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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Discovery of her remains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_her_remains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Veneration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Veneration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liturgy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Liturgy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneration_by_other_saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneration_by_other_saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Veneration by other saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veneration_by_other_saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_dedicated_to_Saint_Philomena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_dedicated_to_Saint_Philomena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Places dedicated to Saint Philomena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_dedicated_to_Saint_Philomena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="القديسة فيلومينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القديسة فيلومينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena_de_Roma" title="Filomena de Roma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filomena de Roma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svat%C3%A1_Filom%C3%A9na" title="Svatá Filoména – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svatá Filoména" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philomena_von_Rom" title="Philomena von Rom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philomena von Rom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Φιλομένα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλομένα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena_(santa)" title="Filomena (santa) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filomena (santa)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena" title="Filomena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filomena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philom%C3%A8ne_(sainte)" title="Philomène (sainte) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philomène (sainte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%82%98" title="필로메나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필로메나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveta_Filomena" title="Sveta Filomena – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveta Filomena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena" title="Filomena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Filomena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena_di_Roma" title="Filomena di Roma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filomena di Roma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94" title="פילומנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פילומנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸಂತ ಫಿಲೋಮಿನಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂತ ಫಿಲೋಮಿನಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena_wa_Roma" title="Filomena wa Roma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Filomena wa Roma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philomena_Romana" title="Philomena Romana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philomena Romana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Filom%C3%A9na" title="Szent Filoména – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Filoména" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="القديسه فيلومينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القديسه فيلومينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena" title="Filomena – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filomena" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8A_(%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA)" title="フィロメナ (聖人) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィロメナ (聖人)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Filumena" title="Santa Filumena – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Santa Filumena" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena_(dziewica)" title="Filomena (dziewica) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filomena (dziewica)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena_de_Roma" title="Filomena de Roma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filomena de Roma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Филомена Римская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филомена Римская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena" title="Filomena – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filomena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena" title="Filomena – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filomena" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena" title="Filomena – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Filomena" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="นักบุญฟีโลเมนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นักบุญฟีโลเมนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Філомена Римська – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філомена Римська" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For others with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Philomena_(given_name)" title="Philomena (given name)">Philomena (given name)</a>. For the British film, see <a href="/wiki/Philomena_(film)" title="Philomena (film)">Philomena (film)</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/Thin_Lizzy" title="Thin Lizzy">Thin Lizzy</a> song, see <a href="/wiki/Nightlife_(Thin_Lizzy_album)" title="Nightlife (Thin Lizzy album)">Nightlife (Thin Lizzy album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Philomena</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg/250px-Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg/375px-Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg/500px-Tela_di_Santa_Filomena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="3798" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Triumph of Saint Philomena of Rome</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 January 291<br /><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 August 304<br /> (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 13)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Capital punishment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">drowning</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-AAS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a><sup id="cite_ref-st-takla.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-st-takla.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Saint_Philomena" title="Sanctuary of Saint Philomena">Sanctuary of Saint Philomena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mugnano_del_Cardinale" title="Mugnano del Cardinale">Mugnano del Cardinale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 August (Catholic Church)<br />10 August / 4 Misra (Coptic Orthodoxy)<sup id="cite_ref-st-takla.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-st-takla.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martyr%27s_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyr's palm">Martyr's palm</a>, crown of both white and red roses, arrows, anchor, sometimes a partially slit throat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)#In_Christianity" title="Cult (religious practice)">Catholic cult</a> suppressed</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 February 1961</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg/220px-Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg/330px-Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg/440px-Saint_Philomena_by_J.D._Mahlknecht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4208" /></a><figcaption>Saint Philomena with attributes: palm branch, whip, anchor and arrows. Plaster cast by Johann Dominik Mahlknecht in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Gherd%C3%ABina" title="Museum Gherdëina">Museum Gherdëina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Urtij%C3%ABi" title="Urtijëi">Urtijëi</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Philomena</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">FIL</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">MEE</span>-nə</i></a>), also known as <b>Saint Philomena</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἁγία Φιλουμένη</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Hagía Philouménē</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Αγία Φιλομένα</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Agía Filoména</i></span>) or <b>Philomena of Rome</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 January 291 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 August 304) was a <a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)#Virgin_martyrs" title="Virgin (title)">virgin martyr</a> whose remains were discovered on May 24–25, 1802, in the <a href="/wiki/Catacomb_of_Priscilla" title="Catacomb of Priscilla">Catacomb of Priscilla</a>. Three tiles enclosing the tomb bore an inscription, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pax Tecum Filumena</i></span> (i.e. "Peace be unto you, Philomena"), that was taken to indicate that her name (in the Latin of the inscription) was <i>Filumena</i> (Ancient Greek: <span lang="grc">φιλουμένη</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">philouménē</i></span>, <small><abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> </small>'beloved'), the English form of which is <i>Philomena</i>. Philomena is the patron saint of infants, babies, and youth,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is known as "The Wonderworker".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remains were moved to <a href="/wiki/Mugnano_del_Cardinale" title="Mugnano del Cardinale">Mugnano del Cardinale</a> in 1805. There, they became the focus of widespread devotion; several <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a> were credited to Philomena's <a href="/wiki/Intercession" title="Intercession">intercession</a>, including the healing of <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Jaricot" title="Pauline Jaricot">Pauline Jaricot</a> in 1835, which received wide publicity. <a href="/wiki/John_Vianney" title="John Vianney">John Vianney</a> attributed to her intercession the extraordinary cures that others attributed to him. </p><p>From 1837 to 1961, celebration of her <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> was approved for regional calendars, but was never included in the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>. The 1920 typical edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> included a mention of her, under 11 August, in the section headed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Missae pro aliquibus locis</i></span> ("Masses for some places"), with an indication that the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> to be used in those places was one from the <a href="/wiki/Common_(liturgy)" title="Common (liturgy)">common</a> of a virgin martyr, without any <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">proper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Missal1920_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Missal1920-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a> celebrate the feast of Saint Philomena on 10 August of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> which is 4 Misra of the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 21, 1833, the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Holy Office</a> declared that there was nothing contrary to the Catholic faith in the revelations that Maria Luisa di Gesù, a <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Dominican tertiary</a> from <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, claimed to have received from Philomena herself.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Maria Luisa di Gesù, Philomena told her she was the daughter of a king in Greece who, with his wife, had converted to Christianity. At the age of about 13, she took a vow of virginity for <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Christ's</a> sake. When the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> threatened to make war on her father, her father went with his family to Rome to ask for peace. The Emperor "fell in love" with the young Philomena and, when she refused to be his wife, subjected her to a series of torments: <a href="/wiki/Scourge" title="Scourge">scourging</a>, from whose effects two angels cured her; drowning with an anchor attached to her (two angels cut the rope and raised her to the river bank); and being shot with arrows (on the first occasion her wounds were healed; on the second, the arrows turned aside; and on the third, they returned and killed six of the archers, after which several of the others became Christians). Finally, the Emperor had her decapitated. The story goes that the decapitation occurred on a Friday at three in the afternoon, as with the death of Jesus. The two anchors, three arrows, the palm, and the ivy leaf on the tiles found in the tomb were interpreted as symbols of her martyrdom.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Neapolitan tertiary's account, Philomena also revealed that her birthday was 10 January,<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that her martyrdom occurred on 10 August (the date also of the arrival of her relics in Mugnano del Cardinale),<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that her name "Filumena" meant "daughter of light" (from Latin "filia" and "lumen;" however, it is usually taken to be derived from Greek φιλουμένη <i>philouménē</i> (hence Latin "u" for "ου") meaning "beloved.").<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publication of this account gave rise to critical study both of the account itself and of the many archaeological finds, leading to uncertainty that her supposed tomb was in fact that of a martyr.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_of_her_remains">Discovery of her remains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery of her remains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 24, 1802, in the <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome#Catacombs_of_Priscilla" title="Catacombs of Rome">Catacombs of Priscilla</a> on the Via Salaria Nova, an inscribed <i><a href="/wiki/Loculus_(architecture)" title="Loculus (architecture)">loculus</a></i> (a space hollowed out of the rock) was found, and on the following day it was carefully examined and opened. The <i>loculus</i> was closed with three <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> tiles on which was the following inscription: <i>lumena paxte cumfi</i>. It was and is generally accepted that the tiles had not been positioned in the sequence of the words and that the inscription originally read, with the leftmost tile placed on the right: <i>pax tecum Filumena</i> ("Peace with you, Philomena"). The skeleton of a female between thirteen and fifteen years old was found within the <i>loculus</i>. Embedded in the cement was a small glass vial with vestiges of what was taken to be blood. By the assumptions of the time, the remains were taken to be those of a virgin martyr named Philomena.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The belief that such vials were signs of the grave of a martyr was rejected by the investigations of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_De_Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Battista De Rossi">Giovanni Battista De Rossi</a> (1822–1894),<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but more recently, this original view has found advocates, such as theologian <a href="/wiki/Mark_Miravalle" title="Mark Miravalle">Mark Miravalle</a>. </p><p>In 1805, <a href="/wiki/Canon_regular" title="Canon regular">Canon</a> Francesco De Lucia of <a href="/wiki/Mugnano_del_Cardinale" title="Mugnano del Cardinale">Mugnano del Cardinale</a> requested relics for his oratory and, on 8 June, obtained the remains discovered in May 1802 (then reduced to dust and fragments).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relics arrived in Mugnano on August 10, and were placed in the Church of Our Lady of Grace.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new Church of Our Lady of Grace was built, containing a chapel to which the sacred relics were moved on 29 September 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1827, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XII" title="Pope Leo XII">Pope Leo XII</a> gave the church in Mugnano del Cardinale the three inscribed terracotta slabs taken from the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his <i>Relazione istorica della traslazione del sagro corpo di s. Filomena da Roma a Mugnano del Cardinale</i>, written in 1833,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canon De Lucia recounted that wonders accompanied the arrival of the relics to his church: among them a statue that sweated some liquid continuously for three days.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A miracle accepted as proved in the same year was the multiplication of the bone dust of the saint which provided for hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquaries</a> without the original amount experiencing any decrease in quantity.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Devotion to Philomena includes the wearing of the "Cord of Philomena", a red and white cord, which had a number of <a href="/wiki/Indulgences" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgences">indulgences</a> attached to it, including a <a href="/wiki/Plenary_indulgence" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenary indulgence">plenary indulgence</a> on the day on which the cord was worn for the first time, indulgences that were not renewed in <i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></i>, the 1967 general revision of the discipline concerning them.<sup id="cite_ref-Indulgences_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indulgences-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the <a href="/wiki/Chaplet_(prayer)" title="Chaplet (prayer)">chaplet</a> of Saint Philomena, with three white beads in honour of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Christian Trinity</a> and thirteen red beads in honour of the thirteen years of Philomena's life.<sup id="cite_ref-Hallack_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallack-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Sacramental" title="Sacramental">sacramental</a> associated with devotion to Philomena is the <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_Saints#The_Oil_of_St_Philomena" title="Oil of Saints">Oil of Saint Philomena</a>, used for the putative healing of the body and soul.<sup id="cite_ref-SSP2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSP2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1876, the first issue of <i>Messenger of Saint Philomena</i> was published in Paris, France. On October 6, 1876, Louis Petit, a priest, founded the <a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternity</a> of Saint Philomena in Paris. In November 1886, the Confraternity was raised to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity" title="Archconfraternity">Archconfraternity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>. On May 21, 1912, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> raised it to the rank of Universal Archconfraternity with the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic brief</a> <i>Pias Fidelium Societates</i> stating, regarding the historical authenticity of Philomena, that: "The current statements (regarding St. Philomena) are and remain always fixed, valid and effective; in this way it has to be judged as normative; and if it is proceeded in another way, it will be null and void, whatever its authority."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy">Liturgy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Liturgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg/250px-Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="498" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg/330px-Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg/500px-Bamberg_Obere_Pfarre_Figur_Hl_Philomena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="2947" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Saint Philomena in the Church of Our Lady <i>(Obere Pfarre)</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1834, due to many supposed miracles, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XVI" title="Pope Gregory XVI">Pope Gregory XVI</a> allowed the veneration of Saint Philomena and, in 1837, authorized the celebration of the feast of Saint Philomena on 11 August<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, according to another source, 9 September,<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first in the Diocese of <a href="/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a> (to which Mugnano del Cardinale belongs), and soon in several other dioceses in Italy. </p><p>The name "Philomena" was not included in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a> in which venerated persons are included immediately upon <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatification</a> or canonization.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920 typical edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>, Philomena is mentioned under 11 August with an indication that the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> for her feast day was to be taken entirely from the <a href="/wiki/Common_(liturgy)" title="Common (liturgy)">common liturgy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Missal1920_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Missal1920-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 14, 1961, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> ordered that the name of Philomena be removed from all liturgical calendars.<sup id="cite_ref-AAS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This order was given as part of an instruction on the application to local calendars of the principles enunciated in the 1960 <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a> that had already been applied to the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>. Section 33<sup id="cite_ref-AAS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of this document ordered the removal from local calendars of fourteen named feasts but allowed them to be retained in places with a special link to the feast. It then added: "However, the feast of Saint Philomena, virgin and martyr (11 August), is to be removed from all calendars."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veneration_by_other_saints">Veneration by other saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Veneration by other saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The spread of devotion to her in France and Italy was helped when <a href="/wiki/John_Vianney" title="John Vianney">John Vianney</a> built a shrine in her honour and referred to her often, attributing to her the miracles that others attributed to him.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Another help was the cure of the near-dying <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Jaricot" title="Pauline Jaricot">Pauline Jaricot</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Propagation_of_the_Faith" title="Society for the Propagation of the Faith">Society for the Propagation of the Faith</a>, at Philomena's shrine on August 10, 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 6, 1835, the Miracle<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of Giovanna Cescutti took place in Venice.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_of_Molokai" class="mw-redirect" title="Damien of Molokai">Damien of Molokai</a>, who had an intense devotion to Philomena, named his church at <a href="/wiki/Kalawao" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalawao">Kalawao</a> in honor of her.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Many other saints were devoted to Philomena, including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Julian_Eymard" title="Peter Julian Eymard">Peter Julian Eymard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mary_Claret" title="Anthony Mary Claret">Anthony Mary Claret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Sophie_Barat" title="Madeleine Sophie Barat">Madeleine Sophie Barat</a>, Euphrasier Pelletier, <a href="/wiki/John_Neumann" title="John Neumann">John Neumann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Taigi" title="Anna Maria Taigi">Anna Maria Taigi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_dedicated_to_Saint_Philomena">Places dedicated to Saint Philomena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Places dedicated to Saint Philomena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sanctuary of St. Philomena, Mugnano del Cardinale, <a href="/wiki/Avellino" title="Avellino">Avellino, Italy</a>, which houses her remains within a life-size, richly robed effigy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Philomena%27s_Church,_Mysore" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Philomena's Church, Mysore">St. Philomena's Cathedral (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Philomena%27s_Church_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)" title="St. Philomena's Church (Cincinnati, Ohio)">St. Philomena's Church (Cincinnati, Ohio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Philomena%27s_Church_(Pittsburgh,_PA)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Philomena's Church (Pittsburgh, PA)">St. Philomena's Church (Pittsburgh, PA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Philomena%27s_Catholic_High_School_for_Girls" title="St Philomena's Catholic High School for Girls">St Philomena's Catholic High School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Philomena%27s_Roman_Catholic_Church" title="St. Philomena's Roman Catholic Church">St. Philomena's Roman Catholic Church (Franklinville, New York)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santuariosantafilomena.org.br/">Sanctuary of St. Philomena (Sorocaba, Brazil)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201153556/http://www.santuariosantafilomena.org.br/">Archived</a> 2019-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>St. Philomena's Catholic Church and School (<a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, Illinois</a>)</li> <li>St. Philomena's Catholic Church (<a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Illinois" title="Monticello, Illinois">Monticello, Illinois</a>)</li> <li>St. Philomena Coptic Orthodox Children’s Home (<a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva, Fiji</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although correlation does not prove causation, the Holy See's instruction to remove the name of Philomena even from local calendars followed the raising of questions by certain scholars, whose interest had been drawn to the phenomenon more especially in connection with the revelations of Sister Maria Luisa di Gesù.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The questions were raised in particular by <a href="/wiki/Orazio_Marucchi" title="Orazio Marucchi">Orazio Marucchi</a>, whose study in the late 19th Century won the support of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Kirsch" title="Johann Peter Kirsch">Johann Peter Kirsch</a>, an archaeologist and ecclesiastical historian who is the author of the 1911 article on Philomena in the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orazio_Marucchi" title="Orazio Marucchi">Orazio Marucchi</a> had argued that the inscription on the three tiles that had provided the Latin name "Filumena" belonged to the middle or second half of the second century,<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the body that had been found was of the fourth century, when the persecutions of Christians had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, on his theory, not only the name but also the leaf, the two anchors and the palm that decorated the three tiles, and which had been believed to indicate that Filumena was a martyr, had no relation to the person whose remains were found.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alleged disarrangement of the tiles would be explained by a fourth-century practice of re-using materials already engraved, with the aim of indicating that it was not the same person who was now buried in the place. </p><p>More recently, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Miravalle" title="Mark Miravalle">Mark Miravalle</a> has argued that Marucchi's conclusions should not be taken as the final word on the historicity of St. Philomena. His book, <i>It Is Time to Meet St. Philomena</i>, cites several specialists who disagree with Marucchi's conclusions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Michael S. Carter (who supports Miravalle's position) has written about devotion to Saint Philomena within the broader context of veneration of "catacomb martyrs" and their relics in the history of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, In April 2005, at the <i>Conference of Philomenian Studies – 1805-2005</i>, findings of a study carried out on the tiles by the Opificio delle Pietre Dure e Laboratori di Restauro (Factory of Hard Stones and Restoration Laboratories) of Florence were made public. The analysis confirmed that only one type of mortal lime could be found on the tiles, thus giving strong support to the theory that the tiles had not been re-arranged.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others stress that the authenticity of her cult can be grounded on account of the miracles attributed to her, its long-standing papal approbation, and the saint's continued popularity. This has been the position of the rector of the shrine in Mugnano del Cardinale and the view presented in the Italian-language <i>Enciclopedia Dei Santi</i>. Pilgrims from all over the world arrive continually at Philomena's shrine in the Diocese of Nola, Italy, displaying an intense degree of popular devotion.<sup id="cite_ref-EncSanti_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The website of "The National Shrine of Saint Philomena, Miami, Florida" (associated with the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">SSPX</a>) sees "the action taken in 1960 as the work of the devil in order to deprive the people of God of a most powerful Intercessor, particularly in the areas of purity and faith at a time when these virtues were so much being challenged as they continue to be up until now!"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AAS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a>, 1961, p. 174. The text can be consulted <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2053%20%5B1961%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf">on the website</a> of the Holy See. It is also available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.introibo.fr/Instruction-De-calendariis#inter4">Instruction <i>De calendariis particularibus</i> (1961)</a> together with a French translation and a note that recounts the history of the devotion and that says a different saint named Philomena (5 July) and two called Philomenus (14 and 29 November) were listed in the Roman Martyrology.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-st-takla.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-st-takla.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-st-takla.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://st-takla.org/Saints/Coptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography/philomena.html">"الشهيدة فيلومينا | St-Takla.org"</a>. <i>st-takla.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=st-takla.org&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7+%7C+St-Takla.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fst-takla.org%2FSaints%2FCoptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography%2Fphilomena.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=98">"st philomena"</a>. <i>Catholic Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Online&rft.atitle=st+philomena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fsaints%2Fsaint.php%3Fsaint_id%3D98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'_Sullivan1993" class="citation book cs1">O' Sullivan, Paul (1993). <i>St. Philomena: The Wonder-Worker</i> (8th ed.). Gastonia U.S.A.: TAN. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0895555018" title="Special:BookSources/0895555018"><bdi>0895555018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+Philomena%3A+The+Wonder-Worker&rft.place=Gastonia+U.S.A.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=TAN&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0895555018&rft.aulast=O%27+Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Missal1920-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Missal1920_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Missal1920_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MissaleRomanum1920/page/n1179/mode/2up"><i>Missale Romanum 1920</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missale+Romanum+1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMissaleRomanum1920%2Fpage%2Fn1179%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://st-takla.org/Saints/Coptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography/philomena.html">"الشهيدة فيلومينا"</a>. <i>St-Takla.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St-Takla.org&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fst-takla.org%2FSaints%2FCoptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography%2Fphilomena.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncSanti-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncSanti_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65825">Enciclopedia dei Santi: Santa Filomena di Roma</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathEnc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12025b.htm">Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Philomena." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 29 Apr. 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Butler%27s_Lives_of_the_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Butler's Lives of the Saints">Butler's Lives of the Saints</a></i>, edition quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.le.ac.uk/users/grj1/ssmain.html"><i>Saints at a Glance</i> by Dr G.R.Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606141913/http://www.le.ac.uk/users/grj1/ssmain.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"corpus … in pulverem et in fragmina redactum", as described in the document with which the remains where handed over (quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philomena.us/Present%20Ecclesial%20Status-St.%20Philomena%20Nov%204.htm">Present Ecclesial Status of Devotion to St. Philomena</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050425144752/http://www.philomena.us/Present%20Ecclesial%20Status-St.%20Philomena%20Nov%204.htm">Archived</a> 2005-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402003926/http://www.philomena.us/saint-2/history-saint-philomena/discovery-translation-shrine/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Discovery and Translation to the Shrine", Sanctuary of Saint Philomena"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philomena.us/saint-2/history-saint-philomena/discovery-translation-shrine/">the original</a> on 2016-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Discovery+and+Translation+to+the+Shrine%22%2C+Sanctuary+of+Saint+Philomena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philomena.us%2Fsaint-2%2Fhistory-saint-philomena%2Fdiscovery-translation-shrine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francesco Di Lucia, <i>Relazione istorica della translazione del corpo di S. Filomena vergine, e martire da Roma a Mugnano del Cardinale</i>, vol. 2, pp. 80ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redlandsdailyfacts.com/2015/08/12/professing-faith-the-strange-story-of-st-philomena/">"Professing Faith: The strange story of St. Philomena", Redlands Daily Facts, August 12, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indulgences-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Indulgences_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19670101_indulgentiarum-doctrina_en.html">Pope Paul VI, Apostolic Constitution <i>Indulgentiarum doctrina</i> (1 January 1967)</a>; cf.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/tribunals/apost_penit/documents/rc_trib_appen_doc_20020826_enchiridion-indulgentiarum_lt.html">Enchiridion Indulgentiarum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hallack-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hallack_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saint Philomena: Virgin martyr and wonder worker. Cecily Hallack. Dublin, Ireland; Anthonian Press, 1936 Pages 120–124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSP2020-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SSP2020_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200126070431/http://philomena.us/oil-saint-philomena/">"The Oil of Saint Philomena"</a>. Sanctuary of Saint Philomena. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philomena.us/oil-saint-philomena/">the original</a> on 26 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Oil+of+Saint+Philomena&rft.pub=Sanctuary+of+Saint+Philomena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilomena.us%2Foil-saint-philomena%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philomena.org/archconfraternityhistory.asp">"History of the Universal Arch Confraternity (Archconfraternity) of Saint Philomena"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Universal+Arch+Confraternity+%28Archconfraternity%29+of+Saint+Philomena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philomena.org%2Farchconfraternityhistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pias Fidelium, (May 21, 1912), AAS 4, 1912, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"With the canonization of a new saint, that person is officially listed in the catalogue of saints, or Martyrology" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/definition.cfm?glossID=16&CFID=7042024&CFTOKEN=42752938">Canonization</a>); "as soon as the beatification or canonization event takes place, the person's name is technically part of the Roman Martyrology" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecatholichub.net/study/saints">Catholic Saints Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224080055/http://www.ecatholichub.net/study/saints">Archived</a> 2012-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>); cf. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/29/weekinreview/word-for-word-martyrology-brutalized-colonial-africa-1909-beatified-rome-1994.html">New York Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicbiblestudent.com/2008/08/roman-martyrology.html">The Roman Martyrology</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Festum autem S. Philumenae V. et M. (11 augusti) e quolibet calendario expungatur.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/kala/historyculture/stphil.htm">"St. Philomena Catholic Church in Kalawao", Kalaupapa National Historical Park, US National Park Service</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926040651/http://www.shrineofsaintphilomena.com/FAQ/FAQ.HTM">"Welcome to the National Shrine of Saint Philomena"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrineofsaintphilomena.com/FAQ/FAQ.HTM">the original</a> on 2021-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+National+Shrine+of+Saint+Philomena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shrineofsaintphilomena.com%2FFAQ%2FFAQ.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stphilomenahome.org/">"Saint Philomena Children's Home"</a>. <i>Saint Philomena Children's Home</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint+Philomena+Children%27s+Home&rft.atitle=Saint+Philomena+Children%27s+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stphilomenahome.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Mark Miravalle, <i>It Is Time to Meet St. Philomena</i>. Queenship Publishing 2007, pp. 12–13).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarter2018" class="citation journal cs1">Carter, Michael S. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/685105/summary">"Glowing With the Radiance of Heaven: Roman Martyrs, American Saints, and the Devotional World of Nineteenth-Century American Catholicism"</a>. <i>U.S. Catholic Historian</i>. <b>36</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcht.2018.0001">10.1353/cht.2018.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:166113874">166113874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Catholic+Historian&rft.atitle=Glowing+With+the+Radiance+of+Heaven%3A+Roman+Martyrs%2C+American+Saints%2C+and+the+Devotional+World+of+Nineteenth-Century+American+Catholicism&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcht.2018.0001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A166113874%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F685105%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philomena.it/2015August13.html">"The Miracles used for the canonization of Saint Philomena and supporting previous and recent studies"</a>. <i>philomena.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=philomena.it&rft.atitle=The+Miracles+used+for+the+canonization+of+Saint+Philomena+and+supporting+previous+and+recent+studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilomena.it%2F2015August13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926040651/http://www.shrineofsaintphilomena.com/FAQ/FAQ.HTM">"Did Saint Philomena Really Exist?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrineofsaintphilomena.com/FAQ/FAQ.HTM">the original</a> on 2021-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+Saint+Philomena+Really+Exist%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shrineofsaintphilomena.com%2FFAQ%2FFAQ.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilomena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marie Helene Mohr, SC, <i>Saint Philomena, Powerful with God</i>, Rockford, IL: <a href="/wiki/TAN_Books_and_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="TAN Books and Publishers">TAN Books and Publishers</a>, Inc, 1988.</li> <li><i>Philomena</i> in David Hugh Farmer, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Saints">The Oxford Dictionary of Saints</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860949-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860949-3">0-19-860949-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Miravalle" title="Mark Miravalle">Mark Miravalle</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327024315/http://www.philomena.it/all-content-type/about/present-ecclesial-status-of-devotion-to-saint-philomena.html">Present Ecclesial Status of Devotion to St. Philomena</a></i>, (Queenship Publishing, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57918-228-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57918-228-3">1-57918-228-3</a> (also on Internet: see below)</li> <li>Cecily Hallack, <i>Saint Philomena: Virgin martyr and wonderworker</i>. Dublin, Ireland; Anthonian Press, 1936</li> <li>Alfonso Ramos, <i>Santa Filomena: Princesa del cielo</i>. Chihuahua, Mexico; Ultimo Sello, 2013.</li> <li>Michael S. Carter, <i>Glowing With the Radiance of Heaven: Roman Martyrs, American Saints, and the Devotional World of Nineteenth-Century American Catholicism</i> in <i>U.S. Catholic Historian</i>, Volume 36, Number 1 (Winter 2018), pp. 1–26</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomena&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Philomena" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saint Philomena">Saint Philomena</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isidore.co/calibre/#book_id=6173&library_id=CalibreLibrary&panel=book_details">St. Philomena the Wonder-Worker by Paul O'Sullivan</a> (ePub file)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12025b.htm">Johann Peter Kirsch, "St. Philomena" in <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a> (New York 1911)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_zJJtvK2_KsC&dq=Philomena+Oxford+Dictionary+Saints&pg=PA360">David Farmer, "Philomena" in <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Saints</i>, Fifth Revised Edition (Oxford University Press 2011</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19959660-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19959660-7">978-0-19959660-7</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327024315/http://www.philomena.it/all-content-type/about/present-ecclesial-status-of-devotion-to-saint-philomena.html">Dr Mark Miravalle, <i>Present Ecclesial Status of Devotion to St. Philomena</i></a>, 2002, Retrieved March 12, 2013</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philomena.it"><i>Sanctuary of St. Philomena</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Mugnano_del_Cardinale" title="Mugnano del Cardinale">Mugnano del Cardinale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintsbooks.net/books/Fr.%20Paul%20O%27Sullivan,%20O.P.,%20E.D.M.%20-%20Saint%20Philomena%20the%20Wonder-Worker.htm"><i>The Life and Miracles of Saint Philomena, Virgin and Martyr</i>.</a> This English version was published in 1863, translated from the French version published in 1834 by Joseph-François Barrelle, SJ, in Fribourg, Switzerland.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholictradition.org/Litanies/litany68.htm">Litany to Saint Philomena</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholictradition.org/Saints/philomena.htm">Catholic Tradition Saint Philomena</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philomena.org/countries.asp">List of Places Devoted to Saint Philomena</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1047" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguito_del_Val" title="Dominguito del Val">Dominguito del Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_couples" title="List of venerated couples">Venerated couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/17px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/26px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/34px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/20px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/26px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/34px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_in_the_Coptic_Church668" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coptic_saints" title="Template:Coptic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coptic_saints" title="Template talk:Coptic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coptic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coptic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_in_the_Coptic_Church668" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Coptic_saints" title="List of Coptic saints">Saints in the Coptic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coptic cross"><img alt="Coptic cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/120px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/250px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, Our Lady of</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Assiut" title="Our Lady of Assiut">Assiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Warraq" title="Our Lady of Warraq">Warraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Zeitoun" title="Our Lady of Zeitoun">Zeitoun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Suriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zedekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananiel" title="Ananiel">Ananiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthias" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthias">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe the Deaconess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical figure)">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C4%81m%C5%ABn_of_Tarn%C5%ABt" title="Abāmūn of Tarnūt">Abāmūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C4%81m%C5%ABn_of_Tukh" title="Abāmūn of Tukh">Abāmūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abanoub" title="Abanoub">Abanoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaskhiron_the_Soldier" title="Abaskhiron the Soldier">Abaskhiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Alexandria_bombing" title="2011 Alexandria bombing">Alexandrian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Arianus" title="Saint Arianus">Arianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Apollonia" title="Saint Apollonia">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnouna" title="Bashnouna">Bashnouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilides_and_Potamiana" title="Basilides and Potamiana">Basilides and Potamiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_and_Daria" title="Chrysanthus and Daria">Chrysanthus and Daria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiaffredo" title="Chiaffredo">Chiaffredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Colluthus" title="Saint Colluthus">Colluthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_and_Damian" title="Cosmas and Damian">Cosmas and Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina" title="Cyprian and Justina">Cyprian and Justina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_and_John" title="Cyrus and John">Cyrus and John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasya" title="Dasya">Dasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiana" title="Demiana">Demiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Alexandria" title="Dorothea of Alexandria">Dorothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_and_Companions" title="Elias and Companions">Elias and Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimachus_of_Pelusium" title="Epimachus of Pelusium">Epimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustus,_Abibus_and_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius of Alexandria">Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_and_Regula" title="Felix and Regula">Felix and Regula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Abdel_El-Metgaly" title="Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly">Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gallicanus" title="Saint Gallicanus">Gallicanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anba_George" title="Anba George">George Bishop of Assiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_El_Mozahem" title="George El Mozahem">George El Mozahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereon" title="Gereon">Gereon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor,_Besoy,_and_Daydara" title="Hor, Besoy, and Daydara">Hor, Besoy, and Daydara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Imbaba_church_attacks" title="2011 Imbaba church attacks">Imbaba Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_of_Dafra" title="Isaac of Dafra">Isaac of Dafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Senhout" title="John of Senhout">John of Senhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Malati" title="Master Malati">Malati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_the_Virgin" title="Margaret the Virgin">Marina the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Memnon" title="Saint Memnon">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Menas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Menas">Menas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohrael" title="Mohrael">Mohrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Moura" title="Saint Moura">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_massacre" title="Nag Hammadi massacre">Nag Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otimus" title="Otimus">Otimus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Philotheos" title="Saint Philotheos">Philotheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rais" title="Saint Rais">Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_the_Martyr" title="Sarah the Martyr">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhom_Bishay" title="Sidhom Bishay">Sidhom Bishay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Legion" title="Theban Legion">Theban Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thecla" title="Thecla">Thecla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Theoclia" title="Saint Theoclia">Theoclia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_and_Didymus" title="Theodora and Didymus">Theodora and Didymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Stratelates" title="Theodore Stratelates">Theodore Stratelates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Varus" title="Saint Varus">Varus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronia_of_Syria" title="Febronia of Syria">Veronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadamoun" title="Wadamoun">Wadamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanas" title="Wanas">Wanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anianus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anianus of Alexandria">Anianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Avilius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Avilius of Alexandria">Avilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Kedron_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Kedron of Alexandria">Kedron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Justus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Justus of Alexandria">Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eumenes_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Eumenes of Alexandria">Eumenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Markianos_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Markianos of Alexandria">Markianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celadion_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Celadion of Alexandria">Celadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agrippinus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agrippinus of Alexandria">Agrippinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julian_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Julian of Alexandria">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Demetrius_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Demetrius I of Alexandria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Heraclas_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Heraclas of Alexandria">Heraclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theonas_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theonas of Alexandria">Theonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter I of Alexandria">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter II of Alexandria">Peter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Timothy_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy I of Alexandria">Timothy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Theophilus I of Alexandria">Theophilus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Timothy_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy II of Alexandria">Timothy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_III_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter III of Alexandria">Peter III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus II of Alexandria">Dioscorus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Timothy IV of Alexandria">Timothy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodosius_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Peter IV of Alexandria">Peter IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damian_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Damian of Alexandria">Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anastasius of Alexandria">Anastasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Andronicus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Andronicus of Alexandria">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benjamin_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria">Benjamin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agatho of Alexandria">Agathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simeon_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Simeon I of Alexandria">Simeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander II of Alexandria">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodoros_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theodoros I of Alexandria">Theodore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael I of Alexandria">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John IV of Alexandria">John IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Mark II of Alexandria">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Jacob_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Jacob of Alexandria">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simeon_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Simeon II of Alexandria">Simeon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Joseph_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Joseph I of Alexandria">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael II of Alexandria">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cosmas_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cosmas II of Alexandria">Cosmas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael III of Alexandria">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gabriel_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Gabriel I of Alexandria">Gabriel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cosmas_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cosmas III of Alexandria">Cosmas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Abraham_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Abraham of Alexandria">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zacharias_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Zacharias of Alexandria">Zacharias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril II of Alexandria">Cyril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Macarius_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Macarius II of Alexandria">Macarius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Matthew_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Matthew I of Alexandria">Matthew I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gabriel_VII_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Gabriel VII of Alexandria">Gabriel VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XIV of Alexandria">John XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_V_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril V of Alexandria">Cyril V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Macarius_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Macarius III of Alexandria">Macarius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_VI_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria">Cyril VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadiu_of_Antinoe" title="Abadiu of Antinoe">Abadiu of Antinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraam,_Bishop_of_Faiyum" title="Abraam, Bishop of Faiyum">Abraam of Faiyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Amun" title="Saint Amun">Amun of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory of Neocaesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Nisibis" title="Jacob of Nisibis">Jacob of Nisibis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Niki%C3%BB" title="John of Nikiû">John of Nikiû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Bishop_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="John II, Bishop of Jerusalem"> John of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Karas" title="Bishop Karas">Karas of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Mikhail_of_Asyut" title="Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut">Mikhaeil of Asyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_of_Jerusalem" title="Narcissus of Jerusalem">Narcissus of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Nicholas of Myra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_the_Bishop" title="Paphnutius the Bishop">Paphnutius of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Porphyrius" title="Saint Porphyrius">Porphyrius of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psote" title="Psote">Psote of Ebsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary_of_Serapion_of_Thmuis" title="Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis">Serapion of Thmuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severian_of_Gabala" title="Severian of Gabala">Severian of Gabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousab_El_Abah" title="Yousab El Abah">Yousab el-Abah of Girga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Messih_El-Makari" title="Abdel Messih El-Makari">Abdel Messih El-Makari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abib_and_Apollo" title="Abib and Apollo">Abib and Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Farshut" title="Abraham of Farshut">Abraham of Farshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Scetis" title="Abraham of Scetis">Abraham of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Amun" title="Saint Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Awgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Awgin">Awgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnouna" title="Bashnouna">Bashnouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarion" title="Hilarion">Hilarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsiesius" title="Horsiesius">Horsiesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitius" title="Hospitius">Hospitius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Irini" title="Mother Irini">Mother Irini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_of_Nineveh" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac of Nineveh">Isaac of Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Pelusium" title="Isidore of Pelusium">Isidore of Pelusium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Dwarf" title="John the Dwarf">John the Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Alexandria" title="Macarius of Alexandria">Macarius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Egypt" title="Macarius of Egypt">Macarius of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_the_Monk" title="Marina the Monk">Marina the Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Black" title="Moses the Black">Moses the Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_of_Sinai" title="Nilus of Sinai">Nilus of Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_the_Great" title="Pachomius the Great">Pachomius the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambo" title="Pambo">Pambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsoma" title="Parsoma">Parsoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patapios_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Patapios of Thebes">Patapios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tammah" title="Paul of Tammah">Paul of Tammah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Simple" title="Paul the Simple">Paul the Simple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronius_of_Egypt" title="Petronius of Egypt">Petronius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pishoy" title="Pishoy">Pishoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poemen" title="Poemen">Poemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_the_Confessor" title="Samuel the Confessor">Samuel the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisoes_the_Great" title="Sisoes the Great">Sisoes the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_of_Tabennese" title="Theodorus of Tabennese">Theodorus of Tabennese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_of_Alexandria" title="Theodora of Alexandria">Theodora of Alexandria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">Anchorites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Karas" title="Saint Karas">Karas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Egypt" title="Mary of Egypt">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misael_the_Anchorite" title="Misael the Anchorite">Misael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onuphrius" title="Onuphrius">Onuphrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_the_Ascetic" title="Paphnutius the Ascetic">Paphnutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pijimi" title="Pijimi">Pijimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenoute" title="Shenoute">Shenouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Hermit" title="Thomas the Hermit">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimas_of_Palestine" title="Zosimas of Palestine">Zosimas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Other saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_of_Alexandria" title="Ambrose of Alexandria">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didymus_the_Blind" title="Didymus the Blind">Didymus the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_of_Alexandria" title="Euphrosyne of Alexandria">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Girgis" title="Habib Girgis">Habib Girgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Candidus" title="Saint Candidus">Candidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Tanner" title="Simon the Tanner">Simon the Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Three Holy Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Maximus_and_Domatius" title="Saints Maximus and Domatius">Maximus and Domatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verena" class="mw-redirect" title="Verena">Verena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/20px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/21px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/32px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/42px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greece" title="Portal:Greece">Greece</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466428#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1090" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119102234">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84043975">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20040112008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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