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class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-lv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Brīvā enciklopēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-lv.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Meklēt</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" aria-label="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Meklēt</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=%C4%80da" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=%C4%80da" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=%C4%80da" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=%C4%80da" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ādas_funkcijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ādas_funkcijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ādas funkcijas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ādas_funkcijas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Ādas funkcijas apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ādas_funkcijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ādas_imūnfunkcijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ādas_imūnfunkcijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ādas imūnfunkcijas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ādas_imūnfunkcijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzbūve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzbūve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uzbūve</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uzbūve-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Uzbūve apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uzbūve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epiderma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epiderma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Epiderma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epiderma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epidermas_slāņi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidermas_slāņi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Epidermas slāņi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidermas_slāņi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Derma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dermas_slāņi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dermas_slāņi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Dermas slāņi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dermas_slāņi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hipoderma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hipoderma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hipoderma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hipoderma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ādas_slimības" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ādas_slimības"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ādas slimības</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ādas_slimības-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Ādas slimības apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ādas_slimības-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kuņģa_-_zarnu_trakta_slimības" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuņģa_-_zarnu_trakta_slimības"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kuņģa - zarnu trakta slimības</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuņģa_-_zarnu_trakta_slimības-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aknu_patoloģija_un_āda." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aknu_patoloģija_un_āda."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Aknu patoloģija un āda.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aknu_patoloģija_un_āda.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hipovitaminoze_un_āda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hipovitaminoze_un_āda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hipovitaminoze un āda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hipovitaminoze_un_āda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endokrīnā_sistēma,_hormonālā_patoloģija_un_āda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endokrīnā_sistēma,_hormonālā_patoloģija_un_āda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Endokrīnā sistēma, hormonālā patoloģija un āda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endokrīnā_sistēma,_hormonālā_patoloģija_un_āda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Āda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 160 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-160" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">160 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel" title="Vel – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut" title="Haut – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Haut" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%86%E1%8B%B3" title="ቆዳ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቆዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piel" title="Piel – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akpalek" title="Akpalek – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Akpalek" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF" title="جلد – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جلد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܓܠܕܐ – aramiešu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܠܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="ছাল – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছাল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piel" title="Piel – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Piel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocaki" title="Ocaki – atikameku" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ocaki" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikameku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Хъал – avāru" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janchi_lip%27ichi" title="Janchi lip'ichi – aimaru" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Janchi lip'ichi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99ri" title="Dəri – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Тире – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тире" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C5%ABra" title="Skūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Skūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublit" title="Kublit – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kublit" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Kulit" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Скура – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Скура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Скура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Скура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kulit" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кожа – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кожа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulimbit" title="Kulimbit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kulimbit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="চামড়া – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চামড়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroc%27hen" title="Kroc'hen – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kroc'hen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koža" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Арһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell" title="Pell – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C3%B2i-h%C5%AD" title="Puòi-hŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Puòi-hŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="پێست – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AF%C5%BEe" title="Kůže – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kůže" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тир – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тир" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croen" title="Croen – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Croen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hud" title="Hud – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hud" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut" title="Haut – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%C4%B1k" title="Postık – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Postık" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ހަން – maldīviešu" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldīviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Δέρμα – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δέρμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin" title="Skin – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Skin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C5%ADto" title="Haŭto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Haŭto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piel" title="Piel – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahk" title="Nahk – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nahk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larruazal" title="Larruazal – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Larruazal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piel" title="Piel – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Piel" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="پوست – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iho" title="Iho – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iho" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahk" title="Nahk – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nahk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuli" title="Kuli – fidžiešu" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kuli" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BA%C3%B0" title="Húð – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Húð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peau" title="Peau – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BBd" title="Hûd – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hûd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craiceann" title="Craiceann – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Craiceann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapo" title="Lapo – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lapo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craiceann" title="Craiceann – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Craiceann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel" title="Pel – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pire" title="Pire – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pire" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fata" title="Fata – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Fata" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%AC-f%C3%BB" title="Phì-fû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phì-fû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8" title="עור – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="त्वचा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्वचा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamrra" title="Chamrra – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chamrra" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koža" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%91r_(anat%C3%B3mia)" title="Bőr (anatómia) – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bőr (anatómia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AF" title="Մաշկ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաշկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelle" title="Pelle – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pelle" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kulit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvi%C3%B1iq" title="Uviñiq – inupiaku" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uviñiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudil" title="Kudil – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kudil" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelo" title="Pelo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BA%C3%B0" title="Húð – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Húð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelle" title="Pelle – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pelle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皮膚" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კანი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglim" title="Aglim – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aglim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94n%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Tɔnʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔnʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwa_(vam)" title="Kwa (vam) – katabu" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kwa (vam)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="katabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawak" title="Bawak – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bawak" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Тері – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಚರ್ಮ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%B6%80" title="피부 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%8E%D9%85" title="ژَم – kašmiriešu" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ژَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneus" title="Kneus – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kneus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тери – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutis" title="Cutis – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cutis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut" title="Haut – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Haut" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D1%83" title="Бурчу – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Бурчу" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel" title="Pel – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pel" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoed" title="Hoed – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hoed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell" title="Pell – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pell" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomposo" title="Lomposo – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lomposo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda" title="Oda – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoditra" title="Hoditra – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hoditra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кожа – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кожа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="ചർമ്മം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചർമ്മം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Арьс – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Арьс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="त्वचा – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="त्वचा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kulit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အရေပြား – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရေပြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huut" title="Huut – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Huut" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="छाला – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="छाला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82" title="छेंगू – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="छेंगू" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huid" title="Huid – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hud" title="Hud – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hud" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hud" title="Hud – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hud" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9_(la)" title="Pé (la) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pé (la)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8u" title="Pèu – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਖੱਲ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balat" title="Balat – pampanganu" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Balat" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanganu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3ra" title="Skóra – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skóra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%84" title="کھل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پوستکی – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوستکی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pele" title="Pele – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pele" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara" title="Qara – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qara" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel" title="Pel – retoromāņu" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pel" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piele_(anatomie)" title="Piele (anatomie) – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piele (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheali" title="Cheali – aromūnu" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cheali" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromūnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кожа – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кожа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="चर्म – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चर्म" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Тирии – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тирии" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peddi" title="Peddi – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Peddi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin" title="Skin – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Skin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84" title="کل – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liiki" title="Liiki – ziemeļsāmu" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Liiki" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ziemeļsāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koža" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin" title="Skin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Skin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koža" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koža" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganda" title="Ganda – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ganda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqaar" title="Maqaar – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maqaar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABkura" title="Lëkura – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lëkura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кожа – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кожа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kulit" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hud" title="Hud – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozi" title="Ngozi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ngozi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/banges" title="banges – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="banges" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தோல் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="చర్మము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చర్మము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%AF%D1%81%D1%82" title="Пӯст – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пӯст" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ผิวหนัง – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผิวหนัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balat_(anatomiya)" title="Balat (anatomiya) – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balat (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deri" title="Deri – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Тире – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тире" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%95" title="تېرە – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تېرە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шкіра – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкіра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF" title="جلد – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جلد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teri" title="Teri – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Teri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pele" title="Pele – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pele" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahk" title="Nahk – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nahk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da" title="Da – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Da" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea" title="Pea – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panit" title="Panit – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panit" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4" title="皮肤 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皮肤" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮膚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho%C3%AA-hu" title="Phoê-hu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phoê-hu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE" title="皮 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="皮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" 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accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span class="hatnote noexcerpt">Šis raksts ir par dzīvnieku un cilvēku ķermeņa ārējo apvalku. Par materiālu skatīt rakstu <a href="/wiki/%C4%80da_(materi%C4%81ls)" title="Āda (materiāls)">āda (materiāls)</a>.</span></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Sa-rhino-skin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sa-rhino-skin.jpg/230px-Sa-rhino-skin.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sa-rhino-skin.jpg/345px-Sa-rhino-skin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sa-rhino-skin.jpg/460px-Sa-rhino-skin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Degunradzis" class="mw-redirect" title="Degunradzis">Degunradža</a> āda</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Āda</b> ir dzīvnieku un cilvēku ķermeņa ārējais apvalks. Āda sargā ķermeni no apkārtējās vides ietekmes un <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganismi" title="Mikroorganismi">mikroorganismiem</a>, ir maņu orgāns, piedalās <a href="/wiki/Vielmai%C5%86a" title="Vielmaiņa">vielmaiņā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Termoregul%C4%81cija" title="Termoregulācija">termoregulācijā</a>. </p><p>Augstāk attīstītākajiem <a href="/wiki/Mugurkaulnieki" title="Mugurkaulnieki">mugurkaulniekiem</a> ir 3 ādas slāņi; virsāda jeb epiderma — sastāv no <a href="/wiki/Epit%C4%93lijaudi" title="Epitēlijaudi">epitēlijaudiem</a>, radusies no <a href="/wiki/Ektoderma" title="Ektoderma">ektodermas</a>; pamatāda — sastāv no <a href="/wiki/Saistaudi" title="Saistaudi">saistaudiem</a>, radusies no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezoderma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezoderma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mezodermas</a>; zemāda — sastāv no <a href="/wiki/Taukaudi" title="Taukaudi">taukaudiem</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bezmugurkaulnieki" title="Bezmugurkaulnieki">Bezmugurkaulniekiem</a> ir 1 ādas slānis, tā ir epiderma. </p><p>Aukstasiņu mugurkaulniekiem ir 2 ādas slāņi; siltasiņu mugurkaulniekiem ir arī mezoderma. No epidermas veidojas ādas dziedzeri, rāpuļu ragvielas zvīņas un vairogi, putnu spalvas, zīdītāju mati, <a href="/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi">ragi</a> un <a href="/wiki/Nags" title="Nags">nagi</a>. No ektodermas rodas zivju kaulu <a href="/wiki/Zv%C4%AB%C5%86as" title="Zvīņas">zvīņas</a> un pārkaulojumi rāpuļu ādā. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ādas_funkcijas"><span id=".C4.80das_funkcijas"></span>Ādas funkcijas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Ādas funkcijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ādas funkcijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aizsargfunkcija - pret fizikālajiem (piemēram, <a href="/wiki/UV_starojums" class="mw-redirect" title="UV starojums">UV starojumu</a>), ķīmiskajiem, bioloģiskajiem faktoriem (<a href="/wiki/Bakt%C4%93rijas" title="Baktērijas">baktērijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABruss" title="Vīruss">vīrusi</a>, sēnītes u.c.).</li> <li>Vielu sintēze - D vitamīna, keratīna, epidermas augšanas faktora sintēze.</li> <li>Imunoloģiska funkcija - IL-1 un T <a href="/wiki/Limfoc%C4%ABti" title="Limfocīti">limfocītu</a> nobriešanas faktora sintēze. Ādā atrodamas arī <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langerhansa_%C5%A1%C5%ABna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langerhansa šūna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Langerhansa šūnas</a>, kas pēc funkcijas un morfoloģijas ir līdzīgas <a href="/wiki/Monoc%C4%ABti" title="Monocīti">makrofāgiem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheaters_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheaters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ķermeņa temperatūras regulēšana.</li> <li>Vielmaiņas produktu izdalīšanas, piemēram, urīnviela ar <a href="/wiki/Sviedri" title="Sviedri">sviedriem</a>.</li> <li>Sensorā recepcija - taustes recepcija epidermā, dermā, dziļā spiediena recepcija, sāpju un temperatūras receptori, dermas mehanorecepcija.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ādas_imūnfunkcijas"><span id=".C4.80das_im.C5.ABnfunkcijas"></span>Ādas imūnfunkcijas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Ādas imūnfunkcijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ādas imūnfunkcijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Āda ir pirmā aizsargbarjera, kādā veidā cilvēks pasargājas no citiem ārējiem, bīstamiem faktoriem. Ādā esošā blīvā keratīna dēļ baktērijām un sēnītēm ir grūti izkļūt caur to. Epidermas šūnas nepārtraukti zvīņojas un atjaunojas no zemāk esošajiem slāņiem, tāpēc mikroorganismi, kas iekļuvuši starp ādas slāņiem, atdalās kopā ar mirušo ādu. </p><p>Ādā ir imūnās šūnas (Langerhansa šūnas, <a href="/wiki/Tukl%C4%81s_%C5%A1%C5%ABnas" title="Tuklās šūnas">tuklās šūnas</a> u.c.), kas cīnās ar mikroorganismiem, tos noārdot vai piesaistot vēl citas iekaisuma šūnas un veicinot to migrāciju uz ādu. No ārējo faktoru iedarbības pasargā arī dziedzeru sekrēti, piemēram, sviedros atrodams antibakteriāls <a href="/wiki/Pept%C4%ABdi" title="Peptīdi">peptīds</a> - dermcidīns.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11694882_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11694882-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daļai indivīdu, kuriem ādas barjera ir bojāta, tā var būt viegli pārvarams šķērslis alergēniem, kairinātājiem un ādas patogēniem un izraisīt vairākas dermatoloģiskas saslimšanas, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Atopiskais_dermat%C4%ABts" title="Atopiskais dermatīts">atopisko dermatītu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzbūve"><span id="Uzb.C5.ABve"></span>Uzbūve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Uzbūve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Uzbūve"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epiderma">Epiderma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Epiderma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Epiderma"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Epidermal_layers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Epidermal_layers.svg/217px-Epidermal_layers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="217" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Epidermal_layers.svg/326px-Epidermal_layers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Epidermal_layers.svg/434px-Epidermal_layers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Mikroskopisks ādas šķērsgriezums hematoksilīna-eozīna krāsojumā. </figcaption></figure> <p>Epiderma ir ādas ārējā kārta, kuru veido daudzkārtains plakans epitēlijs. Tās bazālā (pamata) virsma ir krokota. Šis krokojums palīdz saturēt kopā dermu un epidermu. Visa epidermas slāņa reģenerācija noris 30 dienās. Epidermas derivāti ir mati, nagi, tauku un sviedru dziedzeri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epidermas_slāņi"><span id="Epidermas_sl.C4.81.C5.86i"></span>Epidermas slāņi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Epidermas slāņi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Epidermas slāņi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Epidermai izšķir 5 slāņus (virzienā no dziļākajiem slāņiem uz virsējiem):<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>bazālais slānis (<i>stratum basale/germinativum</i>) - to veido viena cilindrisku šūnu – keratoblastu kārta. Bazālajā slānī atrodas arī melanocīti, kas ražo ādas pigmentu - <a href="/wiki/Melan%C4%ABni" title="Melanīni">melanīnu</a>, tādējādi pasargājot ādu no UV starojuma.</li> <li>dzeloņainais slānis (<i>stratum spinosum</i>) - to veido keratinocīti, kuri rodas, daloties keratoblastiem. Šīs jaunās šunas attīstās, pieaug un noveco un pāriet nākamajā slānī.</li> <li>graudainais slānis (<i>stratum granulosum</i>) - tajā atrodas keratinocīti, Langerhansa šūnas, keratohialīna graudiņi, kas nepieciešami mīkstā keratīna sintēzei. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerat%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Keratīns</a> ir ūdenī nešķīstoša, elastīga, cieta olbaltumviela, kas veido barjeru pret fizikālajiem, ķīmiskajiem un bioloģiskajiem faktoriem. Virzienā no ādas pamatnes uz virsmu pakāpeniski veidojas dažādi keratīna priekšteči, līdz raga slānī keratīnocīti piepildās ar keratīnu un aiziet bojā.</li> <li>spīdošais slānis (stratum lucidum) - to veido plakaniski keratinocīti, kas satur keratīna priekšteci - eleidīnu.</li> <li>raga slānis (<i>stratum corneum</i>) - veido pārragotas, bezkodolainas šūnas, kas pildītas ar keratīnu.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derma">Derma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Derma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Derma"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derma ir ādas vidējais slānis jeb ādas saistaudi, kurā atrodas saistaudu kūlīši, dažādas epidermas derivāti (mati, nagi, dziedzeri), asinsvadi un nervi. Dermas biezums ir 0,5-5 mm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dermas_slāņi"><span id="Dermas_sl.C4.81.C5.86i"></span>Dermas slāņi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Dermas slāņi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Dermas slāņi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Skin_layers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skin_layers.svg/452px-Skin_layers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="452" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skin_layers.svg/678px-Skin_layers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skin_layers.svg/904px-Skin_layers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption>Ādas uzbūve.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tai izšķir: </p> <ol><li>kārpiņu slāni (<i>stratum papillare</i>) - atrodas tieši zem epidermas. To veido irdenie nenoformēti <a href="/wiki/Saistaudi" title="Saistaudi">saistaud</a>i. Kārpiņu daudzums un lielums ir atšķirīgs dažādās ķermeņa vietā – sejas ādā vāji izteiktas, plaukstu un pēdu ādā ir stipri izteiktas kārpiņas.</li> <li>tīklainais slānis (<i>stratum reticulare</i>) - sastāv no blīviem nenoformētiem saistaudiem. Ir <a href="/wiki/Kolag%C4%93ns" title="Kolagēns">kolagēno</a> šķiedru kūlīšu un elastīgās šķiedras. Kolagēno šķiedru virziens iet paralēli ādas virsmai un slīpi. Tādējādi rodas tīkls, kas piemērojas konkrētā ādas rajona funkcionālai slodzei. Šeit izvietojas arī matu saknes, sviedru un tauku dziedzeri.</li></ol> <p>Dermas galvenās šūnas ir fibroblasti (sintezē kolagēnās un elastīgās šķiedras), makrofāgi (piedalās imunoloģiskajās reakcijās), tuklās šūnas (sintezē bioloģiski aktīvas vielas, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Hepar%C4%ABns" title="Heparīns">heparīnu</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Histam%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Histamīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">histamīnu</a>, kas piedalās <a href="/wiki/Iekaisums" title="Iekaisums">iekaisuma</a> procesā). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hipoderma">Hipoderma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Hipoderma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Hipoderma"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hipoderma nav daļa no ādas. Tas ir zemādas <a href="/wiki/Taukaudi" title="Taukaudi">tauku</a> slānis, kas atrodas starp dermu un saistaudiem. Galvenās šūnas ir <a href="/wiki/Fibroblasts" title="Fibroblasts">fibroblasti</a>, makrofāgi, <a href="/wiki/Tauk%C5%A1%C5%ABnas" title="Taukšūnas">tauku šūnas</a>. Tā piešķir ādai zināmu kustību un ir arī organisma tauku depo (50% organisma tauku atrodas zemādā). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ādas_slimības"><span id=".C4.80das_slim.C4.ABbas"></span>Ādas slimības</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļu: Ādas slimības" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ādas slimības"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemāk minētas dažas no raksturīgākājām izpausmes uz ādas dažādu slimību gadījumā </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuņģa_-_zarnu_trakta_slimības"><span id="Ku.C5.86.C4.A3a_-_zarnu_trakta_slim.C4.ABbas"></span>Kuņģa - zarnu trakta slimības</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļu: Kuņģa - zarnu trakta slimības" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Kuņģa - zarnu trakta slimības"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Slimība </td> <td>Izpausmes uz ādas un mutes dobuma gļotādas. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%ABts_pankreat%C4%ABts" title="Akūts pankreatīts">Akūts pankreatīts</a> </td> <td>Greja-Tērnera simptoms: norobežoti cianotiski plankumi uz vēdera sienas malām <p>Grotta simptoms : taukaudu slāņa nekroze virs aizkunģa dziedzera lokalizācijas vietas </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krona_slim%C4%ABba" title="Krona slimība">Krona slimība</a> </td> <td>Gangrenozā piodermija – alerģisks pustulozs čūlains dermatīts; mezglaina eritēma; plaukstu eritēma; </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8C%C5%ABlainais_kol%C4%ABts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čūlainais kolīts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Čūlainais kolīts</a> </td> <td>Mutes dobuma aftas </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Celiakija" title="Celiakija">Celiakija</a> </td> <td>Herpētiskais dermatīts, mezglaina eritēma, lokālas hiperpigmentācijas </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ļaundabīgie <a href="/wiki/Audz%C4%93js" title="Audzējs">audzēji</a>  </td> <td>Metastāzes ādā, herpētiskais dermatīts; mezglaina eritēma </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aknu_patoloģija_un_āda."><span id="Aknu_patolo.C4.A3ija_un_.C4.81da."></span>Aknu patoloģija un āda.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Labot sadaļu: Aknu patoloģija un āda." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=11" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Aknu patoloģija un āda."><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aknu_ciroze" title="Aknu ciroze">Aknu ciroze</a> </td> <td>Padusēs izzūd mati, sarkana, aveņu krāsas mēle, vēdera paplašinātas virspusējas vēnas pie portālas hipertensijas. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hronisks vīrusu <a href="/wiki/Hepat%C4%ABts" title="Hepatīts">hepatīts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nieze" title="Nieze">Nieze</a>, var būt psoriāze, mezglaina eritēma; <a href="/wiki/Vitiligo" title="Vitiligo">vitiligo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hipovitaminoze_un_āda"><span id="Hipovitaminoze_un_.C4.81da"></span>Hipovitaminoze un āda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Labot sadaļu: Hipovitaminoze un āda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=12" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Hipovitaminoze un āda"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalcijs" title="Kalcijs">Ca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfors" title="Fosfors">P</a> deficīts </td> <td>Hemorāģisks plankumi, pigmentācijas traucējumi </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B12_vitam%C4%ABns" title="B12 vitamīns">B12</a> vit. deficīts </td> <td>t.s. Vaska lelles seja, vitiligo, aveņu mēle </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_vitam%C4%ABns" title="A vitamīns">A</a> vit. deficīts </td> <td>sausa āda, kas pastiprināti zvīņojas, konjuktivīti. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B2_vitam%C4%ABns" title="B2 vitamīns">B2</a> vit. deficīts </td> <td>Gļotādas iekaisums, dziedzeru hipersekrēcija ; sāpes mutes kaktiņos un apakšējā lūpā, sausa mēle, dermatīts, konjuktivīts </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B6_vitam%C4%ABns" title="B6 vitamīns">B6</a> vit. deficīts </td> <td>Dermatīti, diatēzes, matu izkrišana </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endokrīnā_sistēma,_hormonālā_patoloģija_un_āda"><span id="Endokr.C4.ABn.C4.81_sist.C4.93ma.2C_hormon.C4.81l.C4.81_patolo.C4.A3ija_un_.C4.81da"></span>Endokrīnā sistēma, hormonālā patoloģija un āda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Labot sadaļu: Endokrīnā sistēma, hormonālā patoloģija un āda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=13" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Endokrīnā sistēma, hormonālā patoloģija un āda"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cukura_diab%C4%93ts" title="Cukura diabēts">Cukura diabēts</a> </td> <td>Trofiskās čūlas, acantosis nigricans </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%A1inga_sindroms" title="Kušinga sindroms">Kušinga slimība</a> </td> <td>Pusmēness seja, strijas, ādas trauslums, ekhimozes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adisona slimība </td> <td>Hiperpigmentoze, vitiligo, gļotādu pigmentācija </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akromeg%C4%81lija" title="Akromegālija">Akromegālija</a> </td> <td>Acantosis nigrans, hirsūtisms, prognastisms </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=14" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dermatozes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dermatozes (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dermatozes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=15" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wheaters-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheaters_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Barbara Young, John W. Heath. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wheatersfunction0000ed4youn"><i>Wheater's Functional Histology</i></a> (4th izd.). Churchill Livingstone, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wheatersfunction0000ed4youn/page/162">162</a>. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-443-05612-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-443-05612-9">0-443-05612-9</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11694882-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11694882_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Schittek B, Hipfel R, Sauer B, Bauer J, Kalbacher H, Stevanovic S, Schirle M, Schroeder K, Blin N, Meier F, Rassner G, Garbe C (Nov 2001). "Dermicidin: a novel human antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands". <i>Nat Immunol</i> 2 (12): 1133–7. <a href="/wiki/Digit%C4%81lais_objektu_identifikators" title="Digitālais objektu identifikators">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fni732">10.1038/ni732</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694882">11694882</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Ross, Wojciech Pawlina (2006). Histology a text and atlas (5. izd.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7817-6790-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7817-6790-3">ISBN 0-7817-6790-3</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit&section=16" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Skin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Skin">Āda</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/skin"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/peau/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/biologiya/kozha">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316233852/http://www.neslimo.lv/pme/?name=ada">Populārā medicīnas enciklopēdija</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(latviski)</span></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Gray188.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aizmetņa ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gray188.png/32px-Gray188.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gray188.png/49px-Gray188.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gray188.png/65px-Gray188.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="463" /></a></span></td><td><i>Šis ar <a href="/wiki/Anatomija" title="Anatomija">anatomiju</a> saistītais raksts ir <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aizmetnis" title="Vikipēdija:Aizmetnis">nepilnīgs</a>. Jūs varat <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Redi%C4%A3%C4%93%C5%A1ana,_noform%C4%93%C5%A1ana" title="Palīdzība:Rediģēšana, noformēšana">dot savu ieguldījumu</a> Vikipēdijā, <a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%80da&action=edit">papildinot to</a>.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Anatomija-aizmetnis" title="Veidne:Anatomija-aizmetnis"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Anatomija-aizmetnis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Anatomija-aizmetnis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Anatomija-aizmetnis&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Anatomija" title="Veidne:Anatomija"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;background-color:lightgrey;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Anatomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Anatomija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;background-color:lightgrey;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Anatomija&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;background-color:lightgrey;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomija" title="Anatomija">Anatomija</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightgrey;;"><a href="/wiki/Org%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Orgānu sistēma">Orgānu sistēmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asinsrites_org%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Asinsrites orgānu sistēma">Asinsrites orgānu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsta_un_kust%C4%ABbu_org%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Balsta un kustību orgānu sistēma">Balsta un kustību orgānu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpo%C5%A1anas_org%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Elpošanas orgānu sistēma">Elpošanas orgānu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endokr%C4%ABn%C4%81_sist%C4%93ma" title="Endokrīnā sistēma">Endokrīnā sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremo%C5%A1anas_org%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Gremošanas orgānu sistēma">Gremošanas orgānu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Im%C5%ABnsist%C4%93ma" title="Imūnsistēma">Imūnsistēma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limf%C4%81tisk%C4%81_sist%C4%93ma" title="Limfātiskā sistēma">Limfātiskā sistēma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izvadorg%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Izvadorgānu sistēma">Izvadorgānu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%86u_org%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Maņu orgānu sistēma">Maņu orgānu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Nervu sistēma">Nervu sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reprodukt%C4%ABv%C4%81_sist%C4%93ma" title="Reproduktīvā sistēma">Reproduktīvā sistēma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segaudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Segaudi">Segaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur%C4%ABnorg%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Urīnorgānu sistēma">Urīnorgānu sistēma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightgrey;;">Orgāni</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acs" title="Acs">Acs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aknas" title="Aknas">Aknas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auss" title="Auss">Auss</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Āda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsene" title="Balsene">Balsene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deguns" title="Deguns">Deguns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzimumorg%C4%81ni" title="Dzimumorgāni">Dzimumorgāni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%86%C4%A3is" title="Kuņģis">Kuņģis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liesa" title="Liesa">Liesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%93le" title="Mēle">Mēle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieres" title="Nieres">Nieres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oln%C4%ABca" title="Olnīca">Olnīca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">Placenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plau%C5%A1as" title="Plaušas">Plaušas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirds" title="Sirds">Sirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smadzenes" title="Smadzenes">Smadzenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairogdziedzeris" title="Vairogdziedzeris">Vairogdziedzeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virsnieres" title="Virsnieres">Virsnieres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarnas" title="Zarnas">Zarnas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightgrey;;">Kauli</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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