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Consumer Choice | Google Public Policy
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class="glue-page"> <section class="component-spacing hero hero--left"> <div class="glue-grid"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-11 glue-grid__col--span-12-md"> <h1 class="kof-headline glue-headline glue-headline--headline-hero-text hero__title">Supporting consumer choice</h1> <div class="glue-grid"> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-2 hero__description glue-grid__col--span-11 glue-grid__col--span-11-md glue-grid__col--span-12-sm">Google’s work on data portability expands choice and supports an ecosystem of growth and innovation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="component-spacing kof-jumplinks"> <ul class="jumplinks__list"> <li class="jumplinks__item"> <a class="jumplinks__link js-analytics-click" href="#overview" data-slug="overview" data-ga4='{ "event": "anchor_link_click", "module_name": "Jumplinks", "section_header": "Jumplinks" }'>Overview</a> </li> <li class="jumplinks__item"> <a class="jumplinks__link js-analytics-click" href="#resources" data-slug="resources" data-ga4='{ "event": "anchor_link_click", "module_name": "Jumplinks", "section_header": "Jumplinks" }'>Resources</a> </li> <li class="jumplinks__item"> <a class="jumplinks__link js-analytics-click" href="#faq" data-slug="faq" data-ga4='{ "event": "anchor_link_click", "module_name": "Jumplinks", "section_header": "Jumplinks" }'>FAQ</a> </li> <li class="jumplinks__item"> <a class="jumplinks__link js-analytics-click" href="#related-content" data-slug="related-content" data-ga4='{ "event": "anchor_link_click", "module_name": "Jumplinks", "section_header": "Jumplinks" }'>Related Content</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section id="overview" class="component-spacing facts-and-figures js-analytics-impression" data-ga4='{"module_name": "OVERVIEW", "section_header": "OVERVIEW"}'> <hr class="kof-divider"> <h2 class="kof-type glue-type glue-type--type-eyebrow facts-and-figures__eyebrow">OVERVIEW</h2> <div class="glue-grid facts-and-figures__item facts-and-figures__item--image-text"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-5 glue-grid__col--span-12-md facts-and-figures__col facts-and-figures__col--media facts-and-figures__col--has-video"> <div class="video facts-and-figures__video glue-video" data-ga4='{"module_name": "", "module_name_el": ".facts-and-figures__eyebrow", "section_header": "", "section_header_el": ".hero__title"}'> <div class="glue-video__preview-container glue-video__preview-container--inline"> <picture class="image glue-video__preview video__image"> <img class="glue-video__preview-image image__img" loading="lazy" alt="Video preview image" src=""> </picture> <div class="glue-video__info"> <svg role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-video__play-button glue-video__play-button--white"> <use xlink:href="/static/img/svg/video-youtube-kof.svg#video-youtube-kof"></use> </svg> <div class="glue-video__timestamp-container"> <span class="glue-video__timestamp glue-video__timestamp--dark"> <svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--20px glue-video__timestamp-icon"> <use xlink:href="/static/img/glue-icons.svg#access-time"></use> </svg> <span class="glue-label glue-video__timestamp-duration kof-type--timestamp"></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-video__container glue-video__container--inline" data-glue-yt-video-vid="_mVhmDnhrWo"> </div> <div class="glue-video__nojs"> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mVhmDnhrWo">Link to Youtube Video</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-1 glue-grid__col--span-0-md glue-grid__col--span-0-sm"></div> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-6 glue-grid__col--span-12-md facts-and-figures__col"> <div class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-2 facts-and-figures__paragraph"> <p>When people can easily switch to a new product or service without the fear of losing access to their data, companies are encouraged to provide the best possible services to win over new users. </p> <p>Google has been at the forefront of data portability for more than a decade and we continue to prioritize the development of data portability tools that make it easier for users to transfer their data between different services.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="resources" class="component-spacing work-with-others js-analytics-impression" data-ga4='{"module_name": "RESOURCES", "section_header": ""}'> <hr class="kof-divider"> <h2 class="kof-type glue-type glue-type--type-eyebrow work-with-others__eyebrow">RESOURCES</h2> <div class="glue-grid work-with-others__cards"> <a class="work-with-others-card glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4-xl glue-grid__col--span-6 glue-grid__col--span-12-md js-analytics-click" aria-label="Building data portability to help consumers choose" href="https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/building-data-portability-help-consumers-choose/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ga4='{ "event": "card_click", "module_name": "RESOURCES", "section_header": "", "link_text": "Building data portability to help consumers choose" }'> <div class="card__wrapper" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="card__wrapper--image"> <picture class="image grid-row-gap card__image"> <img class="image__img" loading="lazy" src="https://www.gstatic.com/marketing-cms/assets/images/99/c0/58b5fa794a50808804994d6f0ee9/default-1-1.png" alt="Placeholder image"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__content card__content--image"> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-5 card__date"> Mar 09, 2022 </p> <div class="card__title-wrapper"> <h3 class="kof-headline glue-headline glue-headline--headline-7 card__title">Building data portability to help consumers choose</h3> </div> <div class="partner-wrapper"> <div class="partner"> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-6 partner__text">Markham Erickson and Ali Lange, Google</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a class="work-with-others-card glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4-xl glue-grid__col--span-6 glue-grid__col--span-12-md js-analytics-click" aria-label="About the Data Transfer Initiative" href="https://dtinit.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ga4='{ "event": "card_click", "module_name": "RESOURCES", "section_header": "", "link_text": "About the Data Transfer Initiative" }'> <div class="card__wrapper" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="card__wrapper--image"> <picture class="image grid-row-gap card__image"> <img class="image__img" loading="lazy" src="/static/img/card/default-1.webp" alt=""> </picture> </div> <div class="card__content card__content--image"> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-5 card__date"> Mar 28, 2023 </p> <div class="card__title-wrapper"> <h3 class="kof-headline glue-headline glue-headline--headline-7 card__title">About the Data Transfer Initiative</h3> </div> <div class="partner-wrapper"> <div class="partner"> <picture class="image partner__image"> <img class="image__img" loading="lazy" src="https://www.gstatic.com/marketing-cms/assets/images/7c/59/6decfc7b45fb9586bc0a10a39dad/favicon-sizedforsocial1.jpg" alt=""> </picture> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-6 partner__text--image">Working with The Data Transfer Initiative</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a class="work-with-others-card glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4-xl glue-grid__col--span-6 glue-grid__col--span-12-md js-analytics-click" aria-label="Big Data: Implications for Competition and Consumers" href="https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Erickson%20Testimony.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ga4='{ "event": "card_click", "module_name": "RESOURCES", "section_header": "", "link_text": "Big Data: Implications for Competition and Consumers" }'> <div class="card__wrapper" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="card__wrapper--image"> <picture class="image grid-row-gap card__image"> <img class="image__img" loading="lazy" src="https://www.gstatic.com/marketing-cms/assets/images/73/8b/a543107b48f9ae948e7e6694e25b/default-3-1.png" alt="Placeholder image "> </picture> </div> <div class="card__content card__content--image"> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-5 card__date"> Sep 21, 2021 </p> <div class="card__title-wrapper"> <h3 class="kof-headline glue-headline glue-headline--headline-7 card__title">Big Data: Implications for Competition and Consumers</h3> </div> <div class="partner-wrapper"> <div class="partner"> <p class="kof-paragraph glue-paragraph glue-paragraph--paragraph-6 partner__text">Written Testimony of Markham Erickson, Google</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="component-spacing accordion js-analytics-impression" data-ga4='{ "module_name": "FAQ", "section_header": "FAQ" }'> <div class="glue-expansion-panels" data-module-name="FAQ" data-section-header="FAQ"> <hr class="kof-divider"> <h2 class="kof-type glue-type glue-type--type-eyebrow accordion__label">FAQ</h2> <div class="glue-expansion-panel"> <h3 class="glue-expansion-panel__toggle"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__button" id="panel-1" data-glue-expansion-panel-toggle-for="content-1"> <div class="glue-grid glue-expansion-panel__header-span"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__header-title"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--mobile"> How is data used to build products or companies today? </span> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--desktop"> How is data used to build products or companies today? </span> </div> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4"> <svg role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--16px glue-icon glue-expansion-panel__header-arrow"> <use xlink:href="/static/img/glue-icons.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="accordion__preview-wrapper glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--mobile"> <p>Consumers have many choices over where they share their data, and they can and do choose to share the...</p> </div> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--desktop"> <p>Consumers have many choices over where they share their data, and they can and do choose to share the same data with multiple providers. <a href="https://commoncrawl.org/" target="_blank"><u>Commoncrawl</u></a> has an open repository of web crawl data that can be...</p> </div> </div> </div> </span> </h3> <div class="glue-grid"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__content" id="content-1"> <div class="accordion__content-wrapper"> <p>Consumers have many choices over where they share their data, and they can and do choose to share the same data with multiple providers. <a href="https://commoncrawl.org/" target="_blank"><u>Commoncrawl</u></a> has an open repository of web crawl data that can be accessed and analyzed by anyone. But, data alone does not build good products or create successful companies.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-expansion-panel"> <h3 class="glue-expansion-panel__toggle"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__button" id="panel-2" data-glue-expansion-panel-toggle-for="content-2"> <div class="glue-grid glue-expansion-panel__header-span"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__header-title"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--mobile"> Is data easy to copy, process, and store? </span> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--desktop"> Is data easy to copy, process, and store? </span> </div> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4"> <svg role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--16px glue-icon glue-expansion-panel__header-arrow"> <use xlink:href="/static/img/glue-icons.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="accordion__preview-wrapper glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--mobile"> <p>Today’s open source software and cloud computing tools, unlike the closed, proprietary software of the...</p> </div> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--desktop"> <p>Today’s open source software and cloud computing tools, unlike the closed, proprietary software of the 1990s, make it easy for new entrants to copy and process data. The cost of storing data today is a...</p> </div> </div> </div> </span> </h3> <div class="glue-grid"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__content" id="content-2"> <div class="accordion__content-wrapper"> <p>Today’s open source software and cloud computing tools, unlike the closed, proprietary software of the 1990s, make it easy for new entrants to copy and process data. The cost of storing data today is a fraction of what it once was— $600 can buy storage for all of the world’s music. As a result, startups enjoy lower fixed costs than they would have a decade ago, often lower than the costs of older incumbents. These lowered barriers to entry encourage new players to compete.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-expansion-panel"> <h3 class="glue-expansion-panel__toggle"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__button" id="panel-3" data-glue-expansion-panel-toggle-for="content-3"> <div class="glue-grid glue-expansion-panel__header-span"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__header-title"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--mobile"> How does Google support data portability? </span> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--desktop"> How does Google support data portability? </span> </div> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4"> <svg role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--16px glue-icon glue-expansion-panel__header-arrow"> <use xlink:href="/static/img/glue-icons.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="accordion__preview-wrapper glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--mobile"> <p>We make it possible for users to move their Search history and other content to competing services, so...</p> </div> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--desktop"> <p>We make it possible for users to move their Search history and other content to competing services, so no one feels stuck using ours. We’ve built tools for data portability for many years and recently...</p> </div> </div> </div> </span> </h3> <div class="glue-grid"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__content" id="content-3"> <div class="accordion__content-wrapper"> <p>We make it possible for users to move their Search history and other content to competing services, so no one feels stuck using ours. We’ve built tools for data portability for many years and recently worked with other leading tech companies to launch the <a href="https://datatransferproject.dev/" target="_blank"><u>Data Transfer Project</u></a>, making it even easier for people to transfer data to rival platforms.</p> <p>Since 2011, <a href="https://takeout.google.com/u/0/settings/takeout" target="_blank"><u>Google Takeout</u></a> allows users to export their data from a host of our services and download them into easily accessible files.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-expansion-panel"> <h3 class="glue-expansion-panel__toggle"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__button" id="panel-4" data-glue-expansion-panel-toggle-for="content-4"> <div class="glue-grid glue-expansion-panel__header-span"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__header-title"> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--mobile"> Is Google a leader in open-source data? </span> <span class="glue-expansion-panel__header-text accordion--desktop"> Is Google a leader in open-source data? </span> </div> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4"> <svg role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--16px glue-icon glue-expansion-panel__header-arrow"> <use xlink:href="/static/img/glue-icons.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="accordion__preview-wrapper glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--mobile"> <p>We’ve released millions of lines of code for others to use for free. For example, our open source...</p> </div> <div class="accordion__preview accordion--desktop"> <p>We’ve released millions of lines of code for others to use for free. For example, our open source browser software Chromium is used by competitors like Microsoft. Our open source machine learning...</p> </div> </div> </div> </span> </h3> <div class="glue-grid"> <div class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-8 glue-expansion-panel__content" id="content-4"> <div class="accordion__content-wrapper"> <p>We’ve released millions of lines of code for others to use for free. For example, our open source browser software Chromium is used by competitors like Microsoft. Our open source machine learning platform TensorFlow makes cutting-edge AI capabilities publicly available. We offer free open datasets (<a href="https://ai.googleblog.com/2019/05/announcing-open-images-v5-and-iccv-2019.html" target="_blank"><u>images</u></a>, <a href="https://research.google.com/youtube8m/" target="_blank"><u>videos</u></a>, <a href="https://research.google/pubs/pub47761/" target="_blank"><u>natural questions</u></a>) to foster research. We’ve <a href="https://research.google/pubs/" target="_blank"><u>published</u></a> over 7,000 research papers sharing ideas to advance science. All of this data sharing supports innovation, thereby helping consumers.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="related-content" class="component-spacing related-content js-analytics-impression" data-ga4='{ "module_name": "Related Content", "section_header": "Related Content" }'> <hr class="kof-divider"> <h2 class="kof-type glue-type glue-type--type-eyebrow related-content__eyebrow">Related Content</h2> <div class="glue-grid related-content__card-list"> <a class=" js-analytics-click glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-4 glue-grid__col--span-4-sm glue-grid__col--span-12-md glue-grid__col--span-6-lg glue-grid__col--span-4-xl related-content__card-content" href="/economic-opportunity/" aria-label="Economic Opportunity " data-ga4='{ "event": "card_click", "module_name": "Related Content", "page_location":"", "section_header": "" }'> <div class="related-content__card-link"><span class="related-content__kof-headline kof-headline kof-headline--headline-10"> Economic 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