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class="ds-work-card--work-title">Microbiology of acute otitis media and therapeutic consequences</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32529483" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GunnarKahlmeter"><img alt="Profile image of Gunnar Kahlmeter" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Gunnar Kahlmeter</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1995, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":45768268,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/25450483/Microbiology_of_acute_otitis_media_and_therapeutic_consequences"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary 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data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="62925795" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62925795/Acute_otitis_media_in_children_of_Ismailia_city_a_bacteriological_study_">Acute otitis media in children of Ismailia city ( a bacteriological study)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56444662" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmiraGamal11">Amira Gamal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Acute otitis media in children of Ismailia city ( a bacteriological study)","attachmentId":75531947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62925795/Acute_otitis_media_in_children_of_Ismailia_city_a_bacteriological_study_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62925795/Acute_otitis_media_in_children_of_Ismailia_city_a_bacteriological_study_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="36294283" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36294283/Clinical_application_of_a_bacteriology_study_on_Otitis_media">Clinical application of a bacteriology study on Otitis media</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50722128" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdulhamidTahirHamid">Abdulhamid T Hamid</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Otitis media (OM) is a notorious inflammation of middle ear that mainly affects tympanic membrane and a major health problem in developing countries causing serious local damage and threatening complications. The focus was mainly on aerobic bacteria, involved in active OM in adults as well as children. An attempt was made, despite resource and man power constraints, to have a glimpse of the current antibiotic sensitivity pattern Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity ensures prompt clinical recovery and possible complications can thus be avoided.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Clinical application of a bacteriology study on Otitis media","attachmentId":56200720,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36294283/Clinical_application_of_a_bacteriology_study_on_Otitis_media","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36294283/Clinical_application_of_a_bacteriology_study_on_Otitis_media"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="12600738" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12600738/Nasopharyngeal_pathogens_in_children_with_acute_otitis_media_in_a_low_antibiotic_use_country">Nasopharyngeal pathogens in children with acute otitis media in a low-antibiotic use country</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31544193" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelleKonradsen">Helle Konradsen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common diseases of childhood. Knowledge, of which bacteria are the most common pathogens in AOM and their susceptibilities towards antibiotics, is essential for the reasonable empiric treatment. With rapidly increasing frequencies of antibiotic resistance surveillance of the common etiologic pathogens has become pertinent. The purpose of this paper is to present the bacteriological findings and antibiotic susceptibilities, in cultures from nasopharyngeal swabs, in Danish children with AOM. Children aged up to 10 years who had AOM diagnosed in general practice in Denmark were swabbed in nasopharynx, cultures were incubated and susceptibility testing was performed as tablet diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test. We included 331 patients, in 257 bacteria were found, which could be classified as commonly ear pathogenic. The most frequent bacteria found was Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Haemophi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nasopharyngeal pathogens in children with acute otitis media in a low-antibiotic use country","attachmentId":46057277,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12600738/Nasopharyngeal_pathogens_in_children_with_acute_otitis_media_in_a_low_antibiotic_use_country","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12600738/Nasopharyngeal_pathogens_in_children_with_acute_otitis_media_in_a_low_antibiotic_use_country"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="17519657" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17519657/Identification_and_characterization_of_the_bacterial_etiology_of_clinically_problematic_acute_otitis_media_after_tympanocentesis_or_spontaneous_otorrhea_in_German_children">Identification and characterization of the bacterial etiology of clinically problematic acute otitis media after tympanocentesis or spontaneous otorrhea in German children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37287925" href="https://gsk.academia.edu/CinziaMarano">Cinzia Marano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC infectious diseases, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is an important and common disease of childhood. Bacteria isolated from cases of clinically problematic AOM in German children were identified and characterized. In a prospective non-interventional study in German children between 3 months and less than 60 months of age with Ear, Nose and Throat Specialist -confirmed AOM, middle ear fluid was obtained by tympanocentesis (when clinically indicated) or by careful sampling of otorrhea through/at an existing perforation. In 100 children with severe AOM, Haemophilus influenzae was identified in 21% (18/21, 85.7% were non-typeable [NTHi]), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 10%, S. pyogenes in 13% and Moraxella catarrhalis in 1%. H. influenzae was the most frequently identified pathogen in children from 12 months of age. H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were equally prevalent in children aged 3-11 months, but S. pyogenes was most frequently isolated in this age group. NTHi AOM disease appeared prevalent in all ages. NTHi,...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identification and characterization of the bacterial etiology of clinically problematic acute otitis media after tympanocentesis or spontaneous otorrhea in German children","attachmentId":42252026,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17519657/Identification_and_characterization_of_the_bacterial_etiology_of_clinically_problematic_acute_otitis_media_after_tympanocentesis_or_spontaneous_otorrhea_in_German_children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17519657/Identification_and_characterization_of_the_bacterial_etiology_of_clinically_problematic_acute_otitis_media_after_tympanocentesis_or_spontaneous_otorrhea_in_German_children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="67578071" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67578071/Identification_of_Alloiococcus_otitidis_Streptococcus_pneumoniae_Moraxella_catarrhalis_and_Haemophilus_influenzae_in_Children_With_Otitis_Media_With_Effusion">Identification of Alloiococcus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19858732" href="https://independent.academia.edu/hamedgoodarzi">hamed goodarzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identification of Alloiococcus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion","attachmentId":78343484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67578071/Identification_of_Alloiococcus_otitidis_Streptococcus_pneumoniae_Moraxella_catarrhalis_and_Haemophilus_influenzae_in_Children_With_Otitis_Media_With_Effusion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67578071/Identification_of_Alloiococcus_otitidis_Streptococcus_pneumoniae_Moraxella_catarrhalis_and_Haemophilus_influenzae_in_Children_With_Otitis_Media_With_Effusion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="16764995" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16764995/The_Dynamics_of_Bacteria_in_the_Middle_Ear_During_the_Course_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_With_Tympanostomy_Tube_Otorrhea">The Dynamics of Bacteria in the Middle Ear During the Course of Acute Otitis Media With Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36192065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TerhoHeikkinen">Terho Heikkinen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Dynamics of Bacteria in the Middle Ear During the Course of Acute Otitis Media With Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea","attachmentId":39170871,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16764995/The_Dynamics_of_Bacteria_in_the_Middle_Ear_During_the_Course_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_With_Tympanostomy_Tube_Otorrhea","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16764995/The_Dynamics_of_Bacteria_in_the_Middle_Ear_During_the_Course_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_With_Tympanostomy_Tube_Otorrhea"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="35851467" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35851467/Etiology_and_Antibiotic_Sensitivity_for_Otitis_Media_in_a_Central_Pediatric_Teaching_Hospital_Etiology_and_Antibiotic_Sensitivity_for_Otitis_Media_in_a_Central_Pediatric_Teaching_Hospital">Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Otitis Media in a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Otitis Media in a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75926428" href="https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/HudaSAlRawazq">Huda S Al-Rawazq</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Iraqi Medical Association, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Otitis Media is inflammation of the middle ear. This is most communally caused by buildup of fluid behind the ear drum, as a result of blockage to the Eustachian tube. It can cause mild to moderate hearing loss, due to the fluid interfering with the transmission of sound through to the inner ear, and constitutes the most common respiratory tract infection of infancy and early childhood. Objective: To study the etiological agents and antibiotics sensitivity of Otitis Media in children admitted to a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital. Methods: This study included 60 patients having signs and symptoms of otitis media who were admitted to a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city. Samples were obtained during the period from the 1st of December 2012 till the 30th of March 2013. Middle ear fluid samples for all children were collected by an ENT specialist either by tympanocentesis procedures or otorrhea swabs. Isolation and Identification of causative microorganism by colonial morphology, Gram stains. Biochemical tests for Gram positive bacteria: Catalase, coagulase test. Tests used for Gram negative bacteria: Indol, methyl red, Vogas-Proskauer, citrate utilization (IMVIC Test), oxidase, urease, motility test and susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. Results: Twenty-eight (100%) patients gave positive culture, and 32 (100%) patients gave negative culture. The majority of microorganisms isolated from cultures positive patients were Staphylococcus aureus 8 (28.8%) followed by Pseudomonas spp 7 (25.0%), Proteus spp 3 (10.7%), Klebsiella spp 3 (10.7%), Escherichia coli 2 (7.1%), Haemophilus influenza 2 (7.1%), Streptococcus pneumonia 2 (7.1%), Enterobacter 1 (3.5%). Conclusions: More than 50% of otitis media in children caused by the Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial isolate such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp among age 1 day - 4 years of age, in female more than male, more in urban area, The antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin- Clavulanic acid, Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone) are the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus and (Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ceftazidine) are most effective against Pseudomonas spp. Keywords: Otitis media, Etiology, Antibiotic sensitivity, Children.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Otitis Media in a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Otitis Media in a Central Pediatric Teaching 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