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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sieur_de_La_Salle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sieur_de_La_Salle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>Sieur de La Salle</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sieur_de_La_Salle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expeditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expeditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expeditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expeditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Expeditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Expeditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Ohio"_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ohio"_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>"Ohio" expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ohio"_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Further evidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_intermezzo_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_intermezzo_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The intermezzo years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_intermezzo_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Lakes_forts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Lakes_forts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Great Lakes forts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Lakes_forts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mississippi_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mississippi_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mississippi expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mississippi_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas_expedition_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas_expedition_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Texas expedition and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas_expedition_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Salle_Explorers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Salle_Explorers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>La Salle Explorers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Salle_Explorers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Place_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Place names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="روبير دو لا سال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبير دو لا سال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рэнэ-Рабер Кавелье дэ Ла Саль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэнэ-Рабер Кавелье дэ Ла Саль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Рене Робер дьо Ла Сал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рене Робер дьо Ла Сал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="Robert Cavelier de La Salle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="رنه روبرت کاولیر، سیور د لا ساله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنه روبرت کاولیر، سیور د لا ساله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier La Salle – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="René Robert Cavelier La Salle" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%B2%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90_%EB%93%9C_%EB%9D%BC_%EC%82%B4" title="르네 로베르 카벨리에 드 라 살 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르네 로베르 카벨리에 드 라 살" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieur_de_la_Salle" title="Sieur de la Salle – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sieur de la Salle" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94,_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%94-%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C" title="רנה-רובר קוואלייה, אדון לה-סאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנה-רובר קוואלייה, אדון לה-סאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ロベール＝カブリエ・ド・ラ・サール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロベール＝カブリエ・ド・ラ・サール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_la_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de la Salle – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de la Salle" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кавелье де Ла Саль, Рене-Робер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кавелье де Ла Саль, Рене-Робер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LaSalle" title="Robert LaSalle – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Robert LaSalle" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Робер Кавелије де ла Сал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Робер Кавелије де ла Сал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="René Robert Cavelier de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рене Робер Кавельє де ла Саль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рене Робер Кавельє де ла Саль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%A7-%E7%BE%85%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%BC%97%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%96%A9%E5%8B%92" title="勒內-羅貝爾·卡弗利耶·德·拉薩勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勒內-羅貝爾·卡弗利耶·德·拉薩勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">René-Robert Cavelier</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg/220px-Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg/330px-Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg/440px-Cavelier_de_la_salle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 19th-century engraving of Cavelier de La Salle</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1643-11-22</span>)</span>November 22, 1643<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 19, 1687<span style="display:none">(1687-03-19)</span> (aged 43)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">present-day <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Texas" title="Huntsville, Texas">Huntsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">explorer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">exploring the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>,<br />and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De_La_Salle_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/De_La_Salle_Signature.svg/150px-De_La_Salle_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/De_La_Salle_Signature.svg/225px-De_La_Salle_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/De_La_Salle_Signature.svg/300px-De_La_Salle_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="70" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>; November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687), was a 17th-century French explorer and <a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">fur trader</a> in North America. He explored the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>. He is best known for an early 1682 expedition in which he canoed the lower Mississippi River from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>; there, on April 9, 1682, he claimed the Mississippi River basin for France after giving it the name <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)"><i>La Louisiane</i></a>, in honor of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Saint Louis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>. One source states that "he acquired for France the most fertile half of the North American continent".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later, ill-fated expedition in 1687 to the Gulf coast of Mexico (today the U.S. state of Texas) gave the United States a putative claim to Texas in the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803; La Salle was assassinated during that expedition. </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joliet" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Joliet">Joliet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Marquette" title="Jacques Marquette">Marquette</a> preceded him on the upper Mississippi in their journey of 1673–74, La Salle extended exploration – and France's claims – all the way to the river's mouth, although the existing historical evidence does not indicate that La Salle ever reached the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_River" title="Allegheny River">Ohio/Allegheny Valley</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</figcaption></figure> <p>Robert Cavelier was born on November 22, 1643, into a comfortably well-off family in <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, France, in the parish Saint-Herbland.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were Jean Cavelier and Catherine Geest.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His older brother, Jean Cavelier, became a <a href="/wiki/Sulpician" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulpician">Sulpician</a> priest. When Robert was young, he enjoyed science and nature. In his teens, he studied with the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> religious order and became a member after taking initial vows in 1660.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Required to <a href="/wiki/Vow_of_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of poverty">reject his father's legacy</a> when he joined the Jesuits, La Salle was nearly destitute when he traveled as a prospective colonist to North America. He sailed for <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> in the spring of 1666.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother Jean, had moved there the year before. At La Salle's request on March 27, 1667, after he was in Canada, he was released from the Society of Jesus after citing "moral weaknesses".<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Salle was granted a <i><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">seigneurie</a></i> on land at the western end of the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Island of Montreal</a>, which became known as <i>Lachine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Salle immediately began to issue land grants, set up a village and learn the languages of the several tribes of Iroquois in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sieur_de_La_Salle"><i>Sieur de La Salle</i></h3></div> <p><i>Sieur de La Salle</i> is a French title roughly translating to "Lord of the manor of La Salle."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">Sieur</a></i> is a French title of nobility, similar to the English "Sir," but under the French seigneurial system, the title is purchased rather than earned, and does not imply military duty. Robert Cavelier took the title with his seigneurial purchase of <a href="/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec" title="Lachine, Quebec">Lachine</a> from the Sulpician order at Ville Marie around 1667. It refers to the name of a family estate near Rouen.<sup id="cite_ref-HTsalle_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTsalle-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <i>La Salle</i> has become closely associated with the person as if it were his name; he is therefore often called Robert La Salle, or simply "La Salle". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expeditions">Expeditions</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>The sources for the footnotes and other information in this section are unclear.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="Special:EditPage/René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ohio"_expedition"><span id=".22Ohio.22_expedition"></span>"Ohio" expedition</h3></div> <p>The Seneca told La Salle of a great river, called the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which flowed into the sea, the "Vermilion Sea".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began to plan for expeditions to find a western passage to China. He sought and received permission from Governor <a href="/wiki/Daniel_de_R%C3%A9my_de_Courcelle" title="Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle">Daniel Courcelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendant</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Talon" title="Jean Talon">Jean Talon</a> to embark on the enterprise. He sold his interests in Lachine to finance the venture.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Salle left Lachine by the St. Lawrence on July 6, 1669, with a flotilla of nine canoes and 24 men, an unknown number of Seneca guides: himself and 14 hired men in four canoes, the two Sulpicians Dollier de Casson and Abbé René de Bréhan de Galinée with seven new recruits in three canoes, and two canoes of Natives. Having travelled up the St. Lawrence and across Lake Ontario for 35 days, they arrived at what is called today <a href="/wiki/Irondequoit_Bay" title="Irondequoit Bay">Irondequoit Bay</a> on the southern shore of Lake Ontario at the mouth of Irondequoit Creek, a place now commemorated as La Salle's Landing. </p><p>There they were greeted by a party of Natives, who escorted them starting the next day to a village some leagues distant, a journey of a few days. At the village, the Seneca vehemently attempted to dissuade the party from proceeding into the lands of their enemies, the <a href="/wiki/Algonquins" class="mw-redirect" title="Algonquins">Algonquins</a>, telling of the dire fate awaiting them. The necessity of securing guides for the further part of the journey, and the refusal of the Seneca to provide them, delayed the expedition a month. A fortuitous capture by the Natives in the lands to the south of a Dutchman who spoke <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> well but French poorly, and was to be burned at the stake for transgressions unknown, provided an opportunity to obtain a guide. The Dutchman's freedom was purchased by the party in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">wampum</a>. </p><p>While at the Native village in September 1669, La Salle was seized with a violent fever<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and expressed the intention of returning to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ville-Marie" title="Fort Ville-Marie">Ville Marie</a>. </p><p>At this juncture, he parted from his company and the narrative of the Jesuits, who continued on to upper Lake Erie.<sup id="cite_ref-Keiley_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keiley-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other accounts have it that some of La Salle's men soon returned to <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Acadia)" title="New Holland (Acadia)">New Holland</a> or Ville Marie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_evidence">Further evidence</h4></div> <p>Beyond that, the factual record of La Salle's first expedition ends, and what prevails is obscurity and fabrication. It is likely that he spent the winter in Ville Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkman_1869,_p._19_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkman_1869,_p._19-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next confirmed sighting of La Salle was by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Perrot" title="Nicolas Perrot">Nicolas Perrot</a> on the Ottawa River near the <a href="/wiki/Lac_des_Chats" title="Lac des Chats">Rapide des Chats</a> in early summer, 1670, hunting with a party of Iroquois. That would be 700 miles as the crow flies from the Falls of the Ohio, the point supposed by some that he reached on the Ohio River.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Salle's own journal of the expedition was lost in 1756.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkman_1869,_p._19_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkman_1869,_p._19-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two indirect historical accounts exist. The one, <i>Récit d’un ami de l’abbé de Galliné</i>, purported to be a recitation by La Salle himself to an unknown writer during his visit to Paris in 1678, and the other <i>Mémoire sur le projet du sieur de la Salle pour la descouverte de la partie occidentale de l’Amérique septentrionale entre la Nouvelle-France, la Floride et le Mexique</i>. A letter from Madeleine Cavelier, his now elderly niece, written in 1746, commenting on the journal of La Salle in her possession may also shed some light on the issue. </p><p>La Salle himself never claimed to have discovered the Ohio River.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to the intendant Talon in 1677, he claimed "discovery" of a river, the Baudrane, flowing southwesterly below the Great Lakes (well north of the Ohio's location) with its head on Lake Erie and emptying into the Saint Louis (i.e. the Mississippi), a hydrography which was non-existent. In those days, maps as well as descriptions were based part on observation and part on hearsay, of necessity. This confounded courses, mouths and confluences among the rivers. At various times, La Salle invented such rivers as the Chucagoa, Baudrane, Louisiane (Anglicized "Saint Louis"), and Ouabanchi-Aramoni. </p><p>Confounding fact with fiction started with publication in 1876 of Pierre Margry's <i>Découvertes et Établissements des Français</i>. Margry was a French archivist and partisan who had private access to the French archives. He came to be the agent of American historian Francis Parkman. Margry's work, a massive nine volumes, encompassed an assemblage of documents – some previously published, but many not. In it, he sometimes published a reproduction of the whole document, and sometimes only an extract, or summary, not distinguishing the one from the other. These discrepancies have significantly complicated efforts to retrace and build upon Margry's work. </p><p>He also used in some cases one or another copies of original documents previously edited, extracted or altered by others, without specifying which transcriptions were original, and which were copies, or whether the copy was dated earlier or later. Reproductions were scattered in fragments across chapters, so that it was impossible to ascertain the integrity of the document from its fragments. Chapter headings were oblique and sensational, so as to obfuscate the content therein. English and American scholars were immediately skeptical of the work, since full and faithful publication of some of the original documents had previously existed. The situation was so fraught with doubt, that the United States Congress appropriated $10,000 in 1873, which Margry wanted as an advance, to have the original documents photostated and witnessed by uninvolved parties as to veracity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_intermezzo_years">The intermezzo years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg/220px-La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg/330px-La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg/440px-La_Salle_Fort_Frontenac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of La Salle inspecting the reconstruction of Fort Frontenac, 1675. Painting by John David Kelly.</figcaption></figure> <p>La Salle undertook several other smaller unknown expeditions between 1671 and 1673. On July 12, 1673, the Governor of New France, <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Buade_de_Frontenac" title="Louis de Buade de Frontenac">Louis de Buade de Frontenac</a>, arrived at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Cataraqui_River" title="Cataraqui River">Cataraqui River</a> to meet with leaders of the Five Nations of the Iroquois to encourage them to trade with the French. While the groups met and exchanged gifts, Frontenac's men, led by La Salle, hastily constructed a rough wooden palisade on a point of land by a shallow, sheltered bay. Originally the fort was named Fort Cataraqui; it was later renamed <a href="/wiki/Fort_Frontenac" title="Fort Frontenac">Fort Frontenac</a> by La Salle, in honor of his patron. The purpose of Fort Frontenac was to control the lucrative fur trade in the Great Lakes Basin to the west. The fort was also meant to be a bulwark against the English and Dutch, who were competing with the French for control of the fur trade.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Salle was left in command of the fort in 1673. </p><p>Thanks to his powerful protector, the discoverer managed, during a voyage to France in 1674–75, to secure for himself the grant of Fort Cataraqui and acquired <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of nobility">letters of nobility</a> for himself and his descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Frontenac's support, he received not only a <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> concession, with permission to establish frontier forts, but also a <a href="/wiki/Title_of_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of nobility">title of nobility</a>. He returned and rebuilt Frontenac in stone. An <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Heritage_Trust" title="Ontario Heritage Trust">Ontario Heritage Trust</a> plaque describes La Salle at Cataraqui as "[a] major figure in the expansion of the French fur trade into the Lake Ontario region. Using the fort as a base, he undertook expeditions to the west and southwest in the interest of developing a vast fur-trading empire."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about La Salle's 2nd visit to France in 1677 to finagle the King for a charter to explore the Mississippi, and recruit mercenaries for the expedition.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier%2C_Sieur_de_La_Salle&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+20+February+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Ren%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle">by making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show">to include this information </span>. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="Talk:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Lakes_forts">Great Lakes forts</h3></div> <p>After leaving Lower Canada in September 1678, La Salle and his lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a> travelled to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Frontenac" title="Fort Frontenac">Fort Frontenac</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a>) and then to Niagara where, in December 1678, they were the first Europeans documented to have seen<a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>; they built <a href="/wiki/Fort_Conti" title="Fort Conti">Fort Conti</a> at the mouth of the Niagara River.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, they loaded supplies into smaller boats (<a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bateaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Bateaux">bateaux</a>), so they could continue up the shallow and swiftly flowing lower <a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a> to what is now the location of <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There the Iroquois had a well-established <a href="/wiki/Portage" title="Portage">portage</a> route that bypassed the rapids and the <a href="/wiki/Waterfall#Types" title="Waterfall">cataract</a> later known as <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>. </p><p>The first ship built by La Salle, called the <i>Frontenac</i>, was a 10-ton single-decked brigantine or barque; it was lost in Lake Ontario on January 8, 1679. Afterward, La Salle built <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Griffon" title="Le Griffon">Le Griffon</a></i>, a seven-cannon, 45-ton <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Keiley_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keiley-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the upper Niagara River, at or near <a href="/wiki/Cayuga_Creek" title="Cayuga Creek">Cayuga Creek</a>; she was launched on August 7, 1679. La Salle sailed in <i>Le Griffon</i> up <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a>, then up Huron to <a href="/wiki/Michilimackinac" title="Michilimackinac">Michilimackinac</a> and on to present-day <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay, Wisconsin</a>. <i>Le Griffon</i> then left for Niagara with a load of furs, but was never seen again.<sup id="cite_ref-Keiley_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keiley-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Salle continued with his men in canoes down the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>, rounding the southern end to the mouth of the Miami River (now <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_River_(Lake_Michigan)" title="St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)">St. Joseph River</a>), where they built a stockade in November 1679. They called it <a href="/wiki/Fort_Miami_(Michigan)" title="Fort Miami (Michigan)">Fort Miami</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph, Michigan">St. Joseph, Michigan</a>). There they waited for Tonti and his party, who had crossed the Lower Michigan peninsula on foot. </p><p>On December 3, 1679, with a group of 40, La Salle and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a> headed south from Fort Miami. They canoed up the St. Joseph and followed it to a portage at present-day <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>. They crossed to the <a href="/wiki/Kankakee_River" title="Kankakee River">Kankakee River</a> and followed it to the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a>. In January 1680, they reached an area that is near the current city of <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, Illinois</a>. In order to help the local <a href="/wiki/Peoria_people" title="Peoria people">Peoria tribe</a> defend themselves against the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>, La Salle and his group built a stockade and named it <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cr%C3%A8vecoeur" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Crèvecoeur">Fort Crèvecoeur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1680, La Salle set off on foot for Fort Frontenac for supplies. There, he discovered that only month after his departure, the soldiers at Ft. Crevecoeur, led by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chartier" title="Martin Chartier">Martin Chartier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutinied</a>, destroyed the fort, and exiled Tonti, whom he had left in charge.<sup id="cite_ref-FC_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mississippi_expedition">Mississippi expedition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg/220px-Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg/330px-Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg/440px-Lasalle_au_Mississippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Color reproduction of <i>Taking possession of Louisiana and the River Mississippi, in the name of Louis XIVth</i> by Jean-Adolphe Bocquin.</figcaption></figure> <p>The group later travelled along the Illinois River and arrived at the Mississippi River in February 1682; they built canoes there. The exploration reached an area that is now <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, where La Salle built a small fort, named <a href="/wiki/Fort_Prudhomme" title="Fort Prudhomme">Fort Prudhomme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1682, the expedition reached the Gulf of Mexico. There, La Salle named the Mississippi basin <i>La Louisiane</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in honor of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> and claimed it for France.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1682–83, La Salle, with Henry de Tonti, established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Louis_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Saint Louis (Illinois)">Fort Saint-Louis</a> of Illinois at <a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Starved Rock</a> on the Illinois River to protect and hold the region for France.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Salle then returned to Montreal and later, to France.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas_expedition_and_death">Texas expedition and death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG/220px-LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG/330px-LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG/440px-LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Gudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Gudin">Theodore Gudin</a> titled <i>La Salle's Expedition to Louisiana in 1684</i>. The ship on the left is <i><a href="/wiki/La_Belle_(ship)" title="La Belle (ship)">La Belle</a></i>, in the middle is <i>Le Joly</i>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Aimable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Aimable (page does not exist)">L'Aimable</a></i> is to the right. They are at the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Bay" title="Matagorda Bay">Matagorda Bay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On July 24, 1684,<sup id="cite_ref-HTsalle_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTsalle-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he departed France and returned to America with a large expedition designed to establish a <a href="/wiki/French_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="French colony">French colony</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, at the mouth of the Mississippi River. They had four ships and 300 colonists. The expedition was plagued by <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a>, Natives defending their land, and poor navigation. One ship was lost to pirates in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, a second sank in the inlets of <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Bay" title="Matagorda Bay">Matagorda Bay</a>. The <i>La Belle</i> made landfall in Feb. 1685. </p><p>They founded a <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">settlement</a>, near the bay which they called the Bay of Saint Louis, on <a href="/wiki/Garcitas_Creek" title="Garcitas Creek">Garcitas Creek</a> in the vicinity of present-day <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria, Texas</a>. La Salle led a group eastward on foot on three occasions to try to locate the mouth of the Mississippi. In the meantime, the flagship <i><a href="/wiki/La_Belle_(ship)" title="La Belle (ship)">La Belle</a></i>, the only remaining ship, ran aground and sank into the mud, stranding the colony on the Texas coast.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of his men <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutinied</a>, near the site of present-day <a href="/wiki/Navasota,_Texas" title="Navasota, Texas">Navasota, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 19, 1687, La Salle was slain by Pierre Duhaut during an ambush while talking to Duhaut's decoy, <a href="/wiki/Jean_L%27Archev%C3%AAque" title="Jean L'Archevêque">Jean L'Archevêque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were "six leagues" from the westernmost village of the <a href="/wiki/Hasinai" title="Hasinai">Hasinai</a> (Tejas) Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-HTsalle_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTsalle-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One source states that Duhaut was a "disenchanted follower".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duhaut was shot and killed by James Hiems to avenge La Salle. Over the following week, others were killed; confusion followed as to who killed whom.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colony lasted only until 1688, when <a href="/wiki/Karankawa_language" title="Karankawa language">Karankawa</a>-speaking Natives killed the 20 remaining adults and took five children as captives. Tonti sent a search mission in 1689 when he learned of the colonizers' fate, but the expedition ran out of supplies in northern Texas and failed to reach the site.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is now known that there were 15 survivors of the original 180 colonists at the fort, most of whom had accompanied La Salle on his final eastward trek to locate the mouth of the Colbert (Mississippi) River and escaped the massacre: five children kidnapped by Native Americans at the settlement and later rescued by the Spanish, and 10 other adults, who lived for a while among the Native Americans and were later captured and released by the Spanish.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Six found their way to Canada and eventually returned to France. Three others were refused passage by the Spanish; an Italian was imprisoned. For as long as 30 years after the demise of the colony, there were specious accounts of survivors still living among the Native Americans in Texas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>La Salle never married,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has been linked to <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Roybon_d%27Allonne" title="Madeleine de Roybon d'Allonne">Madeleine de Roybon d'Allonne</a>, an early colonizer of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dupre_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dupre-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_la_Salle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/De_la_Salle.jpg/220px-De_la_Salle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/De_la_Salle.jpg/330px-De_la_Salle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/De_la_Salle.jpg/440px-De_la_Salle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Statue of de La Salle located in <a href="/wiki/Navasota,_Texas" title="Navasota, Texas">Navasota, Texas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf&page=14" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf/page14-220px-Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf/page14-330px-Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf/page14-440px-Nationalgeograph351919nat.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="Statue of Robert Cavelier de La Salle">Statue of La Salle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park" title="Lincoln Park">Lincoln Park</a>, Chicago, as seen in the January 1919 issue of <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg/220px-La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg/330px-La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg/440px-La_Salle_Plaque_NY_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Bronze plaque honoring LA SALLE, at Old Fort Niagara, NY.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeLaSalle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DeLaSalle.jpg/220px-DeLaSalle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DeLaSalle.jpg/330px-DeLaSalle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DeLaSalle.jpg/440px-DeLaSalle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption>Memorial Plaque to de La Salle in <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the forts, which also served as authorized agencies for the extensive fur trade, La Salle's visits to Illinois and other Natives cemented the French policy of alliance with Natives in the common causes of containing both Iroquois influence and Anglo-American colonization. He also gave the name <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana (<i>La Louisiane</i>)</a> to the interior North American territory he claimed for France, which lives on in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">name of a U.S. state</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> provides this summary of La Salle's achievements: "His claim of Louisiana for France, though but a vain boast at the time, pointed the way to the French colonial empire that was eventually built by other men".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berton" title="Pierre Berton">Pierre Berton</a> wrote, "no other man had crammed so much adventure, so much excitement, so many triumphs, and so many heartbreaks into a single career. Though he died at the hands of some of his quarrelling followers in the mud of reeds of the Gulf of Mexico lowlands, he was essentially a man of the lakes, of Ontario and Erie, Huron and Michigan...."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sculpture of de La Salle is located on the south facade of the Knute Rockne Memorial on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" title="Statue of Robert Cavelier de La Salle">statue of him</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park" title="Lincoln Park">Lincoln Park</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Salle_Explorers">La Salle Explorers</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_University" title="La Salle University">La Salle University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, adopted the nickname "<a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Explorers" title="La Salle Explorers">Explorers</a>" for its athletic teams after René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. La Salle University is named after <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_La_Salle" title="Jean-Baptiste de La Salle">Saint Jean-Baptiste de La Salle</a>, the French priest, educator and founder of the <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers" title="De La Salle Brothers">Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools</a>. In 1931, a sportswriter mistakenly referred to the La Salle football team as the "Explorers" thinking the school was named after the French explorer. In 1932 students voted to pick "Explorers" as the official nickname. The La Salle University mascot is The Explorer. <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2></div> <p>In 1995, La Salle's primary ship <i><a href="/wiki/La_Belle_(ship)" title="La Belle (ship)">La Belle</a></i> was discovered in the muck of <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Bay" title="Matagorda Bay">Matagorda Bay</a>. It has been the subject of archeological research.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A search of the wreck and surrounding area during 1996 to 1997 yielded numerous artifacts from the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through an international treaty, the artifacts excavated from La Belle are owned by France<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held in trust by the Texas Historical Commission. The collection is held by the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a> Museum of Science and History. Artifacts from <i>La Belle</i> are shown at nine museums across Texas. </p><p>The wreckage of his ship <i>L'Aimable</i> has yet to be located. In 1998, The National Underwater and Marine Agency claimed that it had found the wreck in Matagorda Bay but the Texas Historical Commission stated that the wreck was much more recent.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p><p>The possible remains of <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Griffon" title="Le Griffon">Le Griffon</a></i> were found in 1898 by lighthouse keeper Albert Cullis, on a beach on the western edge of <a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_Island" title="Manitoulin Island">Manitoulin Island</a> in northern Lake Huron. Results of testing some of the artifacts were disputed. Many of the recovered artifacts were lost and the wreck was washed away in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A possible shipwreck of <i>Le Griffon</i> near <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Island" title="Poverty Island">Poverty Island</a> at the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Green Bay (Lake Michigan)">Green Bay</a> in northern Lake Michigan was located by Steve Libert of the Great Lakes Exploration Group in 2001. The organization prevailed in a lawsuit against the state of Michigan over ownership of artifacts in 2012, and in 2013 was issued a permit to excavate the wreck. Only one artifact, a wood pole, was recovered, and it is indeterminate whether it was from a shipwreck. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> featured the story of the ship; divers who were involved in the investigation were convinced that <i>Le Griffon</i> sank in the <a href="/wiki/Mississagi_Strait" title="Mississagi Strait">Mississagi Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians debated the site of La Salle's "Fort St Louis" colony, which had been said to be near <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_Bay" title="Lavaca Bay">Lavaca Bay</a> at Garcitas Creek, and was a significant part of the history of <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">French colonization of Texas</a>. A June 1996 dig at the site that was believed to be the correct location revealed eight French cannon. This led archeologists to excavate the Keeran Ranch site in the area, during 1996–2002; they concluded that the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Presidio_La_Bah%C3%ADa" title="Presidio La Bahía">Presidio La Bahía</a> fort "was built on the La Salle settlement". Some 10 percent of the artifacts recovered are believed to have originated in France.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Place_names">Place names</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/La_Salle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="La Salle (disambiguation)">La Salle (disambiguation)</a></div> <p>Many places, streets, parks, buildings and other things were named in La Salle's honor: </p><p><b>Counties and towns</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Ontario" title="LaSalle, Ontario">LaSalle</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Ontario" title="Essex County, Ontario">Essex County, Ontario</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Quebec" title="LaSalle, Quebec">LaSalle, Quebec</a> is a borough of the city of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_County,_Illinois" title="LaSalle County, Illinois">LaSalle County, Illinois</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Illinois" title="LaSalle, Illinois">LaSalle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Speedway" title="LaSalle Speedway">LaSalle Speedway</a> within it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Parish,_Louisiana" title="LaSalle Parish, Louisiana">LaSalle Parish, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_County,_Texas" title="La Salle County, Texas">La Salle County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle,_Minnesota" title="La Salle, Minnesota">La Salle, Minnesota</a></li></ul> <p><b>Parks and streets</b> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Expressway" title="LaSalle Expressway">LaSalle Expressway</a>, a roadway through <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls, New York</a> and its outer suburbs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Street" title="LaSalle Street">LaSalle Street</a>, a north–south thoroughfare in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, leads directly to the Board of Trade, and is the center of Chicago's financial district.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Causeway" title="La Salle Causeway">La Salle Causeway</a>, connecting Kingston, Ontario to neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Barriefield,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Barriefield, Ontario">Barriefield, Ontario</a>.</li> <li><i>Jardin Cavelier de La Salle</i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Paris" title="Arrondissements of Paris">6ème arrondissement</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li>La Salle Avenue, a downtown street in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>.</li> <li>Avenue La Salle, located in <a href="/wiki/Shawinigan" title="Shawinigan">Shawinigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada.</li> <li>La Salle Street in <a href="/wiki/Navasota,_Texas" title="Navasota, Texas">Navasota, Texas</a>. It also contains a statue given by the local Robert Raines Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution and the Texas Society Daughters of the American Revolution.</li> <li>Lasalle Road, an east–west road to the south of <a href="/wiki/Sarnia" title="Sarnia">Sarnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada.</li> <li>LaSalle Avenue, a thoroughfare in <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>, which traverses the downtown area and carries a portion of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20_Business_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 20 Business (South Bend, Indiana)">U.S. Route 20 Business</a>.</li> <li>LaSalle Boulevard and Cavelier Road in <a href="/wiki/Marquette_Heights,_Illinois" title="Marquette Heights, Illinois">Marquette Heights, Illinois</a>, near Fort Crèvecoeur</li> <li>La Salle Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco, Texas</a>.</li> <li>La Salles Landing Park on <a href="/wiki/Irondequoit_Creek" title="Irondequoit Creek">Irondequoit Creek</a> in Penfield, NY</li> <li>La Salle Park in <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington, Ontario</a></li> <li>Robert LaSalle County Park, <a href="/wiki/Door_County,_Wisconsin" title="Door County, Wisconsin">Door County, Wisconsin</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Buildings and other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a> <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> brand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle-Peru_Township_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="LaSalle-Peru Township High School">LaSalle-Peru Township High School</a> in LaSalle, Illinois has the mascot of the Cavaliers (Cavs) and Lady Cavaliers (Lady Cavs).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Hotel" title="La Salle Hotel">La Salle Hotel</a>, Chicago<sup id="cite_ref-Randall_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Randall-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Hotel_(Bryan,_Texas)" title="LaSalle Hotel (Bryan, Texas)">LaSalle Hotel</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan, Texas</a></li> <li><i>École secondaire publique De La Salle</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a></li> <li>La Salle Secondary School in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_High_School_(New_Orleans)" title="De La Salle High School (New Orleans)">De La Salle High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Order prohibited a man taking final vows before the age of twenty-five. He was still considered a part of the Order as he was later barred to his inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was apparently from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i>la Chine</i>, for <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The reference is unclear, but may refer to his intent to find a route to the orient.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For this, there is the detailed record of the journey of Casson and Galinee whom La Salle accompanied,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which all historians take their accounts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">What is now called the Gulf of California.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Parkman, it may have been caused by the sight of three rattlesnakes on a rock he was ascending.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is purported by some that he journeyed via a stream passing six or seven leagues south of lake Erie, which was a tributary of the Ohio, to that river, thence downstream so far as the Falls of the Ohio below the site of the modern city of Louisville, where his crew abandoned him, and he returned to Canada on his own.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is some disagreement about accepting Navasota as the site of La Salle's death. <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">Historian</a> Robert Weddle, for example, believes that his travel distances were miscalculated, and that he was murdered just east of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)" title="Trinity River (Texas)">Trinity River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Robert-Cavelier-sieur-de-La-Salle">"René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. March 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ren%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+sieur+de+La+Salle&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRene-Robert-Cavelier-sieur-de-La-Salle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/explorer/rene-robert-cavelier-sieur-de-la-salle">"René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, 1643–1687"</a>. <i>Biography.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>I, René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle, by virtue of His Majesty's commission, which I hold in my hands, and which may be seen by all whom it may concern, have taken and do now take, in the name of His Majesty and of his successors to the crown, possession of the country of Louisiana...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Explorers%2C+Ren%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier+de+La+Salle+1670%E2%80%931687&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historymuseum.ca%2Fvirtual-museum-of-new-france%2Fthe-explorers%2Frene-robert-cavelier-de-la-salle-1670-1687%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/explorers/sitec17.htm">"Starved Rock, Illinois"</a>. <i>Park History, NPS</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Subsequent investigation of the site by the Texas Historical Commission discovered the vessel likely dated to the late 18th or early 19th centuries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researchgate&rft.atitle=Small+Arms+and+Munitions+from+a+Texas+Coastal+Shipwreck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F308368055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Wreck of the Griffon, Kohl and Forsberg, 2015. 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USA Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Le+Griffon%3A+The+Great+Lakes%27+greatest+mystery&rft.aulast=Ashcroft&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmichigan%2F2015%2F02%2F13%2Fle-griffon-shipwreck-great-lakes%2F23344219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manitoulin.com/manitoulins-most-famous-maritime-mystery-still-unfathomable-after-all-these-years/">"Manitoulin's most famous maritime mystery: Still unfathomable after all these years"</a>. <i>The Expositor</i>. July 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2021</span>. <q>the most thorough work yet on the unsolved centuries-old maritime mystery, generously illustrated with historical and modern photos and maps.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Expositor&rft.atitle=Manitoulin%27s+most+famous+maritime+mystery%3A+Still+unfathomable+after+all+these+years&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manitoulin.com%2Fmanitoulins-most-famous-maritime-mystery-still-unfathomable-after-all-these-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/la-salles-texas-settlement">"La Salle's Texas Settlement"</a>. <i>Texas State Historical Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=La+Salle%27s+Texas+Settlement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fla-salles-texas-settlement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Randall-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Randall_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandallRandall1999" class="citation book cs1">Randall, Frank Alfred; Randall, John D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gYLlF61yeYEC&pg=PA271"><i>History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-02416-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-02416-8"><bdi>0-252-02416-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Development+of+Building+Construction+in+Chicago&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-252-02416-8&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Frank+Alfred&rft.au=Randall%2C+John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgYLlF61yeYEC%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea1882" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilmary_Shea" title="John Gilmary Shea">Shea, John Gilmary</a> (1882). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/La_Salle,_Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de">La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XIV (9th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Salle%2C+Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=John+Gilmary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkman1892" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman" title="Francis Parkman">Parkman, Francis</a> (1892). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/La_Salle,_Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de" class="extiw" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de">La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Salle%2C+Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Parkman&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhinery1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Whinery, Charles Crawford (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/La_Salle,_Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/La Salle, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de">La Salle, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Salle%2C+Ren%C3%A9+Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Whinery&rft.aufirst=Charles+Crawford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeiley1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Keiley, Jarvis (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ren%C3%A9-Robert-Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ren%C3%A9-Robert-Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Keiley&rft.aufirst=Jarvis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoutelFosterWarren1998" class="citation book cs1">Joutel, Henri; Foster, William C.; Warren, Johanna S. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511192705/https://www.questia.com/read/124824271/the-la-salle-expedition-to-texas-the-journal-of"><i>The La Salle Expedition to Texas: The Journal of Henri Joutel, 1684–1687</i></a>. Austin, TX: Texas State Historical Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87611-165-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87611-165-7"><bdi>0-87611-165-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/124824271/the-la-salle-expedition-to-texas-the-journal-of">the original</a> on May 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+La+Salle+Expedition+to+Texas%3A+The+Journal+of+Henri+Joutel%2C+1684%E2%80%931687&rft.place=Austin%2C+TX&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87611-165-7&rft.aulast=Joutel&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=Foster%2C+William+C.&rft.au=Warren%2C+Johanna+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F124824271%2Fthe-la-salle-expedition-to-texas-the-journal-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9-Robert+Cavelier%2C+Sieur+de+La+Salle" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Justin Winsor (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/narrativecritica04wins#page/200">Narrative and critical history of America</a> vol. IV, pp. 200–246. Includes several maps drawn by La Salle.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier_de_La_Salle" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:René Robert Cavelier de La Salle">René Robert Cavelier de La Salle</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>The journeys of Rene Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090108213303/http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-6104">Volume 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121211174503/http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-6103">Volume 2</a> (hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla04"><i>The Handbook of Texas Online:</i> Renê Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle</a></li> <li>Detailed Account of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonofthesouth.net/texas/la-salle.htm">La Salle</a> in Texas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/widgets/pager.php?object_id=meta-pth-5828&recno=92&path=meta-pth-5828.tkl">La Salle's Map of Texas</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723155832/http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-5828"><i>A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to A.D. 1879</i></a>, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/stlouis/index.html">Texas Beyond History</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Explorers_of_New_France23" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Explorers_of_New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Explorers of New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Explorers_of_New_France23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Explorers of New France</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Greysolon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Greysolon">Daniel Greysolon</a></li> <li>de La Vérendrye family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes_et_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye">Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="François de La Vérendrye">François de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Joseph_Gaultier_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye">Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Brul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Brulé">Étienne Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Couture" title="Guillaume Couture">Guillaume Couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Marquette" title="Jacques Marquette">Jacques Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Le_Moyne_de_Bienville" title="Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville">Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval">Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Nicolet" title="Jean Nicolet">Jean Nicolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hennepin" title="Louis Hennepin">Louis Hennepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jolliet" title="Louis Jolliet">Louis Jolliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Juchereau_de_St._Denis" title="Louis Juchereau de St. Denis">Louis Juchereau de St. Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dard_des_Groseilliers" title="Médard des Groseilliers">Médard des Groseilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Perrot" title="Nicolas Perrot">Nicolas Perrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Moyne_d%27Iberville" title="Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville">Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Esprit_Radisson" title="Pierre-Esprit Radisson">Pierre-Esprit Radisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dugua,_Sieur_de_Mons" title="Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons">Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2619" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2619" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298156#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118726609">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50043391">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945522k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945522k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620964">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35286842">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0148231&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1303330">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1379499">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070392668">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dhlv6l3kfwlkr">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007274857505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614773906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14226592">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14185968?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/898188">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118726609.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027406350">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6md9q5w">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6863261">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=René-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle&oldid=1276793176">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=René-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle&oldid=1276793176</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1643_births" title="Category:1643 births">1643 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1687_deaths" title="Category:1687 deaths">1687 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Explorers_of_Canada" title="Category:Explorers of Canada">Explorers of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Explorers_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Explorers of the United States">Explorers of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_people_murdered_abroad" title="Category:French people murdered abroad">French people murdered abroad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Category:People of Louisiana (New France)">People of Louisiana (New France)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_nobility" title="Category:French nobility">French nobility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_colonization_of_Texas" title="Category:French colonization of Texas">French colonization of Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance_(Canada)" title="Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)">Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Rouen" title="Category:Businesspeople from Rouen">Businesspeople from Rouen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lyc%C3%A9e_Pierre-Corneille_alumni" title="Category:Lycée Pierre-Corneille alumni">Lycée Pierre-Corneille alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1660s_in_New_France" title="Category:1660s 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