CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: soluble polymers</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: soluble polymers"> <meta name="keywords" content="soluble polymers"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="soluble polymers" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="soluble polymers"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1126</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: soluble polymers</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> Application of Water Soluble Polymers in Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shahzad%20Kamal">M. Shahzad Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Sultan"> Abdullah S. Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usamah%20A.%20Al-Mubaiyedh"> Usamah A. Al-Mubaiyedh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibnelwaleed%20A.%20Hussein"> Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil recovery from reservoirs using conventional oil recovery techniques like water flooding is less than 20%. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are applied to recover additional oil. Surfactant-polymer flooding is a promising EOR technique used to recover residual oil from reservoirs. Water soluble polymers are used to increase the viscosity of displacing fluids. Surfactants increase the capillary number by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and displacing fluid. Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is widely used in polymer flooding applications due to its low cost and other desirable properties. HPAM works well in low-temperature and low salinity-environment. In the presence of salts HPAM viscosity decrease due to charge screening effect and it can precipitate at high temperatures in the presence of salts. Various strategies have been adopted to extend the application of water soluble polymers to high-temperature high-salinity (HTHS) reservoir. These include addition of monomers to acrylamide chain that can protect it against thermal hydrolysis. In this work, rheological properties of various water soluble polymers were investigated to find out suitable polymer and surfactant-polymer systems for HTHS reservoirs. Polymer concentration ranged from 0.1 to 1 % (w/v). Effect of temperature, salinity and polymer concentration was investigated using both steady shear and dynamic measurements. Acrylamido tertiary butyl sulfonate based copolymer showed better performance under HTHS conditions compared to HPAM. Moreover, thermoviscosifying polymer showed excellent rheological properties and increase in the viscosity was observed with increase temperature. This property is highly desirable for EOR application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title="rheology">rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylamide" title=" polyacrylamide"> polyacrylamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20oil%20recovery" title=" enhanced oil recovery"> enhanced oil recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20flooding" title=" polymer flooding"> polymer flooding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9556/application-of-water-soluble-polymers-in-chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Synthesis of Telechelic Polymers for Asphalt Pavements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20C%20Arroyo">Paula C Arroyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norma%20A%20S%C3%A1nchez"> Norma A Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20Tlenkopatchev"> Mikhail Tlenkopatchev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuous growth in population has resulted in an increment in road construction. The road construction requires more lasting and resistant pavements. Among the different applications of polymers, the reinforcement of pavements throw the modification of asphalt has demonstrated to be an area of special interest for new polymers. The modified asphalt should exhibit a considerable good performance, good elastic properties and an increment in the performance grade (PG). Some of the current polymers used in asphalt are styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), poly(n-butyl methacrylate)-(glycidyl methacrylate) and ethylene-vinyl acetate EVA. The goal of this study was to synthesize low molecular weight (2,000 – 150,000 D) telechelic polymers to be applied at low concentrations in asphalt in order to modify its rheological properties and make it more resistant and durable. The telechelic polymers were obtained from different molar relationships between tensioned and functionalized olefins by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and cross metathesis (CR). The synthesis was carried out under inert conditions with Grubbs second generation catalyst. The reaction efficiency was superior to 96% and telechelic polymers were characterized. The telechelic polymers were used to modify asphalt and the rheological properties of the modified asphalt were evaluated finding that at low concentrations (1%) the PG increased in one or two degrees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20polymers" title="asphalt polymers">asphalt polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metathesis%20polymers" title=" metathesis polymers"> metathesis polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telechelic%20polymers" title=" telechelic polymers"> telechelic polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20asphalt" title=" modified asphalt"> modified asphalt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43987/synthesis-of-telechelic-polymers-for-asphalt-pavements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Micelles Made of Pseudo-Proteins for Solubilization of Hydrophobic Biologicals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophio%20Kobauri">Sophio Kobauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Tugushi"> David Tugushi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20P.%20Torchilin"> Vladimir P. Torchilin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramaz%20Katsarava"> Ramaz Katsarava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrophobic / hydrophilically modified functional polymers are of high interest in modern biomedicine due to their ability to solubilize water-insoluble / poorly soluble (hydrophobic) drugs. Among the many approaches that are being developed in this direction, one of the most effective methods is the use of polymeric micelles (PMs) (micelles formed by amphiphilic block-copolymers) for solubilization of hydrophobic biologicals. For therapeutic purposes, PMs are required to be stable and biodegradable, although quite a few amphiphilic block-copolymers are described capable of forming stable micelles with good solubilization properties. For obtaining micelle-forming block-copolymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives are desirable to use as hydrophilic shell because it represents the most popular biocompatible hydrophilic block and various hydrophobic blocks (polymers) can be attached to it. Although the construction of the hydrophobic core, due to the complex requirements and micelles structure development, is the very actual and the main problem for nanobioengineers. Considering the above, our research goal was obtaining biodegradable micelles for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs and biologicals. For this purpose, we used biodegradable polymers– pseudo-proteins (PPs)(synthesized with naturally occurring amino acids and other non-toxic building blocks, such as fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids) as hydrophobic core since these polymers showed reasonable biodegradation rates and excellent biocompatibility. In the present study, we used the hydrophobic amino acid – L-phenylalanine (MW 4000-8000Da) instead of L-leucine. Amino-PEG (MW 2000Da) was used as hydrophilic fragments for constructing the suitable micelles. The molecular weight of PP (the hydrophobic core of micelle) was regulated by variation of used monomers ratios. Micelles were obtained by dissolving of synthesized amphiphilic polymer in water. The micelle-forming property was tested using dynamic light scattering (Malvern zetasizer NanoZSZEN3600). The study showed that obtaining amphiphilic block-copolymer form stable neutral micelles 100 ± 7 nm in size at 10mg/mL concentration, which is considered as an optimal range for pharmaceutical micelles. The obtained preliminary data allow us to conclude that the obtained micelles are suitable for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and biologicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acid%20%E2%80%93%20L-phenylalanine" title="amino acid – L-phenylalanine">amino acid – L-phenylalanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo-proteins" title=" pseudo-proteins"> pseudo-proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphiphilic%20block-copolymers" title=" amphiphilic block-copolymers"> amphiphilic block-copolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20micelles" title=" biodegradable micelles"> biodegradable micelles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109290/micelles-made-of-pseudo-proteins-for-solubilization-of-hydrophobic-biologicals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> The Effects of Acid Rain, Smog Cars on Antioxidant Systems, Associated Enzyme and H⁺-ATPase Activity in Rice Cultivars (Oriza sativa L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heidarali%20Malmir">Heidarali Malmir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of acid rain (AR), smog’s cars (SC), and combined AR+SC on the antioxidants enzymes, lipid-soluble antioxidants, and water-soluble antioxidants were studied in the two cultivars of rice. The results showed that simulated AR significantly increased the total glutathione (TGSH), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and α-tocopherol, accompanied by decreases in dry weight and leaves area in the two cultivars, and this change was more obvious in Shirudi cultivar than in Aus cultivar (p≤0.05). Under SC stress cultivar shirudi had higher H+-ATPase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and catalase (CAT) activities than cultivar Aus. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, TGSH, and α-tocopherol levels affected by AR treatments were very different to those of SOD activity, TGSH, and α-tocopherol levels, as shown in SC treatment. It seems that SOD activity coupled with the water-soluble antioxidants and α-tocopherol levels correlated with the lipid-soluble antioxidants. It is suggested that α-tocopherol increases H+-ATPase activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%2B-ATPase" title="H+-ATPase">H+-ATPase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20permeability" title=" membrane permeability"> membrane permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20soluble%20antioxidants" title=" lipid soluble antioxidants"> lipid soluble antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20soluble%20antioxidants" title=" water soluble antioxidants"> water soluble antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20enzyme" title=" associated enzyme"> associated enzyme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168521/the-effects-of-acid-rain-smog-cars-on-antioxidant-systems-associated-enzyme-and-h-atpase-activity-in-rice-cultivars-oriza-sativa-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Eradication of Gram-Positive Bacteria by Photosensitizers Immobilized in Polymers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Nisnevitch">Marina Nisnevitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Valkov"> Anton Valkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faina%20Nakonechny"> Faina Nakonechny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20Adar%20Raik"> Kate Adar Raik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamit%20Mualem"> Yamit Mualem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photosensitizers are dye compounds belonging to various chemical groups that in all the cases have a developed structure of conjugated double bonds. Under illumination with visible light, the photosensitizers are excited and transfer the absorbed energy to the oxygen dissolved in an aqueous phase, leading to production of a reactive oxygen species which cause irreversible damage to bacterial cells. When immobilized onto a solid phase, photosensitizers preserve their antibacterial properties. In the present study, photosensitizers were immobilized in polyethylene or propylene and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive S. aureus, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus sp. For this purpose, water-soluble photosensitizers, Rose Bengal sodium salt, and methylene blue as well as water-insoluble hematoporphyrin and Rose Bengal lactone, were immobilized by dissolution in melted polymers to yield 3 mm diameter rods and 3-5 mm beads. All four photosensitizers were found to be effective in the eradication of Gram-positive bacteria under illumination by a white luminescent lamp or sunlight. The immobilized photosensitizers can be applied for continuous water disinfection; they can be easily removed at the end of the treatment and reused. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20polymers" title="antimicrobial polymers">antimicrobial polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-positive%20bacteria" title=" gram-positive bacteria"> gram-positive bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization%20of%20photosensitizers" title=" immobilization of photosensitizers"> immobilization of photosensitizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodynamic%20antibacterial%20activity" title=" photodynamic antibacterial activity"> photodynamic antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46641/eradication-of-gram-positive-bacteria-by-photosensitizers-immobilized-in-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> The Effect of Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) and Hydrophobically-Modified Alkali Soluble Emulsions (HASE) on the Properties and Quality of Water Based Paints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleden%20Chiririwa">Haleden Chiririwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandile%20S.%20Gwebu"> Sandile S. Gwebu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coatings industry is a million dollar business, and it is easy and inexpensive to set-up but it is growing very slowly in developing countries, and this study developed a paint formulation which gives better quality and good application properties. The effect of rheology modifiers, i.e. non-ionic polymers hydrophobically-modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR), anionic polymers hydrophobically-modified alkali soluble emulsions (HASE) and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC) on the quality and properties of water-based paints have been investigated. HEC provides the in-can viscosity and increases open working time while HASE improves application properties like spatter resistance and brush loading and HEUR provides excellent scrub resistance. Four paint recipes were prepared using four different thickeners HEC, HASE (carbopol) and Cellulose nitrate. The fourth formulation was thickened with a combination of HASE and HEC, this aimed at improving quality and at the same time reducing cost. The four samples were tested for quality tests such viscosity, sag resistance, volatile matter, tinter effect, drying times, hiding power, scrub resistance and stability on storage. Environmental factors were incorporated in the attempt to formulate an economic and green product. Hydroxyl ethyl cellulose and cellulose nitrate gave high quality and good properties of the paint. HEC and Cellulose nitrate showed stability on storage whereas carbopol thickener was very unstable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title="properties">properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickeners" title=" thickeners"> thickeners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology%20modifiers" title=" rheology modifiers"> rheology modifiers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20based%20paints" title=" water based paints"> water based paints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53910/the-effect-of-hydroxyl-ethyl-cellulose-hec-and-hydrophobically-modified-alkali-soluble-emulsions-hase-on-the-properties-and-quality-of-water-based-paints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Rheological Properties of PP/EVA Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Othman%20Y.%20Alothman">Othman Y. Alothman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to investigate the effects of blend ratio, VA content and temperature on the rheological properties of PPEVA blends. The results show that all pure polymers and their blends show typical shear thinning behaviour. All neat polymers exhibit power-low type flow behaviour, with the viscosity order as EVA328 > EVA206 > PP in almost all frequency ranges. As temperature increases, the viscosity of all polymers decreases as expected, and the viscosity becomes more sensitive to the addition of EVA. Two different regions can be observed on the flow curve of some of the polymers and their blends, which is thought to be due to slip-stick transition or melt fracture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene" title="polypropylene">polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20vinyl%20acetate" title=" ethylene vinyl acetate"> ethylene vinyl acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blends" title=" blends"> blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheological%20properties" title=" rheological properties"> rheological properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7141/rheological-properties-of-ppeva-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Investigation of the Effect of Phosphorous on the Flame Retardant Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Y%C4%B1lmaz">Mustafa Yılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Akar"> Ahmet Akar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrin%20K%C3%B6ken"> Nesrin Köken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilg%C3%BCn%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lcan"> Nilgün Kızılcan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commercially available poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) P(AN-VA) or poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) P(AN-MA) are not satisfactory to meet the demand in flame and fire-resistance. In this work, vinylphosphonic acid is used during polymerization of acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid to produce fire-retardant polymers. These phosphorus containing polymers are successfully spun in the form of nanofibers. Properties such as water absorption of polymers are also determined and compared with commercial polymers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardant" title="flame retardant">flame retardant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylonitrile" title=" polyacrylonitrile"> polyacrylonitrile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorous%20compound" title=" phosphorous compound"> phosphorous compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101411/investigation-of-the-effect-of-phosphorous-on-the-flame-retardant-polyacrylonitrile-nanofiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Bioassay Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Components from Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Cassia sieberiana D.C. (Fabaceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sani%20Abubakar">Sani Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oumar%20Al-Mubarak%20Adoum"> Oumar Al-Mubarak Adoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The leaves extracts of Cassia sieberiana D. C. were screened for antimicrobial bioassay against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli and cytotoxicity using Brine Shrimp Test (BST). The crude ethanol extract, Chloroform soluble fraction, aqueous soluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, methanol soluble fraction, and n-hexane soluble fraction were tested against antimicrobial and cytotoxicity. The Ethyl acetate fraction obtained proved to be most active in inducing complete lethality at minimum doses in BST and also active on Salmonella typhi. The bioactivity result was used to guide the column chromatography, which led to the isolation of pure compound CSB-8, which was found active in the BST with an LC₅₀ value of 34(722-182)µg/ml and showed remarkable activity on Salmonella typhi (zone of inhibition 25mm) at 10,000µg/ml. The ¹H-NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS spectra of the compound suggested the proposed structure to be 2-pentadecanone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20bioassay" title="antimicrobial bioassay">antimicrobial bioassay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20chromatagraphy" title=" column chromatagraphy"> column chromatagraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassia%20sieberiana%20D.C." title=" Cassia sieberiana D.C."> Cassia sieberiana D.C.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187049/bioassay-guided-isolation-of-cytotoxic-and-antimicrobial-components-from-ethyl-acetate-extracts-of-cassia-sieberiana-dc-fabaceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> The Application of Polymers in Enhanced Oil Recovery: Recent Trends </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20M.%20Rudd">Reza M. Rudd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Saeedi"> Ali Saeedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Wood"> Colin Wood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the latest advancements made in the applications of polymers in the enhanced hydrocarbon recovery technologies are investigated. For this purpose, different classes of polymers are reviewed and the latest progresses made in making them suitable for application under harsh reservoir conditions are discussed. The main reservoir conditions whose effects are taken into account include the temperature, rock mineralogy and brine salinity and composition. For profile modification and blocking the thief zones, polymers are used in the form of nanocomposite hydrogels. Polymers are also used as thickeners during CO2 flooding. Also, they are used in enhanced gas recovery, to inhibit the mixing of injection gas with the in-situ natural gas. This review covers the main types of polymers, their functions and the challenges in their applications, some of which are mentioned above. Included in this review are also the latest progresses made in the development of new polymeric surfactants used for surfactant flooding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOR" title="EOR">EOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGR" title=" EGR"> EGR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20flooding" title=" polymer flooding"> polymer flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profile%20modification" title=" profile modification"> profile modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20control" title=" mobility control"> mobility control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite%20hydrogels" title=" nanocomposite hydrogels"> nanocomposite hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20flooding" title=" CO2 flooding"> CO2 flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20surfactants" title=" polymeric surfactants"> polymeric surfactants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58545/the-application-of-polymers-in-enhanced-oil-recovery-recent-trends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Uniaxial Alignment and Ion Exchange Doping to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of Organic Polymers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjin%20Zhu">Wenjin Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20E.%20Jacobs"> Ian E. Jacobs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henning%20Sirringhaus"> Henning Sirringhaus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project delves into the efficiency of uniaxial alignment and ion exchange doping as methods to optimize the thermoelectric properties of organic polymers. The anisotropic nature of charge transport in conjugated polymers is capitalized upon through the uniaxial alignment of polymer backbones, ensuring charge transport is streamlined along these backbones. Ion exchange doping has demonstrated superiority over traditional molecular and electrochemical doping methods, amplifying charge carrier densities. By integrating these two techniques, we've observed marked improvements in the thermoelectric attributes of specific conjugated polymers such as PBTTT and DPP based polymers. We demonstrate respectable power factors of 172.6 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² in PBTTT system and 41.7 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² in DPP system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20electronics" title="organic electronics">organic electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectrics" title=" thermoelectrics"> thermoelectrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniaxial%20alignment" title=" uniaxial alignment"> uniaxial alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange%20doping" title=" ion exchange doping"> ion exchange doping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178330/uniaxial-alignment-and-ion-exchange-doping-to-enhance-the-thermoelectric-properties-of-organic-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Polymer Application in Fashion and Textile Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Karimi">Fatemeh Karimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fashion and textile industry is undergoing a profound transformation, with polymers playing an increasingly pivotal role in driving innovation and sustainability. This paper explores the application of polymers in fashion and textile engineering, focusing on their impact on material properties, sustainability, and the future of garment production. Polymers, both synthetic and bio-based, offer unique opportunities to enhance the performance, durability, and environmental footprint of textiles. By examining recent advancements in polymer science and their integration into fashion design and production, we provide insights into how these materials are reshaping the industry. This paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of polymers, particularly in the context of sustainable fashion and circular economy practices. Through case studies and industry examples, we highlight the innovative ways in which polymers are being utilized to meet the evolving demands of consumers and the industry's sustainability goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20textiles" title="polymer textiles">polymer textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20fashion" title=" sustainable fashion"> sustainable fashion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-based%20polymers" title=" bio-based polymers"> bio-based polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20textiles" title=" smart textiles"> smart textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion%20innovation" title=" fashion innovation"> fashion innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20engineering" title=" textile engineering"> textile engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189915/polymer-application-in-fashion-and-textile-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Symmetric Polymerization with Dynamical Resolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muddser%20Ghaffar">Muddser Ghaffar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In material science, synthetic chiral polymers are becoming increasingly significant due to their distinct properties that distinguish them from other polymer materials. One special technique for producing well-defined chiral polymers is asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization (AKRP), which adds stereo regularity to a polymer chain by the kinetic resolution of a race mate preferentially polymerizing one enantiomer. Apart from making it possible to characterize chiral polymers enantioselective, AKRP can synthesize chiral polymers with high stereo selectivity. This review includes the literature on the use of enzymes, chiral metal complexes, and organ catalysts as AKRP promoters. One enantiomer reacts more quickly than the other in this kind of polymerisation, quickly entering the expanding polymer chain, while the kinetically less reactive enantiomer stays unreactive and is readily separated using straightforward purification techniques. The degree of chiral induction and overall chirality of the chiral polymers that are generated may be assessed using the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the initial monomer, which is frequently determined by chiral HPLC analysis, throughout the polymerisation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereo%20regularity" title="stereo regularity">stereo regularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamical" title=" dynamical"> dynamical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric" title=" symmetric"> symmetric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193168/symmetric-polymerization-with-dynamical-resolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Optimization of Moisture Content for Highest Tensile Strength of Instant Soluble Milk Tablet and Flowability of Milk Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddharth%20Vishwakarma">Siddharth Vishwakarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danie%20Shajie%20A."> Danie Shajie A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mishra%20H.%20N."> Mishra H. N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Milk powder becomes very useful in the low milk supply area but the exact amount to add for one glass of milk and the handling is difficult. So, the idea of instant soluble milk tablet comes into existence for its high solubility and easy handling. The moisture content of milk tablets is increased by the direct addition of water with no additives for binding. The variation of the tensile strength of instant soluble milk tablets and the flowability of milk powder with the moisture content is analyzed and optimized for the highest tensile strength of instant soluble milk tablets and flowability, above a particular value of milk powder using response surface methodology. The flowability value is necessary for ease in quantifying the milk powder, as a feed, in the designed tablet making machine. The instant soluble nature of milk tablets purely depends upon the disintegration characteristic of tablets in water whose study is under progress. Conclusions: The optimization results are very useful in the commercialization of milk tablets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowability" title="flowability">flowability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20powder" title=" milk powder"> milk powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tablet%20making%20machine" title=" tablet making machine"> tablet making machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101034/optimization-of-moisture-content-for-highest-tensile-strength-of-instant-soluble-milk-tablet-and-flowability-of-milk-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Rheological Modeling for Shape-Memory Thermoplastic Polymers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hosseini">H. Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Berdyshev"> B. V. Berdyshev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Iskopintsev"> I. Iskopintsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a rheological model for producing shape-memory thermoplastic polymers. Shape-memory occurs as a result of internal rearrangement of the structural elements of a polymer. A non-linear viscoelastic model was developed that allows qualitative and quantitative prediction of the stress-strain behavior of shape-memory polymers during heating. This research was done to develop a technique to determine the maximum possible change in size of heat-shrinkable products during heating. The rheological model used in this work was particularly suitable for defining process parameters and constructive parameters of the processing equipment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20deformation" title="elastic deformation">elastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape-memory%20polymers" title=" shape-memory polymers"> shape-memory polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain%20behavior" title=" stress-strain behavior"> stress-strain behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelastic%20model" title=" viscoelastic model"> viscoelastic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34080/rheological-modeling-for-shape-memory-thermoplastic-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Thermodynamics of Chlorination of Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag in Molten Salt for Preparation of TiCl4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Liang">Li Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese titanium iron ore reserves with high calcium and magnesium accounted for more than 90% of the total reserves, and acid-soluble titanium slag which is produced by titanium iron ore always used to produce titanium dioxide through sulphate process. To broad the application range of acid-soluble titanium slag, the feasibility and thermodynamics of chlorinated reaction for preparation TiCl4 by titanium slag chlorination in molten slat were conducted in this paper. The analysis results show that TiCl4 can be obtained by chlorinate the acid-dissolved titanium slag with carbon. Component’s thermodynamics reaction trend is: CaO>MnO>FeO(FeCl2)>MgO>V2O5>Fe2O3>FeO(FeCl3)>TiO2>Al2O3>SiO2 in the standard state. Industrial experimental results are consistent with the thermodynamics analysis, the content of TiCl4 is more than 98% in the production. Fe, Si, V, Al, and other impurity content can satisfy the requirements of production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title="thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid-soluble%20titanium%20slag" title=" acid-soluble titanium slag"> acid-soluble titanium slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation%20of%20TiCl4" title=" preparation of TiCl4"> preparation of TiCl4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorination" title=" chlorination"> chlorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23661/thermodynamics-of-chlorination-of-acid-soluble-titanium-slag-in-molten-salt-for-preparation-of-ticl4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Graded Orientation of the Linear Polymers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levan%20Nadareishvili">Levan Nadareishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roland%20Bakuradze"> Roland Bakuradze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Kilosanidze"> Barbara Kilosanidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nona%20Topuridze"> Nona Topuridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liana%20Sharashidze"> Liana Sharashidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ineza%20Pavlenishvili"> Ineza Pavlenishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some regularities of formation of a new structural state of the thermoplastic polymers-gradually oriented (stretched) state (GOS) are discussed. Transition into GOS is realized by the graded oriented stretching-by action of inhomogeneous mechanical field on the isotropic linear polymers or by zonal stretching that is implemented on a standard tensile-testing machine with using a specially designed zone stretching device (ZSD). Both technical approaches (especially zonal stretching method) allows to manage the such quantitative parameters of gradually oriented polymers as a range of change in relative elongation/orientation degree, length of this change and profile (linear, hyperbolic, parabolic, logarithmic, etc.). Uniaxial graded stretching method should be considered as an effective technological solution to create polymer materials with a predetermined gradient of physical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20graded%20stretching" title="controlled graded stretching">controlled graded stretching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradually%20oriented%20state" title=" gradually oriented state"> gradually oriented state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20polymers" title=" linear polymers"> linear polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zone%20stretching%20device" title=" zone stretching device"> zone stretching device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15320/graded-orientation-of-the-linear-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Impact of Tryptic Limited Hydrolysis on Bambara Protein-Gum Arabic Soluble Complexes Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiola%20A.%20Ojesanmi">Abiola A. Ojesanmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20O.%20Amonsou"> Eric O. Amonsou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formation of soluble complexes is usually within a narrow pH range characterized by weak interactions. Moreover, the rigid conformation of globular proteins restricts the number of charged groups capable of interacting with polysaccharides, thereby limiting food applications. Hence, this study investigated the impact of tryptic-limited hydrolysis on the formation of Bambara protein-gum arabic soluble complexes formation. The electrostatic interactions were monitored through turbidimetry analysis. The Bambara protein hydrolysates at a specified degree of hydrolysis, and DHs (2, 5, and 7.5) were characterized using size exclusion chromatography, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and intrinsic fluorescence. The stability of the complexes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and rheometry. The limited tryptic hydrolysis significantly widened the pH range of the formation of soluble complexes, with DH 5 having a wider range (pH 7.0 - 4.3) compared to DH 2 and DH 7.5, while there was no notable difference in the optimum complexation pH of the insoluble complexes. Larger peptides (140, 118 kDa) were detected in DH 2 relative to 144, 70, and 61 kDa in DH 5, which were larger than 140, 118, 48, and 32 kDa in DH 7. 5. An increase in net negative charge (- 30 Mv for DH 7.5) and a slight shift in the net neutrality (from pH 4.9 to 4.3) of the hydrolysates were observed which consequently impacted the electrostatic interaction with gum arabic. There was exposure of the hydrophobic amino acids up to 4-fold in comparison with the isolate and a red shift in maximum fluorescence wavelength in DH dependent manner following the hydrolysis. The denaturation temperature of the soluble complex from the hydrolysates shifted to higher values, having DH 5 with the maximum temperature (94.24 °C). A highly interconnected gel-like soluble complex network was formed having DH 5 with a better structure relative to DH 2 and 7.5. The study showed the use of limited tryptic hydrolysis at DH 5 as an effective approach to modify Bambara protein and provided a more stable and wider pH range of formation for soluble complex, thereby enhancing the food application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambara%20groundnut" title="Bambara groundnut">Bambara groundnut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gum%20arabic" title=" gum arabic"> gum arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20complex" title=" soluble complex"> soluble complex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186750/impact-of-tryptic-limited-hydrolysis-on-bambara-protein-gum-arabic-soluble-complexes-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Laying Hens' Feed Fortified with Pectin, Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum Aims to Reduce the Cholesterol in Muscle and Egg Yolk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Novia%20Dwi%20Prabandari">Novia Dwi Prabandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diah%20Ayu%20Asmarani"> Diah Ayu Asmarani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soluble fiber can accelerate the metabolism of cholesterol. Pectin and gum has been used in the form of substance additive for material stabilizer and emulsifier. Pectin supplementation in laying hens can decimate the cholesterol content in egg yolk and muscle. Therefore, this laying hens’ feed is regular feed chickens enriched with soluble fiber (Pectin, Xanthan gum, and Guar gum) to produce eggs and muscle with lower cholesterol than usual.The ingredients are mixed in the ratio of concentrate 45%, corn flour 25%, soybean meal 20%, and extract of soluble fiber 10%. Once all the ingredients are mixed and then evaporated with temperature < 80 °C. Then put in the grinding machine resulting in a circular shape with holes 2-3 mm in diameter, after it dried up the water content in the feed is less than 14%. Eggs from laying hen with soluble fiber fortification feed intake will have lower cholesterol levels in eggs than regular feed. So even with the cholesterol content in the muscle, it is because chicken feed fortified with soluble fiber will accelerate the metabolism of cholesterol and cause cholesterol deposits in the chicken less. The use of this kind of laying hens feed is produce eggs with high protein content can be consumed more for people who have hypercholesterolemia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectin" title="pectin">pectin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthan%20gum" title=" xanthan gum"> xanthan gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guar%20gum" title=" guar gum"> guar gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laying%20hen" title=" laying hen"> laying hen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29483/laying-hens-feed-fortified-with-pectin-xanthan-gum-and-guar-gum-aims-to-reduce-the-cholesterol-in-muscle-and-egg-yolk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> d-Block Metal Nanoparticles Confined in Triphenylphosphine Oxide Functionalized Core-Crosslinked Micelles for the Application in Biphasic Hydrogenation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Joseph%20Abou-Fayssal">C. Joseph Abou-Fayssal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Philippot"> K. Philippot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Poli"> R. Poli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Manoury"> E. Manoury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Riisager"> A. Riisager</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of soluble polymer-supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has received significant attention for the ease of catalyst recovery and recycling. Of particular interest are MNPs that are supported on polymers that are either soluble or form stable colloidal dispersion in water, as this allows to combine of the advantages of the aqueous biphasic protocol with the catalytical performances of MNPs. The objective is to achieve good confinement of the catalyst in the nanoreactor cores and, thus, a better catalyst recovery in order to overcome the previously witnessed MNP extraction. Inspired by previous results, we are interested in the design of polymeric nanoreactors functionalized with ligands able to solidly anchor metallic nanoparticles in order to control the activity and selectivity of the developed nanocatalysts. The nanoreactors are core-crosslinked micelles (CCM) synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Varying the nature of the core-linked functionalities allows us to get differently stabilized metal nanoparticles and thus compare their performance in the catalyzed aqueous biphasic hydrogenation of model substrates. Particular attention is given to catalyst recyclability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biphasic%20catalysis" title="biphasic catalysis">biphasic catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20nanoparticles" title=" metal nanoparticles"> metal nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20nanoreactors" title=" polymeric nanoreactors"> polymeric nanoreactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20recovery" title=" catalyst recovery"> catalyst recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAFT%20polymerization" title=" RAFT polymerization"> RAFT polymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158379/d-block-metal-nanoparticles-confined-in-triphenylphosphine-oxide-functionalized-core-crosslinked-micelles-for-the-application-in-biphasic-hydrogenation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Recovery of Polymers from Electronic Waste - An Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20A.%20Ansari">Anis A. Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Javed%20Arif"> Syed Javed Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the last two-three decades, all countries are continuously generating huge quantities of electronic waste in the form of obsolete computers, gadgets and other discarded electronic instruments mainly due to evolution of newer technologies as a result of constant efforts in research and development in this area. This is the primary reason why waste from the electronic industry is increasing exponentially day by day. Thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, which are the major constituents in every electronic waste, may create a new business opportunity if these are recovered and recycled properly. This may reduce our directly dependency on petroleum and petro-products for polymer materials and also create a potential market for recycled polymers to improve economy. The main theme of this paper is to evolve the potential of recovery and recycling of polymers from the waste being generated globally in the form of discarded electronic products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20recovery" title="polymer recovery">polymer recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20waste" title=" electronic waste"> electronic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title=" petroleum"> petroleum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastics" title=" thermoplastics"> thermoplastics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42470/recovery-of-polymers-from-electronic-waste-an-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Dissociation of Hydrophobic Interactions in Whey Protein Polymers: Molecular Characterization Using Dilute Solution Viscometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Eissa">Ahmed S. Eissa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whey represents about 85-95% of the milk volume and about 55% of milk nutrients. Whey proteins are of special importance in formulated foods due to their rich nutritional and functional benefits. Whey proteins form large polymers upon heating to a temperature greater than the denaturation temperature. Hydrophobic interactions play an important role in building whey protein polymers. In this study, dissociation of hydrophobic interactions of whey protein polymers was done by adding Sodium Dodecyl Sulphonate (SDS). At low SDS concentrations, protein polymers were dissociated to smaller chains, as revealed by dilution solution viscometry (DSV). Interestingly, at higher SDS concentrations, polymer molecules got larger in size. Intrinsic viscosity was increased to many folds when raising the SDS concentration from 0.5% to 2%. Complex molecular arrangement leads to the formation of larger macromolecules, due to micelle formation. The study opens a venue for manipulating and enhancing whey protein functional properties by manipulating the hydrophobic interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey%20proteins" title="whey proteins">whey proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20interactions" title=" hydrophobic interactions"> hydrophobic interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDS" title=" SDS"> SDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81422/dissociation-of-hydrophobic-interactions-in-whey-protein-polymers-molecular-characterization-using-dilute-solution-viscometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Study on the Effect of Coupling Fluid Compressible-Deformable Wall on the Flow of Molten Polymers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Driouich">Mohamed Driouich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Gueraoui"> Kamal Gueraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sammouda"> Mohamed Sammouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this work is to establish a numerical code for studying the flow of molten polymers in deformable pipes. Using an iterative numerical method based on finite differences, we determine the profiles of the fluid velocity, the temperature and the apparent viscosity of the fluid. The numerical code presented can also be applied to other industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20code" title="numerical code">numerical code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molten%20polymers" title=" molten polymers"> molten polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformable%20pipes" title=" deformable pipes"> deformable pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20differences" title=" finite differences"> finite differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8493/study-on-the-effect-of-coupling-fluid-compressible-deformable-wall-on-the-flow-of-molten-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Antioxidant Potential of Methanolic Extracts of Four Indian Aromatic Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harleen%20Kaur">Harleen Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richa"> Richa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plants produce a large variety of secondary metabolites. Phenolics are the compounds that contain hydroxyl functional group on an aromatic ring. These are chemically heterogeneous compounds. Some are soluble only in organic solvents, some are water soluble and others are large insoluble polymers. Flavonoids are one of the largest classes of plant phenolics. The carbon skeleton of a flavonoid contains 15 carbons arranged in two aromatic rings connected by a three carbon ridge. Both phenolics and flavonoids are good natural antioxidants. Four Indian aromatic plants were selected for the study i.e, Achillea species, Jasminum primulinum, Leucas cephalotes and Leonotis nepetaefolia. All the plant species were collected from Chail region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The identifying features and anatomical studies were done of the part containing the essential oils. Phenolic cotent was estimated by Folin Ciocalteu’s method and flavonoids content by aluminium chloride method. Antioxidant property was checked by using DPPH method. Maximum antioxidant potential was found in Achillea species, followed by Leonotis nepetaefolia, Jaminum primulinum and Leucas cephalotes. Phenolics and flavonoids are important compounds that serve as defences against herbivores and pathogens. Others function in attracting pollinators and absorbing harmful radiations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title="antioxidants">antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolics" title=" phenolics"> phenolics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37377/antioxidant-potential-of-methanolic-extracts-of-four-indian-aromatic-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Different Feedings on Chemical Characteristics of Atlantic Salmon Fillet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Jalili">Mahsa Jalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trude%20Johansen"> Trude Johansen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Signe%20Dille%20Lovmo"> Signe Dille Lovmo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turid%20Rustad"> Turid Rustad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rolf%20Erik%20Olsen"> Rolf Erik Olsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atle%20M.%20Bones"> Atle M. Bones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of fish muscle is a key factor in fish industry, and dietary ingredients can influence fish quality. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of krill meal, soybean meal, Bactocell® and butyrate fortified feeds and control diet on characteristics of salmon fillet. Thirty Atlantic salmon (6 per each group) were farmed for 12 weeks. All the fish were killed and frozen immediately. The white muscle from top posterior part of dorsal fin was dissected to analyze fat content, carotenoid content, content of water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins, cathepsin B and cathepsin B-L activities. ANOVA test was used to analyze mean and standard error of mean values at 0.05 significance level. There were significant difference in cathepsin B activity, water-soluble proteins and salt-soluble proteins (p-value= 0.005, 0.009 and 0.002). The mean values of other factors were not significantly different among the groups. Cathepsin B activity was higher in soymeal group. Water-soluble proteins were reported higher in soy meal and krill groups and salt-soluble proteins were significantly higher in soy meal and butyrate rich diets. Although soy meal has proven effect on enteritis, it results in higher percentage of protein in fillets. On the other hand, this feeding may have role in textural deterioration of fillets owing to higher values of endogenous cathepsin B in soymeal group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title="aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20quality" title=" food quality"> food quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krill%20protein%20extract" title=" Krill protein extract"> Krill protein extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prebiotics" title=" prebiotics"> prebiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmo%20salar" title=" Salmo salar"> Salmo salar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soy" title=" soy"> soy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79109/different-feedings-on-chemical-characteristics-of-atlantic-salmon-fillet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Development and Obtaining of Solid Dispersions to Increase the Solubility of Efavirenz in Anti-HIV Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salvana%20P.%20M.%20Costa">Salvana P. M. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarcyla%20A.%20Gomes"> Tarcyla A. Gomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovanna%20C.%20R.%20M.%20Schver"> Giovanna C. R. M. Schver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20R.%20M.%20Ferraz"> Leslie R. M. Ferraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristov%C3%A3o%20R.%20Silva"> Cristovão R. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magaly%20A.%20M.%20Lyra"> Magaly A. M. Lyra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20A.%20F.%20Fonte"> Danilo A. F. Fonte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larissa%20A.%20Rolim"> Larissa A. Rolim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20C.%20Q.%20M.%20Vieira"> Amanda C. Q. M. Vieira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miracy%20M.%20Albuquerque"> Miracy M. Albuquerque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20J.%20Rolim-neto"> Pedro J. Rolim-neto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efavirenz (EFV) is considered one of the most widely used anti-HIV drugs. However, it is classified as a drug class II (poorly soluble, highly permeable) according to the biopharmaceutical classification system, presenting problems of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby inadequate bioavailability for its therapeutic action. This study aimed to overcome these barriers by developing and obtaining solid dispersions (SD) in order to increase the EFZ bioavailability. For the development of SD with EFV, theoretical and practical studies were initially performed. Thus, there was a choice of a carrier to be used. For this, it was analyzed the various criteria such as glass transition temperature of the polymer, intra- and intermolecular interactions of hydrogen bonds between drug and polymer, the miscibility between the polymer and EFV. The choice of the obtainment method of the SD came from the analysis of which method is the most consolidated in both industry and literature. Subsequently, the choice of drug and carrier concentrations in the dispersions was carried out. In order to obtain DS to present the drug in its amorphous form, as the DS were obtained, they were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). SD are more stable the higher the amount of polymer present in the formulation. With this assumption, a SD containing 10% of drug was initially prepared and then this proportion was increased until the XRD showed the presence of EFV in its crystalline form. From this point, it was not produced SD with a higher concentration of drug. Thus, it was allowed to select PVP-K30, PVPVA 64 and the SOLUPLUS formulation as carriers, once it was possible the formation of hydrogen bond between EFV and polymers since these have hydrogen acceptor groups capable of interacting with the donor group of the drug hydrogen. It is worth mentioning also that the films obtained, independent of concentration used, were presented homogeneous and transparent. Thus, it can be said that the EFV is miscible in the three polymers used in the study. The SD and Physical Mixtures (PM) with these polymers were prepared by the solvent method. The EFV diffraction profile showed main peaks at around 2θ of 6,24°, in addition to other minor peaks at 14,34°, 17,08°, 20,3°, 21,36° and 25,06°, evidencing its crystalline character. Furthermore, the polymers showed amorphous nature, as evidenced by the absence of peaks in their XRD patterns. The XRD patterns showed the PM overlapping profile of the drug with the polymer, indicating the presence of EFV in its crystalline form. Regardless the proportion of drug used in SD, all the samples showed the same characteristics with no diffraction peaks EFV, demonstrating the behavior amorphous products. Thus, the polymers enabled, effectively, the formation of amorphous SD, probably due to the potential hydrogen bonds between them and the drug. Moreover, the XRD analysis showed that the polymers were able to maintain its amorphous form in a concentration of up to 80% drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20form" title="amorphous form">amorphous form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efavirenz" title=" Efavirenz"> Efavirenz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20dispersions" title=" solid dispersions"> solid dispersions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25688/development-and-obtaining-of-solid-dispersions-to-increase-the-solubility-of-efavirenz-in-anti-hiv-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> CT-Scan Transition of Pulmonary Edema Due to Water-Soluble Paint Inhalation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Kanazawa">Masashi Kanazawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takaaki%20Nakano"> Takaaki Nakano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masaaki%20Takemoto"> Masaaki Takemoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomonori%20Imamura"> Tomonori Imamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamiko%20Sugimura"> Mamiko Sugimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshitaka%20Ito"> Toshitaka Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: We experienced a massive disaster due to inhalation of water-soluble paint. Sixteen patients were brought to our emergency room, and pulmonary edema was revealed on the CT images of 12 cases. Purpose: Transition of chest CT-scan findings in cases with pulmonary edema was examined. Method: CT-scans were performed on the 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 19th days after the inhalation event. Patients whose pulmonary edema showed amelioration or exacerbation were classified into the improvement or the exacerbation group, respectively. Those with lung edema findings appearing at different sites after the second day were classified into the changing group. Results: Eight, one and three patients were in the improvement, exacerbation and changing groups, respectively. In all cases, the pulmonary edema had disappeared from CT images on the 19th day after the inhalation event. Conclusion: Inhalation of water-soluble paints is considered to be relatively safe. However, our observations in these emergency cases suggest that, even if pulmonary edema is not severe immediately after the exposure, new lesions may appear later and existing lesions may worsen. Follow-up imaging is thus necessary for about two weeks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intoxication" title=" intoxication"> intoxication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20edema" title=" pulmonary edema"> pulmonary edema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-soluble%20paint" title=" water-soluble paint"> water-soluble paint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74622/ct-scan-transition-of-pulmonary-edema-due-to-water-soluble-paint-inhalation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Functionalization of Single-Walled Nanotubes by Synthesied Pigments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Zomorodbakhsh">Shahab Zomorodbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayron%20Nesa%20Motevasel"> Hayron Nesa Motevasel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water soluble compoundes were attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to form water-soluble nano pigments. functionalized SWNTs were then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)and defunctionalization test and Representative results concerning the solubility. The product can be dissolved in water and High-resolution transmission electron microscope images showed that the SWNTs were efficiently functionalized, thus the p-stacking interaction between aromatic rings and COOH of SWNTs was considered responsible for the high solubility and High transmission electron in singlewall nanotubes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionalized%20CNTs" title="functionalized CNTs">functionalized CNTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singlewalled%20carbon%20nanotubes" title=" singlewalled carbon nanotubes"> singlewalled carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20soluble%20compoundes" title=" water soluble compoundes"> water soluble compoundes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20pigments" title=" nano pigments"> nano pigments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22309/functionalization-of-single-walled-nanotubes-by-synthesied-pigments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Authenticity of Lipid and Soluble Sugar Profiles of Various Oat Cultivars (Avena sativa)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marijana%20M.%20A%C4%8Danski">Marijana M. Ačanski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristian%20A.%20Pastor"> Kristian A. Pastor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djura%20N.%20Vuji%C4%87"> Djura N. Vujić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The identification of lipid and soluble sugar components in flour samples of different cultivars belonging to common oat species (Avena sativa L.) was performed: spring oat, winter oat and hulless oat. Fatty acids were extracted from flour samples with n-hexane, and derivatized into volatile methyl esters, using TMSH (trimethylsulfonium hydroxide in methanol). Soluble sugars were then extracted from defatted and dried samples of oat flour with 96% ethanol, and further derivatized into corresponding TMS-oximes, using hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and BSTFA (N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide). The hexane and ethanol extracts of each oat cultivar were analyzed using GC-MS system. Lipid and simple sugar compositions are very similar in all samples of investigated cultivars. Chemometric tool was applied to numeric values of automatically integrated surface areas of detected lipid and simple sugar components in their corresponding derivatized forms. Hierarchical cluster analysis shows a very high similarity between the investigated flour samples of oat cultivars, according to the fatty acid content (0.9955). Moderate similarity was observed according to the content of soluble sugars (0.50). These preliminary results support the idea of establishing methods for oat flour authentication, and provide the means for distinguishing oat flour samples, regardless of the variety, from flour samples made of other cereal species, just by lipid and simple sugar profile analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oat%20cultivars" title="oat cultivars">oat cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20composition" title=" lipid composition"> lipid composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20sugar%20composition" title=" soluble sugar composition"> soluble sugar composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title=" chemometrics"> chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41530/authenticity-of-lipid-and-soluble-sugar-profiles-of-various-oat-cultivars-avena-sativa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Ultrafine Non Water Soluble Drug Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahnaz%20Mansouri">Shahnaz Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Martin"> David Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Dong%20Chen"> Xiao Dong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Wai%20Woo"> Meng Wai Woo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrafine hydrophobic and non-water-soluble drugs can increase the percentage of absorbed compared to their initial dosage. This paper provides a scalable new method of making ultrafine particles of substantially insoluble water compounds specifically, submicron particles of ethanol soluble and water insoluble pharmaceutical materials by steaming an ethanol droplet to prepare a suspension and then followed by immediate drying. This suspension is formed by adding evaporated water molecules as an anti-solvent to the solute of the samples and in early stage of precipitation continued to dry by evaporating both solvent and anti-solvent. This fine particle formation has produced fast dispersion powder in water. The new method is an extension of the antisolvent vapour precipitation technique which exposes a droplet to an antisolvent vapour with reference to the dissolved materials within the droplet. Ultrafine vitamin D3 and ibuprofen particles in the submicron ranges were produced. This work will form the basis for using spray dryers as high-throughput scalable micro-precipitators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20droplet%20drying" title="single droplet drying">single droplet drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20size%20particles" title=" nano size particles"> nano size particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-water-soluble%20drugs" title=" non-water-soluble drugs"> non-water-soluble drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitators" title=" precipitators"> precipitators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19314/ultrafine-non-water-soluble-drug-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=37">37</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=38">38</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20polymers&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>