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Available in 113 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8A%E1%8C%8E%E1%88%8B" title="ካሊጎላ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካሊጎላ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="كاليغولا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاليغولا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="কেলিগোলা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কেলিগোলা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADgula" title="Calígula – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calígula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliqula" title="Kaliqula – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kaliqula" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیقولا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالیقولا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калігула – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калігула" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калігула – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Калігула" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADgula" title="Calígula – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calígula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γάιος Καλιγούλας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάιος Καλιγούλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADgula" title="Calígula – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calígula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligulo" title="Kaligulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaligulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADgula" title="Calígula – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Calígula" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیگولا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیگولا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADgula" title="Calígula – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calígula" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EA%B5%B4%EB%9D%BC" title="칼리굴라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼리굴라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Կալիգուլա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիգուլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कालिगुला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कालिगुला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADg%C3%BAla" title="Calígúla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Calígúla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligola" title="Caligola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caligola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="קליגולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליגולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="კალიგულა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიგულა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisari_Kaligula" title="Kaisari Kaligula – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaisari Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligola" title="Caligola – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caligola" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligola" title="Caligola – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Caligola" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula_r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Caligula római császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Caligula római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कालिगुला – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कालिगुला" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligola" title="Kaligola – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaligola" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2" title="കലിഗുല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കലിഗുല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कॅलिगुला – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅलिगुला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="კალიგულა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალიგულა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="كاليجولا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاليجولا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیگولا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کالیگولا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကလီဂျူလာဘုရင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလီဂျူလာဘုရင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9" title="カリグラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリグラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਲੀਗੁਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਲੀਗੁਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیگولا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کالیگولا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیګولا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کالیګولا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A" title="លោកកៃយុសសេសារ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លោកកៃយុសសេសារ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ACgola" title="Calìgola – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Calìgola" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADgula" title="Calígula – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calígula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="قیصر گائیس کیلیگولا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="قیصر گائیس کیلیگولا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ACgula" title="Calìgula – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Calìgula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیگولا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کالیگولا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="காலிகுலா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலிகுலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligula" title="Kaligula – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kaligula" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калигула – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калигула" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="จักรพรรดิกาลิกุลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิกาลิกุลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8A%E1%8C%8E%E1%88%8B" title="ካሊጎላ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ካሊጎላ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Калігула – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калігула" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالیگولا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کالیگولا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula_(emperador)" title="Caligula (emperador) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caligula (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89" title="卡利古拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡利古拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89" title="卡利古拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡利古拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Caligula" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89" title="卡利古拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡利古拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">Caligula</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg/220px-Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg/330px-Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg/440px-Gaius_Caesar_Caligula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Bust of the Emperor Gaius, known as Caligula</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">3rd Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">18 March AD 37 – 24 January AD 41 <br /> (3 years, 10 months)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, great-uncle and adoptive grandfather</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, uncle</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">31 August AD 12<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antium (not yet started)">Antium</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nettuno" title="Nettuno">Nettuno</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italia_(Roman_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italia (Roman Empire) (not yet started)">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 January AD 41 (aged 28)<br /><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Hill" title="Palatine Hill">Palatine Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mausoleum_of_Augustus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mausoleum of Augustus (not yet started)">Mausoleum of Augustus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junia_Claudilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junia Claudilla (not yet started)">Junia Claudilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livia_Orestilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livia Orestilla (not yet started)">Livia Orestilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollia_Paulina" title="Lollia Paulina">Lollia Paulina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milonia_Caesonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milonia Caesonia (not yet started)">Milonia Caesonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_Drusilla_(daughter_of_Caligula)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula) (not yet started)">Julia Drusilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberius_Gemellus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberius Gemellus (not yet started)">Tiberius Gemellus</a> (adoptive)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nymphidius_Sabinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nymphidius Sabinus (not yet started)">Nymphidius Sabinus</a> (disputed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Full name</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (birth)<br />Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (as emperor)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrippina_the_Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrippina the Elder (not yet started)">Agrippina the Elder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">ancient Roman religion</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Caligula</b> (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, 31 August 12 – 24 January 41) was the third <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Emperor</a>. He reigned from AD 37. After only four years, he was <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassinated</a> by members of his <a href="/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">bodyguard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a>. During his <a href="/wiki/Reign" title="Reign">reign</a>, many innocent people were killed without fair <a href="/wiki/Trial" title="Trial">trials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even with all that, he was popular with the Roman public in his time. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Life" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Life"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caligula's father <a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> was the nephew and adoptive son of emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>. He was a very successful general. He was one of Rome's most beloved public figures. </p><p>When Germanicus died at <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> in 19 AD, his mother <a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina_the_Elder">Agrippina the Elder</a> returned to Rome with her six children. She had a bitter feud with Tiberius. That eventually led to the destruction of her family. Caligula was the only male survivor. In 31, he joined the emperor on the island of <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a>. Tiberius had gone there five years earlier. When Tiberius died in 37, Caligula became emperor. </p><p>There are few surviving sources on Caligula's reign. He is described as a noble and moderate ruler during the first two years of his rule. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, extravagance, and sexual perversity, presenting him as an insane <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a>. </p><p>Caligula worked to give more authority to the emperor. He put a lot of his effort into ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself. He started the construction of two new aqueducts in Rome: the <i>Aqua Claudia</i> and the <i>Anio Novus</i>. During his reign, the empire took over the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> and made it into a <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>. </p><p>In early 41, Caligula was assassinated. There was a conspiracy involving officers of the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_Guard" title="Praetorian Guard">Praetorian Guard</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a> and members of the imperial court. After Caligula's death, the conspirators' tried to bring back the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, but they were unsuccessful. The Praetorian Guard declared Caligula's uncle <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> emperor in his place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Ancestry" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ancestry"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7427040">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="ahnentafel" style="font-size:88%;font-size: 100%; line-height: 110%;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drusus_Claudius_Nero_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drusus Claudius Nero I (not yet started)">Drusus Claudius Nero</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_(praetor_42_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberius Claudius Nero (praetor 42 BC) (not yet started)">Tiberius Claudius Nero</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">17. Claudia</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nero_Claudius_Drusus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nero Claudius Drusus (not yet started)">Nero Claudius Drusus</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">18. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Livius_Drusus_Claudianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus (not yet started)">Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livia_Drusilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livia Drusilla (not yet started)">Livia Drusilla</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">19. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aufidia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aufidia (not yet started)">Aufidia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">20. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Antonius_Creticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Antonius Creticus (not yet started)">Marcus Antonius Creticus</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">21. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_Antonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia Antonia (not yet started)">Julia Antonia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonia_Minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonia Minor (not yet started)">Antonia Minor</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">22. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Octavius_(praetor_61_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC) (not yet started)">Gaius Octavius</a> (=28)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_Minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octavia Minor (not yet started)">Octavia Minor</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">23. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atia_Balba_Caesonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atia Balba Caesonia (not yet started)">Atia Balba Caesonia</a> (=29)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #fcc;">1.<b>Caligula</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Vipsanius_Agrippa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa (not yet started)">Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrippina_the_Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrippina the Elder (not yet started)">Agrippina the Elder</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">28. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Octavius_(praetor_61_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC) (not yet started)">Gaius Octavius</a> (=22)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">29. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atia_Balba_Caesonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atia Balba Caesonia (not yet started)">Atia Balba Caesonia</a> (=23)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_the_Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia the Elder (not yet started)">Julia the Elder</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">30. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Scribonius_Libo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Scribonius Libo (not yet started)">Lucius Scribonius Libo</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scribonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scribonia (not yet started)">Scribonia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">31. Sentia</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insanity?"><span id="Insanity.3F"></span>Insanity?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Insanity?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Insanity?"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are stories about Caligula that show cruelty and <a href="/wiki/Insane" class="mw-redirect" title="Insane">insanity</a>. He was accused of killing just for amusement.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was accused of committing <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a> with his sisters and prostituting them with other men.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was accused of turning the palace into a <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gjxxsj_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gjxxsj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caligula appeared in public dressed as various gods. He demanded to be worshipped as a god.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a legend that he appointed <a href="/wiki/Incitatus" title="Incitatus">a horse</a> to the priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is difficult to know anything for certain about Caligula. Only two sources from his time still exist. Those are the works of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philo (not yet started)">Philo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>. They give mostly <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote" class="extiw" title="wikt:anecdote">anecdotes</a>. At one time, there were detailed histories on Caligula. Now they are lost. Caligula's sister, Agrippina the Younger, wrote an <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a> which certainly had a lot of information about Caligula's reign. It is also lost. No surviving source paints Caligula in a favorable light. It is not known whether Caligula was insane. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relics">Relics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Relics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Relics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017 a mosaic from one of Caligula's Lake Nemi pleasure ships was discovered in New York City<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, Anthony A. 1989. <i>Caligula: the corruption of power</i>. Batsford, London. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-5487-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-5487-3">0-7134-5487-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seneca the Younger, <i>On Anger</i> III.xviii.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#11">LIX.11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#22">LIX.22</a>; Suetonius, <i>The Lives of Twelve Caesars</i>, Life of Caligula <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#24">24</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gjxxsj-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gjxxsj_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, <i>The Lives of Twelve Caesars</i>, Life of Caligula <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#41">41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#26">LIX.26-28</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Meltzner2013" class="citation news cs1">Tom Meltzner (June 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/jul/30/caligula-with-mary-beard-review">"Caligula with Mary Beard – TV review"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Caligula+with+Mary+Beard+%E2%80%93+TV+review&rft.date=2013-06-30&rft.au=Tom+Meltzner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2013%2Fjul%2F30%2Fcaligula-with-mary-beard-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACaligula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, <i>The Lives of Twelve Caesars</i>, Life of Caligula 55; Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#14">LIX.14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#28">LIX.28</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/piece-caligula-s-ship-found-new-york-apartment-n812511">NBC NewsOct 20, 2017</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligula&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gaius_Caesar" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gaius Caesar">Gaius Caesar</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671870"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671876"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:Caligula" class="extiw" title="en:q:Caligula">Caligula</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/{{{id}}}"><i>Caligula with Mary Beard</i> </a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online#Programmes" title="BBC Online">BBC Programmes</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Caligula </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 31 August AD 12 </span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 24 January AD 41</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF">Royal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_Emperors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman Emperors (not yet started)">Roman Emperor</a></b><br />37–41 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Acerronius_Proculus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Acerronius Proculus (not yet started)">Gnaeus Acerronius Proculus</a>, and<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Petronius_Pontius_Nigrinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Petronius Pontius Nigrinus (not yet started)">Gaius Petronius Pontius Nigrinus</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Ordinary consuls</b></i></small> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls (not yet started)">Suffect consul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></b><br />37<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulus_Caecina_Paetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aulus Caecina Paetus (not yet started)">Aulus Caecina Paetus</a>, and<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Caninius_Rebilus_(consul_38)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Caninius Rebilus (consul 38) (not yet started)">Gaius Caninius Rebilus</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consuls</b></i></small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Servius_Asinius_Celer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servius Asinius Celer (not yet started)">Servius Asinius Celer</a>,<br />and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sextus_Nonius_Quinctilianus_(consul_38)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus (consul 38) (not yet started)">Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consuls</b></i></small> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls (not yet started)">Consul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></b><br />39<br /><i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Apronius_Caesianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Apronius Caesianus (not yet started)">Lucius Apronius Caesianus</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Sanquinius_Maximus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Sanquinius Maximus (not yet started)">Quintus Sanquinius Maximus</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consul</b></i></small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulus_Didius_Gallus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aulus Didius Gallus (not yet started)">Aulus Didius Gallus</a>,<br />and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Domitius_Afer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Domitius Afer (not yet started)">Gnaeus Domitius Afer</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consuls</b></i></small> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls (not yet started)">Consul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></b><br />40<br /><i><b>sine collega</b></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Laecanius_Bassus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Laecanius Bassus (not yet started)">Gaius Laecanius Bassus</a>,<br />and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Terentius_Culleo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Terentius Culleo (not yet started)">Quintus Terentius Culleo</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consuls</b></i></small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Laecanius_Bassus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Laecanius Bassus (not yet started)">Gaius Laecanius Bassus</a>,<br />and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Terentius_Culleo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Terentius Culleo (not yet started)">Quintus Terentius Culleo</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consuls</b></i></small> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls (not yet started)">Consul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></b><br />41<br /><i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Sentius_Saturninus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus (not yet started)">Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Pomponius_Secundus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Pomponius Secundus (not yet started)">Quintus Pomponius Secundus</a></span><br /><small><i><b>as Suffect consul</b></i></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Emperors" title="Template:Roman Emperors"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Roman_Emperors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Roman Emperors (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Roman_Emperors&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine</a> emperors</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principate (not yet started)">Principate</a><br />27 BC – 284 AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" class="mw-redirect" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> <i>and</i> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i>)</li> <li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Clodius_Albinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Clodius Albinus">Clodius Albinus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a> <i>and</i> <a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadumenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadumenian (not yet started)">Diadumenian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Severus_Alexander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severus Alexander (not yet started)">Severus Alexander</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–284</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a> <i>and</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordian_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordian II (not yet started)">Gordian II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pupienus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pupienus (not yet started)">Pupienus</a> <i>and</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balbinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balbinus (not yet started)">Balbinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip the Arab</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippus_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippus II (not yet started)">Philippus II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decius (not yet started)">Decius</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herennius_Etruscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herennius Etruscus (not yet started)">Herennius Etruscus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hostilian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hostilian (not yet started)">Hostilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volusianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volusianus (not yet started)">Volusianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerian_(emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerian (emperor) (not yet started)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallienus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallienus (not yet started)">Gallienus</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saloninus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saloninus (not yet started)">Saloninus</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerian_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerian II (not yet started)">Valerian II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Tacitus" title="Marcus Claudius Tacitus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florianus" title="Florianus">Florianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carus (not yet started)">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carinus (not yet started)">Carinus</a> <i>and</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numerian (not yet started)">Numerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallic_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallic Empire (not yet started)">Gallic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postumus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postumus (not yet started)">Postumus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laelianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laelianus (not yet started)">Laelianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Aurelius_Marius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Aurelius Marius (not yet started)">Marius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victorinus (not yet started)">Victorinus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domitianus_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domitianus II (not yet started)">Domitianus II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetricus_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetricus I (not yet started)">Tetricus I</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetricus_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetricus II (not yet started)">Tetricus II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmyrene_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmyrene Empire (not yet started)">Palmyrene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaballathus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaballathus (not yet started)">Vaballathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenobia" title="Zenobia">Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Septimius_Antiochus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Septimius Antiochus (not yet started)">Septimius Antiochus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominate (not yet started)">Dominate</a><br />284–610</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximian">Maximian</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerius_Severus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerius Severus (not yet started)">Valerius Severus</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximinus_Daza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximinus Daza (not yet started)">Maximinus Daza</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxentius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxentius (not yet started)">Maxentius</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerius_Valens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerius Valens (not yet started)">Valerius Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Licinius_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Licinius II (not yet started)">Licinius II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crispus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crispus (not yet started)">Crispus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine II (not yet started)">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinian_(Sextus_Martinianus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinian (Sextus Martinianus) (not yet started)">Martinian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantius_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantius II (not yet started)">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constans (not yet started)">Constans I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnentius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnentius (not yet started)">Magnentius</a></i> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decentius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decentius (not yet started)">Decentius</a></i> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetranio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vetranio (not yet started)">Vetranio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovian_(emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jovian (emperor) (not yet started)">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentinian_the_Great&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentinian the Great (not yet started)">Valentinian the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valens (not yet started)">Valens</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gratian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gratian (not yet started)">Gratian</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a> (West)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Maximus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus Maximus (not yet started)">Magnus Maximus</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavius_Victor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavius Victor (not yet started)">Flavius Victor</a></i> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius the Great</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenius (not yet started)">Eugenius</a></i> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)" title="Honorius (emperor)">Honorius</a> (West)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor) (not yet started)">Constantine III</a></i> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constans_II_(usurper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constans II (usurper) (not yet started)">Constans II</a></i> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantius_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantius III (not yet started)">Constantius III</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joannes (not yet started)">Joannes</a> <i>as Western usurper in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulcheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulcheria (not yet started)">Pulcheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petronius_Maximus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petronius Maximus (not yet started)">Petronius Maximus</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladius_(Caesar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladius (Caesar) (not yet started)">Palladius</a></i> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avitus (not yet started)">Avitus</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_I_the_Thracian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo I the Thracian (not yet started)">Leo I the Thracian</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorian" title="Majorian">Majorian</a> <i>then</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libius_Severus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libius Severus (not yet started)">Libius Severus</a> <i>then</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthemius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthemius (not yet started)">Anthemius</a> <i>then</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olybrius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olybrius (not yet started)">Olybrius</a> <i>then</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycerius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycerius (not yet started)">Glycerius</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a> (East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a> (West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a> (West)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basiliscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basiliscus (not yet started)">Basiliscus</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_(son_of_Basiliscus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus (son of Basiliscus) (not yet started)">Marcus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I Dicorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Justin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian the Great">Justinian the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine" title="Tiberius II Constantine">Tiberius II Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> <i>with</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodosius (son of Maurice) (not yet started)">Theodosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />610–1204</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_III_(Byzantine_emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine III (Byzantine emperor) (not yet started)">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraklonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraklonas (not yet started)">Heraklonas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constans_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constans II (not yet started)">Constans II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine IV (not yet started)">Constantine IV</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II) (not yet started)">Heraclius</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II) (not yet started)">Tiberius</a> and then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justinian_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justinian II (not yet started)">Justinian II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justinian_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justinian II (not yet started)">Justinian II</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberius_(son_of_Justinian_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberius (son of Justinian II) (not yet started)">Tiberius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leontios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leontios (not yet started)">Leontios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberios_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberios III (not yet started)">Tiberios III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippikos_Bardanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippikos Bardanes (not yet started)">Philippikos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasios_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anastasios II (not yet started)">Anastasios II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodosius_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodosius III (not yet started)">Theodosius III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_III_the_Isaurian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo III the Isaurian (not yet started)">Leo III the Isaurian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine V (not yet started)">Constantine V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artabasdos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artabasdos (not yet started)">Artabasdos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_IV_the_Khazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo IV the Khazar (not yet started)">Leo IV the Khazar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine VI (not yet started)">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_of_Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene of Athens (not yet started)">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikephoros I (not yet started)">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staurakios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staurakios (not yet started)">Staurakios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_I_Rangabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael I Rangabe (not yet started)">Michael I Rangabe</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I) (not yet started)">Theophylact</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_V_the_Armenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo V the Armenian (not yet started)">Leo V the Armenian</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_(son_of_Leo_V)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine (son of Leo V) (not yet started)">Symbatios-Constantine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael II (not yet started)">Michael II the Amorian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophilos_(emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophilos (emperor) (not yet started)">Theophilos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael III (not yet started)">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I the Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_VI_the_Wise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo VI the Wise (not yet started)">Leo VI the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor) (not yet started)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanos_I_Lekapenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanos I Lekapenos (not yet started)">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lekapenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Lekapenos (not yet started)">Christopher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Lekapenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Lekapenos (not yet started)">Stephen</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_Lekapenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine Lekapenos (not yet started)">Constantine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanos_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanos II (not yet started)">Romanos II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_II_Phokas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikephoros II Phokas (not yet started)">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_I_Tzimiskes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John I Tzimiskes (not yet started)">John I Tzimiskes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine VIII (not yet started)">Constantine VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Porphyrogenita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita (not yet started)">Zoe</a> <i>with</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanos_III_Argyros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanos III Argyros (not yet started)">Romanos III Argyros</a> <i>with</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian (not yet started)">Michael IV the Paphlagonian</a> <i>with</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodora_(11th_century)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodora (11th century) (not yet started)">Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_V_Kalaphates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael V Kalaphates (not yet started)">Michael V Kalaphates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_IX_Monomachos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine IX Monomachos (not yet started)">Constantine IX Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodora_(11th_century)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodora (11th century) (not yet started)">Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_VI_Bringas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael VI Bringas (not yet started)">Michael VI Bringas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_X_Doukas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine X Doukas (not yet started)">Constantine X Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanos_IV_Diogenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanos IV Diogenes (not yet started)">Romanos IV Diogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_VII_Doukas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael VII Doukas (not yet started)">Michael VII Doukas</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_Doukas_(co-emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor) (not yet started)">Andronikos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantios_Doukas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantios Doukas (not yet started)">Konstantios</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor) (not yet started)">Constantine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates (not yet started)">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_Komnenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John II Komnenos (not yet started)">John II Komnenos</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor) (not yet started)">Alexios Komnenos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_I_Komnenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel I Komnenos (not yet started)">Manuel I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexios_II_Komnenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexios II Komnenos (not yet started)">Alexios II Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_I_Komnenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos I Komnenos (not yet started)">Andronikos I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_II_Angelos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac II Angelos (not yet started)">Isaac II Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexios_III_Angelos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexios III Angelos (not yet started)">Alexios III Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexios_IV_Angelos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexios IV Angelos (not yet started)">Alexios IV Angelos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kanabos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kanabos (not yet started)">Nicholas Kanabos</a> as usurper chosen by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byzantine Senate (not yet started)">Senate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexios_V_Doukas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexios V Doukas (not yet started)">Alexios V Doukas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a><br />1204–1261</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_Laskaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine Laskaris (not yet started)">Constantine Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_I_Laskaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore I Laskaris (not yet started)">Theodore I Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John III Doukas Vatatzes (not yet started)">John III Doukas Vatatzes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_II_Laskaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore II Laskaris (not yet started)">Theodore II Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_IV_Laskaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John IV Laskaris (not yet started)">John IV Laskaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />1261–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_VIII_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos (not yet started)">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_II_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos (not yet started)">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_IX_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael IX Palaiologos (not yet started)">Michael IX Palaiologos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_III_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos (not yet started)">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_V_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John V Palaiologos (not yet started)">John V Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_VI_Kantakouzenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John VI Kantakouzenos (not yet started)">John VI Kantakouzenos</a> <i>with <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_V_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John V Palaiologos (not yet started)">John V Palaiologos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Kantakouzenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Kantakouzenos (not yet started)">Matthew Kantakouzenos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_V_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John V Palaiologos (not yet started)">John V Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos IV Palaiologos (not yet started)">Andronikos IV Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_VII_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John VII Palaiologos (not yet started)">John VII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_V_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos V Palaiologos (not yet started)">Andronikos V Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_II_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel II Palaiologos (not yet started)">Manuel II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_VIII_Palaiologos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John VIII Palaiologos (not yet started)">John VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics usually indicate an usurper or co-emperor.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/10775/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000093108408">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59052351">VIAF</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/449159474306827662208">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx8F8Wmv7Fp4f49rJcByd">WorldCat Entities</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX872649">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956741v">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956741v">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614685806706">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118518410">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259208505171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/20728489">Belgium</a></span></li> 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