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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese rime table ()</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de"><i>Yunjing</i></th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yunjing_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Yunjing_title_page.jpg/220px-Yunjing_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Yunjing_title_page.jpg/330px-Yunjing_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Yunjing_title_page.jpg/440px-Yunjing_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1343" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page of the <a href="/wiki/Eiroku" title="Eiroku">Yonglu</a> edition</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">韻鏡</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">韵镜</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Mirror of rhymes</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yùnjìng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yün<sup>4</sup>-ching<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ŷntɕîŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Wahngeng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Wan<sup>6</sup>-geng<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[wɐn˨.kɛŋ˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Ūn-kiànn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">Jwən<sup>C</sup> kjɐng<sup>C</sup></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Yunjing</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">韵镜</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">韻鏡</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yùnjìng</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Mirror of rhymes') is one of the two oldest existing examples of a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Rime_table" title="Rime table">rime table</a> – a series of charts which arrange <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> in large tables according to their tone and syllable structures to indicate their proper pronunciations. Current versions of the <i>Yunjing</i> date to AD 1161 and 1203 editions published by Zhang Linzhi (<span lang="zh">張麟之</span>). The original author(s) and date of composition of the <i>Yunjing</i> are unknown. Some of its elements, such as certain choices in its ordering, reflect features particular to the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, but no conclusive proof of an actual date of composition has yet been found. </p><p>The <i>Yunjing</i> contains 43 tables (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">轉</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zhuǎn</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'turnings'), each of which tabulates combinations of a particular final rhyme (listed in rows) with various initials (listed in columns), in up to four tones, to show in a grid pattern all possible syllables. Empty circles on the grid denote that the authors were unaware of any word with that particular pronunciation. By locating a character in <i>Yunjing</i>, a reader could identify its initial consonant (by looking at its column) and its "rhyme", or main vowel and ending consonant (by looking at its row), and combine the two to obtain the word's pronunciation. Zhang Linzhi's prefaces list a total of 36 possible initial consonants (<span lang="zh-Hant">聲母</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shēngmǔ</span></i>) – by comparison, modern <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> only has 23 and modern <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> only has 18 or 19. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Historical_Chinese_phonology" title="Historical Chinese phonology">Historical Chinese phonology</a> uses the <i>Yunjing</i> as an accurate representation of <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Middle Chinese">Late Middle Chinese</a> (10th–12th century) phonology. The <i>Yunjing'</i>s use of this system represents a significant advancement in the Chinese' analysis of their own language, and is believed to have been inspired by their studies of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> phonological treatises and <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Buddhist mantras</a> written in the <a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a> script during the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a> and Tang dynasties. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yunjing_first_table.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yunjing_first_table.jpg/450px-Yunjing_first_table.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yunjing_first_table.jpg/675px-Yunjing_first_table.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yunjing_first_table.jpg/900px-Yunjing_first_table.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The first table of the <i>Yunjing</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rows_(Finals/Rhymes)"><span id="Rows_.28Finals.2FRhymes.29"></span>Rows (Finals/Rhymes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rows (Finals/Rhymes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each of the 43 tables in the <i>Yunjing</i> is first divided into four large rows that correspond to the <a href="/wiki/Four_tones_(Middle_Chinese)" title="Four tones (Middle Chinese)">four tones of Middle Chinese</a>: the level tone (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">平聲</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">píngshēng</span></i>), the rising tone (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">上聲</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shǎngshēng</span></i>), the departing tone (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">去聲</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">qùshēng</span></i>), and the entering tone (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">入聲</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">rùshēng</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are not explicitly marked as such, but the four characters are taken from each of the tone categories of the <i><a href="/wiki/Guangyun" title="Guangyun">Guangyun</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Rhyme_dictionary" title="Rhyme dictionary">rhyme dictionary</a>. In the image at right, the first row – the level tone – is occupied by the level tone rhyme <i>dōng</i> 東, the second row – the rising tone – by the <i>dǒng</i> 董 rhyme, the third row – the departing tone – by <i>sòng</i> 送, and the fourth row – the entering tone – by <i>wū</i> 屋 (<a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>: uk<sup>1</sup>). </p><p>Each large row is further subdivided into four grades or divisions (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">等</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">děng</span></i>), forming four rows within each larger row. Characters' placement in the first through fourth grade seems to be related to their <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">medial (glide)</a> and main vowel, though their exact distinction is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Columns_(Initials)"><span id="Columns_.28Initials.29"></span>Columns (Initials)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Columns (Initials)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each table is divided into six large columns representing syllables' <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a>: </p> <ul><li>"Lip sounds" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">唇音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">chúnyīn</span></i>)</li> <li>"Tongue sounds" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">舌音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shéyīn</span></i>)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">Molar</a> sounds" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">牙音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">yáyīn</span></i>)</li> <li>"Tooth sounds" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">齒音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">chǐyīn</span></i>)</li> <li>"Throat sounds" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">喉音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">hóuyīn</span></i>)</li> <li>"Tongue-tooth sounds" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">舌齒音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shéchǐyīn</span></i>)</li></ul> <p>Large columns are further subdivided into two to five smaller columns, which can represent one of four possible sub-categories:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><ul><li>"Clear" sounds (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">清</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">qīng</span></i>) – <a href="/wiki/Voicing_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voicing (phonetics)">voiceless</a> <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">unaspirated</a></li> <li>"Secondarily-clear" sounds (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">次清</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">cìqīng</span></i>) – <a href="/wiki/Voicing_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voicing (phonetics)">voiceless</a> <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></li> <li>"Muddy" sounds (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">濁</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zhuó</span></i>) – <a href="/wiki/Voicing_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voicing (phonetics)">voiced</a></li> <li>"Clear-muddy" sounds (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">清濁</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">qīngzhuó</span></i>) – <a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">nasal stops</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The <i>Yunjing</i> tables have only 23 columns – some columns represent more than one of the 36 possible initial consonants. Other rhyme tables, such as the <i>Qieyun zhizhangtu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">切韻指掌圖</span>), do not combine the initials and have 36 full columns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhyme_dictionary" title="Rhyme dictionary">Rhyme dictionary</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qiyin_l%C3%BCe" title="Qiyin lüe">Qiyin lüe</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199242_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaxter1992">Baxter (1992)</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter199243_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaxter1992">Baxter (1992)</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Baxter" title="William H. Baxter">Baxter, William H.</a> (1992), <i>A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology</i>, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-012324-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-012324-1"><bdi>978-3-11-012324-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Old+Chinese+Phonology&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-11-012324-1&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYunjing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weldon_South_Coblin" class="mw-redirect" title="Weldon South Coblin">Coblin, W. South</a>. "Northwest reflections on the <i>Yunjing</i>." <i>T’oung Pao</i> 82 (1996): 349–363.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Pulleyblank" title="Edwin G. Pulleyblank">Pulleyblank, Edwin G.</a> "<i>Qieyun</i> and <i>Yunjing</i>: The Essential Foundation for Chinese Historical Linguistics." <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i> 118.2 (1998): 200–216.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunjing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dictionaries_for_scripts_using_Chinese_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dictionaries_of_Chinese" title="Template:Dictionaries of Chinese"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dictionaries_of_Chinese" title="Template talk:Dictionaries of Chinese"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dictionaries_of_Chinese" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dictionaries of Chinese"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dictionaries_for_scripts_using_Chinese_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dictionary" title="Chinese dictionary">Dictionaries</a> for scripts using <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monolingual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters<br />(<span lang="zh">字</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zì</span></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shizhoupian" title="Shizhoupian">Shizhoupian</a></i> 史籀篇 <span style="font-size:85%;">(first millennium BCE)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erya" title="Erya">Erya</a></i> 爾雅 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3rd century BC</span>)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cangjiepian" title="Cangjiepian">Cangjiepian</a></i> 倉頡篇 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 220 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jijiupian" title="Jijiupian">Jijiupian</a></i> 急就篇 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 40 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi" title="Shuowen Jiezi">Shuowen Jiezi</a></i> 說文解字 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiming" title="Shiming">Shiming</a></i> 釋名 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 200)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guangya" title="Guangya">Guangya</a></i> 廣雅 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 230)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Erya" title="Xiao Erya">Xiao Erya</a></i> 小爾雅 <span style="font-size:85%;">(3rd century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zilin" title="Zilin">Zilin</a></i> 字林 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 350)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziyuan_(book)" title="Ziyuan (book)">Ziyuan</a></i> 字苑 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 4th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yupian" title="Yupian">Yupian</a></i> 玉篇 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 543)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganlu_Zishu" title="Ganlu Zishu">Ganlu Zishu</a></i> 干祿字書 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 7th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leipian" title="Leipian">Leipian</a></i> 類篇 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1066)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piya" title="Piya">Piya</a></i> 埤雅 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 11th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zitong_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Zitong dictionary">Zitong</a></i> 字通 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1254)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihui" title="Zihui">Zihui</a></i> 字彙 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1615)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhengzitong" title="Zhengzitong">Zhengzitong</a></i> 正字通 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1627)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Dictionary" title="Kangxi Dictionary">Kangxi Dictionary</a></i> 康熙字典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1716)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi_Zhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuowen Jiezi Zhu">Shuowen Jiezi Zhu</a></i> 說文解字注 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1815)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_Da_Zidian" title="Zhonghua Da Zidian">Zhonghua Da Zidian</a></i> 中華大字典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_Dictionary" title="Xinhua Dictionary">Xinhua Dictionary</a></i> 新华字典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Da_Zidian" title="Hanyu Da Zidian">Hanyu Da Zidian</a></i> 漢語大字典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_Zihai" title="Zhonghua Zihai">Zhonghua Zihai</a></i> 中华字海 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Words<br />(<span lang="zh-Hant">詞</span>／<span lang="zh-Hans">词</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">cí</span></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ciyuan" title="Ciyuan">Ciyuan</a></i> 辭源 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_Mandarin_Chinese_Dictionary" title="Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary">Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary</a></i> 教育部國語辭典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cihai" title="Cihai">Cihai</a></i> 辭海 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongwen_Da_Cidian" title="Zhongwen Da Cidian">Zhongwen Da Cidian</a></i> 中文大辭典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</a></i> 现代汉语词典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Da_Cidian" title="Hanyu Da Cidian">Hanyu Da Cidian</a></i> 漢語大詞典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Guifan_Cidian" title="Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian</a></i> 现代汉语规范词典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rime_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Rime dictionary">Rime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenglei" title="Shenglei">Shenglei</a></i> 聲類 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 230)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qieyun" title="Qieyun">Qieyun</a></i> 切韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(601)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanmiu_Buque_Qieyun" title="Kanmiu Buque Qieyun">Kanmiu Buque Qieyun</a></i> 刊謬補缺切韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(706)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tangyun" title="Tangyun">Tangyun</a></i> 唐韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(732)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yunhai_jingyuan" title="Yunhai jingyuan">Yunhai jingyuan</a></i> 韻海鏡源 <span style="font-size:85%;">(780)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guangyun" title="Guangyun">Guangyun</a></i> 廣韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1008)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiyun" title="Jiyun">Jiyun</a></i> 集韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1037)</span></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yunjing</a></i> 韻鏡 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1161)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qiyin_l%C3%BCe" title="Qiyin lüe">Qiyin lüe</a></i> 七音略 <span style="font-size:85%;">(before 1161)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pingshui_Yun" title="Pingshui Yun">Pingshui Yun</a></i> 平水韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 12th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Menggu_Ziyun" title="Menggu Ziyun">Menggu Ziyun</a></i> 蒙古字韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(14th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Yinyun" title="Zhongyuan Yinyun">Zhongyuan Yinyun</a></i> 中原音韻 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1324)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qi_Lin_Bayin" title="Qi Lin Bayin">Qi Lin Bayin</a></i> 戚林八音 <span style="font-size:85%;">(17th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peiwen_Yunfu" title="Peiwen Yunfu">Peiwen Yunfu</a></i> 佩文韻府 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1711)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fangyan_(book)" title="Fangyan (book)">Fangyan</a></i> 方言 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 1st century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Dictionary_of_Modern_Chinese_Dialects" title="Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects">Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects</a></i> 現代漢語方言大詞典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exegetical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jingdian_Shiwen" title="Jingdian Shiwen">Jingdian Shiwen</a></i> 經典釋文 <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 583)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yiqiejing_Yinyi_(Xuanying)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)">Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)</a></i> 一切經音義 (玄英) <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 649)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yiqiejing_Yinyi_(Huilin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)">Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)</a></i> 一切經音義 (慧琳) <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 807)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longkan_Shoujian" title="Longkan Shoujian">Longkan Shoujian</a></i> 龍龕手鑒 <span style="font-size:85%;">(997)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biographical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_Renming_Dacidian" title="Zhongguo Renming Dacidian">Zhongguo Renming Dacidian</a></i> 中國人名大辭典 <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_dictionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingual dictionaries">Bilingual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chinese–English" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese–English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_Chinese_Language" title="A Dictionary of the Chinese Language">A Dictionary of the Chinese Language</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1823)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medhurst%27s_Chinese_and_English_Dictionary" title="Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary">Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1842)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Syllabic_Dictionary_of_the_Chinese_Language" title="A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language">A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1874)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chinese%E2%80%93English_Dictionary" title="A Chinese–English Dictionary">A Chinese–English Dictionary</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1892)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Thousand_Dictionary" title="The Five Thousand Dictionary">The Five Thousand Dictionary</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathews%27_Chinese%E2%80%93English_Dictionary" title="Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary">Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concise_Dictionary_of_Spoken_Chinese" title="Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese">Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grammata_Serica_Recensa" title="Grammata Serica Recensa">Grammata Serica Recensa</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lin_Yutang%27s_Chinese-English_Dictionary_of_Modern_Usage" title="Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage">Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ABC_Chinese%E2%80%93English_Dictionary" title="ABC Chinese–English Dictionary">ABC Chinese–English Dictionary</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Online" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEDICT" title="CEDICT">CEDICT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pearl_in_the_Palm" title="Pearl in the Palm">Pearl in the Palm</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tangut; 12th century)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentaglot_Dictionary" title="Pentaglot Dictionary">Pentaglot Dictionary</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Manchu; 1794)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dai_Kan-Wa_Jiten" title="Dai Kan-Wa Jiten">Dai Kan-Wa Jiten</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Japanese; 1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ricci" title="Grand Ricci">Le Grand Ricci</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(French; 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han-Han_Dae_Sajeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Han-Han Dae Sajeon">Han-Han Dae Sajeon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Korean)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dictionaries" title="List of Chinese dictionaries">List of Chinese dictionaries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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