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المفقودين">العراق: جهود جديدة لتعقب المفقودين</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human Rights</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/disappearances/" rel="tag">disappearances</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/missing-persons/" rel="tag">missing persons</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote> <p><a title="rayhan_nasir_captioned_arabic by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillasguides/5674855277/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; margin: 5px 7px 0px 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" alt="rayhan_nasir_captioned_arabic" align="left" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104im_/http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5187/5674855277_0477a128c8_o.jpg" width="200" height="320"/></a>أفاد مدير مكتب القائد العام للقوات المسلحة الفريق أول فاروق الأعرجي أن الحكومة العراقية قامت بتشكيل لجنة للبحث عن آلاف العراقيين المفقودين منذ الغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة عام 2003 وأطاح بصدام حسين. <br/>وقال الأعرجي في مؤتمر صحفي في بغداد يوم 25 أبريل: "تعريفنا للأشخاص المفقودين هم أولئك الذين اختفوا في العمليات العسكرية والهجمات الإرهابية أو أولئك الذين اختطفوا ولم يظهروا حتى الآن". <br/>وأضاف أنه "يجب على الأسر تقديم الوثائق التي تثبت تسجيل الحادث [الذي أدى إلى اختفائهم] في سجلات الشرطة، وصورة [للشخص] المفقود ورقم هاتفه إلى مكاتب قوات الأمن في جميع المحافظات بدءاً من 2 مايو". </p> </blockquote></div> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/01/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86/#more-13202" class="more-link">» أقرأ التفاصيل .. | Read the rest of this entry »</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13154"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/27/iraq-fresh-effort-to-trace-missing-persons/#respond" title="Comment on IRAQ: Fresh effort to trace missing persons">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 27th, 2011 by Diya al din</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/27/iraq-fresh-effort-to-trace-missing-persons/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to IRAQ: Fresh effort to trace missing persons">IRAQ: Fresh effort to trace missing persons</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/disappearances/" rel="tag">disappearances</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/features/" rel="tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/missing-persons/" rel="tag">missing persons</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p> </p> <blockquote><p>The government has set up a committee to trace thousands of Iraqis missing since the 2003 US-led invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein, says an official. <br/>“Our definition of missing people are those who disappeared in military operations, terrorist attacks or those who are reported kidnapped but have not appeared yet,” Maj. Farouk Al-Araji, office manager of the Chief Commander of Iraq’s Military Command, told a news conference in Baghdad on 25 April. <br/>“The families have to submit the documents that prove the incident [that led to their disappearance] is registered in the police records, a picture of the missing [person] and phone number to the offices of security forces in all provinces starting from May 2,” Al-Araji added. <br/>The families will have 15 days to submit all the required documents, he added. <br/>The government committee includes representatives from the ministries of defence, interior, national security, health, justice and human rights, in addition to intelligence services and anti-terrorism forces. <br/>According to the human rights ministry, 14,025 people have been registered missing since 2003 and only seven have been found yet in morgues. Kamil Arkan, the ministry’s representative on the committee, said the number is believed to be higher because many cases went unreported. <br/>Following the 2003 invasion, Iraq suffered years of bloody violence that started with militant attacks against Iraqi and US-led forces, government employees and people working with western companies and organizations. <br/>The violence reached its climax after the February 2006 bombing of a Shia shrine by Sunni extremists, which locked the country in tit-for-tat sectarian killings between the two main Muslim sects. <br/>The security situation started improving in 2008 as Iraqi security forces backed by US forces launched a nationwide crackdown against Sunni and Shia militants alike. <br/>After that, relatives started placing pictures of the missing in daily newspapers and television programmes in an effort to locate them.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92594" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Fresh effort to trace missing persons | Iraq | Conflict | Human Rights | Security</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13058"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/18/iraq-new-push-for-water-deals-with-turkey-syria/#respond" title="Comment on IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 18th, 2011 by Maryam</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/18/iraq-new-push-for-water-deals-with-turkey-syria/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria">IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agricultural-land/" rel="tag">agricultural land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/average-rainfall/" rel="tag">average rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/construction-of-dams/" rel="tag">construction of dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/river-euphrates/" rel="tag">river euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>BAGHDAD, 18 April 2011 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92504" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN</a>) – Iraq is renewing efforts to reach deals with Syria and Turkey to increase water levels on the River Euphrates which flows from these two countries into Iraq, and on which Iraq is heavily dependent for agriculture and electricity generation. </p> <p>Turkey has tentatively agreed to increase water levels on the river to allow Iraq to reactivate the 400-megawatt Haditha hydroelectric power station, officials say. </p> <p>The deal – set to be concluded in two months’ time – could be part of a wider agreement with Turkey to import 200 megawatts of electricity, said a spokesman of the Iraqi Electricity Ministry, Musaab Al-Mudaris. </p> <p>An Iraqi delegation is heading to Syria later this week to try to strike a similar deal. In recent years water levels have steadily fallen on the Euphrates due to below-average rainfall and the construction of dams in Turkey and Syria. </p> <p>Iraq produces about 7,500 megawatts a day – less than half of current demand – and low water levels on the Euphrates (and the Tigris) have forced some hydroelectricity plants to reduce output or close. </p> <p>For many years Iraqi officials have been pressing Syria and Turkey to sign agreements specifying a fixed share of the water from these two rivers for Iraq, but no deal has been reached. </p> <p>“Iraq could experience more (water-related) problems, complexities and challenges unless it gets its fair share of water… Iraq faces great challenges in maintaining its wetlands and agricultural land,” said Ali Al-Alak, the Cabinet general secretary.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92504" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria | Iraq | Economy | Environment | Urban Risk | Water & Sanitation</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12961"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/06/lack-of-mine-maps-hampers-demining/#respond" title="Comment on Lack of mine maps hampers demining">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 6th, 2011 by Hussein Al-Bayati</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/06/lack-of-mine-maps-hampers-demining/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Lack of mine maps hampers demining">Lack of mine maps hampers demining</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/defence-ministry/" rel="tag">defence ministry</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/demining/" rel="tag">demining</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/economic-development/" rel="tag">Economic development</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/landmines/" rel="tag">Landmines</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/political-instability/" rel="tag">political instability</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>BAGHDAD, 6 April 2011 (IRIN) – Lack of detailed mine maps in Iraq and the current political instability have hampered mine-clearance efforts, officials say. </p> <p>“Iraq is one of the most contaminated countries in the world," Deputy Environment Minister Kamal Hussein Latif said. “It has nearly a quarter of the world’s landmines and that has become a heavy legacy hindering economic development and health." </p> <p>Landmines have been laid in Iraq since the 1960s by various governments fighting pro-independence Kurdish rebels in the north; during the 1980-88 Iraq-Iran war; and in the years prior to the 2003 US-led invasion. </p> <p>“The hardest challenge we face today is that no maps were left from the previous regime for landmines which were planted randomly – and that makes clearance operations very hard,” Latif told reporters in Baghdad at a news conference to mark International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action on 4 April. </p> <p>Speaking at the same news conference, Daniel Augstburger, chief humanitarian affairs officer at the UN Assistance Mission, said: “Clearance is very slow due to security constraints. The unexploded devices are one of the main principle reasons stopping development in Iraq.” </p> <p>The longer the mines were left in the ground, Augstburger added, the more dangerous they would become to local communities, and the more they would affect agricultural and economic activity. </p> <p>Iraq joined the Ottawa Convention which bans the use of anti-personnel mines in 2008, committing itself not to use, produce, acquire or export landmines. It also committed to clearing all its landmines by 2018. </p> <p>However, Latif said Iraq would not be able to meet that target because of insecurity and the lack of professional deminers. Currently, there are only about 2,000 at the Defence Ministry, and 13 private companies. </p> <p>“If I want to clear all the landmines in the coming 10 years, I need hundreds of specialized companies and 19,000 professional deminers,” he said. </p> <p>According to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.iauiraq.org/documents/1333/Landmine%20Factsheet.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">UN figures</a> Iraq’s contaminated sites cover an estimated 1,730sqkm and affect around 1.6 million people. Landmines and unexploded ordnance killed or injured an average of two Iraqis every week in 2009, of whom 80 percent were boys and young men aged 15-29. Between 48,000 and 68,000 Iraqis have undergone amputations due to landmine and unexploded ordinances. </p> <p>In May or June, Latif said, the government will start a national programme to determine contaminated areas and the exact number of the landmines.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92386" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Lack of mine maps hampers demining | Iraq | Human Rights | Security | Urban Risk</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12875"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/28/funding-shortfall-hits-plans-for-idps-returnees/#respond" title="Comment on Funding shortfall hits plans for IDPs, returnees">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 28th, 2011 by Khaled</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/28/funding-shortfall-hits-plans-for-idps-returnees/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Funding shortfall hits plans for IDPs, returnees">Funding shortfall hits plans for IDPs, returnees</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/brookings-institution/" rel="tag">Brookings Institution</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/displacement/" rel="tag">displacement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/economy/" rel="tag">Economy</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/education/" rel="tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/health/" rel="tag">Health</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/idps-internal-refugees/" rel="tag">IDPs (Internal Refugees)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/infrastructure/" rel="tag">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/internal-displacement/" rel="tag">internal displacement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iom/" rel="tag">IOM</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugees/" rel="tag">iraqi refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/migration/" rel="tag">migration</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/photos/" rel="tag">Photos</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-agency/" rel="tag">refugee agency</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-resettlement/" rel="tag">refugee resettlement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees-resettlement-of/" rel="tag">Refugees - resettlement of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees-international/" rel="tag">Refugees International</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resettlement/" rel="tag">resettlement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/returnees/" rel="tag">returnees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rule-of-law/" rel="tag">Rule of law</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sectarian-violence/" rel="tag">sectarian violence</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/statistics/" rel="tag">statistics</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/who/" rel="tag">WHO</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>BAGHDAD, 28 February 2011 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=92060" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN</a>) – Iraqi government plans for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees may not be fully implemented this year because of a funding shortfall, says Deputy Minister for Displacement and Migration Azhar Al-Mousawi. </p> <p> <a title="IDPs_in_northern_Baghdad_receive_aid_from_Red_Crescent_Society_volunteers_file_photo_caption by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillasguides/5568216047/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="display: inline; float: left; margin: 3px 10px 5px 0px" height="262" alt="IDPs_in_northern_Baghdad_receive_aid_from_Red_Crescent_Society_volunteers_file_photo_caption" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104im_/http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5222/5568216047_d9befe0a3e_o.jpg" width="350" align="left"/></a> <p>“We have set [up] a lot of big projects this year, but the ministry – according to the allocated budget – may not be able to implement its commitments,” he told IRIN on 26 February. </p> <p>In January, the government announced plans to tackle internal displacement, and monitor and assist Iraqi refugees abroad. It sought to encourage IDPs to go back to their areas of origin, stay in the areas they have ended up in, or help them move to a new area. </p> <p>The government also established “Return Assistance Centres” in Baghdad, and offered a financial assistance package of US$850 and a six-month rental compensation package for registered IDPs. </p> <p>“We have plans to tackle internal displacement, help the returnees and encourage expatriates [mainly doctors and teachers who fled the violence] to return," Mousawi said. "All these plans need money [but] what we have is not enough." </p> <p>According to the UN Secretary-General’s representative on the rights of IDPs, Walter Kalin, the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-8EBLQH?OpenDocument&rc=3&cc=irq" class="external" target="_blank">scale and history of forced displacement</a> in Iraq  has created a complex situation that needs a “comprehensive strategy” to address the immediate humanitarian needs and human rights of displacement-affected communities, and find durable solutions. </p> <p>“Iraq has suffered many waves of internal displacement throughout its recent past as a result of conflict, sectarian violence, and forced population movements associated with policies of the former regime – with an estimated 1.55 million persons remaining in displacement since 2006,” Kalin said in a 16 February report. </p> <p>“This situation is compounded by a marked deterioration of basic infrastructures and services across the country, lack of livelihoods and economic opportunities, continuing insecurity and sectarian divisions, as well as serious deficits in relation to governance, rule of law and the capacity of government structures." </p> <p>According to the Washington-based <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://csis.org/" class="external" target="_blank">Centre for Strategic and International Studies</a>, Iraqi IDPs and refugees are unwilling to return to their places of origin because of continued real or perceived threats of violence: Their homes were either destroyed or occupied by others; and they lacked employment opportunities and access to essential services. </p> <h3>Seeking partners</h3> <p>Mousawi said his ministry, which is mandated to implement government plans for IDPs and returnees, was only allocated the equivalent of US$250 million this year, but needs $416-500 million to fully implement its plans. Iraq’s parliament approved an $82.6 billion budget on 20 February. </p> <p>The ministry, he added, would review its plans and seek partners mainly in the UN. “Our priority is to help displaced people and returnees to meet their needs,” he said. “But returnees will need more to be spent on them than those still displaced because they need health, education and other services." </p> <p>Funding shortfalls have also affected the work of international organizations. In its 2011 Global Appeal, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) said its budget for this year in Iraq was about $210.6 million, lamenting a 20-40 percent funding shortfall. </p> <p>“Some returnees and IDPs remain in dire circumstances that require urgent humanitarian interventions,” it said in an appeal earlier this year. </p> <p>(For latest statistics on returnees and IDPs by governorate, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.iauiraq.org/documents/1300/Return%20Update%20IRAQ%20JAN%202011.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">see</a>) </p> <p>According to Kalin, over 75 percent of IDPs live in rented accommodation or with host families, while over 20 percent live in irregular settlements, former military camps, tents and public buildings. </p> <p>There are an estimated 1.5 million IDPs across the country, according to Refugees International and the Brookings Institution. Many of these fled their homes after sectarian violence broke out following the 2003 war that toppled Saddam Hussein. </p> <p>(For a recent IOM review of displacement and return in Iraq since 2006, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.iauiraq.org/documents/1308/librar.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">see</a>) </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=92060" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Funding shortfall hits plans for IDPs, returnees | Iraq | Economy | Refugees/IDPs</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12873"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/28/violence-hits-education/#respond" title="Comment on Violence hits education">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 28th, 2011 by Khaled</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/03/28/violence-hits-education/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Violence hits education">Violence hits education</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/children/" title="View all posts in Children" rel="category tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/amil/" rel="tag">Amil</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/armed-conflict/" rel="tag">armed conflict</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/budget/" rel="tag">Budget</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/cairo/" rel="tag">Cairo</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/child-labour/" rel="tag">child labour</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/demonstrations/" rel="tag">Demonstrations</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/displacement/" rel="tag">displacement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/economic-situation/" rel="tag">economic situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/egypt/" rel="tag">Egypt</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hts/" rel="tag">HTS</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/illiteracy/" rel="tag">illiteracy</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/illiteracy-levels/" rel="tag">illiteracy levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/interior-ministry/" rel="tag">Interior Ministry</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugee/" rel="tag">iraqi refugee</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/jordan/" rel="tag">Jordan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kuwait/" rel="tag">kuwait</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/lebanon/" rel="tag">Lebanon</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/millennium-development-goals/" rel="tag">millennium development goals</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/photos/" rel="tag">Photos</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/port-said/" rel="tag">Port Said</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-children/" rel="tag">refugee children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rural-areas/" rel="tag">rural areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/schoolchildren/" rel="tag">schoolchildren</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/security-situation/" rel="tag">security situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/students/" rel="tag">Students</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sudan/" rel="tag">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unesco-report/" rel="tag">unesco report</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/violence/" rel="tag">violence</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>NAIROBI, 3 March 2011 (IRIN) – Several Middle Eastern countries such as Iraq and Yemen are unlikely to achieve the education-for-all Millennium Development Goals by 2015 because of insecurity and conflict, according to a new report by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). </p> <p> <a title="20110328_yemen_school_caption by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillasguides/5568168739/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="border-right: silver 1px solid; border-top: silver 1px solid; display: inline; float: left; margin: 3px 10px 5px 0px; border-left: silver 1px solid; border-bottom: silver 1px solid" height="326" alt="20110328_yemen_school_caption" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104im_/http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5063/5568168739_658b6e1305_o.jpg" width="350" align="left"/></a> <p>The education-for-all goals were endorsed by more than 160 countries in 2000. But according to Kevin Watkins, director of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/leading-the-international-agenda/efareport/reports/2011-conflict" class="external" target="_blank">UNESCO’s 2011 Global Monitoring Report</a>, children and education are not just getting caught in the cross-fire, they are increasingly the targets of violent conflict. </p> <p>"The failure of governments to protect human rights is causing children deep harm – and taking away their only chance of an education," he said. </p> <p>The UNESCO report, entitled The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education, says 35 countries were affected by armed conflict between 1999 and 2008, several in the Middle East. “Children and schools are on the front line of these conflicts, with classrooms, teachers and pupils seen as legitimate targets,” it noted. </p> <h3>Egypt </h3> <p>Recent demonstrations and clashes in Egypt led to the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, but also closed many schools. In mid-February, half-term was extended for two weeks. Schools in only seven of the country’s 29 governorates reopened after the recess, according to sources in Cairo. </p> <p>The Interior Ministry deployed police outside schools to beef up security and encourage a return to school, but thousands of parents still preferred to keep their children at home. </p> <p>“A deteriorating security situation hinders the opening of the schools and this affects the whole educational process,” Fathi al-Sharqawi, a professor of educational psychology at Cairo’s Ain Shams University, told IRIN. “Teachers will have to skip some parts of the curricula after the students go back to their classrooms, which will also affect these students’ learning badly.” </p> <p>Hundreds of parents have complained that their children are attacked by thugs on their way to school, according to human rights groups. The Egyptian Centre for Human Rights, for example, said some parents complain that criminals use weapons to grab money from children. </p> <p>Manal Abdul Aziz, an Egyptian journalist who opted for home-based tuition for her two children, told IRIN in Cairo: “There is total obscurity about the future of this academic year.” The cost of hiring five teachers for her two children (aged 12 and 15) is the equivalent of US$169 a month – a significant sum for most families. </p> <h3>Iraq</h3> <p><strong></strong>Decades of war in Iraq, UN sanctions, poor security and the economic situation have adversely affected education and increased illiteracy levels. According to data produced by the government and UNESCO in September, at least five million of Iraq’s almost 30 million people are illiterate. Of these, 14 percent are school-age children who left school to feed their families, are displaced or have no access to suitable schooling. </p> <p>Ahmed Khalid Jaafar, 14, told IRIN in Baghdad that he left school after his father died in an explosion three years ago, and sought work on the streets to feed his mother and two younger daughters. </p> <p>"I sell gum and my mother works is a seamstress," said Jaafar. "We make 200,000-300,000 dinars (US$160-250) a month. We spend that money on the most important things, mainly food. School is not important now." Jaafar and his family squat in an abandoned government building. </p> <p>The September data show that adult illiteracy in Iraq is now one of the highest in the Arab region. In rural areas, almost 30 percent of the population are unable to read or write. Significant gender disparities exist, with 40 percent of the illiterate being women. </p> <h3>Other countries </h3> <p>Bahrain is on track to achieve the goal of halving illiteracy levels by 2015, but countries like Iraq, Mauritania and Sudan are off track. "The recent experiences of Algeria, Egypt, Kuwait and Yemen show that literacy policy can be effective: all four countries have increased their adult literacy rates by at least 20 percentage points in the past 15-20 years," the UNESCO report said. </p> <p>In Yemen, a reallocation of 10 percent of the military budget to education would put an additional 840,000 children in school. In the north, 220 schools were destroyed, damaged or looted during fighting in 2009 and 2010 between government and rebel forces, according to the report. "In Yemen, many internally displaced children complement family income by begging, smuggling or collecting refuse, and there are concerns that child labour is increasing." </p> <p>In Syria, attendance rates in pre-school programmes varied from less than 4 percent for children in the poorest households, to just above 18 percent for wealthy households. </p> <h3>In harm’s way </h3> <p>According to the report, armed conflict places children directly in harm’s way. Some get killed while others are exploited as soldiers or forced to flee their homes and become refugees. </p> <p>“Children subject to the trauma, insecurity and displacement that come with armed conflict are unlikely to achieve their potential for learning,” it said. All too often, armed groups see the destruction of schools and the targeting of schoolchildren and teachers as a legitimate military strategy. </p> <p>In conflict situations, children fear to go to school, teachers to give classes and parents to send their children to school. According to UNESCO, in such situations, children suffer psychological trauma, as well as loss of parents, siblings and friends. One survey of Iraqi refugee children in Jordan found that 39 percent reported having lost someone close to them, and 43 percent witnessed violence. </p> <p>“Armed conflict remains a major roadblock to human development in many parts of the world, yet its impact on education is widely neglected,” said UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova. “This groundbreaking report documents the scale of this hidden crisis, identifies its root causes and offers solid proposals for change.” </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=92091" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | MIDDLE EAST: Violence hits education | Egypt | Iraq | Lebanon | Oman | OPT | Syria | Yemen | Children | Conflict | Education</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12431"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/02/21/government-vows-to-improve-food-aid-system/#comments" title="Comment on Government vows to improve food aid system">1 Comment</a></span> Posted on February 21st, 2011 by Um Thalit</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/02/21/government-vows-to-improve-food-aid-system/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Government vows to improve food aid system">Government vows to improve food aid system</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/child-poverty/" rel="tag">Child Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/children/" rel="tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/cooking-oil/" rel="tag">cooking oil</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/corruption/" rel="tag">Corruption</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/demonstrations/" rel="tag">Demonstrations</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/fodder/" rel="tag">Fodder</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food/" rel="tag">food</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-aid/" rel="tag">food aid</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-handouts/" rel="tag">food handouts</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-ration/" rel="tag">food ration</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-rationing/" rel="tag">food rationing</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/oil-for-food-programme/" rel="tag">oil-for-food programme</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty/" rel="tag">Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty-line/" rel="tag">poverty line</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/protests/" rel="tag">protests</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/public-distribution-system/" rel="tag">Public Distribution System</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ration-system/" rel="tag">Ration System</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/trade-ministry/" rel="tag">Trade Ministry</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>BAGHDAD, 21 February 2011 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=91983" target="_blank" class="external">IRIN</a>) – The Iraqi government has pledged to improve the state-run food aid system in the wake of sporadic protests and long-standing discontent over the quality and targeting of the rations provided. <br/>“We are working hard to improve the food ration system this year and to offer it with all [five] items, not just some of them,” Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki told a press conference on 17 February. “We have adopted a number of measures that can help us tackle this issue which we are following closely.” <br/>In a move designed to outflank discontent in the wake of demonstrations in Iraq inspired by the momentous demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt, Al-Maliki on 15 February announced the postponement of the purchase of 18 F-16 fighter jets from the USA, and the use of the money saved to improve food rations. <br/>“We need these fighter jets as we are working to boost security, but we also need money to improve the food ration system, so we decided to postpone the [jet fighter] purchase,” he said, adding that about US$1 billion earmarked for the jets would now be spent on subsidized food handouts. <br/>Al-Maliki said the government had also decided to decentralize management of the of the state food ration system by allowing local government in the 18 provinces to import, store and distribute the relevant food items. <br/>The distribution, he added, would be targeted at the most vulnerable. <br/>“<strong>Fodder ration” <br/></strong> <br/>Many Iraqis complain that only some of the rations are delivered, or they arrive in poor condition, and there have been a number of protests against poor quality rations, unemployment, corruption and feeble public services. <br/>“It’s a fodder ration not a food ration,” said one banner brandished by demonstrators in Iraq’s southern province of Wasit on 16 February. “We are sitting on billions of barrels of oil, but we can’t find anything to eat,” said another. <br/>Iraq’s food rationing system, known as the Public Distribution System (PDS), was set up in 1995 as part of the UN’s oil-for-food programme following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. More than half of Iraq’s 29 million people depend on it, according to the Trade Ministry. <br/>At the end of 2009, the monthly PDS parcels contained rice (3kg per person); sugar (2kg per person); cooking oil (1.25kg or one litre per person); flour (9kg per person); milk for adults (250g per person); tea (200g per person); beans (250g per person); children’s milk (1.8kg per child); soap (250g per person); detergents (500g per person); and tomato paste (500g per person). <br/>In 2010, the government reduced the number of items to five: flour, rice, sugar, cooking oil and children’s milk – in the same quantities. But recipients have been receiving two or three items at a time. Al-Maliki said they would now receive all the five. <br/>According to the Planning Ministry, about 25 percent of the population lives below the country’s poverty line, and unemployment is about 30 percent. <br/>Meanwhile, oil revenues, which make up about 95 percent of Iraq’s revenue, have risen sharply in recent months giving ammunition to those calling for the government to spend more on PDS. <br/>According to the Trade Ministry, about US$3 billion was spent on PDS in 2010. The Ministry is asking for $5 billion to be earmarked for PDS in this year’s budget which is yet to be approved by parliament. <br/>sm/cb</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=91983" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Government vows to improve food aid system | Iraq | Food Security</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12195"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/13/enforced-disappearances-a-long-term-challenge/#respond" title="Comment on Enforced disappearances – "a long-term challenge"">No Comments</a></span> Posted on January 13th, 2011 by Abdus-Samad</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/13/enforced-disappearances-a-long-term-challenge/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Enforced disappearances – "a long-term challenge"">Enforced disappearances – "a long-term challenge"</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human Rights</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abductions/" rel="tag">abductions</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/amnesty-international/" rel="tag">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/asma-al-haidari/" rel="tag">Asma Al-Haidari</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/children/" rel="tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/detainees/" rel="tag">detainees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dirk-adriansens/" rel="tag">Dirk Adriansens</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/disappearances/" rel="tag">disappearances</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ethnicity/" rel="tag">ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/idps/" rel="tag">IDPs</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/imcp/" rel="tag">IMCP</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/international-committee-of-the-red-cross/" rel="tag">international committee of the red cross</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kidnapping/" rel="tag">kidnapping</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kidnappings/" rel="tag">Kidnappings</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/missing-persons/" rel="tag">missing persons</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/political-instability/" rel="tag">political instability</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-agency/" rel="tag">refugee agency</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-population/" rel="tag">refugee population</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/un-human-rights-council/" rel="tag">un human rights council</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>MADRID, 13 January 2011 (IRIN) – Asma Al-Haidari, an Amman-based Iraqi human rights analyst and advocate, says the phenomenon of enforced disappearances in Iraq touches the whole population, irrespective of age, gender, ethnicity or religious belief. </p> <p>The number of missing persons in Iraq ranges from 250,000 to over one million, according to the International Commission on Missing Persons (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.ic-mp.org/" class="external" target="_blank">ICMP</a>). </p> <p>The length of time over which enforced disappearances have occurred in Iraq, starting with the Iraq-Iran war (1980-88), render this issue particularly complex, according to International Committee of the Red Cross spokesperson for Iraq Layal Houraniyeh. The issue of enforced disappearances in Iraq represents, according to IMCP, “a major long-term challenge”. </p> <p>Article 2 of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/disappearance-convention.htm" class="external" target="_blank">International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance</a> defines enforced disappearance as “the arrest, detention, abduction or any other form of deprivation of liberty by agents of the State or by persons or groups of persons acting with the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the deprivation of liberty or by concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person, which place such a person outside the protection of the law.” </p> <p>The Convention entered into force on 23 December 2010, 30 days after Iraq became the 20th state to ratify it on 23 November. It provides that “no one shall be subjected to enforced disappearance” and that “no exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification for enforced disappearance.” According to the UN Human Rights Council, “secret detention amounts to an enforced disappearance.” </p> <h3>“No safe place” </h3> <p>Focusing on enforced disappearance in Iraq since 2003, Dirk Adriansens, an expert on Iraq and member of international anti-war group the Brussels Tribunal, gave a presentation at a 9-12 December conference in London organized by the International Committee Against Disappearance (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.icad-int.org/" class="external" target="_blank">ICAD</a>). Citing 2009 surveys by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), he said 20 percent of internally displaced and 5 percent of returnee families reported cases of missing children. </p> <p>Further, UNHCR <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.uniraq.org/documents/UNHCR%20Iraq%20Protection%20Monitoring%20%20Jan-Oct%202009.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">published findings</a> in 2009 showing that “many communities reported missing family members – 30 percent of IDPs, 30 percent of IDP returnees, 27 percent of refugee returnees – indicating that they were missing because of kidnappings, abductions and detentions and that they do not know what happened to their missing family members,” he said. </p> <p>Adriansens added in his presentation: “A rough estimate would therefore bring the number of missing persons among the refugee population and the internally displaced after ‘Shock and Awe’ [2003 US-led military operation to invade Iraq] to 260,000, most of them enforced disappearances.” </p> <p>Adriansens went on to say that by extrapolating UNHCR figures to cover the Iraqi population which had not suffered displacement, the total number of missing persons since 2003 “could be more than half a million”. </p> <p>Jordan-based analyst Al-Haidari believes this number is higher, placing it in the range of 800,000 to one million. “There is no safe place in Iraq. People can be disappeared and sent to secret, illegal detention centres anywhere in the country, without the knowledge of the family or the person’s lawyer,” Al-Haidari said. “Many are assassinated and buried in secret. Many others are charged with trumped-up terrorism charges.” </p> <h3>Amnesty International report </h3> <p>A recent <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE14/006/2010/en/c7df062b-5d4c-4820-9f14-a4977f863666/mde140062010en.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">Amnesty International report</a> said “an estimated 30,000 untried detainees are currently being held by the Iraqi authorities, although the exact number is not known as the authorities do not disclose such information.” In addition, there are detainees held at secret facilities, at which torture is common, it said. </p> <p>A further 23,000 previously held without charge or trial by US forces are currently being transferred to the Iraqi authorities or released, though Amnesty International believes “[a state cannot] claim to be treating detainees humanely while knowingly handing them over to torturers, any more than it can knowingly `release’ detainees in a minefield and claim that their safety is no longer its responsibility.”</p> <p>Source:<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=91622" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Enforced disappearances – "a long-term challenge" | Iraq | Governance | Human Rights</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12169"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/10/occupation-of-iraq-destroys-womens-lives/#respond" title="Comment on Occupation of Iraq destroys women’s lives">No Comments</a></span> Posted on January 10th, 2011 by Fatima Jameel</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/10/occupation-of-iraq-destroys-womens-lives/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Occupation of Iraq destroys women’s lives">Occupation of Iraq destroys women’s lives</a></h3> <p 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sanctions/" rel="tag">Sanctions</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sectarian-violence/" rel="tag">sectarian violence</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sectarianism/" rel="tag">sectarianism</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sex-trafficking/" rel="tag">sex trafficking</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sexual-abuse/" rel="tag">sexual abuse</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sexual-slavery/" rel="tag">sexual slavery</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sons-of-iraq/" rel="tag">Sons of Iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/statistics/" rel="tag">statistics</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/torture/" rel="tag">Torture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment-levels/" rel="tag">unemployment levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unicef/" rel="tag">UNICEF</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/war-crimes/" rel="tag">War Crimes</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/widows/" rel="tag">Widows</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wikileaks/" rel="tag">Wikileaks</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens/" rel="tag">women's</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>More than seven years after the US- and UK-led invasion of their country, Iraqis continue to endure an occupation that has systematically violated their rights to life, dignity, self-determination and economic development. The occupation has been and continues to be so destructive and so violent that one in four Iraqis are estimated to be dead or displaced. One in five Iraqis has been made a refugee or an internally displaced person (IDP). </p> <div style="border-right: black 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: black 1px solid; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; border-left: black 1px solid; width: 300px; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: black 1px solid"> <p>Serene Assir, <i>The Electronic Intifada,</i> 10 January 2011 </p> <p><em>Serene Assir is a Lebanese independent writer and journalist based in Spain.</em></p> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article11723.shtml" class="external" target="_blank">ei: Occupation of Iraq destroys women’s lives</a></p> </p></div> <p>In particular, the role and situation of women and girls has declined precipitously compared to prior to the invasion. From torture to rape to assassination, from forced separation for mixed couples to women and their children enduring the death of their husbands and fathers, from a loss of educational rights to expulsion from the workplace and public life, and from sexual slavery to forced flight or enforced disappearance, for the past seven years Iraqi women and girls have endured the most terrifying of fates. They are living at the mercy of an occupation that both seeks to terrorize them into submission, and to use them as objects for the terrorization of the whole of Iraqi society. </p> <h3>No security </h3> <p>Dr. Souad al-Azzawi, who authored a study on Iraqi women entitled "Deterioration of Iraq women’s rights and living conditions under occupation," published in January 2008, told The Electronic Intifada: "The most significant loss that Iraqi women have suffered is a complete and total loss of security." She explained that the loss of security entails both the loss of physical security and "the economic, social and civil securities Iraqi women were so accustomed to prior to the occupation." </p> <p>In fact, it appears that the loss of physical and other aspects of security have a Catch-22 effect on the lives of women. The lack of legal and institutional support for women by an Iraqi puppet government which is at best ineffective has meant that in the vast majority of cases the criminals, mafias, militias, death squads, US occupation forces and Iraqi police and army forces committing crimes against women are not held accountable for their actions. This has in turn encouraged the development of a situation characterized by lawlessness and criminality, in which women are prime targets. As such, many women have been forced to leave their jobs and quit their education, for fear that they may be the next victim of rape or assassination. </p> <p>According to al-Azzawi, Iraqi women have had to resort to "the relative security of their homes," often taking their children out of school too if they were the only parent able to accompany them there and back. </p> <p>Echoing al-Azzawi’s words, an Iraqi refugee speaking on condition of anonymity said that she was forced to leave Iraq precisely because of death threats issued against her by militias who had found out she was actively working as a journalist seeking to expose the injustices taking place against women. Had she stayed in Iraq, the threats likely would have been fulfilled. </p> <p>"Not only was I being targeted, but I was also without protection, given that Iraq has no government to speak of," she explained. She added that "I could have been killed at any moment, and no one would have been held accountable for it. It was for one reason alone that I fled: because I had no choice." </p> <h3>Criminal levels of poverty </h3> <p>The figures speak for themselves. According to a dossier on Iraqi women published by the BRussells Tribunal, prior to the invasion 72 percent of working women were government employees. The dismantlement of state institutions immediately after the invasion meant that these women became unemployed. Instability and ineffective institutions in Iraq render it impossible to pinpoint the total rate of unemployment today, but estimates range from 15 percent to 70 percent. The few stable jobs that exist, according to the dossier, are usually given to men, though a growing number of female-headed households means that many women need to take extraordinary risks in order to try and cater for their children ("<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.brussellstribunal.org/pdf/Women.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">Iraqi Women Under Occupation</a>" [PDF]). </p> <p>The same economic insecurity affects Iraqi refugee families. Aseer al-Madaien, the Protection Officer for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Syria, says that out of 139,000 registered Iraqis in Syria, 28 percent are households headed by women. In total, estimates for the total number of displaced Iraqis, including both refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), range up to almost five million, according to the international organization Medecins Sans Frontieres, which believes that there are 2.5 million Iraqi IDPs and 2.3 million refugees. </p> <p>IDPs suffer both extreme vulnerability and insecurity, as they seek refuge in the homes of relatives and friends, said Hana Al Bayaty, member of the Executive Committee of the BRussells Tribunal. Many of them are the victims of ethnic cleansing, whereby a country once free of sectarianism is increasingly witnessing the targeting of persons on the basis of their religion or ethnicity. Mixed marriages in these conditions are all too often broken up by force, according to a report published by the UN-affiliated IRIN humanitarian news agency ("<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=26268" class="external" target="_blank">Mixed Marriages confront Sectarian Violence</a>," 6 April 2006). </p> <p>The majority of Iraqi refugees have headed to neighboring countries Syria and Jordan, where they are not allowed to work, as they are legally considered "guests." In 2007, the UNHCR reported that an estimated 40 percent of Iraq’s middle class had fled the country. Not only have almost half of those with the qualifications and experience to help rebuild Iraq left the country, but they are also suffering from the most extreme form of disempowerment, according to Al Bayaty. </p> <p>Al-Azzawi explained that "For the educated middle class, this situation is shattering as everything we have worked so hard to earn and build up over decades of war and sanctions is being brought down by military force before our very eyes." </p> <p>Unable to work legally, it is often refugee women who take upon themselves the burden and the risk of working as they are less likely to be asked for documentation on the streets of Amman, Damascus and beyond, and they thereby hope to be less likely to be deported. </p> <p>Unemployment levels in Syria and Jordan, however, mean that even illegal work is hard to come by. It is because of this that the phenomenon of forced prostitution is becoming increasingly rife. The growing problem of sex trafficking is partly caused by poverty. </p> <p>According to al-Azzawi, the lack of work permits, qualifications and opportunities "leads some women to prostitution in order to feed their children and their families." In other cases, the sheer lack of protection faced by some women push them into prostitution. Problems in such cases include threats of kidnapping issued against women should they not accept to prostitute themselves. These threats are issued especially against women whose husbands are dead or missing. "The women of Iraq live in a very fragile situation as a result of the American occupation’s crimes," al-Azzawi said. </p> <h3>Death, torture and enforced disappearance </h3> <p>No statistical reference can adequately convey the sheer suffering experienced by the people of Iraq, as a whole, from the genocidal sanctions period through the invasion and ensuing occupation. Current estimates place the number of dead at anywhere between 1.5 million and 2.5 million. </p> <p>According to Iraqi human rights analyst and advocate Asma al-Haidari, "Up to one million Iraqis have been forcibly disappeared." Behind the enforced disappearances are the US army, Iraqi government forces including the army and police, and al-Qaeda and other militias that operate freely across the country, according to a presentation given by Dirk Adriaensens, member of the BRussells Tribunal Executive Committee, at a London conference organized by the International Committee Against Disappearances on 9-12 December 2010. According to calculations by Adriaensens, based on UNHCR statistics, 20 percent of internally displaced Iraqi families have reported cases of missing children ("<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.brussellstribunal.org/pdf/Disappearances_missing_persons_in_Iraq.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">Enforced Disappearance. The Missing Persons of Iraq</a>" [PDF]). </p> <p>It is also understood that, given that there is a very real and justified fear of retaliation against families who report the disappearances of their loved ones, many others suffer in silence. Thousands of detainees, some of them in secret, illegal prisons, according to al-Azzawi, are women. Estimates published in 2008 by the Iraqi Parliamentary Women’s Committee and the Iraqi Ministry of Women’s Affairs indicate that between one and two million Iraqi women are widows. </p> <p>Inside Iraq’s jails, legal or not, cases of torture and sexual abuse have been widely reported. Revelations by WikiLeaks published on 22 October 2010 were described by Iraqi activists such as Sabah al-Mukhtar, president of the Arab Lawyers’ Union, as just "the tip of the iceberg," as he said on an Al-Jazeera English interview on 24 October. According to al-Azzawi, women are usually jailed on trumped-up charges of terrorism, where there is no proof and while there is no adequate legal system to ensure their right to a fair trial. "Many are awaiting execution," al-Azzawi added. </p> <p>Further, when it is the man who disappears, whether he is dead or missing, women and their families have to fend for themselves in a hellish situation. Out of this horror comes forth one of the more obtuse trends, inexistent in Iraq up until 2003, of families giving their daughters away in early marriage for fear of being unable to adequately support them. </p> <p>One immediate effect of this phenomenon is the fact that girls aged 13, 14 and 15 sold into early marriage lose their right to education. As figures currently stand, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) report published on 1 September 2010, for every 100 boys in school, there are only 89 girls ("<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MCOI-89RD6Y?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">Girls Education in Iraq 2010</a>" [PDF]). </p> <p>"Lots of those little girls are very bright and are willing to finish their education if they are allowed to," said al-Azzawi. </p> <p>Worse still is the flourishing of what are known as "pleasure marriages." These are short-term marriages conducted out of court, whereby separation is also very simple. It is a practice that Iraqi women’s rights advocates describe as linked to prostitution, because of the wrongful abuse of the practice by men in power, often blackmailing fathers into giving their daughters away in a "pleasure marriage," and also because once a girl or a woman has married in this way and has received alimony for her short-term commitment, she will find it very difficult to reintegrate back into her family. </p> <p>"Many girls are forced into prostitution and ultimately sex trafficking this way," al-Azzawi added. </p> <h3>Forced Islamization of society </h3> <p>It is deeply telling that Iraqi society is becoming forcibly Islamized by militias tied to the Iraqi puppet government, which is dependent upon the United States for its survival. Meanwhile, Washington claims to be fighting a war on Islamic terrorism. The reality, as is frequently the case, is the precise opposite. Previously a secular state, Iraqi society is becoming forcibly transformed into a theocracy. In such systems, women and girls inevitably lose. </p> <p>The results of the proliferation of fundamentalist militias are varied. While reports of Christian women veiling in order to avoid attacks are troubling in the Iraqi context, what is potentially much worse is that the notion of an Iraqi state for all its citizens is fast disappearing. Not only does this mean that Iraqi girls are no longer safe on the streets; it also means that if the occupation fulfills its goals, Iraqi "career women" may be a thing of the past. </p> <p>Al-Azzawi notes that "Economically the country has lost a huge, skilled working force, which is exactly what the occupation planned to do, and the lives of millions of working women and families were shattered." </p> <p>Considering that there is not a single right enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that the US occupation has not violated — as the International Initiative to Prosecute US Genocide in Iraq team found when working in 2009 to bring a legal case for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide against four US presidents and four UK prime ministers — it is amazing yet encouraging that the US occupation’s goals have failed. </p> <p>Not only is the US administration under President Barack Obama still battling to maintain control over a country whose people resist in the name of their dignity and their love for Iraq, but many of the most outspoken and brilliant advocates for Iraqis’ rights in general are in fact women. </p> <p>"I have much hope for Iraq," said human rights advocate Asma al-Haidari, "Nothing will make me lose hope." </p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12031"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/12/28/iraqi-refugees-interpreting-the-statistics/#respond" title="Comment on Iraqi refugees – interpreting the statistics">No Comments</a></span> Posted on December 28th, 2010 by Abdus-Samad</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/12/28/iraqi-refugees-interpreting-the-statistics/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Iraqi refugees – interpreting the statistics">Iraqi refugees – interpreting the statistics</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human Rights</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/brookings-institution/" rel="tag">Brookings Institution</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/damascus/" rel="tag">Damascus</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food/" rel="tag">food</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/host-governments/" rel="tag">host governments</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/idps-internal-refugees/" rel="tag">IDPs (Internal Refugees)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/international-organization-for-migration/" rel="tag">international organization for migration</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugee/" rel="tag">iraqi refugee</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugees/" rel="tag">iraqi refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/jordan/" rel="tag">Jordan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/migrants/" rel="tag">migrants</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/migration/" rel="tag">migration</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/population-mobility/" rel="tag">population mobility</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-agency/" rel="tag">refugee agency</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-population/" rel="tag">refugee population</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees-international/" rel="tag">Refugees International</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/repatriation/" rel="tag">repatriation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/returned-refugees/" rel="tag">Returned Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/returnees/" rel="tag">returnees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sectarian-violence/" rel="tag">sectarian violence</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/security-situation/" rel="tag">security situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/situation-in-iraq/" rel="tag">situation in iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/statistics/" rel="tag">statistics</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/violence/" rel="tag">violence</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/world-food-programme/" rel="tag">World Food Programme</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>DAMASCUS, 28 December 2010 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=91464" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN</a>) – Hundreds of thousands of Iraqis fled the country after sectarian violence broke out following the 2003 war which toppled Saddam Hussein. However, the precise number of refugees is hard to ascertain and fluctuates in line with changing perceptions and the security situation in Iraq. </p> <p>"It would be nice to have the full picture, but the special circumstances of the Iraqi refugee population means we don’t… although we have a good idea of the refugees registered with us," said Andrew Harper, head of the UN Refugee Agency’s (UNHCR) Iraq Support Unit in Geneva. </p> <p>Host governments (largely in the Middle East) at one time estimated that more than 2.5 million Iraqis had fled to their countries. But that statistic is now too high, say independent experts not affiliated with UNHCR. Distinguishing between refugees and other migrants, and deducting the number of those who have returned to Iraq for good can be difficult. </p> <p>UNHCR has registered just over 400,000 Iraqis since 2003 but currently they have 200,000 on their books. More refugees register every day – some 2,000 per month in Syria. However, the agency says those figures are not definitive. </p> <p>"Many refugees choose not to register with us, either because there is a stigma attached in asking for assistance or they see no reason to register unless they need our services," said Harper. </p> <p>Currently, host governments claim some 1.5 million Iraqis remain on their territories, while Refugees International, a US-based NGO, said it believed only 500,000 Iraqis remained outside the country. </p> <h3>Reasons for discrepancies </h3> <p>The Iraqi refugees are hard to track because they reside almost exclusively in an urban rather than a camp setting, predominantly in Syria and Jordan. In July last year, a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.unhcr.org/4a69ad639.pdf#zoom=66" class="external" target="_blank">UNHCR report detailed the challenges</a>. </p> <p>Population mobility is another factor, according to Harper. Many families are split or commute between Syria and Iraq to see relatives, work, or are checking the situation on the ground. </p> <p>In such a situation, they are harder to count, or may have their files deactivated by UNHCR if they are absent for long periods. UNHCR says mobility is positive as it allows refugees to stay in touch with their country and prepare for an eventual return. </p> <h3>Bald statistics can be misleading </h3> <p>Bald statistics, without a breakdown, can be misleading due to the high rates of movement. Over the past few months, a fairly consistent number of refugees have been registered in Syria – currently some 139,586 – but this figure masks the fact that each month some refugees leave and others register. Some 32,200 files were deactivated in the first 10 months of 2010, 5,408 people were resettled elsewhere, 176 returned to Iraq under the UNHCR voluntary repatriation scheme, and some 18,719 registered in the same time period, UNHCR says. </p> <p>Statistical methods are also variable. "Many Iraqi refugees fled before the war," said Elizabeth Ferris, a senior fellow and Iraq expert at the Brookings Institution. "There is no agreement as to which time period to count people in." </p> <h3>Challenges </h3> <p>Uncertainty over figures has posed challenges for aid agencies, but UNHCR says it bases its planning for staff and budget on the number of refugees it has registered. </p> <p>Predicting trends can also be difficult, say experts. UNHCR has resettled more than 50,000 refugees, mostly in the USA, and assisted more than 2,000 to return to Iraq. But an unknown number is likely to have returned independently. </p> <p>Within Iraq, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) registers returned refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). It says some 130,000 refugees have returned since 2007. </p> <p>"Agencies have got used to working with imprecise figures," said Ferris, "but it is not good practice to develop programmes on this basis." </p> <p>UNHCR contests this argument. "We have precise information regarding the registered refugees and base our programmes on their needs. This information is regularly updated," said Wafa Amr, UNHCR’s regional spokesperson. </p> <p>Agencies have come up with novel techniques to meet the challenges. UNHCR has more than 150 outreach workers in Syria alone who visit neighbourhoods to identify refugees. Publications are used to raise awareness of the plight of the refugees. To maintain the dignity of refugees and overcome challenges posed by refugees living in an urban setting, UNHCR has made cash payments available via an ATM. UNHCR uses SMS text messages to alert refugees, and the UN World Food Programme (WFP) recently rolled out an <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=90560" class="external" target="_blank">SMS food voucher scheme</a>. </p> <h3>IDPs </h3> <p>Despite the uncertainty, no new assessment of the Iraqi refugees is due. "There is a fear the numbers would come in lower and this would have an impact on governments such as Syria and Jordan as it may affect the amount of financing channelled to them," said Ferris. </p> <p>More is known about IDPs, as the Iraqi authorities are better able to track them. UNHCR, Refugees International and Brookings agree on a figure of 1.5 million, 500,000 of whom live in slums. Of the returnees registered with the IOM, 86 percent are IDPs but overall numbers of returnees are said to be low. </p> <p>"Our main concern is that a very substantial number of Iraqis needing assistance are going to remain in 2011 and probably longer," said Amr. </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=91464" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | MIDDLE EAST: Iraqi refugees – interpreting the statistics | Iraq | Syria | Conflict | Refugees/IDPs</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/page/2/">« Previous Entries</a></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="span-10 last"> <div class="span-10" id="tabs"> <ul> <li class="ui-tabs-nav-item"><a href="#featured-articles">Featured Articles</a></li> <li class="ui-tabs-nav-item"><a href="#latest-articles">Latest 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class="post-date">11 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/10/iraqi-human-rights-activists-protesting-for-democracy-are-sexually-assaulted-and-beaten/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Iraqi Human Rights Activists Protesting for Democracy Are Sexually Assaulted and Beaten">Iraqi Human Rights Activists Protesting for Democracy Are Sexually Assaulted and Beaten</a> <p class="post-date">10 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/07/iraq-un-human-rights-official-urges-stronger-action-to-protect-civilians/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Iraq: UN human rights official urges stronger action to protect civilians">Iraq: UN human rights official urges stronger action to protect civilians</a> <p class="post-date">7 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/06/five-american-soldiers-killed-in-central-iraq/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Five American Soldiers Killed In Central Iraq">Five American Soldiers Killed In Central Iraq</a> <p class="post-date">6 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/06/syria-violent-unrest-raises-concern-for-christian-future-vatican-radio/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Syria: violent unrest raises concern for Christian future : Vatican Radio -">Syria: violent unrest raises concern for Christian future : Vatican Radio -</a> <p class="post-date">6 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/05/dangerous-time-of-year/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Dangerous Time Of Year">Dangerous Time Of Year</a> <p class="post-date">5 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/03/corruption-blamed-for-escape-of-4000-militants-from-iraq-prisons-the-national/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Corruption blamed for escape of 4,000 militants from Iraq prisons – The National">Corruption blamed for escape of 4,000 militants from Iraq prisons – The National</a> <p class="post-date">3 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/02/iraq-protest-organizers-beaten-detained-human-rights-watch/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Iraq: Protest Organizers Beaten, Detained | Human Rights Watch">Iraq: Protest Organizers Beaten, Detained | Human Rights Watch</a> <p class="post-date">2 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/01/iraqi-sects-pray-together-for-peace/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Iraqi sects pray together for peace">Iraqi sects pray together for peace</a> <p class="post-date">1 Jun 2011</p> </li> <li class="cat-post-item"> <a class="post-title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/23/hammurabi-organisation-for-human-rights-year-2010-was-hardest-on-christians-in-iraq/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Hammurabi Organisation for Human Rights: Year 2010 was hardest on Christians in Iraq">Hammurabi Organisation for Human Rights: Year 2010 was hardest on Christians in Iraq</a> <p class="post-date">23 May 2011</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="widget"> <h4>Last 15 Posts</h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/13/children-pay-ultimate-price-of-iraqs-poisonous-wartime-legacy/" title="Children pay ultimate price of Iraq’s poisonous wartime legacy">Children pay ultimate price of Iraq’s poisonous wartime legacy </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/12/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%af-12-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/" title="الأحد, 12 يونيو 2011">الأحد, 12 يونيو 2011 </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/11/fadil-basil-nimrawis-decapitated-body-discovered/" title="Fadil Basil Nimrawi’s Decapitated Body Discovered">Fadil Basil Nimrawi’s Decapitated Body Discovered </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/11/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%aa-11-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/" title="السبت, 11 يونيو 2011">السبت, 11 يونيو 2011 </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/10/iraqi-human-rights-activists-protesting-for-democracy-are-sexually-assaulted-and-beaten/" title="Iraqi Human Rights Activists Protesting for Democracy Are Sexually Assaulted and Beaten">Iraqi Human Rights Activists Protesting for Democracy Are Sexually Assaulted and Beaten </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/10/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa/" title="الكربلائي ينتقد جهات سياسية تستغل التشريعات القضائية لزعزعة استقرار البلد">الكربلائي ينتقد جهات سياسية تستغل التشريعات القضائية لزعزعة استقرار البلد </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/10/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-10-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/" title="الجمعة, 10 يونيو 2011">الجمعة, 10 يونيو 2011 </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/10/%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%ac%d9%84-600-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7/" title="صحة كربلاء تسجل 600 حالة إصابة بالإسهال الشديد والصحة توفرالعلاج لمرضى الانفلونز الوبائية">صحة كربلاء تسجل 600 حالة إصابة بالإسهال الشديد والصحة توفرالعلاج لمرضى الانفلونز الوبائية </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/09/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3-9-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/" title="الخميس, 9 يونيو 2011">الخميس, 9 يونيو 2011 </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/07/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%a1-7-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/" title="الثلاثاء, 7 يونيو 2011">الثلاثاء, 7 يونيو 2011 </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/07/iraq-un-human-rights-official-urges-stronger-action-to-protect-civilians/" title="Iraq: UN human rights official urges stronger action to protect civilians">Iraq: UN human rights official urges stronger action to protect civilians </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/06/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ab%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-6-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88-2011/" title="الإثنين, 6 يونيو 2011">الإثنين, 6 يونيو 2011 </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613121104/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/06/06/five-american-soldiers-killed-in-central-iraq/" title="Five American Soldiers Killed In Central Iraq">Five American Soldiers Killed In Central Iraq </a></li> <li><a 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