1989" class="citation news cs1">Hinson, Hal (June 23, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/batmanpg13hinson_a07fb8.htm">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111125833/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/batmanpg13hinson_a07fb8.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.date=1989-06-23&rft.aulast=Hinson&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fmovies%2Fvideos%2Fbatmanpg13hinson_a07fb8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorliss1989" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corliss" title="Richard Corliss">Corliss, Richard</a> (June 19, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424105538/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,957972,00.html">"Murk in The Myth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,957972,00.html">the original</a> on April 24, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Murk+in+The+Myth&rft.date=1989-06-19&rft.aulast=Corliss&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C957972%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cartoon-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cartoon_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cartoon_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cartoon_73-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcMahan2005" class="citation book cs1">McMahan, Alison (2005). "Burton's Batman: Myth, Marketing, and Merchandising". The Films of Tim Burton: Animating Live Action in Contemporary Hollywood. <a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills, Michigan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gale_(Cengage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale (Cengage)">Gale</a>. pp. 121–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1566-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1566-0"><bdi>0-8264-1566-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burton%27s+Batman%3A+Myth%2C+Marketing%2C+and+Merchandising&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Tim+Burton%3A+Animating+Live+Action+in+Contemporary+Hollywood&rft.place=Farmington+Hills%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E156&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8264-1566-0&rft.aulast=McMahan&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2019" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Giacomo (September 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/features/graphic-design/batman-1989-why-anton-fursts-iconic-movie-logo-designs-still-resonate-30-years-on/">"Batman 1989: Why the iconic movie logo and design work by Anton Furst still resonate"</a>. Digital Arts. Retrieved October 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Arts&rft.atitle=Batman+1989%3A+Why+the+iconic+movie+logo+and+design+work+by+Anton+Furst+still+resonate&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalartsonline.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fgraphic-design%2Fbatman-1989-why-anton-fursts-iconic-movie-logo-designs-still-resonate-30-years-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurray2013" class="citation web cs1">Murray, Noel (October 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedissolve.com/features/adventures-in-licensing/207-how-the-1989-batman-logo-helped-set-the-course-for/">"How the 1989 Batman logo helped set the course for superhero movies"</a>. The Dissolve. Retrieved October 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dissolve&rft.atitle=How+the+1989+Batman+logo+helped+set+the+course+for+superhero+movies&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedissolve.com%2Ffeatures%2Fadventures-in-licensing%2F207-how-the-1989-batman-logo-helped-set-the-course-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Smith" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Kevin_Smith" title="An Evening with Kevin Smith">An Evening with Kevin Smith</a>, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Sony Pictures Home Entertainment">Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGardner1992" class="citation book cs1">Gardner, Craig Shaw (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/batmanreturns00gard">Batman: The Novelization (Mass Market Paperback)</a>. Warner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0446363030" title="Special:BookSources/0446363030"><bdi>0446363030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman%3A+The+Novelization+%28Mass+Market+Paperback%29&rft.pub=Warner+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0446363030&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Craig+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbatmanreturns00gard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Paperback Best Sellers: June 18, 1989". <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 18, 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Paperback+Best+Sellers%3A+June+18%2C+1989&rft.date=1989-06-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray2002-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Gray2002_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray2002" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Brandon (May 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1157&p=.htm">"'Spider-Man' Takes Box Office on the Ultimate Spin: $114.8 Million"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207041845/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1157&p=.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=%27Spider-Man%27+Takes+Box+Office+on+the+Ultimate+Spin%3A+%24114.8+Million&rft.date=2002-05-06&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fnews%2F%3Fid%3D1157%26p%3D.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weekends-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weekends_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weekends_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Murphy, Arthur D. (October 31, 1989). "Leading North American Film Boxoffice Weekends in History". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Daily Variety</a>. p. 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=Leading+North+American+Film+Boxoffice+Weekends+in+History&rft.pages=53&rft.date=1989-10-31&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Arthur+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMdaily-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOMdaily_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOMdaily_81-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=batman.htm">"Batman (1989) Daily Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402035506/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=batman.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29+Daily+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fmovies%2F%3Fpage%3Ddaily%26id%3Dbatman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcBride1989" class="citation news cs1">McBride, Joseph (June 28, 1989). "'Batman' Swoops to Conquer". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Batman%27+Swoops+to+Conquer&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1989-06-28&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-batman-breaks-box/129289946/">"'Batman' breaks box-office records"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Sentinel" title="Santa Cruz Sentinel">Santa Cruz Sentinel</a>. June 27, 1989. p. 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230802022355/https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-batman-breaks-box/129289946/">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Batman%27+breaks+box-office+records&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1989-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fsanta-cruz-sentinel-batman-breaks-box%2F129289946%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray2003" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Brandon (April 14, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed829686788/">"'Anger' Manages April Record: $42.2 Million"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514235806/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed829686788/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=%27Anger%27+Manages+April+Record%3A+%2442.2+Million&rft.date=2003-04-14&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Farticle%2Fed829686788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcBride1989" class="citation news cs1">McBride, Joseph (July 5, 1989). "'Batman' Tops $100-Million". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Batman%27+Tops+%24100-Million&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1989-07-05&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batman.htm">"Batman (1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090611040540/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batman.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Fmovies%2F%3Fid%3Dbatman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2020/06/25/twister-is-getting-rebooted-because-now-every-hit-movie-is-a-franchise/?sh=3bb11fd32470">"'Twister': The Circumstances Of Its Blockbuster Success May Be Impossible To Replicate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227180341/https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2020/06/25/twister-is-getting-rebooted-because-now-every-hit-movie-is-a-franchise/?sh=3bb11fd32470">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%27Twister%27%3A+The+Circumstances+Of+Its+Blockbuster+Success+May+Be+Impossible+To+Replicate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fscottmendelson%2F2020%2F06%2F25%2Ftwister-is-getting-rebooted-because-now-every-hit-movie-is-a-franchise%2F%3Fsh%3D3bb11fd32470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=dccomics.htm">"DC Comics Movies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022122056/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=dccomics.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=DC+Comics+Movies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Ffranchises%2Fchart%2F%3Fid%3Ddccomics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray2002" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Brandon (May 20, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed2054423556/">"'Spider-Man,' 'About a Boy' Survive and Thrive Under 'Attack'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101161553/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed2054423556/">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=%27Spider-Man%2C%27+%27About+a+Boy%27+Survive+and+Thrive+Under+%27Attack%27&rft.date=2002-05-20&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Farticle%2Fed2054423556%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm">"All Time Domestic Box Office Results"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803190039/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Domestic+Box+Office+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fdomestic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=1989&p=.htm">"1989 Worldwide Grosses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015082918/http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=1989&p=.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=1989+Worldwide+Grosses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Fyearly%2Fchart%2F%3Fview2%3Dworldwide%26yr%3D1989%26p%3D.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1989&p=.htm">"1989 Domestic Grosses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216052455/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1989&p=.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=1989+Domestic+Grosses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Fyearly%2Fchart%2F%3Fyr%3D1989%26p%3D.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mad-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mad_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mad_93-1">b</a> Jeffrey Resner (August 1992). "Three Go Mad in Gotham", <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>, pp. 44–52. Retrieved on August 14, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batman.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm">"Batman (1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804215946/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batman.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fmovies%2F%3Fid%3Dbatman.htm%26adjust_yr%3D1%26p%3D.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDougal1991" class="citation web cs1">McDougal, Dennis (March 21, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-21-ca-796-story.html">"A Blockbuster Deficit : 'Batman' Accounts Show a $35.8-Million Deficit for the Warners Hit That Grossed $253.4 Million; the Film May Never Show Profit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731004833/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-21-ca-796-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+Blockbuster+Deficit+%3A+%27Batman%27+Accounts+Show+a+%2435.8-Million+Deficit+for+the+Warners+Hit+That+Grossed+%24253.4+Million%3B+the+Film+May+Never+Show+Profit&rft.date=1991-03-21&rft.aulast=McDougal&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-03-21-ca-796-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1001781-batman">"Batman (1989)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725123544/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1001781-batman">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2F1001781-batman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116852#P444" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/batman">"Batman (1989): Reviews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130326155043/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/batman">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29%3A+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fbatman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CinemaScore-98"><a href="#cite_ref-CinemaScore_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.cinemascore.com">"CinemaScore"</a>. cinemascore.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20170916153548/https://m.cinemascore.com/">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cinemascore.com&rft.atitle=CinemaScore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.cinemascore.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSauriol,_Patrick1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Sauriol, Patrick (July 1998). "Dark Knight Triumphant". <a href="/wiki/Wizard_(magazine)" title="Wizard (magazine)">Wizard</a>. p. 208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wizard&rft.atitle=Dark+Knight+Triumphant&rft.pages=208&rft.date=1998-07&rft.au=Sauriol%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerardinelli2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Berardinelli" title="James Berardinelli">Berardinelli, James</a> (June 5, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/b/batman.html">"Batman (1989)"</a>. ReelViews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121162118/https://preview.reelviews.net/movies/b/batman.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ReelViews&rft.atitle=Batman+%281989%29&rft.date=2001-06-05&rft.aulast=Berardinelli&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpreview.reelviews.net%2Fmovies%2Fb%2Fbatman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1988/film/reviews/batman-2-1200428063/">"Film Reviews: Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. June 14, 1989. Retrieved May 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Film+Reviews%3A+Batman&rft.date=1989-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1988%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fbatman-2-1200428063%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEbert1989" class="citation news cs1">Ebert, Roger (June 23, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/batman-1989">"Batman"</a>. Chicago Sun-Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413215358/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/batman-1989">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2008 – via <a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Batman&rft.date=1989-06-23&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fbatman-1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEbertGene1989" class="citation episode cs1">Ebert, Roger (host); Gene, Siskel (host) (June 24, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZ3taEufae0">"Batman, Honey I Shrunk the Kids, Tummy Trouble, Ghostbusters II, Kung-fu Master!"</a>. Siskel & Ebert. Season 3. Episode 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211115/nZ3taEufae0">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siskel+%26+Ebert&rft.series=Season+3.+Episode+41&rft.date=1989-06-24&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger+%28host%29&rft.au=Gene%2C+Siskel+%28host%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DnZ3taEufae0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990/B?qt-honorees=1#block-quicktabs-honorees">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917081048/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990/B?qt-honorees=1#block-quicktabs-honorees">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=Batman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1990%2FB%3Fqt-honorees%3D1%23block-quicktabs-honorees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828132535/http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/23678">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Foreign_Press_Association" title="Hollywood Foreign Press Association">Hollywood Foreign Press Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/23678">the original</a> on August 28, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hollywood+Foreign+Press+Association&rft.atitle=Batman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenglobes.org%2Fbrowse%2Ffilm%2F23678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?sq=Batman">"Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707205616/http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?sq=Batman">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft.atitle=Batman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bafta.org%2Fawards-database.html%3Fsq%3DBatman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511180136/http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html">"Past Saturn Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a>.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saturn+Awards.org&rft.atitle=Past+Saturn+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saturnawards.org%2Fpast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/index.php?s=Batman">"1990 Hugo Awards"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Awards</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302032538/http://www.thehugoawards.org/index.php?s=Batman">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hugo+Awards&rft.atitle=1990+Hugo+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Findex.php%3Fs%3DBatman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiniKidd1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dini" title="Paul Dini">Dini, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chip_Kidd" title="Chip Kidd">Kidd, Chip</a> (1998). <a href="/wiki/Batman_Animated" title="Batman Animated">Batman Animated</a>. <a href="/wiki/Titan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Books">Titan Books</a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84023-016-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84023-016-9"><bdi>1-84023-016-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman+Animated&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-84023-016-9&rft.aulast=Dini&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Kidd%2C+Chip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimmNolen-Weathington2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Timm" title="Bruce Timm">Timm, Bruce</a>; Nolen-Weathington, Erick (2004). Modern Masters Volume 3: Bruce Timm. <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>. pp. 38–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-893905-30-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-893905-30-6"><bdi>1-893905-30-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Masters+Volume+3%3A+Bruce+Timm&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-893905-30-6&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Nolen-Weathington%2C+Erick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoucher2008" class="citation news cs1">Boucher, Geoff (October 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herocomplex.latimes.com/uncategorized/tim-burton-talk/">"Tim Burton talks about Johnny Depp, 'Alice in Wonderland' and 'The Dark Knight'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202184347/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/uncategorized/tim-burton-talk/">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tim+Burton+talks+about+Johnny+Depp%2C+%27Alice+in+Wonderland%27+and+%27The+Dark+Knight%27&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherocomplex.latimes.com%2Funcategorized%2Ftim-burton-talk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Olly Richards (September 1992). "Trouble in Gotham", <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>, pp. 21–23. Retrieved on August 14, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMendelson2009" class="citation news cs1">Mendelson, Scott (June 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627032037/http://open.salon.com/blog/scott_mendelson/2009/06/24/20_years_later_how_batman_changed_the_movie_business">"20 years later, how Batman changed the movie business..."</a> Salon.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.salon.com/blog/scott_mendelson/2009/06/24/20_years_later_how_batman_changed_the_movie_business">the original</a> on June 27, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=20+years+later%2C+how+Batman+changed+the+movie+business...&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft.aulast=Mendelson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen.salon.com%2Fblog%2Fscott_mendelson%2F2009%2F06%2F24%2F20_years_later_how_batman_changed_the_movie_business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2223293.stm">"The 12: From Batman to Spider-Man"</a>. BBC News. August 29, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506214023/https://server-uk.imrworldwide.com/a1.js">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+12%3A+From+Batman+to+Spider-Man&rft.date=2002-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F2223293.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/along-came-a-spider-175398.html">"Along came a spider"</a>. The Independent. January 10, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506214024/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/along-came-a-spider-175398.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Along+came+a+spider&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Falong-came-a-spider-175398.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807135547/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/handv100.pdf?docID=246">"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/handv100.pdf?docID%3D246">the original</a> (PDF) on August 7, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFI%27s+100+Years...+100+Heroes+and+Villains&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconnect.afi.com%2Fsite%2FDocServer%2Fhandv100.pdf%3FdocID%253D246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf">"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Greatest American Movie Nominees"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFI%27s+100+Years...+100+Greatest+American+Movie+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fmovies400.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/thrills400.pdf">"AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Nominees"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706070532/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/thrills400.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFI%27s+100+Years...100+Thrills+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fthrills400.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/quotes400.pdf">"AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes Nominees"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706070525/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/quotes400.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFI%27s+100+Years...100+Movie+Quotes+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fquotes400.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/scores250.pdf">"HollywoodBowlBallot"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706070523/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/scores250.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HollywoodBowlBallot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fscores250.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/drop/ballot.pdf">"AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326214614/http://www.afi.com/drop/ballot.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFI%27s+10+Top+10+Ballot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2Fdrop%2Fballot.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrum2019" class="citation web cs1">Drum, Nicole (October 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/dc/2019/10/13/batman-89-robert-wuhl-alexander-knox-crisis-on-infinite-earths/">"Batman '89 Universe Confirmed For Crisis on Infinite Earths"</a>. ComicBook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208225841/https://comicbook.com/dc/2019/10/13/batman-89-robert-wuhl-alexander-knox-crisis-on-infinite-earths/">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ComicBook&rft.atitle=Batman+%2789+Universe+Confirmed+For+Crisis+on+Infinite+Earths&rft.date=2019-10-13&rft.aulast=Drum&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fdc%2F2019%2F10%2F13%2Fbatman-89-robert-wuhl-alexander-knox-crisis-on-infinite-earths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBreznican2020" class="citation news cs1">Breznican, Anthony (August 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2020/08/ben-affleck-returns-batman-the-flash-multiverse-keaton">"Ben Affleck Will Return as Batman in The Flash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820190653/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2020/08/ben-affleck-returns-batman-the-flash-multiverse-keaton">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Ben+Affleck+Will+Return+as+Batman+in+The+Flash&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft.aulast=Breznican&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2020%2F08%2Fben-affleck-returns-batman-the-flash-multiverse-keaton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlancey1989" class="citation journal cs1">Glancey, Paul (November 1989). "Review - Amiga - Batman". <a href="/wiki/Computer_%26_Video_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer & Video Games">Computer & Video Games</a> (96). <a href="/wiki/EMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="EMAP">EMAP</a>: 54, 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+%26+Video+Games&rft.atitle=Review+-+Amiga+-+Batman&rft.issue=96&rft.pages=54%2C+55&rft.date=1989-11&rft.aulast=Glancey&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRasa2014" class="citation web cs1">Rasa, Chris (December 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/batman-the-video-game-nes/">"Batman: The Video Game (NES)"</a>. Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved March 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hardcore+Gaming+101&rft.atitle=Batman%3A+The+Video+Game+%28NES%29&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft.aulast=Rasa&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardcoregaming101.net%2Fbatman-the-video-game-nes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevi_Buchanan2008" class="citation web cs1">Levi Buchanan (July 23, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/07/23/batman-retro-review">"Batman Retro Review The game"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. Retrieved March 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman+Retro+Review+The+game&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2008-07-23&rft.au=Levi+Buchanan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F07%2F23%2Fbatman-retro-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz,_MichaelDykman,_Joan" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Michael; Dykman, Joan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141210200100/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=9600">"Overview - Batman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Allgame" class="mw-redirect" title="Allgame">allgame</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=9600">the original</a> on December 10, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+-+Batman&rft.pub=allgame&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Michael&rft.au=Dykman%2C+Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allgame.com%2Fgame.php%3Fid%3D9600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYarwood2023" class="citation web cs1">Yarwood, Jack (March 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeextension.com/news/2023/03/ex-konami-artist-says-developer-wanted-to-make-a-batman-game-for-arcades">"Ex-Konami Artist Says Developer Wanted To Make A Batman Game For Arcades"</a>. Time Extension. Hookshot Media. Retrieved March 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Extension&rft.atitle=Ex-Konami+Artist+Says+Developer+Wanted+To+Make+A+Batman+Game+For+Arcades&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Yarwood&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeextension.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F03%2Fex-konami-artist-says-developer-wanted-to-make-a-batman-game-for-arcades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitbrook2021" class="citation web cs1">Whitbrook, James (February 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/behold-the-batman-89-comic-that-dc-rejected-because-the-1763852670/">"Behold the Batman '89 Comic That DC Rejected Because They Hate Joy"</a>. Gizmodo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216230618/https://io9.gizmodo.com/behold-the-batman-89-comic-that-dc-rejected-because-the-1763852670">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Behold+the+Batman+%2789+Comic+That+DC+Rejected+Because+They+Hate+Joy&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft.aulast=Whitbrook&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fbehold-the-batman-89-comic-that-dc-rejected-because-the-1763852670%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArvedon2021" class="citation web cs1">Arvedon, Jon (February 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/dc-batman-89-superman-78-digital-first/">"DC Announces Batman '89 and Superman '78 Digital First Series"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217000750/https://www.cbr.com/dc-batman-89-superman-78-digital-first/">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=DC+Announces+Batman+%2789+and+Superman+%2778+Digital+First+Series&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft.aulast=Arvedon&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fdc-batman-89-superman-78-digital-first%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Aguilar2023" class="citation web cs1">Matthew Aguilar (August 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/comics/news/dc-reveals-sequels-to-batman-89-and-superman-78-exclusive/">"DC Reveals Sequels to Batman '89 and Superman '78 (Exclusive)"</a>. Comicbook.com. Retrieved April 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comicbook.com&rft.atitle=DC+Reveals+Sequels+to+Batman+%2789+and+Superman+%2778+%28Exclusive%29&rft.date=2023-08-17&rft.au=Matthew+Aguilar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fcomics%2Fnews%2Fdc-reveals-sequels-to-batman-89-and-superman-78-exclusive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchedeen2023" class="citation web cs1">Schedeen, Jesse (August 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/batman-89-echoes-scarecrow-harley-quinn-superman-78">"Batman '89: Echoes Adds Scarecrow and Harley Quinn to the Burtonverse"</a>. IGN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Batman+%2789%3A+Echoes+Adds+Scarecrow+and+Harley+Quinn+to+the+Burtonverse&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft.aulast=Schedeen&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Fbatman-89-echoes-scarecrow-harley-quinn-superman-78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Aguilar2024" class="citation web cs1">Matthew Aguilar (April 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/batman-resurrections-novel-1989-john-jackson-miller-1851403150">"Batman 1989 Continues, in a Brand New Novel"</a>. Gizmodo. Retrieved April 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Batman+1989+Continues%2C+in+a+Brand+New+Novel&rft.date=2024-04-11&rft.au=Matthew+Aguilar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fbatman-resurrections-novel-1989-john-jackson-miller-1851403150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/750157/batman-resurrection-by-john-jackson-miller/">"Batman: Resurrection by John Jackson Miller"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240411173800/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/750157/batman-resurrection-by-john-jackson-miller/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman%3A+Resurrection+by+John+Jackson+Miller&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fbooks%2F750157%2Fbatman-resurrection-by-john-jackson-miller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/movies/news/batman-resurrection-prose-novel-tim-burton-film-sequel-excerpt/">"Batman: Resurrection Continues the Dark Knight's Tale From the Tim Burton Film (Exclusive)"</a>. comicbook.com. October 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comicbook.com&rft.atitle=Batman%3A+Resurrection+Continues+the+Dark+Knight%27s+Tale+From+the+Tim+Burton+Film+%28Exclusive%29&rft.date=2024-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fmovies%2Fnews%2Fbatman-resurrection-prose-novel-tim-burton-film-sequel-excerpt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slashfilm.com/1688100/batman-resurrection-book-batman-1989-batman-returns-gap/">"New Batman: Resurrection Book Fills In The Gap Between Batman 1989 And Batman Returns"</a>. slashfilm.com. October 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slashfilm.com&rft.atitle=New+Batman%3A+Resurrection+Book+Fills+In+The+Gap+Between+Batman+1989+And+Batman+Returns&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashfilm.com%2F1688100%2Fbatman-resurrection-book-batman-1989-batman-returns-gap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"'Batman' a Potent Weapon in Sell-through Crusade". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. November 15, 1989. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Batman%27+a+Potent+Weapon+in+Sell-through+Crusade&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1989-11-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"'Batman' Vids Fly Off Shelves; Stores Face Limited Supploy". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. November 22, 1989. p. 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Batman%27+Vids+Fly+Off+Shelves%3B+Stores+Face+Limited+Supploy&rft.pages=81&rft.date=1989-11-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Batman-4K-Blu-ray/230456/">Batman 4K Blu-ray</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409031757/https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Batman-4K-Blu-ray/230456/">archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman+4K+Blu-ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blu-ray.com%2Fmovies%2FBatman-4K-Blu-ray%2F230456%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalfyard2004" class="citation book cs1">Halfyard, Janet K. (October 28, 2004). Danny Elfman's Batman: A Film Score Guide (Paperback). A careful study of Elfman's scoring technique with a detailed analysis of the film itself. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-5126-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-5126-1"><bdi>0-8108-5126-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danny+Elfman%27s+Batman%3A+A+Film+Score+Guide&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004-10-28&rft.isbn=0-8108-5126-1&rft.aulast=Halfyard&rft.aufirst=Janet+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Shaw_Gardner1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Shaw_Gardner" title="Craig Shaw Gardner">Craig Shaw Gardner</a> (June 1, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/batman00gard">Batman</a> (Mass Market Paperback). <a href="/wiki/Novelization" title="Novelization">Novelization</a> of the film. <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette Book Group USA">Hachette Book Group USA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-35487-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-35487-2"><bdi>0-446-35487-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman&rft.pub=Hachette+Book+Group+USA&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft.isbn=0-446-35487-2&rft.au=Craig+Shaw+Gardner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbatman00gard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatman+%281989+film%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/27px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/41px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/54px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" class="extiw" title="q:Batman (1989 film)">Batman (1989 film)</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096895/">Batman</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116852#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68178/enwp">Batman</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116852#P2631" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/batman/">Official website</a> Batman (1989) Official website at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dccomics.com/movies/batman-1989">Official website</a> Batman (1989) Official website at <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="President&#039;s_Memorial_Award61" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_President%27s_Memorial_Award" title="Template:The President's Memorial Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_President%27s_Memorial_Award" title="Template talk:The President's Memorial Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_President%27s_Memorial_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The President's Memorial Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="President&#039;s_Memorial_Award61" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_President%27s_Memorial_Award" title="The President's Memorial Award">President's Memorial Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_Bandits" title="Time Bandits">Time Bandits</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Arnold_(director)" title="Jack Arnold (director)">Jack Arnold</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Rose_of_Cairo" title="The Purple Rose of Cairo">The Purple Rose of Cairo</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stefano" title="Joseph Stefano">Joseph Stefano</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manhattan_Project_(film)" title="The Manhattan Project (film)">The Manhattan Project</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Jittlov" title="Mike Jittlov">Mike Jittlov</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Speed_and_Time" title="The Wizard of Speed and Time">The Wizard of Speed and Time</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaye" title="Robert Shaye">Robert Shaye</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_Anne_Hurd" title="Gale Anne Hurd">Gale Anne Hurd</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Singer" title="Bryan Singer">Bryan Singer</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_Monsters_(film)" title="Gods and Monsters (film)">Gods and Monsters</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Shepard_(film_preservationist)" title="David Shepard (film preservationist)">David Shepard</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Donner" title="Richard Donner">Richard Donner</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_Anne_Hurd" title="Gale Anne Hurd">Gale Anne Hurd</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_E._de_Souza" title="Steven E. de Souza">Steven E. de Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Lanchester" title="Elsa Lanchester">Elsa Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Batman_(1989–97)270" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Batman_(1989_film_series)" title="Template:Batman (1989 film series)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Batman_(1989_film_series)" title="Template talk:Batman (1989 film series)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Batman_(1989_film_series)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Batman (1989 film series)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Batman_(1989–97)270" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film#Tim_Burton_and_Joel_Schumacher_series_(1989–1997)" title="Batman in film">Batman</a> (1989–97)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="DC_Extended_Universe20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC Extended Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(film)" title="The Flash (film)">The Flash</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_(film)" title="Batgirl (film)">Batgirl</a> (unreleased)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_OnStar_commercials" title="Batman OnStar commercials">Batman OnStar commercials</a> (2000–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%2789_(comic_book)" title="Batman '89 (comic book)">Batman '89</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Resurrection" title="Batman: Resurrection">Batman: Resurrection</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(1989_film_series_character)" title="Bruce Wayne (1989 film series character)">Bruce Wayne / Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Jack Napier / Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(Batman_Returns)" title="Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)">Selina Kyle / Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Allen_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Barry Allen (DC Extended Universe)">Barry Allen / Flash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_(score)" title="Batman (score)">Batman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(score)" title="Batman (score)">Batman: Original Motion Picture Score</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(album)" title="Batman (album)">Batman</a> (1989) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Batdance" title="Batdance">Batdance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Partyman" title="Partyman">Partyman</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Arms_of_Orion" title="The Arms of Orion">The Arms of Orion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scandalous!" title="Scandalous!">Scandalous!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Future_(song)" title="The Future (song)">The Future</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Returns (soundtrack)">Batman Returns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Returns (soundtrack)">Batman Returns: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a> (1992) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Face_to_Face_(Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees_song)" title="Face to Face (Siouxsie and the Banshees song)">Face to Face</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(score)" title="Batman Forever (score)">Batman Forever</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(score)" title="Batman Forever (score)">Batman Forever: Original Motion Picture Score Album</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Forever (soundtrack)">Batman Forever: Music from the Motion Picture</a> (1995) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_Me,_Thrill_Me,_Kiss_Me,_Kill_Me" title="Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me">Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose" title="Kiss from a Rose">Kiss from a Rose</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_Gets_Captured_by_the_Game" title="The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game">The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nobody_Lives_Without_Love" title="Nobody Lives Without Love">Nobody Lives Without Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Smash_It_Up" title="Smash It Up">Smash It Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Riddler_(song)" title="The Riddler (song)">The Riddler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Passenger_(song)" title="The Passenger (song)">The Passenger</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(soundtrack)" title="Batman & Robin (soundtrack)">Batman & Robin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(soundtrack)" title="Batman & Robin (soundtrack)">Batman & Robin: Music from and Inspired by the "Batman & Robin" Motion Picture</a> (1997) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_End_Is_the_Beginning_Is_the_End" title="The End Is the Beginning Is the End">The End Is the Beginning Is the End</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Look_into_My_Eyes_(Bone_Thugs-n-Harmony_song)" title="Look into My Eyes (Bone Thugs-n-Harmony song)">Look into My Eyes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_(song)" title="Gotham City (song)">Gotham City</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Foolish_Games" title="Foolish Games">Foolish Games</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lazy_Eye_(Goo_Goo_Dolls_song)" title="Lazy Eye (Goo Goo Dolls song)">Lazy Eye</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(song)" title="Poison Ivy (song)">Poison Ivy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moaner_(song)" title="Moaner (song)">Moaner</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_video_game)" title="Batman (1989 video game)">Batman: The Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Video_Game" title="Batman: The Video Game">Batman: The Video Game</a> (1989–90) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Video_Game_(Game_Boy_video_game)" title="Batman: The Video Game (Game Boy video game)">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Sega_Genesis_video_game)" title="Batman (Sega Genesis video game)">Sega Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(PC_Engine_video_game)" title="Batman (PC Engine video game)">PC Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1991_arcade_game)" title="Batman (1991 arcade game)">arcade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(video_games)" title="Batman Returns (video games)">Batman Returns</a> (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(Atari_Lynx_video_game)" title="Batman Returns (Atari Lynx video game)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(NES_video_game)" title="Batman Returns (NES video game)">NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(SNES_video_game)" title="Batman Returns (SNES video game)">SNES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(video_game)" title="Batman Forever (video game)">Batman Forever</a> (1995) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever:_The_Arcade_Game" title="Batman Forever: The Arcade Game">arcade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(video_game)" title="Batman & Robin (video game)">Batman & Robin</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin:_The_Chiller" title="Batman & Robin: The Chiller">Batman & Robin: The Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(pinball)" title="Batman Forever (pinball)">Batman Forever Pinball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batmania" title="Batmania">Batmania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Batman_(1989_film_series)" title="Category:Batman (1989 film series)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Batman_franchise_media288" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Batman_in_popular_media" title="Template:Batman in popular media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Batman_in_popular_media" title="Template talk:Batman in popular media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Batman_in_popular_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Batman in popular media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Batman_franchise_media288" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> <a href="/wiki/Batman_(franchise)" title="Batman (franchise)">franchise media</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live-action television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_(TV_series)_episodes" title="List of Batman (TV series) episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_OnStar_commercials" title="Batman OnStar commercials">Batman OnStar commercials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(TV_series)" title="Birds of Prey (TV series)">Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_the_Batcave:_The_Misadventures_of_Adam_and_Burt" title="Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt">Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_(TV_series)" title="Gotham (TV series)">Gotham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gotham_episodes" title="List of Gotham episodes">episodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_season_1" title="Gotham season 1">season 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_season_2" title="Gotham season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_season_3" title="Gotham season 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_season_4" title="Gotham season 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_season_5" title="Gotham season 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gotham_(TV_series)_characters" title="List of Gotham (TV series) characters">characters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennyworth_(TV_series)" title="Pennyworth (TV series)">Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwoman_(TV_series)" title="Batwoman (TV series)">Batwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Knights_(TV_series)" title="Gotham Knights (TV series)">Gotham Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Penguin_(TV_series)" title="The Penguin (TV series)">The Penguin</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/After_Hours_(The_Penguin)" title="After Hours (The Penguin)">After Hours</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Inside_Man_(The_Penguin)" title="Inside Man (The Penguin)">Inside Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bliss_(The_Penguin)" title="Bliss (The Penguin)">Bliss</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cent%27Anni" title="Cent'Anni">Cent'Anni</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Homecoming_(The_Penguin)" title="Homecoming (The Penguin)">Homecoming</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gold_Summit" title="Gold Summit">Gold Summit</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Top_Hat_(The_Penguin)" title="Top Hat (The Penguin)">Top Hat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Great_or_Little_Thing" title="A Great or Little Thing">A Great or Little Thing</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film" title="Batman in film">Live-action films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Serials7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(serial)" title="Batman (serial)">Batman (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_(serial)" title="Batman and Robin (serial)">Batman and Robin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1966_film)" title="Batman (1966 film)">Batman (1966)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989–1997 film series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Dark Knight Trilogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins" title="Batman Begins">Batman Begins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Rises" title="The Dark Knight Rises">The Dark Knight Rises</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC Extended Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice" title="Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice">Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_(film)" title="Batgirl (film)">Batgirl</a> (unreleased)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(film)" title="The Batman (film)">The Batman</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman/Superman_Hour" title="The Batman/Superman Hour">The Batman/Superman Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Batman" title="The Adventures of Batman">The Adventures of Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Batman" title="The New Adventures of Batman">The New Adventures of Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman/Tarzan_Adventure_Hour" title="The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour">The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">The Animated Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman:_The_Animated_Series_episodes" title="List of Batman: The Animated Series episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Batman_Adventures" title="The New Batman Adventures">The New Batman Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond" title="Batman Beyond">Batman Beyond</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_Beyond_episodes" title="List of Batman Beyond episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(TV_series)" title="The Batman (TV series)">The Batman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Batman_episodes" title="List of The Batman episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Brave_and_the_Bold" title="Batman: The Brave and the Bold">The Brave and the Bold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman:_The_Brave_and_the_Bold_episodes" title="List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beware_the_Batman" title="Beware the Batman">Beware the Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwheels" title="Batwheels">Batwheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Caped_Crusader" title="Batman: Caped Crusader">Caped Crusader</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Mask_of_the_Phantasm" title="Batman: Mask of the Phantasm">Mask of the Phantasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Mr._Freeze:_SubZero" title="Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero">SubZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond:_Return_of_the_Joker" title="Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker">Return of the Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Mystery_of_the_Batwoman" title="Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman">Mystery of the Batwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_vs._Dracula" title="The Batman vs. Dracula">The Batman vs. Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Gotham_Knight" title="Batman: Gotham Knight">Gotham Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman/Batman:_Public_Enemies" title="Superman/Batman: Public Enemies">Public Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Under_the_Red_Hood" title="Batman: Under the Red Hood">Under the Red Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman/Batman:_Apocalypse" title="Superman/Batman: Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Year_One_(film)" title="Batman: Year One (film)">Year One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Dark_Knight_Returns_(film)" title="Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (film)">The Dark Knight Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Batman:_The_Movie_%E2%80%93_DC_Super_Heroes_Unite" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego Batman: The Movie – DC Super Heroes Unite">DC Super Heroes Unite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Batman" title="Son of Batman">Son of Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Assault_on_Arkham" title="Batman: Assault on Arkham">Assault on Arkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Unlimited:_Animal_Instincts" title="Batman Unlimited: Animal Instincts">Animal Instincts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_vs._Robin" title="Batman vs. Robin">Batman vs. Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Unlimited:_Monster_Mayhem" title="Batman Unlimited: Monster Mayhem">Monster Mayhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Bad_Blood" title="Batman: Bad Blood">Bad Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke_(film)" title="Batman: The Killing Joke (film)">The Killing Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Unlimited:_Mechs_vs._Mutants" title="Batman Unlimited: Mechs vs. Mutants">Mechs vs. Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Return_of_the_Caped_Crusaders" title="Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders">Return of the Caped Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Batman_Movie" title="The Lego Batman Movie">The Lego Batman Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Harley_Quinn" title="Batman and Harley Quinn">Batman and Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_vs._Two-Face" title="Batman vs. Two-Face">Batman vs. Two-Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo!_%26_Batman:_The_Brave_and_the_Bold" title="Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold">Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Gotham_by_Gaslight" title="Batman: Gotham by Gaslight">Gotham by Gaslight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Ninja" title="Batman Ninja">Batman Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_vs._Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles" title="Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles">Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Hush_(film)" title="Batman: Hush (film)">Hush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_DC_Batman:_Family_Matters" title="Lego DC Batman: Family Matters">Family Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Soul_of_the_Dragon" title="Batman: Soul of the Dragon">Soul of the Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Long_Halloween_(film)" title="Batman: The Long Halloween (film)">The Long Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Superman:_Battle_of_the_Super_Sons" title="Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons">Battle of the Super Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Doom_That_Came_to_Gotham_(film)" title="Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham (film)">The Doom That Came to Gotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Little_Batman" title="Merry Little Batman">Merry Little Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Batman:_Clash_of_Empires" title="Aztec Batman: Clash of Empires">Aztec Batman: Clash of Empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Ninja_vs._Yakuza_League" title="Batman Ninja vs. Yakuza League">Batman Ninja vs. Yakuza League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated shorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Me" title="Chase Me">Chase Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Strange_Days" title="Batman: Strange Days">Strange Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Death_in_the_Family" title="Batman: Death in the Family">Death in the Family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Ultimate_Evil" title="Batman: The Ultimate Evil">The Ultimate Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemies_%26_Allies" title="Enemies & Allies">Enemies & Allies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_of_Gotham" title="Wayne of Gotham">Wayne of Gotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Resurrection" title="Batman: Resurrection">Batman: Resurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Podcasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Audio_Adventures" title="Batman: The Audio Adventures">Batman: The Audio Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Unburied" title="Batman Unburied">Batman Unburied</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_enemies_in_other_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Batman enemies in other media">Enemies in other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bane_in_other_media" title="Bane in other media">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_in_other_media" title="Joker in other media">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Freeze_in_other_media" title="Mr. Freeze in other media">Mr. Freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_in_other_media" title="Penguin in other media">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler_in_other_media" title="Riddler in other media">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_in_other_media" title="Scarecrow in other media">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face_in_other_media" title="Two-Face in other media">Two-Face</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters in other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon_in_other_media" title="Barbara Gordon in other media">Barbara Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_in_other_media" title="Catwoman in other media">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_in_other_media" title="Robin in other media">Robin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Bill" title="Batman & Bill">Batman & Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(TV_series)" title="Bruce Wayne (TV series)">Bruce Wayne (unproduced series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batkid_Begins" title="Batkid Begins">Batkid Begins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_action_figures" title="Batman action figures">Batman action figures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Batman" title="Lego Batman">Lego Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Total_Justice" title="Batman Total Justice">Batman Total Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Unlimited" title="Batman Unlimited">Batman Unlimited</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_phone" title="Bat phone">Bat phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Manga!:_The_Secret_History_of_Batman_in_Japan" title="Bat-Manga!: The Secret History of Batman in Japan">Bat-Manga!: The Secret History of Batman in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_films_cast_members" title="List of Batman films cast members">List of Batman films cast members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_television_series_cast_members" title="List of Batman television series cast members">List of Batman television series cast members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Batman video games">List of Batman video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_children%27s_books" title="List of Batman children's books">List of Batman children's books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_music" title="Batman music">Batman music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Live" title="Batman Live">Batman Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Musical_B@man!" title="Holy Musical B@man!">Holy Musical B@man!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%2789_(comic_book)" title="Batman '89 (comic book)">Batman '89 (comic book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Riddler:_Year_One" title="The Riddler: Year One">The Riddler: Year One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Batman_in_film197" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Batman_in_film" title="Template:Batman in film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Batman_in_film" title="Template talk:Batman in film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Batman_in_film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Batman in film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Batman_in_film197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film" title="Batman in film">Batman in film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(serial)" title="Batman (serial)">Batman (1943 serial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_(serial)" title="Batman and Robin (serial)">Batman and Robin (1949 serial)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adam West films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1966_film)" title="Batman (1966 film)">Batman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Return_of_the_Caped_Crusaders" title="Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders">Return of the Caped Crusaders</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_vs._Two-Face" title="Batman vs. Two-Face">Batman vs. Two-Face</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989–1997 series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman</a> (1989) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(score)" title="Batman (score)">score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(album)" title="Batman (album)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_video_game)" title="Batman (1989 video game)">home computer game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Video_Game" title="Batman: The Video Game">NES game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Video_Game_(Game_Boy_video_game)" title="Batman: The Video Game (Game Boy video game)">Game Boy game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Sega_Genesis_video_game)" title="Batman (Sega Genesis video game)">Sega Genesis game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(PC_Engine_video_game)" title="Batman (PC Engine video game)">PC Engine game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1991_arcade_game)" title="Batman (1991 arcade game)">arcade game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Returns (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman Returns (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a> (1995) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(score)" title="Batman Forever (score)">score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Forever (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(video_game)" title="Batman Forever (video game)">video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever:_The_Arcade_Game" title="Batman Forever: The Arcade Game">arcade game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever_(pinball)" title="Batman Forever (pinball)">pinball game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a> (1997) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(soundtrack)" title="Batman & Robin (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(video_game)" title="Batman & Robin (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(1989_film_series_character)" title="Bruce Wayne (1989 film series character)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(Batman_Returns)" title="Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)">Catwoman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Dark Knight trilogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins" title="Batman Begins">Batman Begins</a> (2005) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Begins (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins_(video_game)" title="Batman Begins (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (2008) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_(soundtrack)" title="The Dark Knight (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Dark_Knight_(video_game)" title="Batman: The Dark Knight (video game)">canceled video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Rises" title="The Dark Knight Rises">The Dark Knight Rises</a> (2012) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Rises_(soundtrack)" title="The Dark Knight Rises (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(Dark_Knight_trilogy)" title="Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(The_Dark_Knight)" title="Joker (The Dark Knight)">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Dawes" title="Rachel Dawes">Rachel Dawes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC Extended Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice" title="Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice">Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice</a> (2016) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice_(soundtrack)" title="Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(2016_film)" title="Suicide Squad (2016 film)">Suicide Squad</a> (2016) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(soundtrack)" title="Suicide Squad (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(film)" title="Justice League (film)">Justice League</a> (2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(soundtrack)" title="Justice League (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League">Zack Snyder's Justice League</a> (2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League_(soundtrack)" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(film)" title="The Flash (film)">The Flash</a> (2023) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(soundtrack)" title="The Flash (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_(film)" title="Batgirl (film)">Batgirl</a> (unreleased)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Bruce Wayne (DC Extended Universe)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Harley Quinn (DC Extended Universe)">Harley Quinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Batman series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(film)" title="The Batman (film)">The Batman</a> (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Batman_(film)" title="List of accolades received by The Batman (film)">accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(soundtrack)" title="The Batman (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatrical animated films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Mask_of_the_Phantasm" title="Batman: Mask of the Phantasm">Mask of the Phantasm</a> (1993) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Mask_of_the_Phantasm_(soundtrack)" title="Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke_(film)" title="Batman: The Killing Joke (film)">The Killing Joke</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Batman_Movie" title="The Lego Batman Movie">The Lego Batman Movie</a> (2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Batman_Movie_(soundtrack)" title="The Lego Batman Movie (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-off films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(film)" title="Catwoman (film)">Catwoman</a> (2004) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(video_game)" title="Catwoman (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> (2019) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Joker_(2019_film)" title="List of accolades received by Joker (2019 film)">accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(soundtrack)" title="Joker (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(2020_film)" title="Birds of Prey (2020 film)">Birds of Prey</a> (2020) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(soundtrack)" title="Birds of Prey (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux" title="Joker: Folie à Deux">Joker: Folie à Deux</a> (2024) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux_(score)" title="Joker: Folie à Deux (score)">score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux_(soundtrack)" title="Joker: Folie à Deux (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial and fan films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Dracula" title="Batman Dracula">Batman Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyas_Batman_at_Robin" title="Alyas Batman at Robin">Alyas Batman at Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Batman" title="James Batman">James Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Fights_Dracula" title="Batman Fights Dracula">Batman Fights Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_Batman_Fight!" title="Fight Batman Fight!">Fight Batman Fight!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyas_Batman_en_Robin" title="Alyas Batman en Robin">Alyas Batman en Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_XXX" title="Batman XXX">Batman XXX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Dead_End" title="Batman: Dead End">Dead End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_(film)" title="Grayson (film)">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Finest_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Finest (film)">World's Finest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Scars" title="City of Scars">City of Scars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Dying_Is_Easy" title="Batman: Dying Is Easy">Dying Is Easy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond:_Year_One" title="Batman Beyond: Year One">Batman Beyond: Year One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(franchise)" title="Batman (franchise)">Batman franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_films_cast_members" title="List of Batman films cast members">List of Batman films cast members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_OnStar_commercials" title="Batman OnStar commercials">Batman OnStar commercials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Live-action_films_based_on_DC_Comics148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Live-action_theatrical_films_based_on_DC_Comics" title="Template:Live-action theatrical films based on DC Comics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Live-action_theatrical_films_based_on_DC_Comics" title="Template talk:Live-action theatrical films based on DC Comics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Live-action_theatrical_films_based_on_DC_Comics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Live-action theatrical films based on DC Comics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Live-action_films_based_on_DC_Comics148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_based_on_DC_Comics_publications#Feature_films" title="List of films based on DC Comics publications">Live-action films based on DC Comics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Captain_Marvel" title="Adventures of Captain Marvel">Adventures of Captain Marvel</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_Smasher_(serial)" title="Spy Smasher (serial)">Spy Smasher</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(serial)" title="Batman (serial)">Batman</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hop_Harrigan_(serial)" title="Hop Harrigan (serial)">Hop Harrigan</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vigilante" title="The Vigilante">The Vigilante</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(serial)" title="Superman (serial)">Superman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Bill_(serial)" title="Congo Bill (serial)">Congo Bill</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_(serial)" title="Batman and Robin (serial)">Batman and Robin</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_Man_vs._Superman" title="Atom Man vs. Superman">Atom Man vs. Superman</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhawk_(serial)" title="Blackhawk (serial)">Blackhawk</a> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(1997_film)" title="Steel (1997 film)">Steel</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(film)" title="Catwoman (film)">Catwoman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(film)" title="Constantine (film)">Constantine</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmen_(2009_film)" title="Watchmen (2009 film)">Watchmen</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Hex_(film)" title="Jonah Hex (film)">Jonah Hex</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern_(film)" title="Green Lantern (film)">Green Lantern</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice" title="Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice">Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(film)" title="Justice League (film)">Justice League</a> (2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_Justice_League_(film)" title="Production of Justice League (film)">production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League">Zack Snyder's Justice League</a> (2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(2020_film)" title="Birds of Prey (2020 film)">Birds of Prey</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_(film)" title="Batgirl (film)">Batgirl</a> (produced 2021–2022; unreleased)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Adam_(film)" title="Black Adam (film)">Black Adam</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(film)" title="The Flash (film)">The Flash</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beetle_(film)" title="Blue Beetle (film)">Blue Beetle</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaman_in_other_media#Film" title="Aquaman in other media">Aquaman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman_(film)" title="Aquaman (film)">Aquaman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman_and_the_Lost_Kingdom" title="Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom">The Lost Kingdom</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film" title="Batman in film">Batman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1966_film)" title="Batman (1966 film)">Batman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins" title="Batman Begins">Batman Begins</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Rises" title="The Dark Knight Rises">The Dark Knight Rises</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(film)" title="The Batman (film)">The Batman</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joker_in_other_media#Film" title="Joker in other media">Joker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux" title="Joker: Folie à Deux">Folie à Deux</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)#Feature_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Shazam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shazam!_(film)" title="Shazam! (film)">Shazam!</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam!_Fury_of_the_Gods" title="Shazam! Fury of the Gods">Fury of the Gods</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad#Film" title="Suicide Squad">Suicide Squad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(2016_film)" title="Suicide Squad (2016 film)">Suicide Squad</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Suicide_Squad_(film)" title="The Suicide Squad (film)">The Suicide Squad</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supergirl" title="Supergirl">Supergirl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supergirl_(1984_film)" title="Supergirl (1984 film)">Supergirl</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergirl:_Woman_of_Tomorrow" title="Supergirl: Woman of Tomorrow">Woman of Tomorrow</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Superman_in_film" title="Superman in film">Superman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superman_and_the_Mole_Men" title="Superman and the Mole Men">Superman and the Mole Men</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Day_for_Superman" title="Stamp Day for Superman">Stamp Day for Superman</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_II" title="Superman II">Superman II</a> (1980) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superman_II:_The_Richard_Donner_Cut" title="Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut">The Richard Donner Cut</a> (2006)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_III" title="Superman III">Superman III</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_IV:_The_Quest_for_Peace" title="Superman IV: The Quest for Peace">The Quest for Peace</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_Returns" title="Superman Returns">Superman Returns</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_Steel_(film)" title="Man of Steel (film)">Man of Steel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(2025_film)" title="Superman (2025 film)">Superman</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing#Film" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing_(1982_film)" title="Swamp Thing (1982 film)">Swamp Thing</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Swamp_Thing" title="The Return of Swamp Thing">The Return of Swamp Thing</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_in_other_media#Film" title="Wonder Woman in other media">Wonder Woman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(2017_film)" title="Wonder Woman (2017 film)">Wonder Woman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_1984" title="Wonder Woman 1984">Wonder Woman 1984</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC Imprints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Perdition" title="Road to Perdition">Road to Perdition</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen_(film)" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)">The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Violence" title="A History of Violence">A History of Violence</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_for_Vendetta_(film)" title="V for Vendetta (film)">V for Vendetta</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(2007_film)" title="Stardust (2007 film)">Stardust</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_(2008_film)" title="The Spirit (2008 film)">The Spirit</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Losers_(2010_film)" title="The Losers (2010 film)">The Losers</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kitchen_(2019_film)" title="The Kitchen (2019 film)">The Kitchen</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_(film_series)" title="Red (film series)">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_(2010_film)" title="Red (2010 film)">Red</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_2_(film)" title="Red 2 (film)">Red 2</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC_Studios" title="DC Studios">DC Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_(franchise)" title="DC Universe (franchise)">DC Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproduced_DC_Comics_projects" title="List of unproduced DC Comics projects">List of unproduced DC Comics projects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproduced_films_based_on_DC_Comics_imprints" title="List of unproduced films based on DC Comics imprints">DC Imprints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tim_Burton357" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tim_Burton" title="Template:Tim Burton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tim_Burton" title="Template talk:Tim Burton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tim_Burton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tim Burton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tim_Burton357" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton_filmography" title="Tim Burton filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_frequent_Tim_Burton_collaborators" title="List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators">Frequent collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Tim Burton's unrealized projects">Unproduced projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton_Productions" title="Tim Burton Productions">Tim Burton Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skellington_Productions" title="Skellington Productions">Skellington Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tim_Burton" title="List of awards and nominations received by Tim Burton">Awards and nominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Big_Adventure" title="Pee-wee's Big Adventure">Pee-wee's Big Adventure</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a> (1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Scissorhands" title="Edward Scissorhands">Edward Scissorhands</a> (1990, also wrote)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood_(film)" title="Ed Wood (film)">Ed Wood</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Attacks!" title="Mars Attacks!">Mars Attacks!</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(film)" title="Sleepy Hollow (film)">Sleepy Hollow</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes_(2001_film)" title="Planet of the Apes (2001 film)">Planet of the Apes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Fish" title="Big Fish">Big Fish</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)" title="Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpse_Bride" title="Corpse Bride">Corpse Bride</a> (2005, also created characters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Shadows_(film)" title="Dark Shadows (film)">Dark Shadows</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)" title="Frankenweenie (2012 film)">Frankenweenie</a> (2012, also wrote)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Eyes" title="Big Eyes">Big Eyes</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Peregrine%27s_Home_for_Peculiar_Children_(film)" title="Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (film)">Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbo_(2019_film)" title="Dumbo (2019 film)">Dumbo</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice_Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice Beetlejuice</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Island_of_Doctor_Agor" title="The Island of Doctor Agor">The Island of Doctor Agor</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalk_of_the_Celery_Monster" title="Stalk of the Celery Monster">Stalk of the Celery Monster</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_(1982_film)" title="Vincent (1982 film)">Vincent</a> (1982, also wrote)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel_(1983_TV_special)" title="Hansel and Gretel (1983 TV special)">Hansel and Gretel</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenweenie_(1984_film)" title="Frankenweenie (1984 film)">Frankenweenie</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainboy" title="Stainboy">Stainboy</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wednesday_(TV_series)" title="Wednesday (TV series)">Wednesday</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bones_(The_Killers_song)" title="Bones (The Killers song)">Bones</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_with_Me_(The_Killers_song)" title="Here with Me (The Killers song)">Here with Me</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Nightmare_Before_Christmas" title="The Nightmare Before Christmas">The Nightmare Before Christmas</a> (1993, also produced)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Melancholy_Death_of_Oyster_Boy_%26_Other_Stories" title="The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories">The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice_(TV_series)" title="Beetlejuice (TV series)">Beetlejuice</a> (1989–91)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template talk:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_by_year" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States by year">Yearly highest-grossing films in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Films listed as number-one by in-year release</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s–1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1977_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1977 box office number-one films in the United States">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1978_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1978 box office number-one films in the United States">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1979_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1979 box office number-one films in the United States">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1980_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1980 box office number-one films in the United States">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1981_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1981 box office number-one films in the United States">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1982_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1982 box office number-one films in the United States">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1983_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1983 box office number-one films in the United States">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop" title="Beverly Hills Cop">Beverly Hills Cop</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1984_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1984 box office number-one films in the United States">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1985_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1985 box office number-one films in the United States">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1986_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1986 box office number-one films in the United States">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Men_and_a_Baby" title="Three Men and a Baby">Three Men and a Baby</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1987_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1987 box office number-one films in the United States">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1988_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1988 box office number-one films in the United States">1988</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1989_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1989 box office number-one films in the United States">1989</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s−2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Alone" title="Home Alone">Home Alone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1990_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1990 box office number-one films in the United States">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1991_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1991 box office number-one films in the United States">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1992_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1992 box office number-one films in the United States">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1993_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1993 box office number-one films in the United States">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1994_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1994 box office number-one films in the United States">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1995_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1995 box office number-one films in the United States">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1996_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1996 box office number-one films in the United States">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1997_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1997 box office number-one films in the United States">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1998_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1998 box office number-one films in the United States">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1999_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1999 box office number-one films in the United States">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_(2000_film)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)">How the Grinch Stole Christmas</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2000_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2000 box office number-one films in the United States">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2001_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2001 box office number-one films in the United States">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">Spider-Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2002_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2002 box office number-one films in the United States">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2003_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2003 box office number-one films in the United States">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrek_2" title="Shrek 2">Shrek 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2004_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2004 box office number-one films in the United States">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2005_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2005 box office number-one films in the United States">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2006_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2006 box office number-one films in the United States">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_3" title="Spider-Man 3">Spider-Man 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2007_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2007 box office number-one films in the United States">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2008_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2009_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2009 box office number-one films in the United States">2009</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s−2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2010_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2010 box office number-one films in the United States">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2011_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2011 box office number-one films in the United States">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2012_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2012 box office number-one films in the United States">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire" title="The Hunger Games: Catching Fire">The Hunger Games: Catching Fire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2013_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2013 box office number-one films in the United States">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sniper" title="American Sniper">American Sniper</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2014_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2014 box office number-one films in the United States">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2015_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2015 box office number-one films in the United States">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2016_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2016 box office number-one films in the United States">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2017_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2017 box office number-one films in the United States">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2018_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2018 box office number-one films in the United States">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Avengers: Endgame</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2019_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2019 box office number-one films in the United States">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Boys_for_Life" title="Bad Boys for Life">Bad Boys for Life</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2020 box office number-one films in the United States">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_No_Way_Home" title="Spider-Man: No Way Home">Spider-Man: No Way Home</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2021 box office number-one films in the United States">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2022_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2022 box office number-one films in the United States">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)">Barbie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2023_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2023 box office number-one films in the United States">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_2" title="Inside Out 2">Inside Out 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2024_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2024 box office number-one films in the United States">2024</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada">List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116852#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116852#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116852#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/183956854">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3145424153786791776">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/292698958">3</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/224738764">4</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4228734-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92021592">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165614818">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165614818">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4209227">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011045473805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515807506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&oldid=1278940715">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&oldid=1278940715</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1989_films" title="Category:1989 films">1989 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1989_action_films" title="Category:1989 action films">1989 action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_American_films" title="Category:1980s American films">1980s American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_British_films" title="Category:1980s British films">1980s British films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_English-language_films" title="Category:1980s English-language films">1980s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_superhero_films" title="Category:1980s superhero films">1980s superhero films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_action_films" title="Category:American action films">American action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_films_about_revenge" title="Category:American films about revenge">American films about revenge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_superhero_films" title="Category:American superhero films">American superhero films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_art_museums_and_galleries" title="Category:Films set in art museums and galleries">Films set in art museums and galleries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Batman_(1989_film_series)" title="Category:Batman (1989 film series)">Batman (1989 film series)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_action_films" title="Category:British action films">British action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_films_about_revenge" title="Category:British films about revenge">British films about revenge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_superhero_films" title="Category:British superhero films">British superhero films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Casting_controversies_in_film" title="Category:Casting controversies in film">Casting controversies in film</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_adapted_into_comics" title="Category:Films adapted into comics">Films adapted into comics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Tim_Burton" title="Category:Films directed by Tim Burton">Films directed by Tim Burton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Jon_Peters" title="Category:Films produced by Jon Peters">Films produced by Jon Peters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Peter_Guber" title="Category:Films produced by Peter Guber">Films produced by Peter Guber</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Danny_Elfman" title="Category:Films scored by Danny Elfman">Films scored by Danny Elfman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_at_Pinewood_Studios" title="Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios">Films shot at Pinewood Studios</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Bedfordshire" title="Category:Films shot in Bedfordshire">Films shot in Bedfordshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Hertfordshire" title="Category:Films shot in Hertfordshire">Films shot in Hertfordshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_London" title="Category:Films shot in London">Films shot in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_art_director_won_the_Best_Art_Direction_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award">Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Sam_Hamm" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Sam Hamm">Films with screenplays by Sam Hamm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Warren_Skaaren" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Warren Skaaren">Films with screenplays by Warren Skaaren</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joker_(character)_in_other_media" title="Category:Joker (character) in other media">Joker (character) in other media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PolyGram_Filmed_Entertainment_films" title="Category:PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films">PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saturn_Award%E2%80%93winning_films" title="Category:Saturn Award–winning films">Saturn Award–winning films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Warner_Bros._films" title="Category:Warner Bros. films">Warner Bros. films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_action_films" title="Category:English-language action films">English-language action films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2025" title="Category:Use American English from January 2025">Use American English from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2015" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2015">Use mdy dates from May 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_3_release_dates" title="Category:Template film date with 3 release dates">Template film date with 3 release dates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_January_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from January 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 March 2025, at 15:33 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batman_(1989_film)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Batman (1989 film)</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 54 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5886496d-qgzps","wgBackendResponseTime":295,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.357","walltime":"1.748","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11335,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":444298,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17613,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":519964,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1414.370 1 -total"," 38.48% 544.251 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.30% 230.486 57 Template:Cite_web"," 10.07% 142.375 19 Template:Navbox"," 8.86% 125.321 39 Template:Cite_news"," 8.58% 121.334 1 Template:Infobox_film"," 7.30% 103.273 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.57% 78.730 1 Template:The_President\u0026#039;s_Memorial_Award"," 5.46% 77.270 27 Template:Main_other"," 5.45% 77.027 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.724","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14272290,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7fd96bd568-lfzrb","timestamp":"20250315044621","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Batman (1989 film)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batman_(1989_film)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q116852","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q116852","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:43:11Z","dateModified":"2025-03-05T15:33:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/5\/5a\/Batman_%281989%29_theatrical_poster.jpg","headline":"1989 film directed by Tim Burton"}</script> </body> </html>