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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-용액의_조성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#용액의_조성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>용액의 조성</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-용액의_조성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-용액의_총괄성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#용액의_총괄성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>용액의 총괄성</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-용액의_총괄성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-묽은_용액" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#묽은_용액"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>묽은 용액</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-묽은_용액-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">용액</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 84개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplossing_(chemie)" title="Oplossing (chemie) – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oplossing (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="محلول – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n" title="Disolución – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solusyon_(kimika)" title="Solusyon (kimika) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Solusyon (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Раствор – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рашчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рашчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Разтвор – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разтвор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3" title="দ্রবণ – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্রবণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastvor" title="Rastvor – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rastvor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluci%C3%B3_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Solució química – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solució química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="گیراوە – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیراوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztok" title="Roztok – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roztok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Ирĕлчĕк – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирĕлчĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opl%C3%B8sning_(kemi)" title="Opløsning (kemi) – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opløsning (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6sung_(Chemie)" title="Lösung (Chemie) – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lösung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Διάλυμα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάλυμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry) – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solution (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solva%C4%B5o" title="Solvaĵo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solvaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n" title="Disolución – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluzio" title="Disoluzio – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Disoluzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="محلول – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuos" title="Liuos – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liuos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chimie)" title="Solution (chimie) – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solution (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuaslag%C3%A1n" title="Tuaslagán – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tuaslagán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n" title="Disolución – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="תמיסה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="विलयन – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलयन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otopine" title="Otopine – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otopine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solisyon" title="Solisyon – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solisyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldat" title="Oldat – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oldat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Լուծույթներ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուծույթներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Larutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausn" title="Lausn – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lausn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica) – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soluzione (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ხსნარები – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხსნარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerway" title="Amerway – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amerway" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Ерітінді – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ерітінді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutio_(chemia)" title="Solutio (chemia) – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solutio (chemia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzion" title="Soluzion – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Soluzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirpalas" title="Tirpalas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tirpalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7%C4%ABdums" title="Šķīdums – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šķīdums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Раствор – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ലായനി – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലായനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Уусмал – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уусмал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="द्रावण – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्रावण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Larutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="घोल – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplossing_(scheikunde)" title="Oplossing (scheikunde) – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oplossing (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8sning_(kjemi)" title="Løsning (kjemi) – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løsning (kjemi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solucion_(quimia)" title="Solucion (quimia) – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solucion (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbula" title="Bulbula – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bulbula" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਘੋਲ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztw%C3%B3r" title="Roztwór – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roztwór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Solução – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chullusqa" title="Chullusqa – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chullusqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie_(chimie)" title="Soluție (chimie) – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Soluție (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Раствор – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otopina" title="Otopina – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Otopina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solution (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztok" title="Roztok – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roztok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raztopina" title="Raztopina – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Raztopina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munyungu" title="Munyungu – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Munyungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millan" title="Millan – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Millan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tret%C3%ABsirat" title="Tretësirat – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tretësirat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Раствор – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6sning_(kemi)" title="Lösning (kemi) – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lösning (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmumunyo" title="Mmumunyo – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mmumunyo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கரைசல் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரைசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="สารละลาย – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารละลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6zelti" title="Çözelti – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çözelti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Розчин – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розчин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="محلول – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritma" title="Eritma – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eritma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C5%82usion" title="Sołusion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sołusion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Dung dịch – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dung dịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solusyon" title="Solusyon – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Solusyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-solution" title="I-solution – 코사어" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-solution" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="코사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/60px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/80px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">이 문서의 내용은 <b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%EB%B0%9D%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:출처 밝히기">출처</a>가 분명하지 않습니다.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"><br />이 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1&action=edit">문서를 편집</a></span>하여, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%8B%A0%EB%A2%B0%ED%95%A0_%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98" title="위키백과:신뢰할 수 있는 출처">신뢰할 수 있는 출처</a>를 표기해 주세요. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%99%95%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5" title="위키백과:확인 가능">검증</a>되지 않은 내용은 삭제될 수도 있습니다. 내용에 대한 의견은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1" title="토론:용액">토론 문서</a>에서 나누어 주세요.</span> <span class="date-container">(<small><span class="date">2012년 4월</span></small>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg/150px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg/225px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg/300px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%88" title="소금">소금</a>을 물에 녹이는 모습</figcaption></figure> <p><b>용액</b>(溶液, <span lang="en">solution</span>)은 둘 이상의 물질로 구성된 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%BC%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC" title="혼합물">혼합물</a>의 일종으로, (액체상태뿐만 아닌, 물질의 상태에 관계없이 두가지 이상의 물질이 고르게 섞여있는 것은 모두 용액 이라고 한다.) 액체나 기체 등의 물질에 다른 물질이 섞여 들어가 그 조성이 위치에 상관없이 균질하게 된 것을 말한다. 이때 용액의 대부분을 이루는, 용액의 매체가 되는 물질을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EB%A7%A4" title="용매">용매</a>라고 하며, 용매에 섞여 들어가는 물질을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="용질">용질</a>이라고 한다. 용질이 용매에 섞여 들어가는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%B4" title="용해">용해</a>는 반드시 화학적 변화를 수반하지는 않지만, 그 과정에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="계 (물리학)">계</a>에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-disambig" title="자유 에너지">자유 에너지</a>의 출입이 일어난다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="용액의_조성"><span id=".EC.9A.A9.EC.95.A1.EC.9D.98_.EC.A1.B0.EC.84.B1"></span>용액의 조성</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 용액의 조성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>앞서 언급했듯이, 용액은 용매와 용질로 나눌 수 있다. 조성에 대해 살펴보면, 먼저 일반적인 <b>질량 퍼센트</b> 가 있다. 이는 각 성분 물질의 질량 퍼센트로 정의한다. 다음으로, 화학에서 자주 쓰이는 <b><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%B6%84%EC%9C%A8" title="몰분율">몰분율</a></b>이라는 척도가 있다. 세 번째로, 용액에서는 보통 농도의 척도를 사용하는데, SI단위인 단위 부피당 몰 수는 화학에서는 불편하므로 1L당 용질의 몰 수로 정의한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%86%8D%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="몰농도">몰농도</a>를 사용한다. 마지막으로, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%9E%84%EB%86%8D%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="몰랄농도">몰랄농도</a>란 농도의 척도가 있는데, 이는 용매의 단위 질량당 용질의 몰 수로 정의된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="용액의_총괄성"><span id=".EC.9A.A9.EC.95.A1.EC.9D.98_.EC.B4.9D.EA.B4.84.EC.84.B1"></span>용액의 총괄성</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 용액의 총괄성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><b>이상 용액</b></dt></dl> <p>용질과 용질 사이, 용매와 용매 사이, 용매와 용질 사이의 인력이 동일한 용액을 이상 용액이라고 하는데, 이 이상 용액에서 위의 '용액의 총괄성'이 성립한다. 이상 용액의 조건을 만족하게 되면, 용질의 종류에는 상관 없이 용질의 양(농도)에 따라서 용액의 성질이 결정되게 된다. 즉, 물질을 구성하는 분자의 종류와는 상관없이 그 수에 의해서 성질이 결정된다. 이는 다음의 네 가지 특성의 원인이 된다. </p> <ul><li>순수한 용매에 대한 비휘발성 용질이 용해된 용액의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95" class="mw-redirect" title="증기압">증기압</a> 내림</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%81%93%EB%8A%94%EC%A0%90" title="끓는점">끓는점</a> 오름</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%94%EC%A0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="어는점">어는점</a> 내림</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="삼투">삼투</a> 현상</li></ul> <p>이를 용액의 총괄성이라 부르며, 용질의 종류에 상관 없이 농도에만 의존하는 용액의 특성값들이다. </p> <ul><li><b>순수한 용매에 대한 비휘발성 용질이 용해된 용액의 증기압 내림</b></li></ul> <p>증발은 용매, 혹은 용액의 표면에서 일어난다. 증기압이란, 어떤 온도에서 용매의 기화<->액화 현상이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%A0%81_%ED%8F%89%ED%98%95_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="동적 평형 상태">동적 평형 상태</a>를 이룰 때의 증발된 용매가 나타내는 압력이다. 증발은 용매가 기화되는 현상이기 때문에, 용액은 순수한 용매에 비하여 비휘발성, 비전해질 용질이 용해된 용액은 표면에 용질 입자가 존재하는 만큼 증발이 줄어든다. 그 이유는 용매만 있는 경우에는 표면에서 용매 분자가 용액의 모든 표면으로부터 증발을 하지만, 용질의 입자수가 많으면 많을수록 용질이 차지하는 상대적인 표면 면적이 넓어져서 용매 분자의 증발을 방해하기 때문이다. 그럼으로 결국 증기압이 낮아지게 된다. 이 현상이 증기압 내림이며, 증기압 내림의 효과를 식으로 나타내어 보면, </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ P=P_{0}(1-X_{s})\ }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ P=P_{0}(1-X_{s})\ }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2216eb5b40494f8f6308c3d2a669a814d67385ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.915ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ P=P_{0}(1-X_{s})\ }}}"></span> (X<sub>s</sub> : 용질의 몰 분율)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>이다. 위의 식은 이전의 설명으로부터 쉽게 이해할 수 있다. </p> <ul><li><b>끓는점 오름</b></li></ul> <p>끓는점 오름의 현상은 증기압 내림의 설명으로부터 이해할 수 있다. 특정 온도에서 용액의 증기압이 내려간다는 것은, 순수한 용매의 끓는점에서의 증기압이 1기압이 되지 못한다는 것이다. 이 뜻은, 온도가 기존 끓는점보다 더 높아야 용액의 증기압이 1기압이 되고, 용액이 끓을 수 있다는 의미이다. 끓는점 오름의 식은 다음과 같이 나타난다. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ T_{b}=K_{b}*m_{s}\ }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ T_{b}=K_{b}*m_{s}\ }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed11c7c8f3e455bb469e54151182cb9eb244f7a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.049ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ T_{b}=K_{b}*m_{s}\ }}}"></span> m<sub>s</sub> : 용질의 몰랄농도</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>이 때, T<sub>b</sub>는 끓는점 오름이고, K<sub>b</sub>는 끓는점 오름 상수이다. </p> <ul><li><b>어는점 내림</b></li></ul> <p>어는점의 정의 또한, 화학적으로 해석하여 보면 용액의 증기압과 용액의 고체상태의 증기압이 같아지는 순간이라고 볼 수 있다. 이 때, 용액의 고체상태는 순수한 용매만으로 이루어지므로 온도에 따른 증기압 곡선이 그대로이고, 용액은 온도에 따른 증기압 곡선이 y축의 음의 방향으로 이동한 모양이기 때문에 마찬가지 원리로 이번에는 용액에서 어는점이 낮아지게 된다. 이를 식으로 나타내면, </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ T_{f}=K_{f}*m_{s}\ }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ T_{f}=K_{f}*m_{s}\ }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09a82ae09e5e89747eb432bb482e5d9154974b19" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.445ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ T_{f}=K_{f}*m_{s}\ }}}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>T<sub>f</sub>는 어는점 내림이고, K<sub>f</sub>는 어는점 내림 상수이다. </p><p>몰랄농도는 용질의 몰수와 비례하는 값이므로, 끓는점 오름과 어는점 내림 현상 역시 증기 압력 내림과 마찬가지로 용질의 양에 비례하는 총괄성을 나타내는 성질 중의 하나라고 할 수 있다. </p> <ul><li><b>삼투압</b></li></ul> <p>기본적인 내용은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="삼투">삼투</a>를 참조하라. 삼투 현상은 반투막이 있을 때 평형으로 가는 과정이다. 반투막이 없다면 용질이 이동하여 평형을 이루겠지만, 이게 반투막에 의하여 불가능하니 용매가 이동하게 되는 것이다. 이 때, 반투막 사이의 압력은 삼투압으로 표현이 되는데, 삼투압의 식은 <b>Π = CRT</b> 로 나타난다. </p> <ul><li><b>용액의 총괄성의 이용</b></li></ul> <p><br /> 총괄성은 분자량을 결정하는데 이용된다. 순수한 용매에서의 증기압 내림, 끓는점 오름 등의 성질을 측정한 후, 일정 농도의 용질을 첨가한 용액에서 같은 성질을 측정, 비교해서 비휘발성 용질의 분자량을 구할 수 있기 때문이다. 고분자 물질의 분자량을 구하고자 할 때는 삼투압을 이용해서 구하기도 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="묽은_용액"><span id=".EB.AC.BD.EC.9D.80_.EC.9A.A9.EC.95.A1"></span>묽은 용액</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 묽은 용액"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>설탕을 물에 녹였을 때, 설탕의 양이 적은 묽은 용액의 경우는 겉으로 보기에는 물과 조금도 다르지 않다. 그러나 설탕을 많이 녹이면 시럽 상태가 되어 끈적끈적해진다. 이와 같이, 용액은 묽을 때와 진할 때 그 성질이 달라진다. 묽은 용액에 대해서는 지금까지 많이 연구되어 용질의 종류가 달라도 공통적인 성질을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solutions?uselang=ko">용액</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%B4" title="용해">용해</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>》, 〈묽은 용액의 성질〉</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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