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mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div 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id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Point-to-Point+Protocol" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Point-to-Point+Protocol" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Point-to-Point+Protocol" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Point-to-Point+Protocol" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descripció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descripció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descripció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funcionament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funcionament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Funcionament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funcionament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PPP_versus_SLIP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PPP_versus_SLIP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>PPP versus SLIP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PPP_versus_SLIP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordres_configuració_PPP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordres_configuració_PPP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ordres configuració PPP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordres_configuració_PPP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Point-to-Point Protocol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 38 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بروتوكول الربط بين نقطتين - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول الربط بين نقطتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(protokol)" title="PPP (protokol) - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PPP (protokol)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87" title="قرارداد نقطه‌به‌نقطه - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قرارداد نقطه‌به‌نقطه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(tiedonsiirtoprotokolla)" title="PPP (tiedonsiirtoprotokolla) - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PPP (tiedonsiirtoprotokolla)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%90_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%9C" title="점대점 프로토콜 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="점대점 프로토콜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Протокол за директно поврзување на два мрежни јазла - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протокол за директно поврзување на два мрежни јазла" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="PPP (сетевой протокол) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PPP (сетевой протокол)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_od_to%C4%8Dke_do_to%C4%8Dke" title="Protokol od točke do točke - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protokol od točke do točke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5" title="พีพีพี - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีพีพี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protokol" title="Point-to-Point Protokol - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Point-to-Point Protokol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(giao_th%E1%BB%A9c)" title="PPP (giao thức) - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="PPP (giao thức)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol - ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="点对点协议 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="点对点协议" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215179#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Point-to-Point_Protocol" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&oldid=31523594" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Point-to-Point_Protocol&id=31523594&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoint-to-Point_Protocol"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoint-to-Point_Protocol"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Point-to-Point+Protocol"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Point-to-point_protocol" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215179" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:#202122;background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP">Model TCP/IP</a><br /><span style="font-size:75%;">per <a href="/wiki/Capa_d%27abstracci%C3%B3_de_maquinari" title="Capa d'abstracció de maquinari">capes</a></span></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;text-align:left">5. <a href="/wiki/Capa_d%27aplicaci%C3%B3" title="Capa d'aplicació">Capa d'aplicació</a></div><div class="NavContent hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_de_transfer%C3%A8ncia_d%27hipertext" title="Protocol de transferència d'hipertext">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_de_transfer%C3%A8ncia_de_fitxers" title="Protocol de transferència de fitxers">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_trivial_de_transfer%C3%A8ncia_de_fitxers" title="Protocol trivial de transferència de fitxers">TFTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS i SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transport_Protocol" title="Network News Transport Protocol">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="Server Message Block">SMB/CIFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher" title="Gopher">Gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Protocol" title="Real Time Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Control_Protocol" title="Real Time Control Protocol">RTCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_d%27inici_de_sessi%C3%B3" title="Protocol d'inici de sessió">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Messaging_and_Presence_Protocol" title="Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol">XMPP</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;text-align:left">4. <a href="/wiki/Capa_de_transport" title="Capa de transport">Capa de transport</a></div><div class="NavContent hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequenced_Packet_Exchange" title="Sequenced Packet Exchange">SPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBIOS" title="NetBIOS">NetBIOS</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;text-align:left">3. <a href="/wiki/Capa_de_xarxa" title="Capa de xarxa">Capa de xarxa</a></div><div class="NavContent hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_d%27Internet" title="Protocol d'Internet">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" class="mw-redirect" title="IPv4">IPv4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv5" title="IPv5">IPv5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGMP" class="mw-redirect" title="IGMP">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internetwork_Packet_Exchange" title="Internetwork Packet Exchange">IPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBIOS" title="NetBIOS">NetBEUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;text-align:left">2. <a href="/wiki/Capa_d%27enlla%C3%A7_de_dades" title="Capa d'enllaç de dades">Capa d'enllaç de dades</a></div><div class="NavContent hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_invers_de_resoluci%C3%B3_d%27adreces" title="Protocol invers de resolució d'adreces">RARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode" title="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnia_Digital_d%27Abonat" title="Línia Digital d'Abonat">DSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_Relay" title="Frame Relay">Frame Relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDLC" title="HDLC">HDLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">NDP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIP" title="SLIP">SLIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Token Ring">Token Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;text-align:left">1. <a href="/wiki/Capa_f%C3%ADsica" title="Capa física">Capa física</a></div><div class="NavContent hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_coaxial" title="Cable coaxial">Cable coaxial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_de_fibra_%C3%B2ptica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable de fibra òptica">Cable de fibra òptica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_de_parells_trenats" title="Cable de parells trenats">Cable de parells trenats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microones" title="Microones">Microones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A0dio" title="Ràdio">Ràdio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Xarxes_inform%C3%A0tiques" title="Categoria:Xarxes informàtiques">Xarxes informàtiques</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Barra_lateral_amb_llistes_plegables" title="Plantilla:Barra lateral amb llistes plegables"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Point-to-point Protocol</b> (en català <i>Protocol punt a punt</i>), també conegut pel seu acrònim <b>PPP</b>, és un protocol de <a href="/wiki/Nivell_d%27enlla%C3%A7_de_dades" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivell d'enllaç de dades">nivell d'enllaç</a> estandarditzat en el <a href="/wiki/Document_RFC" title="Document RFC">document</a> <a href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1661" class="extiw" title="rfc:1661">RFC 1661</a>. Per tant, es tracta d'un protocol associat a la pila <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> d'ús en <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripció"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3"></span>Descripció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Descripció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El PPP permet establir una comunicació a <a href="/wiki/Xarxes_punt_a_punt" class="mw-redirect" title="Xarxes punt a punt"> nivell de la capa d'enllaç TCP/IP</a> entre dos <a href="/wiki/Ordinador" title="Ordinador">ordinadors</a>. Generalment, s'utilitza per establir la connexió a Internet d'un particular amb el seu <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISP_(Internet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISP (Internet) (encara no existeix)"> proveïdor d'accés</a> a través d'un <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2dem" title="Mòdem">mòdem</a> telefònic. Ocasionalment també és utilitzat sobre connexions de banda ampla (com <a href="/w/index.php?title=PPPoE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPPoE (encara no existeix)">PPPoE</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=PPPoA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPPoA (encara no existeix)">PPPoA</a>). A més del simple transport de dades, PPP facilita dues funcions importants: </p> <ul><li><i> Autenticació</i>. Generalment mitjançant una clau d'accés.</li> <li><i> Assignació dinàmica d'IP</i>. Els proveïdors d'accés tenen un nombre limitat d'<a href="/wiki/Adre%C3%A7a_IP" title="Adreça IP">adreces IP</a> i compten amb més clients que adreces. Naturalment, no tots els clients es connecten a la vegada. Així, és possible assignar una adreça IP a cada client en el moment en què es connecten al proveïdor. L'adreça IP es conserva fins que acaba la connexió per PPP. Posteriorment, pot ser assignada a un altre client.</li></ul> <p>PPP també té altres usos, per exemple, s'utilitza per establir la comunicació entre un mòdem <a href="/wiki/ADSL" class="mw-redirect" title="ADSL">ADSL</a> i la passarel·la <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode" title="Asynchronous Transfer Mode"> ATM</a> de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operador_de_telecomunicacions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operador de telecomunicacions (encara no existeix)">operador de telecomunicacions</a>. </p><p>També s'ha utilitzat per connectar a treballadors desplaçats (p. ex. <a href="/wiki/Ordinador_port%C3%A0til" title="Ordinador portàtil">ordinador portàtil</a>) amb les seves oficines a través d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_d%27acc%C3%A9s_remot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre d'accés remot (encara no existeix)">centre d'accés remot</a> de la seva empresa. Encara que està aplicació s'està abandonant en favor de les <a href="/wiki/Xarxa_privada_virtual" title="Xarxa privada virtual"> xarxes privades virtuals</a>, més segures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funcionament">Funcionament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Funcionament"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:PPPPhaseDiagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PPPPhaseDiagram.svg/400px-PPPPhaseDiagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PPPPhaseDiagram.svg/600px-PPPPhaseDiagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PPPPhaseDiagram.svg/800px-PPPPhaseDiagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Protocol PPP.</figcaption></figure> <p>PPP consta de les següents fases: </p> <ol><li><i> Establiment de connexió</i>. Durant aquesta fase, un ordinador contacta amb l'altra i negocien els paràmetres relatius a l'enllaç usant el protocol <a href="/wiki/LCP" title="LCP">LCP</a>. Aquest protocol és una part fonamental de PPP i per això està definit en el mateix <a href="/wiki/Document_RFC" title="Document RFC">document RFC</a>. Usant LCP es negocia el mètode d'<a href="/wiki/Autenticaci%C3%B3" title="Autenticació">autenticació</a> que s'utilitzarà, la mida dels datagrames, nombres màgics per utilitzar durant l'autenticació, ...</li> <li><i> Autenticació</i>. No és obligatori. Hi ha dos protocols d'autenticació. El més bàsic i insegur és <a href="/wiki/PAP" class="mw-disambig" title="PAP">PAP</a>, encara que no es recomana, ja que mana el nom d'usuari i la contrasenya en clar. Un mètode més avançat i preferit per molts ISPs és <a href="/w/index.php?title=CHAP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CHAP (encara no existeix)">CHAP</a>, en el qual la contrasenya s'envia xifrada.</li> <li><i> Configuració de xarxa</i>. En aquesta fase es negocien paràmetres dependents del protocol de xarxa que s'estigui utilitzant. PPP pot portar molts protocols de xarxa al mateix temps i és necessari configurar individualment cada un d'aquests protocols. Per configurar un protocol de xarxa s'usa el protocol <a href="/wiki/NCP" class="mw-disambig" title="NCP">NCP</a> corresponent. Per exemple, si la xarxa és <a href="/wiki/Protocol_IP" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol IP"> IP</a>, s'usa el protocol <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCP (encara no existeix)">IPCP</a> per assignar l'adreça IP del client i els seus servidors <a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a>.</li> <li><i> Transmissió</i>. Durant aquesta fase es mana i rep la informació de xarxa. LCP s'encarrega de comprovar que la línia està activa durant períodes d'inactivitat. Observeu que PPP no proporciona xifrat de dades.</li> <li><i> Terminació</i>. La connexió pot ser finalitzada en qualsevol moment i per qualsevol motiu.</li></ol> <p>PPP té totes les propietats d'un protocol de nivell d'enllaç: </p> <ul><li>Garantia de recepció.</li> <li>Recepció ordenada</li> <li>Ús del port 53 per connexió bidireccional de sockets.</li> <li>Usat en els balancejadors de càrrega (Load Balanç LB) com protocol de distribució.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PPP_versus_SLIP">PPP versus SLIP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: PPP versus SLIP"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El protocol <a href="/wiki/SLIP" title="SLIP">SLIP</a> compleix la mateixa funció que PPP, però es tracta d'un protocol molt més antiquat. Els avantatges de PPP sobre SLIP són: </p> <ul><li>Permet la connexió tant mitjançant línies síncrones com asíncrones.</li> <li>Permet l'assignació dinàmica d'adreces IP en ambdós extrems de la línia.</li> <li>Permet el transport de diversos protocols de xarxa sobre ell (SLIP només permet IP).</li> <li>Implementa un mecanisme de control de xarxa <a href="/wiki/NCP" class="mw-disambig" title="NCP">NCP</a>.</li></ul> <p>El PPP es pot utilitzar també per crear <a href="/wiki/Xarxa_privada_virtual" title="Xarxa privada virtual">Xarxa privada virtual</a> (XPV - [VPN], Virtual Private Networks en anglès tant xifrades com no xifrades, però si es desitja xifrat, s'ha d'implementar per sota de PPP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordres_configuració_PPP"><span id="Ordres_configuraci.C3.B3_PPP"></span>Ordres configuració PPP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Ordres configuració PPP"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El protocol ppp es configura amb els següents comandaments en cisco: </p> <ul><li>Router (config-if) #encapptulation ppp</li> <li>Router (config-if) #ppp authentication pap</li> <li>Router (config-if) #ppp authentication chap</li></ul> <p>    Ordres de verificació: </p> <ul><li>Router # show interface</li> <li>Router # debug ppp authentication</li> <li>Router # undebug ppp authentication (eliminar depuració de ppp)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_(inform%C3%A0tica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (informàtica)"> Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xarxa_punt_a_punt" title="Xarxa punt a punt">Xarxa punt a punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xarxa_privada_virtual" title="Xarxa privada virtual">Xarxa privada virtual</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&oldid=31523594">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Point-to-Point_Protocol&oldid=31523594</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Protocols_de_nivell_d%27enlla%C3%A7_de_dades" title="Categoria:Protocols de nivell d'enllaç de dades">Protocols de nivell d'enllaç de dades</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 8 abr 2023 a les 11:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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