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짐바브웨 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전

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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&amp;returnto=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&amp;returnto=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&amp;returnto=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&amp;returnto=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-역사-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>역사 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1887년_이전" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1887년_이전"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1887년 이전</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1887년_이전-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-식민지_시대와_로디지아_(1888-1964)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#식민지_시대와_로디지아_(1888-1964)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>식민지 시대와 로디지아 (1888-1964)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-식민지_시대와_로디지아_(1888-1964)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-일방적_독립_선언과_내전_(1965-1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#일방적_독립_선언과_내전_(1965-1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>일방적 독립 선언과 내전 (1965-1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-일방적_독립_선언과_내전_(1965-1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-짐바브웨의_독립_이후_(1980-현재)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#짐바브웨의_독립_이후_(1980-현재)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>짐바브웨의 독립 이후 (1980-현재)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-짐바브웨의_독립_이후_(1980-현재)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-구쿠라훈디_대학살_(1983-87)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#구쿠라훈디_대학살_(1983-87)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>구쿠라훈디 대학살 (1983-87)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-구쿠라훈디_대학살_(1983-87)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-행정_구역" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#행정_구역"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>행정 구역</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-행정_구역-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-경제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#경제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>경제</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-경제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지리" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지리"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>지리</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-지리-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>지리 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-지리-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-환경_문제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#환경_문제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>환경 문제</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-환경_문제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>기후</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기후-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-인구" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#인구"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>인구</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-인구-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-사람과_언어" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#사람과_언어"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>사람과 언어</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-사람과_언어-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-문화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#문화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>문화</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-문화-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>문화 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-문화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-종교" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#종교"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>종교</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-종교-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대한관계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대한관계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>대한관계</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대한관계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-스포츠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#스포츠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>스포츠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-스포츠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">짐바브웨</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 252개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 압카즈어" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="압카즈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9A%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%8C" title="ዚምባብዌ – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዚምባብዌ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 고대 영어" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="고대 영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabuwe" title="Zimbabuwe – 오볼로어" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Zimbabuwe" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="오볼로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="زيمبابوي – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيمبابوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="زيمبابوي – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زيمبابوي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%89" title="زيمبابوى – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيمبابوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwea" title="Zimbabwea – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Zimbabwea" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87" title="زیمبابوه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیمبابوه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 발리어" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="발리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%97mbabv%C4%97" title="Zėmbabvė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Zėmbabvė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Зімбабвэ – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зімбабвэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Зымбабвэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зымбабвэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbabw%C3%A9" title="Jimbabwé – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabue" title="Simbabue – 비슬라마어" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Simbabue" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="비슬라마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 밤바라어" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="밤바라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="জিম্বাবুয়ে – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিম্বাবুয়ে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཛིམ་བབ་ཝི། – 티베트어" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཛིམ་བབ་ཝི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="티베트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="জিম্বাবুয়ে – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জিম্বাবুয়ে" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimb%C3%A0bue" title="Zimbàbue – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zimbàbue" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 샤이엔어" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="샤이엔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زیمبابوی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیمبابوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – 코르시카어" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="코르시카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 카슈비아어" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="카슈비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 저지 소르비아어" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="저지 소르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बावे – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जिम्बावे" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%AD" title="ޒިމްބާބުވޭ – 디베히어" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޒިމްބާބުވޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="디베히어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 에웨어" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="에웨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5" title="Ζιμπάμπουε – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζιμπάμπουε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabvo" title="Zimbabvo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zimbabvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbag%C3%BCi" title="Zimbagüi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Zimbagüi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87" title="زیمبابوه – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیمبابوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmbaabuwe" title="Simmbaabuwe – 풀라어" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Simmbaabuwe" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="풀라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="추천 항목"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabvi" title="Simbabvi – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Simbabvi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabou%C3%A8" title="Zimbabouè – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Zimbabouè" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSiomb%C3%A1ib" title="An tSiombáib – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSiombáib" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 가가우스어" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="가가우스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabw%C3%A9" title="Zimbabwé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Zimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siombabue" title="Siombabue – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siombabue" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simb%C3%A1vue" title="Simbávue – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Simbávue" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87" title="ઝિમ્બાબ્વે – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝિમ્બાબ્વે" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87himbabwe" title="Yn Çhimbabwe – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="זימבבואה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זימבבואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="ज़िम्बाब्वे – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़िम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 고지 소르비아어" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="고지 소르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%BE%D5%A5" title="Զիմբաբվե – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զիմբաբվե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A7" title="Զիմպապուէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Զիմպապուէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 이반어" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="이반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 이그보어" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="이그보어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabve" title="Simbabve – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Simbabve" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%96%E3%82%A8" title="ジンバブエ – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジンバブエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zimbabues" title="zimbabues – 로반어" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zimbabues" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="로반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabw%C3%A9" title="Zimbabwé – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Zimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%94" title="ზიმბაბვე – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზიმბაბვე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 카라칼파크어" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="카라칼파크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaabuwee" title="Simbaabuwee – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Simbaabuwee" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zi%CC%B1mbabwe" title="Zi̱mbabwe – 티얍어" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zi̱mbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="티얍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 콩고어" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="콩고어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 키쿠유어" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="키쿠유어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81" title="ស៊ីមបាវេ – 크메르어" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ីមបាវេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="크메르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 콜로그니안어" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="콜로그니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AEmbabwe" title="Zîmbabwe – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zîmbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabua" title="Zimbabua – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zimbabua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 라디노어" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="라디노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 간다어" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="간다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 리구리아어" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="리구리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabue" title="Simbabue – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Simbabue" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 롬바르드어" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="롬바르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 링갈라어" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="링갈라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabv%C4%97" title="Zimbabvė – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zimbabvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Зимбабвэ – 모크샤어" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Зимбабвэ" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="모크샤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbaboe" title="Zimbaboe – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zimbaboe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuwawe" title="Timuwawe – 마오리어" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Timuwawe" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="마오리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86" title="സിംബാബ്‌വെ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിംബാബ്‌വെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A6" title="ꯓꯤꯝꯕꯥꯕꯋꯦ – 마니푸리어" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯓꯤꯝꯕꯥꯕꯋꯦ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="마니푸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27%27Zimbabwe%27%27" title="&#039;&#039;Zimbabwe&#039;&#039; – 모시어" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="&#039;&#039;Zimbabwe&#039;&#039;" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="모시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="झिम्बाब्वे – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 서부 마리어" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="서부 마리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBimbabwe" title="Żimbabwe – 몰타어" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Żimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="몰타어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဇင်ဘာဘွေနိုင်ငံ – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇင်ဘာဘွေနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87" title="زیمبابوه – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زیمبابوه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 남부 은데벨레어" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="남부 은데벨레어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 북부 소토어" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="북부 소토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9_Bee_Bighan_Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsé Bee Bighan Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah – 나바호어" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsé Bee Bighan Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="나바호어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 냔자어" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="냔자어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbaabuwee" title="Zimbaabuwee – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Zimbaabuwee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 오세트어" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="오세트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87" title="ਜ਼ਿੰਬਾਬਵੇ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਿੰਬਾਬਵੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 팜팡가어" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="팜팡가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 파피아먼토어" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="파피아먼토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 나이지리아 피진어" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="나이지리아 피진어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाबवे – 팔리어" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जिम्बाबवे" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="팔리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%92" title="زمبابوے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زمبابوے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%90" title="زیمبابوې – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زیمبابوې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpapwi" title="Simpapwi – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simpapwi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зімбабве – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Зімбабве" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 르완다어" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="르완다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाबवे – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जिम्बाबवे" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱡᱤᱢᱵᱟᱵᱩᱭᱮ – 산탈리어" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱢᱵᱟᱵᱩᱭᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="산탈리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabbui" title="Zimbabbui – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zimbabbui" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="زمبابوي – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زمبابوي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 북부 사미어" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="북부 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimb%C3%A4bwe" title="Zimbäbwe – 산고어" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Zimbäbwe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="산고어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%81%BA%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၸိမ်ႇပႃႇပူၺ်ႇ – 샨어" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၸိမ်ႇပႃႇပူၺ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="샨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A" title="සිම්බාබ්වේ – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිම්බාබ්වේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simipapue" title="Simipapue – 사모아어" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Simipapue" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="사모아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 이나리 사미어" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="이나리 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaabwi" title="Simbaabwi – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Simbaabwi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabveja" title="Zimbabveja – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zimbabveja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IZimbabwe" title="IZimbabwe – 시스와티어" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IZimbabwe" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="시스와티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 남부 소토어" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="남부 소토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabw%C3%A9" title="Zimbabwé – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 실레시아어" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="실레시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87" title="சிம்பாப்வே – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிம்பாப்வே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87" title="జింబాబ్వే – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జింబాబ్వే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7" title="ประเทศซิมบับเว – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศซิมบับเว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9A%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%8C" title="ዚምባብዌ – 티그리냐어" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ዚምባብዌ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="티그리냐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 탈리쉬어" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="탈리쉬어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 츠와나어" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="츠와나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – 타로코어" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="타로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 총가어" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="총가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 툼부카어" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="툼부카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – 우드말트어" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="우드말트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8B%DB%90" title="زىمبابۋې – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="زىمبابۋې" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зімбабве – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зімбабве" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%92" title="زمبابوے – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمبابوے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbagwe" title="Zimbagwe – 벤다어" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Zimbagwe" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="벤다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinb%C3%A0bue" title="Zinbàbue – 베네치아어" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zinbàbue" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="베네치아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabiy%C3%A4n" title="Zimbabiyän – 볼라퓌크어" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zimbabiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="볼라퓌크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaawee" title="Simbaawee – 월로프어" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Simbaawee" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="월로프어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6" title="津巴布韦 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="津巴布韦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IZimbabwe" title="IZimbabwe – 코사어" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IZimbabwe" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="코사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%94" title="ზიმბაბვე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზიმბაბვე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2" title="זימבאבווע – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זימבאבווע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 요루바어" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="요루바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 주앙어" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="주앙어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89" title="ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ – 표준 모로코 타마지트어" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="표준 모로코 타마지트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛巴威" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B" title="津巴布韋 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="津巴布韋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B" 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class="infobox-above" style="background-color: ; text-align: center; line-height:1.3em; font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap;">짐바브웨 공화국</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#e3e3e3; font-weight:bold; font-size:1.2em;"><span lang="en">Republic of Zimbabwe</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width: 100%; background: none; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/150px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/225px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/300px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="짐바브웨의 국기">국기</a> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="340" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EC%9E%A5" title="짐바브웨의 국장">국장</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">표어</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="en">Unity, Freedom, Work</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">표어 설명</th><td class="infobox-data">통합, 자유, 노동</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="국가 목록">국가</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="짐바브웨의 국가">짐바브웨의 대지에 축복을</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_(Zambia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg/300px-Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg/450px-Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg/600px-Zimbabwe_on_the_globe_%28Zambia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="796" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84" title="수도">수도</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레">하라레</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:85%;"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27121890">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=ko&amp;pagename=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;params=-17.863889_N_31.029722_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="이 위치에 대한 지도와 항공사진 및 기타 정보를 보여줍니다"><span class="latitude">남위 17° 51′ 50″</span> <span class="longitude">동경 31° 01′ 47″</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="이 위치에 대한 지도와 항공사진 및 기타 정보를 보여줍니다">남위 17.863889° 동경 31.029722° </span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-17.863889; 31.029722</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311308">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="하라레는 짐바브웨의 수도이자 최대 도시이다"><img alt="하라레는 짐바브웨의 수도이자 최대 도시이다" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg/200px-Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg/300px-Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg/400px-Zimbabwe_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="754" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:35.051%;left:70.792%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="하라레"><img alt="하라레" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:80%;width:6em;left:3px"><div><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레"><span title="하라레는 짐바브웨의 수도이자 최대 도시이다" style="font-size: 9pt; white-space: nowrap">하라레</span></a></div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">짐바브웨(짐바브웨)</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="정치">정치</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="정치체제">정치체제</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="공화제">공화제</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%BC_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="단일 국가">단일 국가</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%8B%B9%EC%9A%B0%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%9C" title="일당우위제">일당우위제</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="대통령중심제">대통령중심제</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="짐바브웨의 대통령">대통령</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="짐바브웨의 부통령">부통령</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A8_%EC%9D%8C%EB%82%AD%EA%B0%80%EA%B3%BC" title="에머슨 음낭가과">에머슨 음낭가과</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4%ED%8B%B4_%EC%B9%98%EC%9B%BD%EA%B0%80" title="콘스턴틴 치웽가">콘스턴틴 치웽가</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="짐바브웨의 역사">역사</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">독립</th><td class="infobox-data">&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;로디지아<br />&#160;&#8226; 짐바브웨</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1965%EB%85%84" title="1965년">1965년</a> <a href="/wiki/11%EC%9B%94_11%EC%9D%BC" title="11월 11일">11월 11일</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1980%EB%85%84" title="1980년">1980년</a> <a href="/wiki/4%EC%9B%94_18%EC%9D%BC" title="4월 18일">4월 18일</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="지리">지리</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%93%EC%9D%B4" title="넓이">면적</a></th><td class="infobox-data">390,757 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B3%B1%ED%82%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0" title="제곱킬로미터">km<sup>2</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%A0%81%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="면적순 나라 목록">60 위</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4#내수면" title="해수면">내수면 비율</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1<a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EB%B6%84%EC%9C%A8" title="백분율">%</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EB%8C%80" title="시간대">시간대</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CAT (<a href="/wiki/%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%8B%9C" title="협정 세계시">UTC</a>+2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B4%91_%EC%A0%88%EC%95%BD_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A0%9C" title="일광 절약 시간제">DST</a></th><td class="infobox-data">없음</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="인문학">인문</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="공용어 목록">공용어</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="인구순 나라 목록">인구</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/2024%EB%85%84" title="2024년">2024년</a> 어림</th><td class="infobox-data">16,868,409명</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/2022%EB%85%84" title="2022년">2022년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC_%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC" title="인구 조사">조사</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,178,957<sup id="cite_ref-Census2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (73위)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC_%EB%B0%80%EB%8F%84" title="인구 밀도">인구 밀도</a></th><td class="infobox-data">39명/km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="경제">경제</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4_%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="국내 총생산">GDP</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A7%A4%EB%A0%A5_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80" title="구매력 평가">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023년 어림값</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;전체</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="증가"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="증가" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span>$444.48억<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ZW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A7%A4%EB%A0%A5%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80_%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="구매력평가 기준 국내총생산순 나라 목록">131위</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;일인당</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="증가"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="증가" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span>$2,749<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ZW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A7%A4%EB%A0%A5%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%EB%8B%B9_%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="구매력평가 기준 일인당 국내총생산순 나라 목록">175위</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4_%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="국내 총생산">GDP</a>(명목)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023년 어림값</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;전체</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="증가"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="증가" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span>$324.24억<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ZW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%A9_%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4_%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="명목 국내 총생산순 나라 목록">153위</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;일인당</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="증가"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="증가" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span>$2,005<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ZW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A7%A4%EB%A0%A5%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%EB%8B%B9_%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="구매력평가 기준 일인당 국내총생산순 나라 목록">149위</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98" title="인간 개발 지수">HDI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="감소"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="감소" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span>0.550<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98%EC%88%9C_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="인간 개발 지수순 나라 목록">159위</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022%EB%85%84" title="2022년">2022년</a> 조사)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" title="통화">통화</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="짐바브웨 골드 (없는 문서)">짐바브웨 골드</a>. 해외 주요 화폐</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="종교">종교</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">종교</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a> 84.1%<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="무종교">무종교</a> 10.9%<br /><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%86%8D%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="토속신앙">토속신앙</a> 4.5%<br />기타 종교 0.4%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e9e5e5; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;">기타</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO 3166-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">716</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ZW</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3">ZWE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%B5%9C%EC%83%81%EC%9C%84_%EB%8F%84%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B8" title="국가 코드 최상위 도메인">도메인</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.zw" title=".zw">.zw</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%84%ED%99%94_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제전화 나라 번호">국제 전화</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+263</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>짐바브웨 공화국</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>&#58; </span><span lang="en">Republic of Zimbabwe</span>, /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ, -wi/) 또는 <b>짐바브웨</b>는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="남아프리카">남아프리카</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EB%A5%99%EA%B5%AD" title="내륙국">내륙국</a>으로, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%B2%A0%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%95" title="잠베지강">잠베지강</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%BC%ED%8F%AC%ED%8F%AC%EA%B0%95" title="림포포강">림포포강</a> 사이에 위치하고 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="남아프리카 공화국">남아프리카 공화국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98" title="보츠와나">보츠와나</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="잠비아">잠비아</a>, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="모잠비크">모잠비크</a>와 국경을 맞대고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 짐바브웨의 수도이자 최대도시는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레">하라레</a>이다. 짐바브웨에는 대략 1,400만 명이 살고 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%82%98%EC%96%B4" title="쇼나어">쇼나어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%9D%80%EB%8D%B0%EB%B2%A8%EB%A0%88%EC%96%B4" title="북은데벨레어">은데벨레어</a>를 포함한 16개의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4" title="공용어">공용어</a>가 쓰이고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>현재의 짐바브웨 지역은 11세기부터 이주와 교역이 오가는 주요 경유지의 역할을 하였으며, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88%EB%B9%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="로즈비 제국">로즈비 제국</a>과 마트와카지 등 여러 조직화된 국가와 왕국들이 세워지기도 하였다. 1890년, 당시 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%8B%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88" title="세실 로즈">세실 로즈</a>이 이끌던 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%ED%9A%8C%EC%82%AC" title="영국 남아프리카 회사">영국 남아프리카 회사</a>가 군주국이 있었던 마쇼날랜드를 정복하고, 이어 1893년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EB%A7%88%ED%85%8C%EB%B2%A8%EB%A0%88_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제1차 마테벨레 전쟁">제1차 마테벨레 전쟁</a>에서 은데벨레 왕국을 이기며 마타벨렐란드를 정복하며 처음으로 현재 짐바브웨의 경계를 표시하였다. 1923년, 오랫동안 각각 나뉘어 통치되었던 마쇼날랜드와 마타벨렐란드 지역을 백인 식민주의자 세력 주도 하에 하나의 영국 자치령인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="남로디지아">남로디지아</a>로 통합하는 안에 대한 국민 투표를 실시했으나, 이는 흑인 원주민들을 제외한 소수의 백인 거주민들만 참여할 수 있었다. 1965년, 소수 백인들로 구성된 보수주의 정부는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="로디지아">로디지아</a>로 일방적인 독립 선언을 하였다. 그 이후 로디지아는 국제적인 고립과 15년 동안 흑인 민족주의 세력과의 내전을 겪어야 했고, 이후 보편적 선거권을 명시한 평화 협정을 체결하였고 1980년 4월 짐바브웨의 공식 출범으로 이어졌다. 짐바브웨는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9" title="영연방">영연방</a>을 가입했었으나, 2002년 당시 정부의 국제법 위반으로 회원자격을 박탈당하였으며, 2003년 12월 탈퇴하게 되었다. 짐바브웨는 현재 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94" title="유엔">유엔</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%B4" title="남아프리카 개발 공동체">남아프리카 개발 공동체</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="아프리카 연합">아프리카 연합</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5" title="동남아프리카 공동시장">동남아프리카 공동시장</a>의 회원국이다. 짐바브웨는 한때 크게 번성하였다고 해서 "아프리카의 보석"으로 불리었다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>소수 백인 정권이 물러나고 소속 정당인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1_%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9_-_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0" title="짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 - 애국 전선">ZANU-PF</a>가 선거에서 이겨, 1980년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%82%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98%EB%82%98" title="카난 바나나">카난 바나나</a>는 짐바브웨의 대통령에 취임하고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%B2%A0" title="로버트 무가베">로버트 무가베</a>는 짐바브웨의 총리에 임명되었다. 바나나가 1980년부터 1987년까지 대통령을 하고 있다가 무가베가 바나나를 동성연애 혐의로 체포한 후 대통령 직을 박탈 시키고 본인이 대통령에 취임했으며 바나나를 그 혐의로 구속 수감 시켰다. 바나나는 탈옥 후 우간다로 도주했으며 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a>으로 망명한 다음 2003년에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%98" title="런던">런던</a>에서 사망했다. 무가베는 1987년부터 2017년 사임할 때까지 짐바브웨의 대통령직을 수행하였다. 무가베의 독재 정권 아래, 국가 안보 조직이 짐바브웨를 관리하고 광범위한 인권 침해 행위가 자행되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 무가베는 냉전시대의 사회주의 혁명적 문구를 인용하며, 짐바브웨의 경제불안을 서구 자본주의 국가들의 탓으로 돌렸다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%A8%BC%EB%93%9C_%ED%88%AC%ED%88%AC" title="데즈먼드 투투">데즈먼드 투투</a> 대주교는 무가베를 "만화에서 나올 듯한 전형적인 아프리카 독재자의 대명사"라고 칭했지만, 당시의 아프리카 정치 지도자들은 무가베의 반제국주의 정체성으로 인해 그를 비난하기를 꺼렸다.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 짐바브웨는 1990년대 이후 경제 침체를 겪으며 여러 차례의 경제 파탄과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%B8%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="초인플레이션">초인플레이션</a> 현상을 겪었다. </p><p>2017년 11월 15일, 짐바브웨의 경제 침제와 함께 무가베 정권에 대한 시위가 1년 동안 지속되면서, 무가베는 짐바브웨 군부가 일으킨 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%8D%B0%ED%83%80" title="쿠데타">쿠데타</a>에 의해 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%ED%83%9D_%EC%97%B0%EA%B8%88" title="가택 연금">가택 연금</a>되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2017년 11월 19일, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1_%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9_-_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0" title="짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 - 애국 전선">ZANU-PF</a>는 로버트 무가베를 당 대표에서 해임하고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A8_%EC%9D%8C%EB%82%AD%EA%B0%80%EA%B3%BC" title="에머슨 음낭가과">에머슨 음낭가과</a> 전 부통령을 그 자리에 임명했다.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 무가베 대통령은 2017년 11월 21일 탄핵 절차가 마무리되기 전 사표를 제출했다.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2018년 7월 30일 짐바브웨 총선이 시행되었고, 에머슨 음낭가과가 이끄는 ZANU-PF당이 집권 여당이 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 짐바브웨의 제1야당인 MDC 연합을 이끌던 넬슨 차미사는 선거 결과에 이의를 제기하고 짐바브웨 헌법 재판소에 헌법소원을 제출했다.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 법원은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A8_%EC%9D%8C%EB%82%AD%EA%B0%80%EA%B3%BC" title="에머슨 음낭가과">음낭가과</a>의 당선을 확정하며, 무가베에 이어 새로 선출된 대통령이 됐다.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="그레이트 짐바브웨">그레이트 짐바브웨</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="로디지아">로디지아</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div><p>"짐바브웨"라는 이름은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="그레이트 짐바브웨">그레이트 짐바브웨</a> 시대 당시 쓰였던 <a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%82%98%EC%96%B4" title="쇼나어">쇼나어</a> 지명으로, 짐바브웨 남동부에 위치한 고대 도시(현재는 짐바브웨의 보호구역으로 지정된)를 일컬었던 것에서 기원한다. 많은 출처에 따르면 "짐바브웨"는 <i>드짐바-드자-마브웨</i>에서 유래했다고 전해지는데, 이는 쇼나어 중 카랑가 방언에서 "돌집들이 모여있는 곳" (드짐바는 "집"인 임바의 복수형; 마브웨는"돌"인 브웨의 복수형)으로 번역된다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 카랑가 방언을 사용하는 쇼나족은 아직도 그레이트 짐바브웨 지역에서 거주하는데, 이는 현재 짐바브웨의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%EB%B9%99%EA%B3%A0%EC%A3%BC" title="마스빙고주">마스빙고주</a> 지역에 해당한다. 한편 고고학자 피터 가레이크는 "짐바브웨"는 드짐바-훼의 축약된 형태라고 주장하였는데, 이는 쇼나어의 제즈루 방언으로 "공경받는 집들"을 의미하며, 보통 추장들의 집이나 무덤을 일컬었다고 전해진다.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>짐바브웨는 남로디지아 (1898), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="로디지아">로디지아</a> (1965), 그리고 짐바브웨 로디지아 (1979)로 알려져 있었다. "짐바브웨"가 처음으로 국가를 지칭하는데 쓰인 것은 1960년 흑인 민족주의자 마이클 마웨마가 주조한 주화이며, 1961년 짐바브웨 국민당이 공식적으로 처음 짐바브웨라는 국명을 사용하기 시작하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 반면 "로디지아"는 19세기 말 짐바브웨 지역을 영국의 식민지배를 받게 한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%8B%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88" title="세실 로즈">세실 로즈</a>의 이름에서 따온 것으로, 아프리카 민족주의자들에게 그 기원과 함축된 의미가 부적절하다고 인식되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>마이클 마웨마에 따르면, 흑인 민족주의자들은 1960년 로디지아의 새 국명을 정하기 위해 회의를 열었는데, 압도적인 지지를 받은 마웨마의 "짐바브웨" 이전에 "마트쇼바나"와 "모노모타파" 등의 이름이 제의되었다고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 한편 마타벨렐란드의 민족주의자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%9D%BC%EC%99%80%EC%9A%94" title="불라와요">불라와요</a> 남쪽의 마토포 구릉에서 유래한 "마토포스"를 제의하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>언제부터 짐바브웨가 국명으로 사용되었는지는 불분명하나, 마이클 마웨마가 1961년에 쓴 기록에 "짐바브웨랜드"가 등장하였고, 1962년부터는 "짐바브웨"가 흑인 민족주의 운동에서 널리 사용되기 시작하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 흑인 민족주의자 에디슨 즈보그고는 2001년 인터뷰에서 마웨마가 집회 도중 짐바브웨를 언급하였고, 그때부터 짐바브웨가 자연스레 널리 언급되었다고 회상하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 흑인 민족주의자 세력들은 1964년에서 1979년까지 이어진 제2차 짐바브웨 해방전쟁 당시 로디지아 정부에 대항하여 짐바브웨라는 국명을 계속하여 사용하였다. 전쟁 당시 주요한 단체는 짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 (ZANU, 1975년부터 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%B2%A0" title="로버트 무가베">로버트 무가베</a> 지도)과 짐바브웨 아프리카 인민 연맹 (1960년대 초 설립부터 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%88%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%80%EC%BD%94%EB%AA%A8" title="조슈아 은코모">조슈아 은코모</a> 지도) 등이 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="짐바브웨의 역사">짐바브웨의 역사</a>입니다.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1887년_이전"><span id="1887.EB.85.84_.EC.9D.B4.EC.A0.84"></span>1887년 이전</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="부분 편집: 1887년 이전"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Tower,_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tower%2C_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg/220px-Tower%2C_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tower%2C_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg/330px-Tower%2C_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tower%2C_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg/440px-Tower%2C_Great_Zimbabwe1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="982" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="그레이트 짐바브웨">그레이트 짐바브웨</a>의 유적.</figcaption></figure> <p>고고학적 기록에 따르면, 오늘날 짐바브웨 지역에 인류가 정착한 시기는 최소 10만 년 전으로 거슬러 올라간다. 그 중에서 가장 먼저 정착한 집단은 화살촉과 동굴 벽화를 남긴 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%A1%B1_(%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4)" title="산족 (아프리카)">산족</a>으로 알려져 있다. 약 2,000년 전 반투족의 대이동 시기에 반투어족 계통 언어를 사용하는 농경민 집단이 현재의 짐바브웨 지역에 정착했다.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>현재 쇼나어의 원어를 사용한 집단사회는 9세기에 림포포 강 중턱 지역에 처음으로 출현하였으나, 이후 짐바브웨의 고원지대로 이주하였다. 짐바브웨 고원지대는 이후 10세기에 쇼나족 국가들의 중심지가 되었다. 10세기 초에 인도양 연안지역에 아랍 상인들과의 교역이 발달하게 되면서, 11세기에 마붕구브웨 왕국이 발전하는데도 기여하였다. 마붕구브웨 왕국은 13세기에서 15세기까지 현재의 짐바브웨 지역을 장악한 여러 쇼나족 문명들의 선구국가 역할을 하였고, 현재 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="그레이트 짐바브웨">그레이트 짐바브웨</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%EB%B9%99%EA%B3%A0" title="마스빙고">마스빙고</a>, 그리고 여러 소도시에 소재한 유적에서 그 흔적을 찾아볼 수 있다. 마붕구브웨 왕국의 주요 유적에서는 그만의 독특한 건석 건축양식을 발견할 수 있다. </p><p>포르투갈에서 온 유럽인 탐험가들이 짐바브웨에 도착하였을 당시, 마붕구브웨 왕국은 짐바브웨 지역에서 가장 먼저 무역국가로 발전하고 있는 국가들 중 하나였다. 짐바브웨의 무역국가들은 황금, 상아, 구리 등을 옷감과 유리로 물물교환하는 형태의 교역을 진행하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1300년에서 1600년 사이 짐바브웨 왕국이 마붕구브웨 왕국을 능가하게 되었다. 짐바브웨 왕국은 마붕구브웨 왕국이 세워놓은 석조 문명을 정제하고 확장하여 현재의 그레이트 짐바브웨 유적을 남겼다. 이후 1450년에서 1760년 사이에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%83%80%ED%8C%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="무타파 제국">무타파 제국</a>이 짐바브웨 지역을 장악하였다. 무타파 제국은 현재의 짐바브웨를 포함하여 모잠비크 중부 지역까지 영향력을 행사하였다. 무타파 제국은 <i>므웨네 무타파</i>, <i>모노모타파</i>, 그리고 "문후무타파" 등의 명칭으로도 불리었는데, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%9D%B8" title="아랍인">아랍인</a>과 포트투갈인들에게 제국 내의 전략적 무역로로 잘 알려져 있었다. 포르투갈인들은 이 무역로를 독차지하기 위해 여러차례 전쟁을 일으켰고, 이는 17세기 초 무타파 제국을 몰락하게 하는데 크게 작용하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png/220px-Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png/330px-Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png/440px-Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>마테벨레의 한 연대 부락의 모습. 1836년 윌리엄 콘왈리스 해리스 작.</figcaption></figure> <p>짐바브웨 지역 내에 유럽인의 영향력에 대응하여 새로운 쇼나족 국가가 출현하였는데, 바로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88%EB%B9%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="로즈비 제국">로즈비 제국</a> (1684-1834)이다. 로즈비 제국은 수세기 동안 군사적, 정치적 그리고 종교적 발전을 이루어내면서, 짐바브웨 고원에서 무력으로 포르투갈인들을 축출하게 되었다. 로즈비 제국은 짐바브웨 왕국과 마붕구브웨의 석조 문명을 그대로 계승하는 동시에, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%B7" title="머스킷">머스킷</a>을 무장체계에 새롭게 도입하고 침략에 대비해 전문 군인들을 모집하였다. </p><p>1821년, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%84%EB%A3%A8%EC%A1%B1" title="줄루족">줄루족</a> 출신의 장군 음질리카지 쿠말로가 줄루 왕국의 국왕 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EC%B9%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EC%84%BC%EC%9E%94%EA%B0%80%EC%BD%94%EB%82%98" title="샤카 카센잔가코나">샤카</a>에 봉기를 일으켜 자신만의 족벌, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%EB%8D%B0%EB%B2%A8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B8" title="은데벨레인">은데벨레</a>를 세운다. 은데벨레인들은 북쪽의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%80%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%9C_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="트란스발 공화국">트란스발</a>으로 진격하였으나, 진격 과정에서 지역이 크게 파괴되면서 이후 초토화되기까지 하였다. 1836년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="보어인">보어인</a>들이 트란스발 지역에 유입되기 시작하자, 은데벨레인들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B8" title="츠와나인">츠와나인</a>들과 그리콰족들의 지원을 받아 더 북쪽으로 이주하였다. 1838년 은데벨레인들이 로즈비 제국을 포함한 여러 쇼나족 국가들을 정복하면서, 로즈비 제국은 은데벨레의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EC%86%8D%EA%B5%AD" title="종속국">종속국</a>으로 전락하게 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1840년, 음질리카지와 은데벨레인들은 남아프리카 지역을 잃게 되면서 현재의 짐바브웨 마타벨렐란드 지역에 영구적으로 정착하게 되면서, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%9D%BC%EC%99%80%EC%9A%94" title="불라와요">불라와요</a>를 수도로 건설하였다. 음질리카지는 은데벨레의 군사 조직을 연대 부락으로 정비하면서 이후 보어인의 침략에 대비하였다. 음질리카지는 1868년에 격렬한 권력 투쟁 도중 사망하였고, 그의 아들인 로벤굴라가 왕위를 계승하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="식민지_시대와_로디지아_(1888-1964)"><span id=".EC.8B.9D.EB.AF.BC.EC.A7.80_.EC.8B.9C.EB.8C.80.EC.99.80_.EB.A1.9C.EB.94.94.EC.A7.80.EC.95.84_.281888-1964.29"></span>식민지 시대와 로디지아 (1888-1964)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="부분 편집: 식민지 시대와 로디지아 (1888-1964)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="남로디지아">남로디지아</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84_%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%82%B4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9" title="로디지아 니아살랜드 연방">로디지아 니아살랜드 연방</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png/220px-Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png/330px-Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png/440px-Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>1890년 9월 13일 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레">솔즈버리</a>에서 대영제국의 국기인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B8_%EC%9E%AD" title="유니언 잭">유니언 잭</a>이 게양되는 모습.</figcaption></figure> <p>1880년대부터 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%8B%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88" title="세실 로즈">세실 로즈</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%ED%9A%8C%EC%82%AC" title="영국 남아프리카 회사">영국 남아프리카 회사</a>와 함께 유럽 개척민들이 지역에 진출하기 시작하였다. 1888년 로즈는 당시 은데벨레 국왕 로벤굴라에게서 광산 채굴권을 허가받았고, 이후 이 채굴권을 토대로 당시 영국 정부에게 마타벨렐란드와 마쇼날랜드 지배에 대한 칙허장을 요구하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>로즈는 1890년 영국 남아프리카 경찰 (British South Africa Police, BSAP)과 파이오니어 칼럼 (Pioneer Column, 유럽인들로 구성)을 마테벨렐란드와 마쇼날랜드에 파견, 솔즈버리 요새 (현재의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레">하라레</a>)를 건설함으로써 영국 남아프리카 회사의 지배가 시작되었다. 이후 1893년과 1894년, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EC%8B%AC_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EC%B4%9D" title="맥심 기관총">맥심 기관총</a>이 새롭게 도입되면서, BSAP가 은데벨레와의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EB%A7%88%ED%85%8C%EB%B2%A8%EB%A0%88_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제1차 마테벨레 전쟁">제1차 마테벨레 전쟁</a>에서 우위를 점할 수 있었다. 로즈는 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%BC%ED%8F%AC%ED%8F%AC%EA%B0%95" title="림포포강">림포포강</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%95%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%B9%B4%ED%98%B8" title="탕가니카호">탕가니카호</a> 사이를 가로지르는 "잠베시아" 지역을 점유하기 위해 추가적인 협상을 진행하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>이후 "잠베시아" 지역에 대한 권리가 여러 조약들을 통해 영국 남아프리카 회사에게 이양되면서, 곧바로 유럽인들의 대규모 정착이 장려되었고, 해당 지역의 노동력, 귀금속, 그리고 기타 광물류에 대한 영국의 통제가 지속되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1895년, 영국 남아프리카 회사는 식민지 건설에 크게 기여한 세실 로즈를 기려 "<a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="로디지아">로디지아</a>"라고 새롭게 지역을 명명하였다. 1898년 잠베지 남부 지역을 공식적으로 "<a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="남로디지아">남로디지아</a>"라고 명명하였으며, 이는 이후 다시 "짐바브웨"로 국명을 변경하는 주요한 원인이 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 한편, 잠베지 북부 지역은 별도의 관리를 받게 되며 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="북로디지아">북로디지아</a> (현재의 잠비아)로 명명되었다. 이후 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%80%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%9C_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="트란스발 공화국">트란스발 공화국</a>에서 세실 로즈가 개입한 제임슨 습격 (1895년 12월 - 1896년 1월)이 발생하는 과정에서, 은데벨레인들이 종교 지도자 믈리모를 중심으로 백인 정권에 대항하였다. 제2차 마타벨레 전쟁은 1896년 영국 측이 믈리모를 암살하며 마테벨렐란드에서 마무리되었다. 한편 쇼나족 세력은 1897년까지 영국 남아프리카 회사 지배에 대항하며 몇차례의 봉기를 일으켰으나 모두 실패하였다. </p><p>몇차례의 소요 사태가 발생한 이후, 로즈 정부는 은데벨레인과 쇼나족 세력을 완전히 진압하고 토지를 유럽인들을 중심으로 배분하였으며, 이를 위해 많은 토착민들을 원래 거주지에서 쫓아내었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>영국은 남로디지아를 1923년 9월 12일에 합병하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1923년 10월 1일, 새로운 대영제국의 식민지로 선포된 남로디지아의 첫 헌법이 발효되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg/220px-SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg/330px-SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg/440px-SouthernRhodesia2d1953scott83rhodesgrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>1953년 발행된 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="남로디지아">남로디지아</a>의 우표. <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4_2%EC%84%B8" title="엘리자베스 2세">엘리자베스 2세</a>의 초상화가 새겨져 있다.</figcaption></figure> <p>남로디지아는 새로운 헌법 아래 1922년 실시한 국민투표 결과에 따라 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="대영 제국">대영 제국</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EB%A0%B9" title="자치령">자치령</a>이 되었다. 20세기 초에 발생한 두번의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="세계 대전">세계 대전</a>에서 남로디지아는 인종과 관계없이 모든 국민들이 영국군에서 복무하였다. 남로디지아는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제1차 세계 대전">1차</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전">2차 세계 대전</a> 기간 모두를 포함하여 대영제국에서 영국 본국을 포함해 가장 많은 1인당 기여도를 기록하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1930년 제정된 토지 분배법은 흑인의 토지 소유권을 남로디지아의 일정 지역으로 제한하였고 소수의 백인들에게만 국토 대부분의 토지에 대한 매매를 허가하였다. 토지 분배법 제정은 곧바로 급격한 불평등 심화로 이어졌고, 이후 토지개혁이 빈번히 제기되는 계기가 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1953년 영국은 남로디지아와 북로디지아, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%82%B4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="니아살랜드">니아살랜드</a> (현재의 말라위)를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84_%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%82%B4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9" title="로디지아 니아살랜드 연방">로디지아 니아살랜드 연방</a>으로 통합하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 그러나 연방에서 점차 성장하는 아프리카 민족주의과 통합에 대한 반대에 부딪혀, 1963년 영국이 연방을 다시 3곳의 식민지로 분리하였다. 이후 북로디지아와 니아살랜드에는 다인종 민주주의가 도입되었으나, 남로디지아에서는 계속하여 소수 백인 정권의 지배가 이어졌다.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1964년 10월 북로디지아가 잠비아로 독립하게 되면서, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="이언 스미스">이언 스미스</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0" title="로디지아 전선">로디지아 전선</a> (Rhodesian Front, RF) 정권은 남로디지아에서 로디지아로 국명을 변경하였다. 스미스는 당시 영국의 식민지 정책인 "다수결의 결정이 없는 한 독립이 불허된다"에 효과적으로 거부하기 위해, 1965년 11월 11일 영국에 일방적 독립 선언 (Unilateral Declaration of Independence, UDI)을 선포하였다. 이는 1776년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="미국 독립선언">미국 독립선언</a> 이후 최초로 반란 세력에 의해 취해진 대영제국으로부터의 독립으로, 스미스와 로디지아 전선 정권은 미국의 전례를 이용해 자신들의 행동을 정당화하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="일방적_독립_선언과_내전_(1965-1980)"><span id=".EC.9D.BC.EB.B0.A9.EC.A0.81_.EB.8F.85.EB.A6.BD_.EC.84.A0.EC.96.B8.EA.B3.BC_.EB.82.B4.EC.A0.84_.281965-1980.29"></span>일방적 독립 선언과 내전 (1965-1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="부분 편집: 일방적 독립 선언과 내전 (1965-1980)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="로디지아">로디지아</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="짐바브웨 로디지아">짐바브웨 로디지아</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Ian_Smith_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ian_Smith_1950s.jpg/156px-Ian_Smith_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ian_Smith_1950s.jpg/234px-Ian_Smith_1950s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Ian_Smith_1950s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>1954년 이언 스미스의 로디시아 니아살랜드 연방 의원 당시의 모습.</figcaption></figure> <p>일방적 독립 선언 (Unilateral Declaration of Independence, UDI) 이후, 영국 정부는 스미스 정권과 1966년과 1968년에 회담을 추진하였으나 별 성과 없이 끝나면서 유엔에 로디지아에 대한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%AC" title="경제 제재">경제 제재</a>를 요청하였다. 1966년 12월 유엔이 이에 결의하면서 사상 최초로 자치 국가에 대한 강제적인 금수조치가 행해졌다.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 이 조치는 1968년에 그 범위가 확대되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>영국은 로디지아의 독립 선언을 반란 행위로 간주하였으나, 지배권을 회복하려는 어떤 무력 조치도 행하지 않았다. 한편 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%88%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%80%EC%BD%94%EB%AA%A8" title="조슈아 은코모">조슈아 은코모</a>의 짐바브웨 아프리카 인민 연맹 (Zimbabwe African People's Union, ZAPU)과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%B2%A0" title="로버트 무가베">로버트 무가베</a>의 짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 (Zimbabwe African National Union, ZANU)은 공산 진영과 주변 아프리카 국가의 적극적인 지지를 받으며, 로디지아의 소수 백인 정권에 대항해 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A6%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="게릴라전">게릴라전</a>을 전개하였다. ZAPU는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8" title="소련">소련</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%83%A4%EB%B0%94_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="바르샤바 조약 기구">바르샤바 조약 기구</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%B0%94" title="쿠바">쿠바</a>의 지지를 받으며 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4-%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스-레닌주의">마르크스-레닌주의</a> 이데올로기를 채택하였고, ZANU는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>과 협력하며 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%98%A4%EC%A9%8C%EB%91%A5_%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="마오쩌둥 사상">마오쩌둥 사상</a>을 채택하였다. 스미스는 1969년 실시한 국민투표의 결과에 따라, 이듬해 로디지아를 공화국으로 선포하였으나, 국제사회의 인정을 받지 못하였다. 잇따라 로디지아의 내부 갈등은 더욱 격화되었고, 이후 스미스 정부가 공산주의자 세력들과 협상을 진행하게 되었다. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Internal_Settlement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Internal_Settlement.jpg/301px-Internal_Settlement.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Internal_Settlement.jpg/452px-Internal_Settlement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Internal_Settlement.jpg/602px-Internal_Settlement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>로디지아 내부 합의 당시의 모습 (왼쪽부터 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A8_%EB%AC%B4%EC%A1%B0%EB%A0%88%EC%99%80" title="아벨 무조레와">아벨 무조레와</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="이언 스미스">이언 스미스</a>, 제레미아 치라우, 은다바닝기 싯홀).</figcaption></figure> <p>1978년 3월, 스미스 정부는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A8_%EB%AC%B4%EC%A1%B0%EB%A0%88%EC%99%80" title="아벨 무조레와">아벨 무조레와</a> 주교의 주도 하에 세명의 아프리카 지도자들과 합의를 도출하였다. 무조레와는 다인종 참여 민주주의를 대가로 로디지아 내 백인 인구의 체재 유지에 대한 편의를 제의하였다. 합의의 결과로 1979년 4월 총선이 실시되었고, 아프리카 연합 국민 회의 (United African National Council, UANC)가 의회 의석의 과반수를 차지하게 되었다. 1979년 6월 1일, UANC 대표 무조레와가 총리로 부임하면서 국명이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="짐바브웨 로디지아">짐바브웨 로디지아</a>로 변경되었다. 이전 정부와의 협의로 로디지아 보안군, 행정부, 사법부, 그리고 입법부의 1/3 의석에서의 기존 백인들의 공직을 유지하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 같은 해 6월 12일, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%83%81%EC%9B%90" title="미국 상원">미국 상원</a>이 로디지아에 대한 경제 제재를 해제하는데 결의하였다. </p><p>1979년 8월 1일에서 7일까지 잠비아 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="루사카">루사카</a>에서 개최된 제5차 영연방 회원국 수뇌회담 (Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, CHOGM) 직후, 영국 정부는 무조레와, 무가베, 그리고 은코모를 런던의 랭커스터 하우스에서 열리는 헌법 회의에 초청하였다. 당시 회의의 목적은 독립 헌법의 조항에 대한 논의와 합의를 도출하고, 짐바브웨 로디지아가 영국으로부터의 합법적인 독립을 위해 영국 당국의 감시 하에 선거를 진행하는 것이였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>당시 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%99%B8%EB%AC%B4%EC%9E%A5%EA%B4%80" title="영국의 외무장관">영국 외무장관</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_%EC%BA%90%EB%A7%81%ED%84%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="피터 캐링턴">피터 캐링턴</a>이 함께 참여하면서 회의는 1979년 9월 10일부터 12월 15일까지 47차례의 총회로 계속되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1979년 12월 21일, 모든 대표들이 랭커스터 하우스 협정에 조인하면서, 로디지아 내의 게릴라전이 종식되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1979년 12월 11일, 로디지아 의회는 로디지아의 영국 식민지로의 회귀에 만장일치하였다. 법안은 이후 상원을 통과하고 대통령의 동의를 받았다. 1979년 12월 12일 오후 2시경 크리스토퍼 소임스 총독이 도착하면서, 영국은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="짐바브웨 로디지아">짐바브웨 로디지아</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="남로디지아">남로디지아</a> 보호령으로 공식 발표하였으나, 12월 13일 소임스 총독이 자신의 임기 동안 로디지아와 짐바브웨 로디지아의 국명을 계속하여 사용할 수 있다고 밝혔다. 12월 12일 영국이 로디지아에 대한 경제 제재를 해제하였고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94" title="유엔">유엔</a>이 12월 16일 잇따라 제재를 해체하며, 12월 21일 유엔 회원국들에게 로디지아에 대한 제재 해제를 요구하였다. 이에 따라 잠비아, 모잠비크, 탄자니아, 앙골라 그리고 보츠와나가 12월 22일과 23일에 제재를 해제하였고, 호주 정부는 12월 18일 경제 제재를 제외한 모든 제재를 해제, 12월 21일에는 경제 제재를 해제하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1980년 2월 총선에서 로버트 무가베와 짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 (ZANU)이 압승하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B3%B5_%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="웨일스 공 찰스">찰스</a> 영국 왕세자는 1980년 4월 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레">하라레</a>에서 열린 공식 행사에서 영국 대표로 참석하여, 새롭게 출범한 짐바브웨에 공식적으로 독립을 승인하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="짐바브웨의_독립_이후_(1980-현재)"><span id=".EC.A7.90.EB.B0.94.EB.B8.8C.EC.9B.A8.EC.9D.98_.EB.8F.85.EB.A6.BD_.EC.9D.B4.ED.9B.84_.281980-.ED.98.84.EC.9E.AC.29"></span>짐바브웨의 독립 이후 (1980-현재)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="부분 편집: 짐바브웨의 독립 이후 (1980-현재)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>짐바브웨의 독립 직후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%82%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98%EB%82%98" title="카난 바나나">카난 바나나</a>가 초대 대통령으로 부임하였으나 당시 대통령의 역할은 국가 원수로서의 의례만을 담당하였다. 한편 짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연합 (Zimbabewe African National Union, ZANU) 대표 로버트 무가베는 짐바브웨의 첫 총리이자 행정수반으로 부임하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="구쿠라훈디_대학살_(1983-87)"><span id=".EA.B5.AC.EC.BF.A0.EB.9D.BC.ED.9B.88.EB.94.94_.EB.8C.80.ED.95.99.EC.82.B4_.281983-87.29"></span>구쿠라훈디 대학살 (1983-87)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="부분 편집: 구쿠라훈디 대학살 (1983-87)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>짐바브웨 마테벨렐란드 지역에서 무가베 정권의 출범을 쇼나족의 정권 탈취로 바라보게 되며 반정부주의의 움직임이 일어났다. 이후 마타벨레란드 지역에서 은데벨레인들과 쇼나족간의 갈등이 격화되었고 이는 <i>구쿠라훈디</i> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%82%98%EC%96%B4" title="쇼나어">쇼나어</a>: "<i>봄비가 내리기 전에 일찍 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%A8" title="겨">겨</a>를 씻어내는 비</i>") 대학살로 이어졌다.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 짐바브웨 총리가 직접 보고를 받으며 북한의 군사훈련을 받은 정예부대인 짐바브웨 제5여단은 마타벨렐란드에 진입하여 수천명의 민간인들을 "반체제 인사"들을 지지하였다는 혐의로 학살하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>5년 동안 지속된 구쿠라훈디 작전 동안 사망자 수가 3,750명에서 80,000명 정도로 추정된다.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 이외의 또다른 수천명들이 군 수용소에서 고문받았다.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1987년 은코모와 무가베가 자신들의 정당을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1_%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9_-_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0" title="짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 - 애국 전선">짐바브웨 아프리카 민족 연맹 - 애국 전선</a> (ZANU-PF)으로 합당하는데 합의하며 공식적으로 <i>구쿠라훈디</i>가 종료되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/270px-Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/405px-Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/540px-Mugabe_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>2011년 7월 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8" title="남수단">남수단</a>의 독립기념일 행사에 참석한 당시 짐바브웨 대통령 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%B2%A0" title="로버트 무가베">로버트 무가베</a>의 모습.</figcaption></figure> <p>무가베와 ZANU-PF당은 1990년 3월 총선에서 120석 중 117석을 차지하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1990년대부터 학생, <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9" title="노동조합">노동조합</a>, 그리고 노동자들이 무가베 정권과 ZANU-PF의 정책에 대한 불만이 커지며 시위가 잦아졌다. 1996년, 공무원, 간호사, 그리고 의사들이 봉급 문제로 파업을 시작했다.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 잇따라 짐바브웨 국민의 전반적인 건강이 현저한 변화를 보였고; 1997년에는 전체 인구의 25%가 당시 남아프리카 지역에서 유행하였던 HIV에 감염된 것으로 추정된다.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1997년 토지 재분배 문제도 다시 한번 ZANU-PF 정권의 주요 국정 과제로 떠올랐다. 1980년대부터 토지 개혁 프로그램을 추진해왔으나, 여전히 전체 인구의 0.6%가 짐바브웨 전체 농지의 70%를 차지하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2000년, 무가베 정권은 토지를 소수 백인 인구에게서 대다수의 흑인 인구로 재분배하기 위해 강제적으로 토지를 매입하는 패스트트랙 토지개혁 프로그램을 추진하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 백인 소유의 농지를 몰수하고, 가뭄이 지속되며, 외부금융과 기타 지원이 크게 감소하면서 짐바브웨의 주요한 수출품이었던 농산물의 생산량도 크게 감소하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 이후 58,000명의 흑인 영세 농부들이 황폐화된 농지를 소규모로 복구하여 제한적인 성공을 거두었다.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>무가베 대통령과 ZANU-PF 지도부는 광범위적으로 국제적 제재를 받았다.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2002년, 짐바브웨는 무분별한 농장 몰수와 노골적인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%A0%95_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="부정 선거">부정 선거</a>로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9" title="영연방">영연방</a>의 회원국 자격이 유예되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 이듬해, 짐바브웨 정부는 자진적으로 영연방 회원 자격을 해지하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2001년, 미국 입법부는 짐바브웨 민주주의와 경제 회복에 관한 법안 (Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act, ZDERA)을 제정하였다. 이 법안은 2002년에 발효되어 짐바브웨 정부 자산에 대한 동결 조치로 이어졌다. 이 법안은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="빌 프리스트">빌 프리스트</a>와 함께 당시 미 상원의원 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%90%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0%ED%84%B4" title="힐러리 클린턴">힐러리 클린턴</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%A0" title="조 바이든">조 바이든</a>, 러스 파인골드, 그리고 제시 헬름스가 함께 발의하였다. ZDERA 제4C 조항 ("다각적 금융거래 제한")에 따라, 미 재무장관은 제3조항에 명시된 국제금융기관에 소속된 미국 사무관들에게 다음과 같이 지시하게 되었다: "(1) 어떠한 기관의 짐바브웨 정부에 대한 대출, 신용 또는 보증의 확대; (2) 짐바브웨 정부의 미국 혹은 어떠한 국제금융기관에 진 부채에 대한 취소 혹은 감소; 이 두 결정에 반대한다."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2003년, 짐바브웨의 경제가 붕괴되었다. 당시 짐바브웨 전체 인구의 1/4에 해당하는 1,100만여명의 인구가 짐바브웨를 떠났다. 한편 짐바브웨에 남은 3/4의 인구는 하루에 미국 달러 $1보다도 적은 돈으로 연명하고 있었다.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2005년 짐바브웨 총선 직후, 짐바브웨 정부는 "무람밧스비나 작전"을 시행하였다. 이 작전은 짐바브웨의 도시지역에서 발생하고 있는 불법 시장과 빈민가 문제를 해결하는 일환이였으나, 작전으로 인해 도시의 상당한 인구가 무주택자로 전락하게 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 짐바브웨 정부는 이 작전을 짐바브웨 국민들에게 양질의 거주환경을 제공하기 위한 시도라 표현하였으나, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%95%B0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0" title="국제앰네스티">국제앰네스티</a> 등과 같은 단체들은 당국이 이와 같은 주장을 제대로 입증하고 있지 않다고 밝혔다.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2008년 3월 29일, 짐바브웨는 총선과 함께 대통령 선거를 함께 실시하였다. 선거결과는 2주동안 보류되었는데, 이는 당시 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99_-_%EC%B0%BD%EA%B8%B0%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4" title="민주변화운동 - 창기라이">민주변화운동 - 창기라이</a> (Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai, MDC-T) 정당이 짐바브웨 의회에서 1석 차이로 과반수를 차지하였다고 알려진 이후에 발생한 조치였다. </p><p>2008년 7월 10일, 러시아와 중국은 영국과 미국이 함께 발의한 유엔 짐바브웨 제재에 거부권을 행사하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 당시 미국이 작성한 결의안에는 무가베 정권에 대한 무기 금수 조치가 포함되어 있었다. 그러나 베트남, 남아프리카 그리고 리비아 등의 국가들은 짐바브웨에 대해 '국제 평화와 안전에 대한 위협'이 아니라고 주장하면서, 당시 위원회의 15개국 중 9개국이 이에 반대하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2008년 짐바브웨는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC" title="콜레라">콜레라</a> 사망자가 500명에 달하기 시작하면서 비상사태를 선포했다.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 짐바브웨에서 시작된 콜레라는 인근 국가들로 퍼지기 시작했다.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> WHO는 짐바브웨 콜레라 사태의 근본원인은 훼손된 배관 시설의 박테리아이며, 물을 통해 전염되고 있다고 밝혔다.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2008년 말, 짐바브웨는 열악한 생활조건, 공중보건 (12월에 발생한 콜레라 유행), 그리고 여러 기초적인 문제에서 위기상황을 겪었다.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 또한 짐바브웨의 식량부족 문제가 대두되자, 비정부단체들이 정부를 대신하여 짐바브웨에 식량을 공급하는 역할을 맡았다.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2008년 9월, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EA%B1%B4_%EC%B0%BD%EA%B8%B0%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4" title="모건 창기라이">창기라이</a>와 무가베 대통령과의 권력 분담에 대한 합의가 이루어지면서, 전직 총리가 계속하여 총리직을 역임하는 것을 허용하게 되었다. 그러나 양측의 소속 정당간의 의견 차이로, 합의 내용은 2009년 2월 13일까지 완전히 이행되지 않았다. 2010년 12월 즈음, 무가베는 "서방의 제재"가 해제되지 않으면 짐바브웨의 모든 민간 소유 회사들을 강제 몰수할 것이라 밝혔다.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2011년 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%8D%A4_%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="프리덤 하우스">프리덤 하우스</a>의 조사에 따르면 짐바브웨는 권력 분담의 합의가 이루어진 후 국민들의 생활조건이 개선되었다고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%85%EB%AC%B4_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%AD" title="유엔 인도주의 업무 조정국">유엔 인도주의 업무 조정국</a>은 2012-2013 연간 계획서에서 "2009년 이후 짐바브웨의 인도주의 상황이 크게 개선되었으나, 여전히 많은 사람들에게 불안정한 상황이다"라고 밝혔다.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2013년 1월 17일, 당시 짐바브웨 부통령 존 은코모가 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A0%88" title="하라레">하라레</a> 세인트 앤 병원에서 78세의 나이로 암으로 사망하였다. 2013년 짐바브웨 국민선거에서 대통령의 권한을 축소하는 내용의 새로운 헌법이 통과되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>무가베는 2013년 열린 짐바브웨 대통령 선거에서 재선에 성공하였다. 당시 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94%EB%85%B8%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="이코노미스트">이코노미스트</a>는 "조작된", <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%84" title="데일리 텔레그래프">데일리 텔레그래프</a>는 "도둑맞은" 선거라 표현하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 한편 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="민주변화운동">민주변화운동</a>은 대규모 조작 가능성을 제기하며 법원을 통해 이를 호소했다.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 한편 2014년 12월 열린 ZANU-PF 당 회의에서 무가베 대통령이 연설 도중 실수로 야당이 2008년 선거 당시 73%를 득표한 사실을 밝혀 논란이 일었다.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 무가베와 ZANU-PF 정권은 재집권 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%8B%B9%EC%A0%9C" title="일당제">일당제</a>를 재도입하고 공무원 수를 2배로 늘렸다.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 당시 이코노미스트는 이에 대해 "실정과 휘황천란한 부패"에 착수하였다고 보도하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2017년 안보학 연구소 (Institute for Security Studies)의 연구에 따르면, 짐바브웨의 정부와 경제가 몰락하면서 "정부가 소속 기관들에게 자신의 무능함 대신 부패를 통해 자금을 조달하는 것을 권장"한다고 분석되었다. 부패행위 중에는 여행자들을 대상으로 한 광범위하고 비공식적인 경찰의 검문 과정에서 발생하는 무분별한 벌금이 포함되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2016년 7월 짐바브웨의 경제 붕괴를 두고 전국적인 시위가 열렸고, 당시 재무부 장관은 "현재 우리에겐 아무것도 없습니다."라고 시인하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2017년 11월, 당시 짐바브웨 부통령 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A8_%EC%9D%8C%EB%82%AD%EA%B0%80%EA%B3%BC" title="에머슨 음낭가과">에머슨 음낭가과</a>가 해임된 직후 군부에서 쿠데타를 일으켜 무가베를 가택연금하는 사태가 벌어졌다. 군부는 자신들의 행동이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%8D%B0%ED%83%80" title="쿠데타">쿠데타</a>가 아니라고 부인하였다. 무가베가 2017년 11월 21일에 사임하게 되면서, 37년간의 무가베의 독재도 끝나게 되었다. 짐바브웨의 헌법에 따르면, 무가베의 대통령직은 부통령인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%A0%EB%A0%88%EC%BC%80%EC%A0%A4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9D%8C%ED%8F%AC%EC%BD%94" title="펠레케젤라 음포코">펠레케젤라 음포코</a>가 이임받아야 하나, ZANU-PF당 원내 총무 러브모어 마투케는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0" title="로이터">로이터</a>에 음낭가과가 대통령으로 임명될 것이라고 밝혔다. </p><p>2017년 12월, 짐바브웨 뉴스에서 다양한 통계를 통해 무가베 정권의 실적을 계산하여 공개하였다. 짐바브웨 뉴스에 따르면, 짐바브웨의 1980년 독립 직후, 짐바브웨는 연간 5%의 경제 성장률을 보였으며, 이는 상당 기간 동안 지속되었다. 만약 이 경제 성장률이 37년 동안 지속되었을시, 짐바브웨는 2016년 $520억 미국 달러의 GDP를 달성할 수 있다고 추정되나, 2016년 기준 짐바브웨의 GDP는 $140억 미국 달러에 그쳤다. 1980년 짐바브웨의 인구 성장률은 연간 3.5%로 아프리카에서 가장 높은 수준을 기록하였다. 이는 매 21년마다 인구가 이전의 2배를 달성할 수 있는 수치로, 만약 이 성장률이 지속되었을 때 짐바브웨의 인구는 3,100만 명까지 증가되었을 것으로 추정되나, 2018년 기준 짐바브웨의 인구는 1,300만 명으로 기록된다. 이는 기아와 질병으로 인한 사망과 출산률의 감소에 인한 것이라고 분석된다. 짐바브웨의 기대수명은 절반으로 감소하였고, 1980년부터 짐바브웨 정부가 지원하거나 관여한 정치적 폭력사태에 희생된 사망자는 20만 명을 넘어선다. 무가베 정권은 37년 동안의 집권 기간 동안 직간접적으로 최소 300만 명의 짐바브웨인들을 살해하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%8B%9D%EB%9F%89%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="유엔세계식량계획">유엔세계식량계획</a>에 따르면, 최근 짐바브웨가 겪은 여러 차례의 가뭄에 의해 200만 명의 인구가 기아 상태에 직면하고 있다고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="행정_구역"><span id=".ED.96.89.EC.A0.95_.EA.B5.AC.EC.97.AD"></span>행정 구역</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="부분 편집: 행정 구역"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg/300px-Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg/450px-Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg/600px-Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>짐바브웨의 주</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95_%EA%B5%AC%EC%97%AD" title="짐바브웨의 행정 구역">짐바브웨의 행정 구역</a>입니다.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="경제"><span id=".EA.B2.BD.EC.A0.9C"></span>경제</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="부분 편집: 경제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="짐바브웨 달러">짐바브웨 달러</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="짐바브웨의 경제">짐바브웨의 경제</a>입니다.</div> <p>2008년 미화 1달러에 대한 짐바브웨 달러화의 가치는 무려 200억 달러이다. 이렇게 화폐가치가 워낙 빠른 속도로 떨어지다 보니 지폐에 올 해 말까지만 사용하도록 유통기간을 표시할 정도이며, 또한 짐바브웨 정부는 돈을 한꺼번에 찾지 못하도록 하루 인출 금액을 1000억 짐바브웨 달러(미화로 5달러를 조금 넘는 수준)로 제한하고 있다. 이렇게 화폐가치가 땅에 떨어지면서 물가는 천정부지로 치솟아 연평균 물가 상승률이 220만%에 이르렀다.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2009년 9월 24일(한국 시각), <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%AC" title="한국방송공사">KBS</a> 뉴스 보도에 따르면 짐바브웨 정부는 자국의 화폐(짐바브웨 달러)를 없애고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="유럽">유럽</a> 등지의 다른 나라 화폐를 통용시킴으로써 점차 안정을 찾아가고 있다. 그러나 지폐만이 통용되고 있어 거스름돈을 받지 못하는 상황이 발생하였으며, 농촌 지역에서는 화폐 사용 대신에 물물교환이 거래수단이 되어가고 있다. 게다가 주요 공산품 가격이 여전히 주변 국가들의 3~4배에 달하는 상황이어서 안정이 깨질 것처럼 보이고 있다. 이에 대해 짐바브웨 정부는 불편하긴 해도 짐바브웨 내의 경제가 제 궤도에 오를 때까지 자체 화폐 사용을 하지 않겠다고 밝혔다.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 이에 따라 짐바브웨 정부는 당분간 자국의 화폐를 대신하여 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="미국 달러">US 달러</a>로 화폐를 대체하기로 결정했다.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>이는 짐바브웨 달러화의 가치는 수직하강을 하고 있기 때문으로, <a href="/wiki/2010%EB%85%84" title="2010년">2010년</a>에는 달걀 한개가 3500억 짐바브웨 달러, 즉 1조 짐바브웨 달러로 달걀 3개조차 구매할 수 없는 지경에까지 이르렀다. </p><p>2015년 6월 11일(현지시간) <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EC%A4%80%EB%B9%84%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="짐바브웨 준비은행">짐바브웨 준비은행</a>은 자국의 화폐를 폐지하고 미화로 교체한다고 밝혔다. 3경5000조 짐바브웨달러가 미국 1달러로 교체된다.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>현재 짐바브웨의 새 통화는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTGS_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTGS 달러 (없는 문서)">RTGS 달러</a>로 대체되면서 기존의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="미국 달러">미국 달러</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A1%9C" title="유로">유로</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD_%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="남아프리카 공화국 랜드">남아프리카 공화국 랜드</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98_%ED%92%80%EB%9D%BC" title="보츠와나 풀라">보츠와나 풀라</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="나미비아 달러">나미비아 달러</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B4%EB%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="영국 파운드">영국 파운드</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="오스트레일리아 달러">오스트레일리아 달러</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EB%A3%A8%ED%94%BC" title="인도 루피">인도 루피</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%97%94" title="일본 엔">일본 엔</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%B0%EB%AF%BC%EB%B9%84" title="런민비">런민비</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9B%90" title="대한민국 원">대한민국 원</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%94" title="러시아 루블">러시아 루블</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91" title="스위스 프랑">스위스 프랑</a> 등 여러 통화가 짐바브웨 달러의 대체 통화들을 이용해야 하는 불편을 안긴 적이 있었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="지리"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EB.A6.AC"></span>지리</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="부분 편집: 지리"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>짐바브웨는 남아프리카에 자리잡은 내륙국이며 남쪽으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="남아프리카공화국">남아프리카공화국</a>, 서쪽으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98" title="보츠와나">보츠와나</a>, 북서쪽으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="잠비아">잠비아</a>, 동쪽으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="모잠비크">모잠비크</a>와 접한다. 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="나미비아">나미비아</a>는 짐바브웨랑 서쪽에서 딱 한 부분 만난다. 북서쪽 국경은 잠베지 강으로 나뉜다. 짐바브웨의 가장 높은 곳은 냥가니 산(Mount Nyangani)이며 해발 2,592 m이다. 동쪽 부분에는 냥가니 국립 공원이 있다. 가장 낮은 곳은 룬데 강, 사베 강과 접한다. 빅토리아 호수는 가장 중요한 관광지이다. 강수가 불규칙적인 탓에 가뭄이 잦으며 폭풍과 같은 기상 피해도 잘 나타나지 않는다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="환경_문제"><span id=".ED.99.98.EA.B2.BD_.EB.AC.B8.EC.A0.9C"></span>환경 문제</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="부분 편집: 환경 문제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>가장 중요한 환경 문제는 무분별한 삼림 채벌으로 인한 토양 침식과 화전민으로 인한 대기 오염, 수질 오염 등이 있다. 또한 짐바브웨 일대에서 가장 많은 개체수를 누렸던 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%80%EC%9D%80%EC%BD%94%EB%BF%94%EC%86%8C" title="검은코뿔소">검은코뿔소</a>가 사냥으로 인해 개체 수가 급감하면서 이 또한 큰 문제로 떠오르고 있다. 이외에도 광물 채취와 이에 대한 대책 부재로 폐기물이 처리되지 않고 방치되어 어려움을 겪고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84"></span>기후</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="부분 편집: 기후"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>국토의 대다수가 열대기후이지만 고도차이가 나서 기후가 달라지기도 한다. 11월에서 3월까지가 우기로서 비가 잦다. 짐바브웨 국토의 대다수가 고원 지대이고 이 고원에도 고도 차이가 나다보니 산 지대 인근에는 비가 많이 오는 경향이 나타나며 동쪽 지대에 그래도 비가 잦은 편이다. 짐바브웨는 전국이 사바나로 덮여 있고 이 나라의 별명은 '동물의 왕국'이다. 이렇게 짐바브웨가 동물의 왕국이다 보니, 많은 동물학자들이 이곳을 찾는다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="인구"><span id=".EC.9D.B8.EA.B5.AC"></span>인구</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="부분 편집: 인구"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="짐바브웨의 인구">짐바브웨의 인구</a>입니다.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="사람과_언어"><span id=".EC.82.AC.EB.9E.8C.EA.B3.BC_.EC.96.B8.EC.96.B4"></span>사람과 언어</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="부분 편집: 사람과 언어"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2000년 2월의 헌법안의 4조 1항에 보면 "<a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4" title="공용어">공용어</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%82%98%EC%96%B4" title="쇼나어">쇼나어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%EB%8D%B0%EB%B2%A8%EB%A0%88%EC%96%B4" class="mw-disambig" title="은데벨레어">은데벨레어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A4%EB%8B%A4%EC%96%B4" title="벤다어">벤다어</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%A8%EB%B1%8C%EC%96%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="남뱌어 (없는 문서)">남뱌어</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%B9%EA%B0%84%EC%96%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="샹간어 (없는 문서)">샹간어</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%BC%EB%9E%91%EA%B0%80%EC%96%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="칼랑가어 (없는 문서)">칼랑가어</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%98%ED%88%AC%EC%96%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="수투어 (없는 문서)">수투어</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%89%81%EA%B0%80%EC%96%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="퉁가어 (없는 문서)">퉁가어</a>이다."라고 규정하고 있으며, 동조 2항에 보면 "영어는 기록 언어다"라고 규정하고 있다. </p><p>그러나 위 헌법안은 2000년 2월 12일과 13일에 걸쳐 실시한 국민투표에서 54.68%가 반대하여 부결되었다. 현행 헌법은 일부 수정을 하여 2005년 9월 14일에부터 효력이 발생한 것인데 위 2000년 헌법안에 포함된 언어에 관한 4조는 폐기되었다. 다만,‘판사의 자격’에 대해서 규정하고 있는 82조와 87조에 “영어는 하나의 공식어다.”는 규정만 있을 뿐이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="문화"><span id=".EB.AC.B8.ED.99.94"></span>문화</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="부분 편집: 문화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="종교"><span id=".EC.A2.85.EA.B5.90"></span>종교</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="부분 편집: 종교"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>짐바브웨는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="종교의 자유">종교의 자유</a>가 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="이슬람">이슬람</a>, 전통종교를 믿고 있다. 짐바브웨 기독교 교파로는 개신교(최대교단 짐바브웨 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%8A%90%EB%8B%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%B1%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="하느님의 성회">하느님의 성회</a>), 짐바브웨 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%B5%ED%9A%8C" title="성공회">성공회</a>(남아프리카 성공회에 속해 있다.), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="로마 가톨릭교회">로마 가톨릭교회</a>, 아프리카 토착 기독교(아프리카 사도교회)가 있으며, 전 종교인의 61.7%가 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%B8" title="기독교인">기독교인</a>이다.이슬람은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도">인도</a>사람과 렘바족이 믿고 있으며, 전 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="종교">종교</a>인의 1.6%를 차지한다. 전통종교는 전 종교인의 32.6%가 믿는다.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="대한관계"><span id=".EB.8C.80.ED.95.9C.EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84"></span>대한관계</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="부분 편집: 대한관계"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84" title="로디지아">로디지아</a>로 독립한 후 이 나라는 국제적으로 제재 대상이었기 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>은 이 나라를 승인하지 않았다. <a href="/wiki/1980%EB%85%84" title="1980년">1980년</a> 짐바브웨가 건국되면서 대한민국은 곧바로 짐바브웨를 승인하였으나, 이 나라는 곧바로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4-%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스-레닌주의">마르크스-레닌주의</a> 정책을 추진하면서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>과만 수교하고 대한민국과의 외교관계는 수립하지 않았다. 총리와 대통령이던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%B2%A0" title="로버트 무가베">로버트 무가베</a>는 <a href="/wiki/1980%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1980년대">1980년대</a>에 여러 차례 북한을 방문하는 등 북한과 우호적인 관계를 유지하였으나, 계속하여 대한민국과의 수교는 이루어지지 않았다. </p><p>그러나 대한민국과는 경제·문화 교류를 하였으며, <a href="/wiki/1988%EB%85%84" title="1988년">1988년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="서울 올림픽">서울 올림픽</a>에도 참여하였다. 양국은 수교 이전부터 비교적 활발한 무역 거래를 하였으며, <a href="/wiki/1994%EB%85%84" title="1994년">1994년</a> 정식으로 국교를 수립하였다. 이에 따라 짐바브웨는 남북한 동시수교국이 되었다. 대한민국은 <a href="/wiki/1995%EB%85%84" title="1995년">1995년</a> 주 짐바브웨 대사관을 개설하였으나, 북한은 <a href="/wiki/1998%EB%85%84" title="1998년">1998년</a> 주 짐바브웨 대사관을 폐쇄하였다. 그 후 대한민국과의 관계는 꾸준히 증가되어 2006년 한국 교민 127명, 체류자 70명이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="스포츠"><span id=".EC.8A.A4.ED.8F.AC.EC.B8.A0"></span>스포츠</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="부분 편집: 스포츠"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>축구는 짐바브웨에서 가장 인기있는 종목이다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8_%EC%B6%95%EA%B5%AC_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80%ED%91%9C%ED%8C%80" title="짐바브웨 축구 국가대표팀">국가대표팀</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98%EC%8A%A4%EC%BB%B5" title="아프리카 네이션스컵">아프리카 네이션스컵</a> 본선에 세 차례 진출했고, <a href="/wiki/COSAFA_%EC%BB%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="COSAFA 컵">COSAFA 컵</a>에서 네 차례, CECAFA 컵에서는 한 차례 우승한 이력이 있다. 올림픽 수영에서 금메달을 차지한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0_%EC%BD%94%EB%B2%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="커스티 코벤트리">커스티 코벤트리</a>가 이 나라 출신이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Census2022_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241001155012/https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/Demography/Census/2022_PHC_Report_27012023_Final.pdf">&#8220;Zimbabwe 2022 Population and Housing Census Report, vol. 1&#8221;</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. &#12298;ZimStat&#12299;. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency. 122쪽. 2024년 10월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/Demography/Census/2022_PHC_Report_27012023_Final.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ZimStat&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe+2022+Population+and+Housing+Census+Report%2C+vol.+1&amp;rft.pages=122&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zimstat.co.zw%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FDemography%2FCensus%2F2022_PHC_Report_27012023_Final.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.ZW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ZW_2-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=698,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1">&#8220;World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Zimbabwe)&#8221;</a>. &#12298;IMF.org&#12299;. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%88" title="국제 통화 기금">국제 통화 기금</a>. 2023년 10월 10일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 10월 15일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMF.org&amp;rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Zimbabwe%29&amp;rft.date=2023-10-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D698%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240319085123/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx">&#8220;Human Development Report 2023/24&#8221;</a> (영어). <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="유엔 개발 계획">유엔 개발 계획</a>. 2024년 3월 13일. 2024년 3월 19일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 3월 22일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&amp;rft.pub=%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94+%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C+%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D&amp;rft.date=2024-03-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-24_HDR%2FHDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%90" title="개신교">개신교</a> 69.2%<br />기타 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%B8" title="기독교인">기독교인</a> 14.9%</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200416053740/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">&#8220;Africa&#160;:: Zimbabwe — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency&#8221;</a>. 2020년 4월 16일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Africa+%3A%3A+Zimbabwe+%E2%80%94+The+World+Factbook+-+Central+Intelligence+Agency&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fzi.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">&#8220;World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+-+Population+Division+-+United+Nations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a3bacd57-en">&#8220;World Population Prospects&#8221;</a>. 2016년 4월 14일. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.18356%2Fa3bacd57-en">10.18356/a3bacd57-en</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects&amp;rft.date=2016-04-14&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18356%2Fa3bacd57-en&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.18356%2Fa3bacd57-en&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002110534/http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf">&#8220;Wayback Machine&#8221;</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2013년 10월 2일. 2013년 10월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wayback+Machine&amp;rft.date=2013-10-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kubatana.net%2Fdocs%2Flegisl%2Fconstitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Johnson, Boris (2017년 11월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/15/robert-mugabe-tarnished-jewel-zimbabwe-now-chance-shine/">&#8220;Robert Mugabe tarnished the jewel that is Zimbabwe. Now is its chance to shine again&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The Telegraph&#12299; (영국 영어). <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Robert+Mugabe+tarnished+the+jewel+that+is+Zimbabwe.+Now+is+its+chance+to+shine+again&amp;rft.date=2017-11-15&amp;rft.issn=0307-1235&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=Boris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F11%2F15%2Frobert-mugabe-tarnished-jewel-zimbabwe-now-chance-shine%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lessing, Doris (2003년 4월 10일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2003/04/10/the-jewel-of-africa/">&#8220;The Jewel of Africa&#8221;</a> (영어). <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504">0028-7504</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Jewel+of+Africa&amp;rft.date=2003-04-10&amp;rft.issn=0028-7504&amp;rft.aulast=Lessing&amp;rft.aufirst=Doris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2003%2F04%2F10%2Fthe-jewel-of-africa%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-economy-battered-over-the-years/2724325.html">&#8220;What Happened to Zimbabwe, Once Known as The Jewel of Africa?&#8221;</a> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=What+Happened+to+Zimbabwe%2C+Once+Known+as+The+Jewel+of+Africa%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voazimbabwe.com%2Fa%2Fzimbabwe-economy-battered-over-the-years%2F2724325.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2015&amp;dlid=252745#wrapper">&#8220;Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Country+Reports+on+Human+Rights+Practices+for+2015&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2Fhumanrightsreport%2Findex.htm%3Fyear%3D2015%26dlid%3D252745%23wrapper&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23431534">&#8220;Robert Mugabe: Is Zimbabwe's ex-president a hero or villain?&#8221;</a>. &#12298;BBC News&#12299; (영국 영어). 2017년 11월 21일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Robert+Mugabe%3A+Is+Zimbabwe%27s+ex-president+a+hero+or+villain%3F&amp;rft.date=2017-11-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-23431534&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-03-16-tutu-zimbabwe_N.htm">&#8220;Archbishop Desmond Tutu lambasts African silence on Zimbabwe - USATODAY.com&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Archbishop+Desmond+Tutu+lambasts+African+silence+on+Zimbabwe+-+USATODAY.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2007-03-16-tutu-zimbabwe_N.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CNN, David McKenzie, Brent Swails and Angela Dewan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/14/africa/zimbabwe-military-chief-treasonable-conduct/index.html">&#8220;Zimbabwe is under military control after army seizes power&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+is+under+military+control+after+army+seizes+power&amp;rft.aulast=CNN&amp;rft.aufirst=David+McKenzie%2C+Brent+Swails+and+Angela+Dewan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F11%2F14%2Fafrica%2Fzimbabwe-military-chief-treasonable-conduct%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Phipps, Claire; Rawlinson, Kevin; Burke, Jason; Burke, Jason (2017년 11월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2017/nov/15/zimbabwe-army-control-harare-coup-robert-mugabe-live">&#8220;Zimbabwe: Robert Mugabe confined to home as army takes control – as it happened&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The Guardian&#12299; (영국 영어). <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe%3A+Robert+Mugabe+confined+to+home+as+army+takes+control+%E2%80%93+as+it+happened&amp;rft.date=2017-11-15&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Phipps&amp;rft.aufirst=Claire&amp;rft.au=Rawlinson%2C+Kevin&amp;rft.au=Burke%2C+Jason&amp;rft.au=Burke%2C+Jason&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2017%2Fnov%2F15%2Fzimbabwe-army-control-harare-coup-robert-mugabe-live&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42043370">&#8220;Zimbabwe's ruling party sacks Robert Mugabe as leader&#8221;</a>. &#12298;BBC News&#12299; (영국 영어). 2017년 11월 19일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe%27s+ruling+party+sacks+Robert+Mugabe+as+leader&amp;rft.date=2017-11-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-42043370&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42071488">&#8220;Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe resigns, ending 37-year rule&#8221;</a>. &#12298;BBC News&#12299; (영국 영어). 2017년 11월 21일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe%27s+Robert+Mugabe+resigns%2C+ending+37-year+rule&amp;rft.date=2017-11-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-42071488&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zimeye.net/2018/06/14/breaking-record-23-presidential-candidates-for-zimbabwes-july-30-polls/">&#8220;BREAKING- Record 23 Presidential Candidates For Zimbabwe’s July 30 Polls – ZimEye&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=BREAKING-+Record+23+Presidential+Candidates+For+Zimbabwe%E2%80%99s+July+30+Polls+%E2%80%93+ZimEye&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zimeye.net%2F2018%2F06%2F14%2Fbreaking-record-23-presidential-candidates-for-zimbabwes-july-30-polls%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Aug 3; Latest, Zim (2018년 8월 2일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zwnews.com/latest-news-ed-mnangagwa-beats-nelson-chamisa-to-win-zim-election-2018-zanu-mdc-alliance-zec/">&#8220;BREAKING NEWS: Emerson Mnangagwa wins Zimbabwe Presidential Elections 2018, ZEC&#8221;</a> (영국 영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=BREAKING+NEWS%3A+Emerson+Mnangagwa+wins+Zimbabwe+Presidential+Elections+2018%2C+ZEC&amp;rft.date=2018-08-02&amp;rft.au=Aug+3&amp;rft.au=Latest%2C+Zim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzwnews.com%2Flatest-news-ed-mnangagwa-beats-nelson-chamisa-to-win-zim-election-2018-zanu-mdc-alliance-zec%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070331/https://www.trtworld.com/mea/zimbabwe-s-chamisa-challenges-election-result-19514">&#8220;Zimbabwe’s Chamisa challenges election result&#8221;</a> (영어). 2019년 1월 17일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trtworld.com/mea/zimbabwe-s-chamisa-challenges-election-result-19514">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%E2%80%99s+Chamisa+challenges+election+result&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trtworld.com%2Fmea%2Fzimbabwe-s-chamisa-challenges-election-result-19514&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/zim-concourt-dismisses-mdcs-challenge-confirms-mnangagwa-winner/">&#8220;Zim ConCourt dismisses MDC’s challenge, confirms Mnangagwa winner - SABC News - Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader.&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zim+ConCourt+dismisses+MDC%E2%80%99s+challenge%2C+confirms+Mnangagwa+winner+-+SABC+News+-+Breaking+news%2C+special+reports%2C+world%2C+business%2C+sport+coverage+of+all+South+African+current+events.+Africa%27s+news+leader.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabcnews.com%2Fsabcnews%2Fzim-concourt-dismisses-mdcs-challenge-confirms-mnangagwa-winner%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dzirutwe, MacDonald (2018년 8월 25일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-election-court-idUSKCN1L90W2">&#8220;Top Zimbabwe court confirms Mnangagwa's presidential election victory&#8221;</a>. &#12298;Reuters&#12299; (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Top+Zimbabwe+court+confirms+Mnangagwa%27s+presidential+election+victory&amp;rft.date=2018-08-25&amp;rft.aulast=Dzirutwe&amp;rft.aufirst=MacDonald&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-zimbabwe-election-court-idUSKCN1L90W2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503184153/http://www.somalipress.com/zimbabwe-overview/zimbabwe-big-house-stone-1145.html">&#8220;Zimbabwe - Big House of Stone, Somali Press&#8221;</a>. 2011년 5월 3일. 2011년 5월 3일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somalipress.com/zimbabwe-overview/zimbabwe-big-house-stone-1145.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 1월 20일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+Big+House+of+Stone%2C+Somali+Press&amp;rft.date=2011-05-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.somalipress.com%2Fzimbabwe-overview%2Fzimbabwe-big-house-stone-1145.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lafon, Michel (1994). "Shona Class 5 revisited: a case against *ri as Class 5 nominal prefix" (PDF). <i>Zambezia</i>. <b>21</b>: 51–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vale, Lawrence J. (1999년 1월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/136023699373774">&#8220;Mediated monuments and national identity&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The Journal of Architecture&#12299; (영어) <b>4</b> (4): 391–408. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F136023699373774">10.1080/136023699373774</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1360-2365">1360-2365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Architecture&amp;rft.atitle=Mediated+monuments+and+national+identity&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=391-408&amp;rft.date=1999-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F136023699373774&amp;rft.issn=1360-2365&amp;rft.aulast=Vale&amp;rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F136023699373774&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Garlake, Peter S. ([1973]). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/723086">&#12298;Great Zimbabwe&#12299;</a>. New York,: Stein and Day. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-8128-1599-8" title="특수:책찾기/0-8128-1599-8"><bdi>0-8128-1599-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Great+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C&amp;rft.pub=Stein+and+Day&amp;rft.isbn=0-8128-1599-8&amp;rft.au=Garlake%2C+Peter+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F723086&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">다음 날짜 값 확인 필요: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#bad_date" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fontein, Joost. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62344815">&#12298;The silence of Great Zimbabwe&#160;: contested landscapes and the power of heritage&#12299;</a>. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: UCL Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1-84472-123-X" title="특수:책찾기/1-84472-123-X"><bdi>1-84472-123-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+silence+of+Great+Zimbabwe+%3A+contested+landscapes+and+the+power+of+heritage&amp;rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=UCL+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=1-84472-123-X&amp;rft.au=Fontein%2C+Joost.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F62344815&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_29-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_29-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_29-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_29-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/812923179">&#12298;Do 'Zimbabweans' exist?&#160;: trajectories of nationalism, national identity formation and crisis in a postcolonial state&#12299;</a>. New York: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-3-0353-0253-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-3-0353-0253-0"><bdi>978-3-0353-0253-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Do+%27Zimbabweans%27+exist%3F+%3A+trajectories+of+nationalism%2C+national+identity+formation+and+crisis+in+a+postcolonial+state&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Peter+Lang&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-0353-0253-0&amp;rft.au=Ndlovu-Gatsheni%2C+Sabelo+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F812923179&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"What's in a Name? Welcome to the 'Republic of Machobana'". <i>Read on</i>. Harare: Training Aids Development Group: 40. 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702192857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/pre-colonial-history-sa">&#8220;Pre-colonial history of SA: South African History Online&#8221;</a>. 2016년 7월 2일. 2016년 7월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/pre-colonial-history-sa">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 1월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pre-colonial+history+of+SA%3A+South+African+History+Online&amp;rft.date=2016-07-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Farticle%2Fpre-colonial-history-sa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_32-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_32-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_32-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107164147/http://www.sahistory.org.za/place/zimbabwe">&#8220;Zimbabwe: South African History Online&#8221;</a>. 2019년 1월 7일. 2019년 1월 7일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/place/zimbabwe">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 1월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%3A+South+African+History+Online&amp;rft.date=2019-01-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fplace%2Fzimbabwe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_33-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_33-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234243624">&#12298;Historical archaeology&#12299;</a>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. 2006. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1-4051-5234-6" title="특수:책찾기/1-4051-5234-6"><bdi>1-4051-5234-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+archaeology&amp;rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&amp;rft.pub=Blackwell+Pub&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=1-4051-5234-6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F234243624&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, Harold (1983). <i>Zimbabwe: A Country Study</i>. The Studies. pp. 1–317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hensman, Howard (2018년 2월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZebPswEACAAJ">&#12298;Cecil Rhodes: A Study of a Career&#12299;</a> (영어). Creative Media Partners, LLC. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-376-44852-8" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-376-44852-8"><bdi>978-1-376-44852-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cecil+Rhodes%3A+A+Study+of+a+Career&amp;rft.pub=Creative+Media+Partners%2C+LLC&amp;rft.date=2018-02&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-376-44852-8&amp;rft.aulast=Hensman&amp;rft.aufirst=Howard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZebPswEACAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Marks, Shula (1985년 10월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700028863">&#8220;A Textbook on Southern Africa - A New History of Southern Africa. By Neil Parsons. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Education Limited, 1982. Pp. vi + 330. £3.95 (paperback).&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The Journal of African History&#12299; <b>26</b> (4): 417–418. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0021853700028863">10.1017/s0021853700028863</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&amp;rft.atitle=A+Textbook+on+Southern+Africa+-+A+New+History+of+Southern+Africa.+By+Neil+Parsons.+London+and+Basingstoke%3A+Macmillan+Education+Limited%2C+1982.+Pp.+vi+%2B+330.+%C2%A33.95+%28paperback%29.&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=417-418&amp;rft.date=1985-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0021853700028863&amp;rft.issn=0021-8537&amp;rft.aulast=Marks&amp;rft.aufirst=Shula&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0021853700028863&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bryce, James Bryce, Viscount (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5479/sil.258212.39088000531319">&#12298;Impressions of South Africa&#12299;</a>. Century.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Impressions+of+South+Africa&amp;rft.pub=Century&amp;rft.date=1898&amp;rft.aulast=Bryce&amp;rft.aufirst=James+Bryce%2C+Viscount&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5479%2Fsil.258212.39088000531319&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southern Rhodesia Order in Council of 20 October 1898, which includes at section 4 thereof: "The territory for the time being within the limits of this Order shall be known as Southern Rhodesia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Chaplin, J. H. (1956년 12월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2793414">&#8220;193. A Note on Mancala Games in Northern Rhodesia&#8221;</a>. &#12298;Man&#12299; <b>56</b>: 168. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2793414">10.2307/2793414</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-1496">0025-1496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Man&amp;rft.atitle=193.+A+Note+on+Mancala+Games+in+Northern+Rhodesia&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft.pages=168&amp;rft.date=1956-12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2793414&amp;rft.issn=0025-1496&amp;rft.aulast=Chaplin&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+H.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F2793414&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southern Rhodesia (Annexation) Order in Council, 30 July 1923 which provided by section 3 thereof: "From and after the coming into operation of this Order the said territories shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's Dominions, and shall be known as the Colony of Southern Rhodesia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stella Madzibamuto v Desmond William Larder – Burke, Fredrick Phillip George (1969) A.C 645 – Authority for date of annexation having been 12 September 1923, being the date the Rhodesia (Annexation) Order in Council came into effect.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_42-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_42-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations Action in the Question of Southern Rhodesia</i> by Vera Gowlland-Debbas</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stella Madzibamuto v Desmond William Larder – Burke, Fredrick Phillip George (1969) A.C 645</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southern Rhodesia Constitution Letters Patent, 1923</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/rhodesias-war-independence">&#8220;Rhodesia's War of Independence: History Today&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 13일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rhodesia%27s+War+of+Independence%3A+History+Today&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Frhodesias-war-independence&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Machingaidze, Victor E.M. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/219092">&#8220;Agrarian Change from above: The Southern Rhodesia Native Land Husbandry Act and African Response&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The International Journal of African Historical Studies&#12299; <b>24</b> (3): 557–588. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F219092">10.2307/219092</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-7882">0361-7882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+African+Historical+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Agrarian+Change+from+above%3A+The+Southern+Rhodesia+Native+Land+Husbandry+Act+and+African+Response&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=557-588&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F219092&amp;rft.issn=0361-7882&amp;rft.aulast=Machingaidze&amp;rft.aufirst=Victor+E.M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F219092&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_47-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_47-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hastedt, Glenn P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234238052">&#12298;Encyclopedia of American foreign policy&#12299;</a>. New York: Facts On File. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-4381-0989-3" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-4381-0989-3"><bdi>978-1-4381-0989-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+foreign+policy&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Facts+On+File&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0989-3&amp;rft.aulast=Hastedt&amp;rft.aufirst=Glenn+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F234238052&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/1/newsid_2492000/2492915.stm">&#8220;1979: End of white rule in Rhodesia&#8221;</a> (영국 영어). 1979년 6월 1일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=1979%3A+End+of+white+rule+in+Rhodesia&amp;rft.date=1979-06-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjune%2F1%2Fnewsid_2492000%2F2492915.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:9_49-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:9_49-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mbiba, B. (2009년 5월 9일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp035">&#8220;Re-living the Second Chimurenga: Memories from Zimbabwe's liberation struggle, by Fay Chung&#8221;</a>. &#12298;African Affairs&#12299; <b>108</b> (432): 503–504. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadp035">10.1093/afraf/adp035</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9909">0001-9909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=African+Affairs&amp;rft.atitle=Re-living+the+Second+Chimurenga%3A+Memories+from+Zimbabwe%27s+liberation+struggle%2C+by+Fay+Chung&amp;rft.volume=108&amp;rft.issue=432&amp;rft.pages=503-504&amp;rft.date=2009-05-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadp035&amp;rft.issn=0001-9909&amp;rft.aulast=Mbiba&amp;rft.aufirst=B.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadp035&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Preston, Matthew (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755623044">&#12298;Ending Civil War&#12299;</a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-85043-579-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-85043-579-2"><bdi>978-1-85043-579-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ending+Civil+War&amp;rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85043-579-2&amp;rft.aulast=Preston&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5040%2F9780755623044&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Soames, Lord (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2617389">&#8220;From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe&#8221;</a>. &#12298;International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-)&#12299; <b>56</b> (3): 405–419. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2617389">10.2307/2617389</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-5850">0020-5850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Affairs+%28Royal+Institute+of+International+Affairs+1944-%29&amp;rft.atitle=From+Rhodesia+to+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=405-419&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2617389&amp;rft.issn=0020-5850&amp;rft.aulast=Soames&amp;rft.aufirst=Lord&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2617389&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimbabwe, May 1980/Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence, Canberra: Government Printer, 1980. p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Waddy, Nicholas (2013년 10월 17일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2013.846935">&#8220;The Strange Death of ‘Zimbabwe-Rhodesia’: The Question of British Recognition of the Muzorewa Regime in Rhodesian Public Opinion, 1979&#8221;</a>. &#12298;South African Historical Journal&#12299; <b>66</b> (2): 227–248. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F02582473.2013.846935">10.1080/02582473.2013.846935</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0258-2473">0258-2473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=The+Strange+Death+of+%E2%80%98Zimbabwe-Rhodesia%E2%80%99%3A+The+Question+of+British+Recognition+of+the+Muzorewa+Regime+in+Rhodesian+Public+Opinion%2C+1979&amp;rft.volume=66&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=227-248&amp;rft.date=2013-10-17&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2013.846935&amp;rft.issn=0258-2473&amp;rft.aulast=Waddy&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2013.846935&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richardknight.homestead.com/files/zimletmarch80.htm">&#8220;Rhodesia/Zimbabwe Election 1980&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rhodesia%2FZimbabwe+Election+1980&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frichardknight.homestead.com%2Ffiles%2Fzimletmarch80.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Ian (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781613584">&#12298;Bitter Harvest&#160;: Zimbabwe and the Aftermath of its Independence.&#12299;</a>. London: John Blake Pub. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-84358-238-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-84358-238-0"><bdi>978-1-84358-238-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Bitter+Harvest+%3A+Zimbabwe+and+the+Aftermath+of+its+Independence.&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=John+Blake+Pub&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84358-238-0&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F781613584&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Godwin, Peter (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36096536">&#12298;<span></span>'Rhodesians never die'&#160;: the impact of war and political change on White Rhodesia, c. 1970-1980&#12299;</a>. Harare, Zimbabwe: Baobab Books. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-908311-82-6" title="특수:책찾기/0-908311-82-6"><bdi>0-908311-82-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%27Rhodesians+never+die%27+%3A+the+impact+of+war+and+political+change+on+White+Rhodesia%2C+c.+1970-1980&amp;rft.place=Harare%2C+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.pub=Baobab+Books&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0-908311-82-6&amp;rft.aulast=Godwin&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F36096536&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nyarota, Geoffrey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70264443">&#12298;Against the grain&#160;: memoirs of a Zimbabwean newsman&#12299;</a>. Cape Town: Zebra. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1-77007-112-1" title="특수:책찾기/1-77007-112-1"><bdi>1-77007-112-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Against+the+grain+%3A+memoirs+of+a+Zimbabwean+newsman&amp;rft.place=Cape+Town&amp;rft.pub=Zebra&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=1-77007-112-1&amp;rft.aulast=Nyarota&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F70264443&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_58-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_58-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Meredith, Martin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154797844">&#12298;Mugabe&#160;: power, plunder, and the struggle for Zimbabwe&#12299;</a> Rev. a updat판. New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-58648-558-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-58648-558-0"><bdi>978-1-58648-558-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mugabe+%3A+power%2C+plunder%2C+and+the+struggle+for+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.edition=Rev.+and+updated+ed&amp;rft.pub=PublicAffairs&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58648-558-0&amp;rft.aulast=Meredith&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F154797844&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 추가 문구 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%B6%94%EA%B0%80_%EB%AC%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 추가 문구">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:11_59-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:11_59-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, Geoff (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59286430">&#12298;The battle for Zimbabwe&#160;: the final countdown&#12299;</a>. Cape Town: Zebra. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1-86872-652-5" title="특수:책찾기/1-86872-652-5"><bdi>1-86872-652-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+battle+for+Zimbabwe+%3A+the+final+countdown&amp;rft.place=Cape+Town&amp;rft.pub=Zebra&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=1-86872-652-5&amp;rft.aulast=Hill&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F59286430&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_60-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_60-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Roberts, S. (2008년 11월 28일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adn079">&#8220;Gukurahundi in Zimbabwe: A report on the disturbances in the Matabeleland and the Midlands, by the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace&#8221;</a>. &#12298;African Affairs&#12299; <b>108</b> (430): 151–152. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn079">10.1093/afraf/adn079</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9909">0001-9909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=African+Affairs&amp;rft.atitle=Gukurahundi+in+Zimbabwe%3A+A+report+on+the+disturbances+in+the+Matabeleland+and+the+Midlands%2C+by+the+Catholic+Commission+for+Justice+and+Peace&amp;rft.volume=108&amp;rft.issue=430&amp;rft.pages=151-152&amp;rft.date=2008-11-28&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn079&amp;rft.issn=0001-9909&amp;rft.aulast=Roberts&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn079&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161112015104/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-17562-Gukurahundi%20killed%2080,000%20Eddie%20Cross/news.aspx">&#8220;Gukurahundi killed 80,000: Eddie Cross&#8221;</a>. 2016년 11월 12일. 2016년 11월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-17562-Gukurahundi%20killed%2080,000%20Eddie%20Cross/news.aspx">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gukurahundi+killed+80%2C000%3A+Eddie+Cross&amp;rft.date=2016-11-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newzimbabwe.com%2Fnews-17562-Gukurahundi%2520killed%252080%2C000%2520Eddie%2520Cross%2Fnews.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123124818/http://www.badley.info/history/ZANU-PF-Zimbabwe.event.html">&#8220;History and chronology of ZANU PF in Zimbabwe&#8221;</a>. 2008년 11월 23일. 2008년 11월 23일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.badley.info/history/ZANU-PF-Zimbabwe.event.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+and+chronology+of+ZANU+PF+in+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.date=2008-11-23&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.badley.info%2Fhistory%2FZANU-PF-Zimbabwe.event.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14113618">&#8220;Zimbabwe profile - Timeline&#8221;</a>. &#12298;BBC News&#12299; (영국 영어). 2019년 3월 19일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe+profile+-+Timeline&amp;rft.date=2019-03-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-14113618&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205015007/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zim1990election.htm">&#8220;EISA Zimbabwe: 1990 General Elections&#8221;</a>. 2008년 12월 5일. 2008년 12월 5일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zim1990election.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=EISA+Zimbabwe%3A+1990+General+Elections&amp;rft.date=2008-12-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisa.org.za%2FWEP%2Fzim1990election.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090902092508/http://www.uz.ac.zw/publications/books/pol.html">&#8220;University Of Zimbabwe Publications&#8221;</a>. 2009년 9월 2일. 2009년 9월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uz.ac.zw/publications/books/pol.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=University+Of+Zimbabwe+Publications&amp;rft.date=2009-09-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uz.ac.zw%2Fpublications%2Fbooks%2Fpol.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108142024/http://africanhistory.about.com/od/zimbabwe/p/ZimbabweHist3.htm">&#8220;A Brief History of Zimbabwe – Part 3: Independence to a One Party State&#8221;</a>. 2008년 1월 8일. 2008년 1월 8일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africanhistory.about.com/od/zimbabwe/p/ZimbabweHist3.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Zimbabwe+%E2%80%93+Part+3%3A+Independence+to+a+One+Party+State&amp;rft.date=2008-01-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafricanhistory.about.com%2Fod%2Fzimbabwe%2Fp%2FZimbabweHist3.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205012226/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimoverview5.htm">&#8220;EISA Zimbabwe: ZANU PF hegemony and its breakdown (1990-1999)&#8221;</a>. 2008년 12월 5일. 2008년 12월 5일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimoverview5.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=EISA+Zimbabwe%3A+ZANU+PF+hegemony+and+its+breakdown+%281990-1999%29&amp;rft.date=2008-12-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisa.org.za%2FWEP%2Fzimoverview5.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/africa/zimbabwe/zimbabwe-country-africa">&#8220;Zimbabwe: Infoplease&#8221;</a> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%3A+Infoplease&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fplaces%2Fafrica%2Fzimbabwe%2Fzimbabwe-country-africa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avert.org/professionals/history-hiv-aids/overview">&#8220;History of HIV and AIDS overview&#8221;</a> (영어). 2015년 7월 20일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+HIV+and+AIDS+overview&amp;rft.date=2015-07-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avert.org%2Fprofessionals%2Fhistory-hiv-aids%2Foverview&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/692638.stm">&#8220;BBC NEWS Africa: Britain's troubles with Mugabe&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=BBC+NEWS+Africa%3A+Britain%27s+troubles+with+Mugabe&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F692638.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_71-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_71-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">(Organization), Human Rights Watch (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/49338997">&#12298;Zimbabwe&#160;: fast track land reform in Zimbabwe.&#12299;</a>. Human Rights Watch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+%3A+fast+track+land+reform+in+Zimbabwe.&amp;rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.aulast=%28Organization%29&amp;rft.aufirst=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F49338997&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Polgreen, Lydia (2012년 7월 21일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/21/world/africa/in-zimbabwe-land-takeover-a-golden-lining.html">&#8220;In Zimbabwe Land Takeover, a Golden Lining (Published 2012)&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The New York Times&#12299; (미국 영어). <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=In+Zimbabwe+Land+Takeover%2C+a+Golden+Lining+%28Published+2012%29&amp;rft.date=2012-07-21&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Polgreen&amp;rft.aufirst=Lydia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F21%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fin-zimbabwe-land-takeover-a-golden-lining.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9977-20180021">&#8220;Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the alignment of certain countries concerning restrictive measures against Zimbabwe&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Declaration+by+the+High+Representative+on+behalf+of+the+EU+on+the+alignment+of+certain+countries+concerning+restrictive+measures+against+Zimbabwe&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F2210-7975_hrd-9977-20180021&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092845/http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/media/2003_alerts/1208.htm">&#8220;Media alert: Zimbabwe Suspended Indefinitely from Commonwealth&#8221;</a>. 2007년 9월 29일. 2007년 9월 29일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/media/2003_alerts/1208.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Media+alert%3A+Zimbabwe+Suspended+Indefinitely+from+Commonwealth&amp;rft.date=2007-09-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrightsfirst.org%2Fmedia%2F2003_alerts%2F1208.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705162909/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/press/31555/34582/35505/zimbabwes_withdrawal_from_the_commonwealth.htm">&#8220;Commonwealth Secretariat - Zimbabwe's withdrawal from the Commonwealth&#8221;</a>. 2008년 7월 5일. 2008년 7월 5일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/press/31555/34582/35505/zimbabwes_withdrawal_from_the_commonwealth.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Commonwealth+Secretariat+-+Zimbabwe%27s+withdrawal+from+the+Commonwealth&amp;rft.date=2008-07-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecommonwealth.org%2Fpress%2F31555%2F34582%2F35505%2Fzimbabwes_withdrawal_from_the_commonwealth.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/107/s494/text">&#8220;Text of S. 494 (107th): Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 (Passed Congress version)&#8221;</a> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Text+of+S.+494+%28107th%29%3A+Zimbabwe+Democracy+and+Economic+Recovery+Act+of+2001+%28Passed+Congress+version%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fbills%2F107%2Fs494%2Ftext&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/searching-for-fuel-and-other-tales-from-zimbabwe/">&#8220;Searching for fuel and other tales from Zimbabwe&#8221;</a> (영국 영어). 2003년 10월 1일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Searching+for+fuel+and+other+tales+from+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.date=2003-10-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionetherlandsarchives.org%2Fsearching-for-fuel-and-other-tales-from-zimbabwe%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4188702.stm">&#8220;Zimbabwe destruction: One man's story&#8221;</a> (영국 영어). 2005년 8월 30일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe+destruction%3A+One+man%27s+story&amp;rft.date=2005-08-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F4188702.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/driving-out-the-filth-in-zimbabwe/">&#8220;Driving out the filth in Zimbabwe&#8221;</a> (영국 영어). 2007년 1월 31일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Driving+out+the+filth+in+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.date=2007-01-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionetherlandsarchives.org%2Fdriving-out-the-filth-in-zimbabwe%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010190256/http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGAFR460152006">&#8220;Zimbabwe: Housing policy built on foundation of failures and lies - news.amnesty - Amnesty International&#8221;</a>. 2006년 10월 10일. 2006년 10월 10일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGAFR460152006">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%3A+Housing+policy+built+on+foundation+of+failures+and+lies+-+news.amnesty+-+Amnesty+International&amp;rft.date=2006-10-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.amnesty.org%2Findex%2FENGAFR460152006&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/11/unitednations.zimbabwe">&#8220;China and Russia veto Zimbabwe sanctions&#8221;</a> (영어). 2008년 7월 11일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=China+and+Russia+veto+Zimbabwe+sanctions&amp;rft.date=2008-07-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fjul%2F11%2Funitednations.zimbabwe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Worsnip, Patrick (2008년 7월 12일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-crisis-un-idUSN0917887320080712">&#8220;Russia and China veto U.N. Zimbabwe sanctions&#8221;</a>. &#12298;Reuters&#12299; (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Russia+and+China+veto+U.N.+Zimbabwe+sanctions&amp;rft.date=2008-07-12&amp;rft.aulast=Worsnip&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-zimbabwe-crisis-un-idUSN0917887320080712&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">유세진 (2008년 12월 3일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150421171452/http://www.newsis.com/article/view.htm?cID=&amp;ar_id=NISX20081203_0000801252">&#8220;짐바브웨, 콜레라 사망자 500명 달해…軍마저 약탈 가담&#8221;</a>. 뉴시스. 2015년 4월 21일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsis.com/article/view.htm?cID=&amp;ar_id=NISX20081203_0000801252">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 9월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%2C+%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC+%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9E%90+500%EB%AA%85+%EB%8B%AC%ED%95%B4%E2%80%A6%E8%BB%8D%EB%A7%88%EC%A0%80+%EC%95%BD%ED%83%88+%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%B4&amp;rft.date=2008-12-03&amp;rft.au=%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B8%EC%A7%84&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsis.com%2Farticle%2Fview.htm%3FcID%3D%26ar_id%3DNISX20081203_0000801252&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">박지희 (2008년 12월 4일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=200812041750355&amp;code=970209">&#8220;짐바브웨 ‘콜레라 재앙’ …국가 비상사태 선포&#8221;</a>. 경향닷컴<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 2월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8+%E2%80%98%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC+%EC%9E%AC%EC%95%99%E2%80%99+%E2%80%A6%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80+%EB%B9%84%EC%83%81%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C+%EC%84%A0%ED%8F%AC&amp;rft.date=2008-12-04&amp;rft.au=%EB%B0%95%EC%A7%80%ED%9D%AC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.khan.co.kr%2Fkh_news%2Fkhan_art_view.html%3Fartid%3D200812041750355%26code%3D970209&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">윤지로 (2008년 12월 5일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.segye.com/Articles/NEWS/INTERNATIONAL/Article.asp?aid=20081205003167&amp;subctg1=&amp;subctg2=">&#8220;남아프리카 덮친 ‘콜레라 공포’ 짐바브웨 570명 사망&#8221;</a>. 세계일보<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 9월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4+%EB%8D%AE%EC%B9%9C+%E2%80%98%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC+%EA%B3%B5%ED%8F%AC%E2%80%99+%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8+570%EB%AA%85+%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D&amp;rft.date=2008-12-05&amp;rft.au=%EC%9C%A4%EC%A7%80%EB%A1%9C&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.segye.com%2FArticles%2FNEWS%2FINTERNATIONAL%2FArticle.asp%3Faid%3D20081205003167%26subctg1%3D%26subctg2%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">인터넷 뉴스팀 (2009년 2월 24일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiatoday.co.kr/news/view.asp?seq=213739">&#8220;짐바브웨 콜레라 사망자 4천명 육박&#8221;</a>. 아시아 투데이<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 3월 1일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8+%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC+%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9E%90+4%EC%B2%9C%EB%AA%85+%EC%9C%A1%EB%B0%95&amp;rft.date=2009-02-24&amp;rft.au=%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7+%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%80&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiatoday.co.kr%2Fnews%2Fview.asp%3Fseq%3D213739&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2008Nov24/0,4675,AFZimbabwe,00.html">&#8220;FOXNews.com - Carter warns situation appears dire in Zimbabwe - International News, News of the World , Middle East News, Europe News&#8221;</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FOXNews.com+-+Carter+warns+situation+appears+dire+in+Zimbabwe+-+International+News%2C+News+of+the+World+%2C+Middle+East+News%2C+Europe+News&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fprinter_friendly_wires%2F2008Nov24%2F0%2C4675%2CAFZimbabwe%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ndlovu, Nompilo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224001712/https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/8951">&#8220;A case study of Non-Governmental Organisations' (NGOS) responses to food insecurity in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe&#8221;</a>. 2019년 2월 24일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/8951">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 20일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=A+case+study+of+Non-Governmental+Organisations%27+%28NGOS%29+responses+to+food+insecurity+in+Matabeleland%2C+Zimbabwe&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Ndlovu&amp;rft.aufirst=Nompilo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.uct.ac.za%2Fhandle%2F11427%2F8951&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2010/12/18/Mugabe-wants-sanctions-removed/84591292686762/">&#8220;Mugabe wants sanctions removed&#8221;</a> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mugabe+wants+sanctions+removed&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2010%2F12%2F18%2FMugabe-wants-sanctions-removed%2F84591292686762%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121212043124/http://www.kubatana.net/docs/demgg/fh_changing_perceptions_political%20_110304.pdf">&#8220;Wayback Machine&#8221;</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2012년 12월 12일. 2012년 12월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubatana.net/docs/demgg/fh_changing_perceptions_political%20_110304.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wayback+Machine&amp;rft.date=2012-12-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kubatana.net%2Fdocs%2Fdemgg%2Ffh_changing_perceptions_political%2520_110304.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130200054/http://www.unocha.org/ocha2012-13/zimbabwe">&#8220;OCHA&#8221;</a>. 2012년 1월 30일. 2012년 1월 30일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unocha.org/ocha2012-13/zimbabwe">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=OCHA&amp;rft.date=2012-01-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unocha.org%2Focha2012-13%2Fzimbabwe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927163223/http://www.undp.org.zw/component/docman/doc_download/230-zimbabwe-poverty-report-2011-april-17-2013">&#8220;Wayback Machine&#8221;</a>. 2013년 9월 27일. 2013년 9월 27일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org.zw/component/docman/doc_download/230-zimbabwe-poverty-report-2011-april-17-2013">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wayback+Machine&amp;rft.date=2013-09-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org.zw%2Fcomponent%2Fdocman%2Fdoc_download%2F230-zimbabwe-poverty-report-2011-april-17-2013&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_93-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_93-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_93-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2016/07/09/bailing-out-bandits">&#8220;Bailing out bandits&#8221;</a>. &#12298;The Economist&#12299;. 2016년 7월 9일. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economist&amp;rft.atitle=Bailing+out+bandits&amp;rft.date=2016-07-09&amp;rft.issn=0013-0613&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2016%2F07%2F09%2Fbailing-out-bandits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:15_94-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:15_94-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher, Martin (7 February 2017). "Out of House and Home". <i>The Telegraph</i> (Telegraph Magazine ed.). p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23591941">&#8220;Zimbabwe election: A guide to rigging allegations&#8221;</a>. &#12298;BBC News&#12299; (영국 영어). 2013년 8월 7일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe+election%3A+A+guide+to+rigging+allegations&amp;rft.date=2013-08-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-23591941&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanarguments.org/2015/04/as-the-house-burns-whither-the-zimbabwean-opposition-by-nicole-beardsworth/">&#8220;As the House Burns, Whither the Zimbabwean Opposition? – By Nicole Beardsworth&#8221;</a> (영국 영어). 2015년 4월 23일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=As+the+House+Burns%2C+Whither+the+Zimbabwean+Opposition%3F+%E2%80%93+By+Nicole+Beardsworth&amp;rft.date=2015-04-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricanarguments.org%2F2015%2F04%2Fas-the-house-burns-whither-the-zimbabwean-opposition-by-nicole-beardsworth%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">ISSAfrica.org (2017년 9월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issafrica.org/iss-today/zimbabwes-shady-police-roadblocks-reflect-its-failing-governance">&#8220;Zimbabwe’s shady police roadblocks reflect its failing governance&#8221;</a> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%E2%80%99s+shady+police+roadblocks+reflect+its+failing+governance&amp;rft.date=2017-09-20&amp;rft.au=ISSAfrica.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissafrica.org%2Fiss-today%2Fzimbabwes-shady-police-roadblocks-reflect-its-failing-governance&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36724874">&#8220;Zimbabwe 'shut down' over economic collapse&#8221;</a>. &#12298;BBC News&#12299; (영국 영어). 2016년 7월 6일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 19일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Zimbabwe+%27shut+down%27+over+economic+collapse&amp;rft.date=2016-07-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-36724874&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Graham, Jan Raath, Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mugabe-at-war-with-militias-that-keep-him-in-power-kbldr7v8l">&#8220;Mugabe at war with militias that keep him in power&#8221;</a> (영어). <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 19일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Mugabe+at+war+with+militias+that+keep+him+in+power&amp;rft.issn=0140-0460&amp;rft.aulast=Graham&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan+Raath%2C+Stuart&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmugabe-at-war-with-militias-that-keep-him-in-power-kbldr7v8l&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201005250/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/columns-40850-The+costs+of+the+Robert+Mugabe+era/columns.aspx">&#8220;The costs of the Robert Mugabe era&#8221;</a>. 2018년 2월 1일. 2018년 2월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newzimbabwe.com/columns-40850-The+costs+of+the+Robert+Mugabe+era/columns.aspx">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 20일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+costs+of+the+Robert+Mugabe+era&amp;rft.date=2018-02-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newzimbabwe.com%2Fcolumns-40850-The%2Bcosts%2Bof%2Bthe%2BRobert%2BMugabe%2Bera%2Fcolumns.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CNN, By Mark Chingono and Bukola Adebayo (2019년 8월 7일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/07/africa/zimbabwe-millions-starvation-intl/index.html">&#8220;Millions in Zimbabwe facing starvation after severe droughts, UN food agency says&#8221;</a> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 2월 20일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Millions+in+Zimbabwe+facing+starvation+after+severe+droughts%2C+UN+food+agency+says&amp;rft.date=2019-08-07&amp;rft.aulast=CNN&amp;rft.aufirst=By+Mark+Chingono+and+Bukola+Adebayo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F08%2F07%2Fafrica%2Fzimbabwe-millions-starvation-intl%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">임성수 (2008년 7월 17일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108135135/http://news.kukinews.com/article/view.asp?page=1&amp;gCode=kmi&amp;arcid=0920974370&amp;cp=du">&#8220;짐바브웨,빵 하나 값이 교사 월급 3분의 1&#8221;</a>. 국민일보. 2011년 11월 8일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.kukinews.com/article/view.asp?page=1&amp;gCode=kmi&amp;arcid=0920974370&amp;cp=du">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 9월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%EF%BC%8C%EB%B9%B5+%ED%95%98%EB%82%98+%EA%B0%92%EC%9D%B4+%EA%B5%90%EC%82%AC+%EC%9B%94%EA%B8%89+3%EB%B6%84%EC%9D%98+1&amp;rft.date=2008-07-17&amp;rft.au=%EC%9E%84%EC%84%B1%EC%88%98&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.kukinews.com%2Farticle%2Fview.asp%3Fpage%3D1%26gCode%3Dkmi%26arcid%3D0920974370%26cp%3Ddu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.kbs.co.kr/news.php?kind=c&amp;id=1852246">&#8220;초인플레이션 짐바브웨, 돈 없애고 안정&#8221;</a>. KBS. 2009년 9월 24일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 9월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%B8%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98+%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8%2C+%EB%8F%88+%EC%97%86%EC%95%A0%EA%B3%A0+%EC%95%88%EC%A0%95&amp;rft.date=2009-09-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.kbs.co.kr%2Fnews.php%3Fkind%3Dc%26id%3D1852246&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">&#91;<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B9%A8%EC%A7%84_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="위키백과:깨진 링크">깨진 링크</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://news.kbs.co.kr/news.php?kind=c&amp;id=1852246">과거 내용 찾기</a>)&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biz.heraldm.com/common/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20100707001077">헤럴드경제-뉴스</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/421/0001466901?sid=104">'초인플레' 짐바브웨 결국 통화 폐기…3경5000조=1 달러 교환</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《세계기도정보》/패트릭 존스턴 저/죠이 선교회 옮김/죠이선교회</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88%EB%B9%84%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0" title="기니비사우">기니비사우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="나미비아">나미비아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="나이지리아">나이지리아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8" title="남수단">남수단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="남아프리카 공화국">남아프리카 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4" title="니제르">니제르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="라이베리아">라이베리아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%86%8C%ED%86%A0" title="레소토">레소토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%99%84%EB%8B%A4" title="르완다">르완다</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="리비아">리비아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="마다가스카르">마다가스카르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9C%84" title="말라위">말라위</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC" title="말리">말리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94" title="모로코">모로코</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%85%94%EC%8A%A4" title="모리셔스">모리셔스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88" title="모리타니">모리타니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="모잠비크">모잠비크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%83%89" title="베냉">베냉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98" title="보츠와나">보츠와나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%A3%AC%EB%94%94" title="부룬디">부룬디</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EB%82%98%ED%8C%8C%EC%86%8C" title="부르키나파소">부르키나파소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="사하라 아랍 민주 공화국">사하라 아랍 민주 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%88%AC%EB%A9%94_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%B0%EC%8B%9C%ED%8E%98" title="상투메 프린시페">상투메 프린시페</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%84%A4%EA%B0%88" title="세네갈">세네갈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%B8" title="세이셸">세이셸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="소말리아">소말리아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8" title="수단">수단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%90%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A8" title="시에라리온">시에라리온</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC" title="알제리">알제리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%99%EA%B3%A8%EB%9D%BC" title="앙골라">앙골라</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84" title="에리트레아">에리트레아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8B%88" title="에스와티니">에스와티니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84" title="에티오피아">에티오피아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B0%84%EB%8B%A4" title="우간다">우간다</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="이집트">이집트</a><sup id="cite_ref-n1_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>* 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="잠비아">잠비아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EB%8F%84_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88" title="적도 기니">적도 기니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중앙아프리카 공화국">중앙아프리카 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%B6%80%ED%8B%B0" title="지부티">지부티</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">짐바브웨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%93%9C" title="차드">차드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%A3%AC" title="카메룬">카메룬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%B3%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B0" title="카보베르데">카보베르데</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%83%90" title="케냐">케냐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C" title="코모로">코모로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%94%94%EB%B6%80%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4" title="코트디부아르">코트디부아르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%A9%EA%B3%A0_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="콩고 공화국">콩고 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%A9%EA%B3%A0_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="콩고 민주 공화국">콩고 민주 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%9E%90%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="탄자니아">탄자니아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EA%B3%A0" title="토고">토고</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A7%80" title="튀니지">튀니지</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/180px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/240px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size: 9pt; background: #F4EDAB;">속령</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size: 9pt; text-align: left;;background: #F7F2C3;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9C%84%EB%8B%88%EC%98%B9" title="레위니옹">레위니옹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="마데이라 제도">마데이라 제도</a><sup id="cite_ref-n2_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>* 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%94%ED%8A%B8" title="마요트">마요트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC" title="멜리야">멜리야</a><sup id="cite_ref-n2_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>* 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%B0%ED%83%80" title="세우타">세우타</a><sup id="cite_ref-n2_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>* 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%ED%97%AC%EB%A0%88%EB%82%98_%EC%96%B4%EC%84%BC%EC%85%98_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EB%8B%A4%EC%BF%A0%EB%83%90" title="세인트헬레나 어센션 트리스탄다쿠냐">세인트헬레나 어센션 트리스탄다쿠냐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%86%8C%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="아소르스 제도">아소르스 제도</a><sup id="cite_ref-n2_108-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>* 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%82%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="카나리아 제도">카나리아 제도</a><sup id="cite_ref-n2_108-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>* 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size: 9pt; background: #F4EDAB;">미승인 국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size: 9pt; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="소말릴란드">소말릴란드</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size: 9pt; text-align: left;;background: #F7F2C3;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="padding-left: 7em; font-size: 9pt;"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-n1-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-n1_107-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">일부 영토가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="아시아">아시아</a>에도 속한다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n2-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-n2_108-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-n2_108-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-n2_108-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-n2_108-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-n2_108-4">마</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="나라 목록">나라 목록</a> 245개 국가에 포함되지 않는 나라이다.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="아프리카_연합의_회원국" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#006239; color:#fff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38585741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9B%90%EA%B5%AD" title="틀:아프리카 연합 회원국"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";background-color:#006239; color:#fff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9B%90%EA%B5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:아프리카 연합 회원국 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";background-color:#006239; color:#fff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9B%90%EA%B5%AD" title="특수:문서편집/틀:아프리카 연합 회원국"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";background-color:#006239; color:#fff;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="아프리카_연합의_회원국" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="아프리카 연합"><span style="color:white;">아프리카 연합의 회원국</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC" title="알제리">알제리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%99%EA%B3%A8%EB%9D%BC" title="앙골라">앙골라</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%83%89" title="베냉">베냉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98" title="보츠와나">보츠와나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EB%82%98%ED%8C%8C%EC%86%8C" title="부르키나파소">부르키나파소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%A3%AC%EB%94%94" title="부룬디">부룬디</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%A3%AC" title="카메룬">카메룬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%B3%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B0" title="카보베르데">카보베르데</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중앙아프리카 공화국">중앙아프리카 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%93%9C" title="차드">차드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C" title="코모로">코모로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%A9%EA%B3%A0_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="콩고 공화국">콩고 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%94%94%EB%B6%80%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4" title="코트디부아르">코트디부아르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%A9%EA%B3%A0_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="콩고 민주 공화국">콩고 민주 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%B6%80%ED%8B%B0" title="지부티">지부티</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="이집트">이집트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EB%8F%84_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88" title="적도 기니">적도 기니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84" title="에리트레아">에리트레아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8B%88" title="에스와티니">에스와티니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84" title="에티오피아">에티오피아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%B4%89" title="가봉">가봉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="감비아">감비아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%82%98" title="가나">가나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88" title="기니">기니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88%EB%B9%84%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0" title="기니비사우">기니비사우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%83%90" title="케냐">케냐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%86%8C%ED%86%A0" title="레소토">레소토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="라이베리아">라이베리아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="리비아">리비아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="마다가스카르">마다가스카르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9C%84" title="말라위">말라위</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC" title="말리">말리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88" title="모리타니">모리타니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%85%94%EC%8A%A4" title="모리셔스">모리셔스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94" title="모로코">모로코</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="모잠비크">모잠비크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="나미비아">나미비아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4" title="니제르">니제르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="나이지리아">나이지리아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%99%84%EB%8B%A4" title="르완다">르완다</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="사하라 아랍 민주 공화국">사하라 아랍 민주 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%88%AC%EB%A9%94_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%B0%EC%8B%9C%ED%8E%98" title="상투메 프린시페">상투메 프린시페</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%84%A4%EA%B0%88" title="세네갈">세네갈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%B8" title="세이셸">세이셸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%90%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A8" title="시에라리온">시에라리온</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="소말리아">소말리아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="남아프리카 공화국">남아프리카 공화국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8" title="남수단">남수단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8" title="수단">수단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%9E%90%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="탄자니아">탄자니아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EA%B3%A0" title="토고">토고</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A7%80" title="튀니지">튀니지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B0%84%EB%8B%A4" title="우간다">우간다</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="잠비아">잠비아</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">짐바브웨</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209419/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122856828">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128940544">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJth4YHpQrQxydQ3CyvPwC">월드캣</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX451683">스페인</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933830b">프랑스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933830b">BnF 데이터</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4049850-5">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007306501905171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80089993">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569590">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Zimbabwe"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge131444&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record5459">그리스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&amp;NU=1&amp;IM=4&amp;WI=9810612214905606">폴란드</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">지리</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/691e8ad6-2cc8-3678-8495-1ac96bbede55">뮤직브레인즈 지역</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">아티스트</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/380d0e20-1961-4333-920f-2d4d37cbadfa">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">인물</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/6pw0WwQE">영국 의회</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=16170">현대 우크라이나 백과사전</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003476">스위스 역사 사전</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035795">국립문서기록관리청</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029018455">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> 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data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>252개 언어</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>새 주제</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> 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