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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Turki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_Arab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_Arab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Negara Arab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_Arab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 26 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="قضاء (تقسيم إداري) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قضاء (تقسيم إداري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каза – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="قەزا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قەزا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Καζάς – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζάς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza_(juridiction)" title="Caza (juridiction) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caza (juridiction)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%94_(%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="קאזה (יחידת מינהל עות'מאנית) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאזה (יחידת מינהל עות'מאנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="क़ज़ा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क़ज़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadiluk" title="Kadiluk – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kadiluk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qa%E1%B8%8D%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Qaḍāʾ – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qaḍāʾ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каза – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza_(jednostka_administracyjna)" title="Kaza (jednostka administracyjna) – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaza (jednostka administracyjna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza" title="Caza – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каза – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaja" title="Kazaja – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kazaja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каза – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza_(idari_birim)" title="Kaza (idari birim) – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaza (idari birim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3)" title="Каза (округ) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каза (округ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85)" title="قضاء (انتظامی تقسیم) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قضاء (انتظامی تقسیم)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kaza" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%8E" title="卡扎 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡扎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q935921#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaza" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Kaza" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaza"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaza"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Kaza" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kaza" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&oldid=26134213" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Kaza&id=26134213&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaza"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaza"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kaza"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kaza&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q935921" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#d9b38c; width: auto;"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_lokasi" title="Infotaula de geografia política"><img alt="Infotaula de geografia política" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/22px-Globe_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/33px-Globe_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/44px-Globe_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></span>Kaza <br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg/330px-Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg/500px-Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg/960px-Kaaza_districts_late_Ottoman_empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="923" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start; width: auto;"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d9b38c; width: auto;">Tempat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start; width: auto;"><table align="center" style="width:auto; background:none; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start; width: auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Negara</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start; width: auto;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935921?uselang=id#P17" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d9b38c; width: auto;">Geografi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Bagian dari</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start; width: auto;"><a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">Sanjak</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935921?uselang=id#P361" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>A kaza</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">قضاء</span>, <span lang="ar-Latn">qaḍāʾ</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pelafalan</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Arab">[qɑˈd̪ˤɑːʔ]</a></span>, plural: <span lang="ar">أقضية</span>, <span lang="ar-Latn">aqḍiyah</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24300501" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pelafalan</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Arab">[ˈɑqd̪ˤijɑ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki_Utsmaniyah" title="Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah">Turki Otoman</a>: <span lang="ota">قضا</span>, <span lang="ota-latn">kaza</span><sup id="cite_ref-Somel151_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somel151-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) adalah sebuah divisi administratif yang secara historis digunakan di <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> dan saat ini digunakan di beberapa negara penerusnya. Istilah ini berasal dari Turki Utsmaniyah dan berarti 'yurisdiksi'; sering diterjemahkan 'distrik',<sup id="cite_ref-Faroqhi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faroqhi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'kecamatan'<sup id="cite_ref-Quataert_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quataert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (namun dapat juga berlaku untuk <span lang="ota-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">nahiye</a></span> <span lang="ota">ناحية</span>), atau 'distrik yuridis'.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah, sebuah kaza pada awalnya adalah "wilayah geografis yang tunduk pada yurisdiksi hukum dan administratif sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadi_(Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadi (Kesultanan Utsmaniyah) (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Kadi</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Somel151_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somel151-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan reformasi <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> pertama tahun 1839, tugas administratif kad dipindahkan ke gubernur (<a href="/wiki/Kaymakam" title="Kaymakam">kaymakam</a>), dengan Kadi bertindak sebagai hakim <a href="/wiki/Syariat_Islam" title="Syariat Islam">hukum Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Somel144_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somel144-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di era Tanzimat, kaza menjadi distrik administratif dengan Undang-Undang Reformasi Provinsi tahun 1864, yang diterapkan selama dekade berikutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaza menyatukan yurisdiksi seorang gubernur (<i>kaymakam</i>) ditunjuk oleh <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Dalam_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Dalam Negeri">Kementerian Dalam Negeri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cetinsaya_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetinsaya-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bendahara (kepala petugas keuangan), dan hakim (<i>kadı</i>) dalam satu unit administrasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogan_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itu adalah bagian dari upaya <a href="/wiki/Gerbang_Agung" title="Gerbang Agung">Porte</a> untuk membentuk keseragaman, rasional administrasi di seluruh kekaisaran.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogan_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaza adalah bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sanjak</a><sup id="cite_ref-Somel151_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somel151-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan secara kasar berhubungan dengan sebuah kota dengan desa-desa sekitarnya. Kazas, pada gilirannya, dibagi menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">nahiyes</a> (diperintah oleh <i>müdürs</i> dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCtesellim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mütesellim (halaman belum tersedia)">mütesellims</a></i>) dan desa (<i>karye</i>, diatur oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhtar_(gelar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhtar (gelar) (halaman belum tersedia)">muhtar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Cetinsaya_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetinsaya-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revisi tahun 1871 terhadap hukum administrasi menetapkan nahiye (masih mengatur <i>müdür</i>), sebagai tingkat perantara antara kaza dan desa.<sup id="cite_ref-Cetinsaya_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetinsaya-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turki">Turki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Turki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Turki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Republik Turki</a> awal terus menggunakan istilah kaza sampai menamainya ilçe pada tahun 1920-an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negara_Arab">Negara Arab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Negara Arab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Negara Arab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaza juga dulunya merupakan divisi administrasi tingkat dua di <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, tetapi sekarang disebut <i>mintaqah</i>. </p><p>Kaza atau <b>qadaa</b> digunakan untuk merujuk pada hal-hal berikut: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_di_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik di Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik Irak</a> (tingkat kedua, di bawah kegubernuran)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_di_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik di Lebanon (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik Lebanon</a> (tingkat kedua, di bawah kegubernuran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Yordania" title="Pembagian administratif Yordania">Sub-distrik Yordania</a> (tingkat ketiga, di bawah gubernur dan kabupaten)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Wajib_Palestina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Wajib Palestina (halaman belum tersedia)">Subdistrik Wajib Palestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distrik_di_Israel" title="Distrik di Israel">Kabupaten Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Beberapa terjemahan dalam bahasa yang digunakan oleh etnis minoritas</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia" title="Bahasa Armenia">bahasa Armenia</a>: <span lang="hy">աւան</span> (<span lang="hy-Latn">awan</span>; artinya 'kabupaten')<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">bahasa Bulgaria</a>: <span lang="bg">околия</span> (<span lang="bg-Latn">okoliya</span>; artinya 'distrik');<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> juga Кааза</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">υποδιοίκησις</span> (<span lang="el-Latn">hypodioikēsis</span>) or <span lang="el">δήμος</span> (<span lang="el-Latn">dēmos</span>, yang berarti 'kabupaten' atau 'kotamadya');<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> juga <span lang="el">καζάς</span> (<span lang="el-Latn">kazás</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ladino" title="Bahasa Ladino">Ladino</a>:kaza<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Somel151-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Somel151_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Somel151_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Somel151_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Selçuk Akşin Somel. "Kazâ". <i>The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire</i>. Volume 152 of A to Z Guides. Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780810875791" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780810875791">9780810875791</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Straussp4144-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4144_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the <i>Kanun-ı Esasi</i> and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". Dalam Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true"><i>The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient-Institut_Istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orient-Institut Istanbul (halaman belum tersedia)">Orient-Institut Istanbul</a>. hlm. 21-51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Constitution+for+a+Multilingual+Empire%3A+Translations+of+the+Kanun-%C4%B1+Esasi+and+Other+Official+Texts+into+Minority+Languages&rft.btitle=The+First+Ottoman+Experiment+in+Democracy&rft.place=W%C3%BCrzburg&rft.pages=21-51&rft.pub=Orient-Institut+Istanbul&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmenadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de%2Fmenalib%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F2734659%3ForiginalFilename%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKaza" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645">info page on book</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Luther_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Luther University (halaman belum tersedia)">Martin Luther University</a>) // CITED: p. 41-44 (PDF p. 43-46/338).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faroqhi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Faroqhi_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suraiya Faroqhi. <i>Approaching Ottoman History: An Introduction to the Sources.</i> Cambridge University Press, 1999. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780521666480" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780521666480">9780521666480</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quataert-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quataert_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Quataert. <i>The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922.</i> 2nd Ed. Volume 34 of New Approaches to European History. Cambridge University Press, 2005. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781139445917" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781139445917">9781139445917</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rogan_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogan_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogan_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogan_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene L. Rogan. <i>Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921.</i> Volume 12 of Cambridge Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780521892230" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780521892230">9780521892230</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Somel144-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Somel144_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Selçuk Akşin Somel. "Kadı". <i>The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire</i>. Volume 152 of A to Z Guides. Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. p. 144-145. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780810875791" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780810875791">9780810875791</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cetinsaya-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cetinsaya_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cetinsaya_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cetinsaya_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gökhan Çetinsaya. <i>The Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890-1908.</i> SOAS/Routledge Studies on the Middle East. Routledge, 2006. p. 8-9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780203481325" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780203481325">9780203481325</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaza&oldid=26134213">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaza&oldid=26134213</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Artikel_dengan_koordinat_yang_hilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan koordinat yang hilang (halaman belum tersedia)">Artikel dengan koordinat yang hilang</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Wilayah_administratif_Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Wilayah administratif Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah administratif Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Armenia" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Armenia">Artikel mengandung aksara Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_non-Indonesia" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara non-Indonesia">Artikel mengandung aksara non-Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Bulgaria" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Bulgaria">Artikel mengandung aksara Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Yunani" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Yunani">Artikel mengandung aksara Yunani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Arab" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Arab">Artikel mengandung aksara Arab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_teks_IPA_berbahasa_Arab" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan teks IPA berbahasa Arab">Halaman dengan teks IPA berbahasa Arab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_templat_IPA_usang" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan templat IPA usang">Halaman dengan templat IPA usang</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 6 Agustus 2024, pukul 00.31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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