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class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Enumerated+type" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> In <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a>, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the <a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R programming language</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Categorical_variable" title="Categorical variable">categorical variable</a> in statistics) is a <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">data type</a> consisting of a set of named <a href="/wiki/Value_(computer_science)" title="Value (computer science)">values</a> called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type. The enumerator names are usually <a href="/wiki/Identifier_(computer_languages)" title="Identifier (computer languages)">identifiers</a> that behave as <a href="/wiki/Constant_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant (programming)">constants</a> in the language. An enumerated type can be seen as a degenerate <a href="/wiki/Tagged_union" title="Tagged union">tagged union</a> of <a href="/wiki/Unit_type" title="Unit type">unit type</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)" title="Variable (computer science)">variable</a> that has been <a href="/wiki/Declaration_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration (computer science)">declared</a> as having an enumerated type can be assigned any of the enumerators as a value. In other words, an enumerated type has values that are different from each other, and that can be compared and assigned, but are not specified by the programmer as having any particular concrete representation in the computer's memory; compilers and interpreters can represent them arbitrarily. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description">1 Description</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Rationale">2 Rationale</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Conventions">3 Conventions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Syntax_in_several_programming_languages">4 Syntax in several programming languages</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Pascal_and_syntactically_similar_languages">4.1 Pascal and syntactically similar languages</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Pascal">4.1.1 Pascal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Ada">4.1.2 Ada</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#C_and_syntactically_similar_languages">4.2 C and syntactically similar languages</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#C">4.2.1 C</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#C#">4.2.2 C#</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#C++">4.2.3 C++</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Go">4.2.4 Go</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Haxe">4.2.5 Haxe</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Java">4.2.6 Java</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Perl">4.2.7 Perl</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Raku">4.2.8 Raku</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#PHP">4.2.9 PHP</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Rust">4.2.10 Rust</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Swift">4.2.11 Swift</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#TypeScript">4.2.12 TypeScript</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Python">4.2.13 Python</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Fortran">4.2.14 Fortran</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Visual_Basic/VBA">4.2.15 Visual Basic/VBA</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Lisp">4.2.16 Lisp</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Dart">4.2.17 Dart</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Algebraic_data_type_in_functional_programming">5 Algebraic data type in functional programming</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Databases">6 Databases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#XML_Schema">7 XML Schema</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> For example, the four <a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">suits</a> in a deck of playing cards may be four enumerators named Club, Diamond, Heart, and Spade, belonging to an enumerated type named suit. If a variable V is declared having suit as its data type, one can assign any of those four values to it. Although the enumerators are usually distinct, some languages may allow the same enumerator to be listed twice in the type's declaration. The names of enumerators need not be semantically complete or compatible in any sense. For example, an enumerated type called color may be defined to consist of the enumerators Red, Green, Zebra, Missing, and Bacon. In some languages, the declaration of an enumerated type also intentionally defines an <a href="/wiki/Total_order" title="Total order">ordering</a> of its members (High, Medium and Low priorities); in others, the enumerators are unordered (English, French, German and Spanish supported languages); in others still, an implicit ordering arises from the compiler concretely representing enumerators as integers. Some enumerator types may be <a href="/wiki/Built-in_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Built-in type">built into</a> the language. The <a href="/wiki/Boolean_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Boolean type">Boolean type</a>, for example is often a pre-defined enumeration of the values False and True. A unit type consisting of a single value may also be defined to represent null. Many languages allow users to define new enumerated types. Values and variables of an enumerated type are usually implemented with some <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">integer</a> type as the underlying representation. Some languages, especially <a href="/wiki/System_programming_language" title="System programming language">system programming languages</a>, allow the user to specify the bit combination to be used for each enumerator, which can be useful to efficiently represent sets of enumerators as fixed-length bit strings. In <a href="/wiki/Type_theory" title="Type theory">type theory</a>, enumerated types are often regarded as <a href="/wiki/Tagged_union" title="Tagged union">tagged unions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Unit_type" title="Unit type">unit types</a>. Since such types are of the form <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1+1+\cdots +1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1+1+\cdots +1}</annotation> </semantics> </math><noscript><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe420bc40161e1c9af002a820411964f7841c085" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:14.732ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1+1+\cdots +1}"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14.732ex;height: 2.343ex;vertical-align: -0.505ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe420bc40161e1c9af002a820411964f7841c085" data-alt="{\displaystyle 1+1+\cdots +1}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> , they may also be written as natural numbers. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Rationale">Rationale</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rationale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Some early programming languages did not originally have enumerated types. If a programmer wanted a variable, for example myColor, to have a value of red, the variable red would be declared and assigned some arbitrary value, usually an integer constant. The variable red would then be assigned to myColor. Other techniques assigned arbitrary values to strings containing the names of the enumerators. These arbitrary values were sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)" title="Magic number (programming)">magic numbers</a> since there often was no explanation as to how the numbers were obtained or whether their actual values were significant. These magic numbers could make the source code harder for others to understand and maintain. Enumerated types, on the other hand, make the code more self-documenting. Depending on the language, the compiler could automatically assign default values to the enumerators thereby hiding unnecessary detail from the programmer. These values may not even be visible to the programmer (see <a href="/wiki/Information_hiding" title="Information hiding">information hiding</a>). Enumerated types can also prevent a programmer from writing illogical code such as performing mathematical operations on the values of the enumerators. If the value of a variable that was assigned an enumerator were to be printed, some programming languages could also print the name of the enumerator rather than its underlying numerical value. A further advantage is that enumerated types can allow compilers to enforce semantic correctness. For instance: <code>myColor = TRIANGLE</code> can be forbidden, whilst <code>myColor = RED</code> is accepted, even if TRIANGLE and RED are both internally represented as 1. Conceptually, an enumerated type is similar to a list of <a href="/wiki/Nominal_number" title="Nominal number">nominals</a> (numeric codes), since each possible value of the type is assigned a distinctive natural number. A given enumerated type is thus a concrete implementation of this notion. When order is meaningful and/or used for comparison, then an enumerated type becomes an <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_number" title="Ordinal number">ordinal</a> type. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Conventions">Conventions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conventions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <a href="/wiki/Programming_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming languages">Programming languages</a> tend to have their own, oftentimes multiple, <a href="/wiki/Programming_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming styles">programming styles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naming_convention_(programming)" title="Naming convention (programming)">naming conventions</a>. The variable assigned to an enumeration is usually a noun in singular form, and frequently follows either a <a href="/wiki/PascalCase" class="mw-redirect" title="PascalCase">PascalCase</a> or <a href="/wiki/Uppercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppercase">uppercase</a> convention, while <a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">lowercase</a> and others are seen less frequently. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Syntax_in_several_programming_languages">Syntax in several programming languages</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Syntax in several programming languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pascal_and_syntactically_similar_languages">Pascal and syntactically similar languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pascal and syntactically similar languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pascal">Pascal</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pascal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, an enumerated type can be implicitly declared by listing the values in a parenthesised list: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> var suit: (clubs, diamonds, hearts, spades); </pre></div> The declaration will often appear in a type synonym declaration, such that it can be used for multiple variables: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> type cardsuit = (clubs, diamonds, hearts, spades); card = record suit: cardsuit; value: 1 .. 13; end; var hand: array [ 1 .. 13 ] of card; trump: cardsuit; </pre></div> The order in which the enumeration values are given matters. An enumerated type is an ordinal type, and the <code>pred</code> and <code>succ</code> functions will give the prior or next value of the enumeration, and <code>ord</code> can convert enumeration values to their integer representation. Standard Pascal does not offer a conversion from arithmetic types to enumerations, however. Extended Pascal offers this functionality via an extended <code>succ</code> function. Some other Pascal dialects allow it via type-casts. Some modern descendants of Pascal, such as <a href="/wiki/Modula-3" title="Modula-3">Modula-3</a>, provide a special conversion syntax using a method called <code>VAL</code>; Modula-3 also treats <code>BOOLEAN</code> and <code>CHAR</code> as special pre-defined enumerated types and uses <code>ORD</code> and <code>VAL</code> for standard ASCII decoding and encoding. Pascal style languages also allow enumeration to be used as array index: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> var suitcount: array [cardsuit] of integer; </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ada">Ada</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>, the use of "=" was replaced with "is" leaving the definition quite similar: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ada mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>type Cardsuit is (clubs, diamonds, hearts, spades); </pre></div> In addition to <code>Pred</code>, <code>Succ</code>, <code>Val</code> and <code>Pos</code> Ada also supports simple string conversions via <code>Image</code> and <code>Value</code>. Similar to C-style languages Ada allows the internal representation of the enumeration to be specified: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ada mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>for Cardsuit use (clubs => 1, diamonds => 2, hearts => 4, spades => 8); </pre></div> Unlike C-style languages Ada also allows the number of bits of the enumeration to be specified: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ada mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>for Cardsuit'Size use 4; -- 4 bits </pre></div> Additionally, one can use enumerations as indexes for arrays, like in Pascal, but there are attributes defined for enumerations <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ada mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> Shuffle : constant array(Cardsuit) of Cardsuit := (Clubs => Cardsuit'Succ(Clubs), -- see attributes of enumerations 'First, 'Last, 'Succ, 'Pred Diamonds => Hearts, --an explicit value Hearts => Cardsuit'Last, --first enumeration value of type Cardsuit e.g., clubs Spades => Cardsuit'First --last enumeration value of type Cardsuit e.g., spades ); </pre></div> Like <a href="/wiki/Modula-3" title="Modula-3">Modula-3</a> Ada treats <code>Boolean</code> and <code>Character</code> as special pre-defined (in package "<code>Standard</code>") enumerated types. Unlike Modula-3 one can also define own character types: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ada mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>type Cards is ('7', '8', '9', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A'); </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C_and_syntactically_similar_languages">C and syntactically similar languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: C and syntactically similar languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C">C</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The original <a href="/wiki/K%26R_C" class="mw-redirect" title="K&R C">K&R</a> dialect of the programming language <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> had no enumerated types.<a href="#cite_note-k&r1e-1">[1]</a> In C, enumerations are created by explicit definitions (the <code>enum</code> keyword by itself does not cause allocation of storage) which use the <code>enum</code> keyword and are reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Struct_(C_programming_language)" title="Struct (C programming language)">struct</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_type" title="Union type">union</a> definitions: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum cardsuit { Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades }; struct card { enum cardsuit suit; short int value; } hand[13]; enum cardsuit trump; </pre></div> C exposes the integer representation of enumeration values directly to the programmer. Integers and enum values can be mixed freely, and all arithmetic operations on enum values are permitted. It is even possible for an enum variable to hold an integer that does not represent any of the enumeration values. In fact, according to the language definition, the above code will define <code>Clubs</code>, <code>Diamonds</code>, <code>Hearts</code>, and <code>Spades</code> as constants of type <code>int</code>, which will only be converted (silently) to <code>enum cardsuit</code> if they are stored in a variable of that type. C also allows the programmer to choose the values of the enumeration constants explicitly, even without type. For example, <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum cardsuit { Clubs = 1, Diamonds = 2, Hearts = 4, Spades = 8 }; </pre></div> could be used to define a type that allows mathematical sets of suits to be represented as an <code>enum cardsuit</code> by bitwise logic operations. Since <a href="/wiki/C23_(C_standard_revision)" title="C23 (C standard revision)">C23</a>, the underlying type of an enumeration can be specified by the programmer:<a href="#cite_note-N3030-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum cardsuit : char { Clubs = 1, Diamonds = 2, Hearts = 4, Spades = 8 }; </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C#">C#</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: C#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Enumerated types in the <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> programming language preserve most of the "small integer" semantics of C's enums. Some arithmetic operations are not defined for enums, but an enum value can be explicitly converted to an integer and back again, and an enum variable can have values that were not declared by the enum definition. For example, given <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cardsuit { Clubs, Diamonds, Spades, Hearts } </pre></div> the expressions <code lang="csharp">CardSuit.Diamonds + 1</code> and <code lang="csharp">CardSuit.Hearts - CardSuit.Clubs</code> are allowed directly (because it may make sense to step through the sequence of values or ask how many steps there are between two values), but <code lang="csharp">CardSuit.Hearts * CardSuit.Spades</code> is deemed to make less sense and is only allowed if the values are first converted to integers. C# also provides the C-like feature of being able to define specific integer values for enumerations. By doing this it is possible to perform binary operations on enumerations, thus treating enumeration values as sets of flags. These flags can be tested using binary operations or with the Enum type's builtin 'HasFlag' method. The enumeration definition defines names for the selected integer values and is <a href="/wiki/Syntactic_sugar" title="Syntactic sugar">syntactic sugar</a>, as it is possible to assign to an enum variable other integer values that are not in the scope of the enum definition.<a href="#cite_note-enum-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C++">C++</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: C++" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> has enumeration types that are directly inherited from C's and work mostly like these, except that an enumeration is a real type in C++, giving added compile-time checking. Also (as with structs), the C++ <code>enum</code> keyword is combined with a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><a href="/wiki/Typedef" title="Typedef">typedef</a>, so that instead of naming the type <code>enum name</code>, simply name it <code>name</code>. This can be simulated in C using a typedef: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">typedef enum {Value1, Value2} name;</code> <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a> also provides a second kind of enumeration, called a scoped enumeration. These are type-safe: the enumerators are not implicitly converted to an integer type. Among other things, this allows I/O streaming to be defined for the enumeration type. Another feature of scoped enumerations is that the enumerators do not leak, so usage requires prefixing with the name of the enumeration (e.g., <code>Color::Red</code> for the first enumerator in the example below), unless a <code>using enum</code> declaration (introduced in <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B20" title="C++20">C++20</a>) has been used to bring the enumerators into the current scope. A scoped enumeration is specified by the phrase <code>enum class</code> (or <code>enum struct</code>). For example: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum class Color {Red, Green, Blue}; </pre></div> The underlying type of an enumeration is an implementation-defined integral type that is large enough to hold all enumerated values; it does not have to be the smallest possible type. The underlying type can be specified directly, which allows "forward declarations" of enumerations: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum class Color : long {Red, Green, Blue}; // must fit in size and memory layout the type 'long' enum class Shapes : char; // forward declaration. If later there are values defined that don't fit in 'char' it is an error. </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Go">Go</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Go" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a> uses the <code>iota</code> keyword to create enumerated constants.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-go mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>type ByteSize float64 const ( _ = iota // ignore first value by assigning to blank identifier KB ByteSize = 1 << (10 * iota) MB GB ) </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haxe">Haxe</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Haxe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Haxe#Enumerated_types" title="Haxe">Haxe § Enumerated types</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haxe&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Enumerated types are an important feature of the language; they can have type parameters and be recursive.<a href="#cite_note-Haxe_enum-reference-7">[7]</a> They provide basic support for <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_data_type" title="Algebraic data type">algebraic data types</a>, allowing the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Product_type" title="Product type">product types</a>, in a fashion similar to <a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a> and <a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">ML</a>. A <code>switch</code> expression can apply <a href="/wiki/Pattern_matching#Tree_patterns" title="Pattern matching">pattern matching</a> to an enum value, allowing for elegant solutions to complex programming problems: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-haxe mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Color { red; green; blue; rgb(r:Int, g:Int, b:Int); } class Colors { static function toInt(c:Color):Int { return switch (c) { case red: 0xFF0000; case green: 0x00FF00; case blue: 0x0000FF; case rgb(r, g, b): (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b; } } static function validCalls() { var redint = toInt(Color.red); var rgbint = toInt(Color.rgb(100, 100, 100)); } } </pre></div> Examples of parametric enum types are the Haxe standard library types Option<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and Either:<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-haxe mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Option<T> { Some(v:T); None; } enum Either<L, R> { Left(v:L); Right(v:R); } </pre></div> Haxe also supports <a href="/wiki/Generalized_algebraic_data_type" title="Generalized algebraic data type">generalized algebraic data types</a> (GADTs).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Java">Java</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Java" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A UML class diagram featuring a enum."><noscript><img alt="A UML class diagram featuring a enum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg/112px-Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="112" data-file-height="134"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg/112px-Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg.png" data-alt="A UML class diagram featuring a enum." data-width="112" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg/168px-Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg/224px-Cardsuit_UML_enum.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A UML class diagram featuring a enum.</figcaption></figure> The J2SE version 5.0 of the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java programming language</a> added enumerated types whose declaration syntax is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cardsuit { CLUBS, DIAMONDS, SPADES, HEARTS }; ... Cardsuit trump; </pre></div> The Java type system, however, treats enumerations as a type separate from integers, and intermixing of enum and integer values is not allowed. In fact, an enum type in Java is actually a special compiler-generated <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (computer science)">class</a> rather than an arithmetic type, and enum values behave as global pre-generated instances of that class. Enum types can have instance methods and a constructor (the arguments of which can be specified separately for each enum value). All enum types implicitly extend the <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/19/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/Enum.html">Enum</a></code> abstract class. An enum type cannot be instantiated directly.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Internally, each enum value contains an integer, corresponding to the order in which they are declared in the source code, starting from 0. The programmer cannot set a custom integer for an enum value directly, but one can define <a href="/wiki/Constructor_overloading" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructor overloading">overloaded constructors</a> that can then assign arbitrary values to self-defined members of the enum class. Defining getters allows then access to those self-defined members. The internal integer can be obtained from an enum value using the <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/19/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/Enum.html#ordinal()">ordinal()</a></code> method, and the list of enum values of an enumeration type can be obtained in order using the <code>values()</code> method. It is generally discouraged for programmers to convert enums to integers and vice versa.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Enumerated types are <code>Comparable</code>, using the internal integer; as a result, they can be sorted. The Java standard library provides utility classes to use with enumerations. The <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/19/docs/api/java.base/java/util/EnumSet.html">EnumSet</a></code> class implements a <code>Set</code> of enum values; it is implemented as a <a href="/wiki/Bit_array" title="Bit array">bit array</a>, which makes it very compact and as efficient as explicit bit manipulation, but safer. The <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/19/docs/api/java.base/java/util/EnumMap.html">EnumMap</a></code> class implements a <code>Map</code> of enum values to object. It is implemented as an array, with the integer value of the enum value serving as the index. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perl">Perl</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Perl" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Dynamically_typed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamically typed">Dynamically typed</a> languages in the syntactic tradition of C (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> or <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>) do not, in general, provide enumerations. But in Perl programming the same result can be obtained with the shorthand <a href="/wiki/String_literal" title="String literal">strings</a> <a href="/wiki/List_(abstract_data_type)" title="List (abstract data type)">list</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hash_table" title="Hash table">hashes</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Array_slicing" title="Array slicing">slices</a>): <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>my @enum = qw(Clubs Diamonds Hearts Spades); my( %set1, %set2 ); @set1{@enum} = (); # all cleared @set2{@enum} = (1) x @enum; # all set to 1 $set1{Clubs} ... # false $set2{Diamonds} ... # true </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Raku">Raku</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Raku" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Raku_(programming_language)" title="Raku (programming language)">Raku</a> (formerly known as Perl 6) supports enumerations. There are multiple ways to declare enumerations in Raku, all creating a back-end Map. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl6 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cat <sphynx siamese bengal shorthair other>; # Using "quote-words" </pre></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl6 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cat ('sphynx', 'siamese', 'bengal', 'shorthair', 'other'); # Using a list </pre></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl6 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cat (sphynx => 0, siamese => 1, bengal => 2, shorthair => 3, other => 4); # Using Pair constructors </pre></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl6 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cat (:sphynx(0), :siamese(1), :bengal(2), shorthair(3), :other(4)); # Another way of using Pairs, you can also use `:0sphynx` </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PHP">PHP</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: PHP" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Enums were added in PHP version 8.1. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum CardSuit { case Hearts; case Diamonds; case Clubs; case Spades; } </pre></div> Enumerators may be backed by string or integer values to aid serialization: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum CardSuit: string { case Hearts = 'H'; case Diamonds = 'D'; case Clubs = 'C'; case Spades = 'S'; } </pre></div> The Enum's interface exposes a method that gives a collection of its enumerators and their names. String/integer-backed Enums also expose the backing value and methods to (attempt) deserialization. Users may add further methods. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rust">Rust</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rust" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Though Rust uses the <code>enum</code> keyword like C, it uses it to describe <a href="/wiki/Tagged_union" title="Tagged union">tagged unions</a>, which enums can be considered a degenerate form of. Rust's enums are therefore much more flexible and can contain struct and tuple variants. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rust mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Message { Quit, Move { x: i32, y: i32 }, // struct Write(String), // single-element tuple ChangeColor(i32, i32, i32), // three-element tuple } </pre></div> Like C, Rust also supports specifying the values of each variant, <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rust mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>#[allow(dead_code)] pub enum Weekday { Sunday = 1, Monday = 2, Tuesday = 4, Wednesday = 8, Thursday = 16, Friday = 32, Saturday = 64, } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swift">Swift</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Swift" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In C, enumerations assign related names to a set of integer values. In <a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a>, enumerations are much more flexible and need not provide a value for each case of the enumeration. If a value (termed a raw value) is provided for each enumeration case, the value can be a string, a character, or a value of any integer or floating-point type. Alternatively, enumeration cases can specify associated values of any type to be stored along with each different case value, much as unions or variants do in other languages. One can define a common set of related cases as part of one enumeration, each of which has a different set of values of appropriate types associated with it. In Swift, enumerations are a first-class type. They adopt many features traditionally supported only by classes, such as computed properties to provide additional information about the enumeration's current value, and instance methods to provide functionality related to the values the enumeration represents. Enumerations can also define initializers to provide an initial case value and can be extended to expand their functionality beyond their original implementation; and can conform to protocols to provide standard functionality. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-swift mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum CardSuit { case clubs case diamonds case hearts case spades } </pre></div> Unlike C and <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a>, Swift enumeration cases are not assigned a default integer value when they are created. In the CardSuit example above, clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades do not implicitly equal 0, 1, 2 and 3. Instead, the different enumeration cases are fully-fledged values in their own right, with an explicitly-defined type of CardSuit. Multiple cases can appear on a single line, separated by commas: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-swift mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum CardSuit { case clubs, diamonds, hearts, spades } </pre></div> When working with enumerations that store integer or string raw values, one doesn't need to explicitly assign a raw value for each case because Swift will automatically assign the values. For instance, when integers are used for raw values, the implicit value for each case is one more than the previous case. If the first case doesn't have a value set, its value is 0. For the CardSuit example, suits can be numbered starting from 1 by writing: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-swift mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum CardSuit { case clubs = 1, diamonds, hearts, spades } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TypeScript">TypeScript</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: TypeScript" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> TypeScript adds an 'enum' data type to JavaScript. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cardsuit {Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades}; var c: Cardsuit = Cardsuit.Diamonds; </pre></div> By default, enums number members starting at 0; this can be overridden by setting the value of the first: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cardsuit {Clubs = 1, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades}; var c: Cardsuit = Cardsuit.Diamonds; </pre></div> All the values can be set: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cardsuit {Clubs = 1, Diamonds = 2, Hearts = 4, Spades = 8}; var c: Cardsuit = Cardsuit.Diamonds; </pre></div> TypeScript supports mapping the numeric value to its name. For example, this finds the name of the value 2: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum Cardsuit {Clubs = 1, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades}; var suitName: string = Cardsuit[2]; alert(suitName); </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Python">Python</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Python" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html"><code>enum</code></a> module was added to the Python standard library in version 3.4.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>from enum import Enum class Cards(Enum): CLUBS = 1 DIAMONDS = 2 HEARTS = 3 SPADES = 4 </pre></div> There is also a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/enum.html#functional-api">functional API</a> for creating enumerations with automatically generated indices (starting with one): <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Cards = Enum("Cards", "CLUBS DIAMONDS HEARTS SPADES") </pre></div> Python enumerations do not enforce semantic correctness (a meaningless comparison to an incompatible enumeration always returns False rather than raising a TypeError): <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pycon mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>>>> Color = Enum("Color", "RED GREEN BLUE") >>> Shape = Enum("Shape", ["CIRCLE", "TRIANGLE", "SQUARE", "HEXAGON"]) >>> def has_vertices(shape): ... return shape != Shape.CIRCLE ... >>> has_vertices(Color.GREEN) True </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fortran">Fortran</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Fortran" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> only has enumerated types for interoperability with C; hence, the semantics is similar to C and, as in C, the enum values are just integers and no further type check is done. The C example from above can be written in Fortran as <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-fortran mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>enum, bind( C ) enumerator :: CLUBS = 1, DIAMONDS = 2, HEARTS = 4, SPADES = 8 end enum </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visual_Basic/VBA">Visual Basic/VBA</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Visual Basic/VBA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Enumerated datatypes in <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> (up to version 6) and <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a> are automatically assigned the "<code>Long</code>" datatype and also become a datatype themselves: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-vbnet mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>'Zero-based Enum CardSuit Clubs Diamonds Hearts Spades End Enum Sub EnumExample() Dim suit As CardSuit suit = Diamonds MsgBox suit End Sub </pre></div> Example Code in <a href="/wiki/VB.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="VB.NET">VB.NET</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-vbnet mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Enum CardSuit Clubs Diamonds Hearts Spades End Enum Sub EnumExample() Dim suit As CardSuit suit = CardSuit.Diamonds MessageBox.show(suit) End Sub </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lisp">Lisp</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lisp" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a> uses the member type specifier, e.g., <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>(deftype cardsuit () '(member club diamond heart spade)) </pre></div> that states that object is of type cardsuit if it is <code>#'eql</code> to club, diamond, heart or spade. The member type specifier is not valid as a <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp_Object_System" title="Common Lisp Object System">Common Lisp Object System</a> (CLOS) parameter specializer, however. Instead, <code>(eql atom)</code>, which is the equivalent to <code>(member atom)</code> may be used (that is, only one member of the set may be specified with an eql type specifier, however, it may be used as a CLOS parameter specializer.) In other words, to define methods to cover an enumerated type, a method must be defined for each specific element of that type. Additionally, <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>(deftype finite-element-set-type (&rest elements) `(member ,@elements)) </pre></div> may be used to define arbitrary enumerated types at runtime. For instance <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>(finite-element-set-type club diamond heart spade) </pre></div> would refer to a type equivalent to the prior definition of cardsuit, as of course would simply have been using <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lisp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>(member club diamond heart spade) </pre></div> but may be less confusing with the function <code>#'member</code> for stylistic reasons. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dart">Dart</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Dart" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a> has a support for the most basic form of enums and has a syntax that is a lot similar with other languages supporting enums. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-dart mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>enum CardSuite { Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades } void main() { CardSuite card = CardSuite.Clubs; // Dart uses the "switch" operator to match the value of an enum with the desired output. switch (card) { case CardSuite.Clubs: { print("Clubs"); } break; case CardSuite.Diamonds: { print("Diamonds"); } break; case CardSuite.Hearts: { print("Hearts"); } break; case CardSuite.Spades: { print("Spades"); } break; default: { print("Unknown"); } break; } } </pre></div> Note that the switch operator does not guarantee the completeness of the cases. This means if you omit one case, the compiler will not raise an error. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Algebraic_data_type_in_functional_programming">Algebraic data type in functional programming</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Algebraic data type in functional programming" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> In <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional programming</a> languages in the <a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">ML</a> lineage (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a> (SML), <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_data_type" title="Algebraic data type">algebraic data type</a> with only <a href="/wiki/Nullary_constructor" title="Nullary constructor">nullary constructors</a> can be used to implement an enumerated type. For example (in the syntax of SML signatures): <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>datatype cardsuit = Clubs | Diamonds | Hearts | Spades type card = { suit: cardsuit; value: int } val hand : card list val trump : cardsuit </pre></div> In these languages the small-integer representation is completely hidden from the programmer, if indeed such a representation is employed by the implementation. However, Haskell has the <code>Enum</code> <a href="/wiki/Type_class" title="Type class">type class</a> which a type can derive or implement to get a mapping between the type and <code>Int</code>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Databases">Databases</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Databases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Some <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a> support enumerated types directly. <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> provides an enumerated type <code>ENUM</code> with allowable values specified as strings when a table is created. The values are stored as numeric indices with the empty string stored as 0, the first string value stored as 1, the second string value stored as 2, etc. Values can be stored and retrieved as numeric indexes or string values.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Example: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-mysql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>CREATE TABLE shirts ( name VARCHAR(40), size ENUM('x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large') ); </pre></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="XML_Schema">XML Schema</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: XML Schema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema</a> supports enumerated types through the enumeration facet used for constraining most primitive datatypes such as strings. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><xs:element name="cardsuit"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="Clubs"/> <xs:enumeration value="Diamonds"/> <xs:enumeration value="Hearts"/> <xs:enumeration value="Spades"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:element> </pre></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_set" title="Contrast set">Contrast set</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-k&r1e-1"><a href="#cite_ref-k&r1e_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKernighanRitchie1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kernighan" title="Brian Kernighan">Kernighan, Brian W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Ritchie, Dennis M.</a> (February 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cprogramminglang00kern">The C Programming Language</a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Englewood_Cliffs,_NJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Englewood Cliffs, NJ">Englewood Cliffs, NJ</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-110163-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-110163-3"><bdi>0-13-110163-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+C+Programming+Language&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1978-02&rft.isbn=0-13-110163-3&rft.aulast=Kernighan&rft.aufirst=Brian+W.&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+Dennis+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcprogramminglang00kern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnumerated+type" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3030-2"><a href="#cite_ref-N3030_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n3030.htm">"WG14-N3030 : Enhancements to Enumerations"</a>. 2022-07-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WG14-N3030+%3A+Enhancements+to+Enumerations&rft.date=2022-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3030.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnumerated+type" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-enum-3"><a href="#cite_ref-enum_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObasanjo2007" class="citation web cs1">Obasanjo, Dare (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910061600/http://25hoursaday.com/">"A Comparison of Microsoft's C# Programming Language to Sun Microsystems' Java Programming Language"</a>. Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2012-09-06. <q>In Java, enumerated types are a full fledged class which means they are typesafe and can be extended by adding methods, fields or even implementing interfaces. Whereas in C#, an enumerated type is simply syntactic sugar around an integral type (typically an int) meaning they cannot be extended and are not typesafe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Comparison+of+Microsoft%27s+C%23+Programming+Language+to+Sun+Microsystems%27+Java+Programming+Language&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Obasanjo&rft.aufirst=Dare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.25hoursaday.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnumerated+type" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruntz2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gruntz, Dominik, Prof. Dr. (2005-04-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107062227/http://www.cstruter.com/">"Java 5: Taming the Tiger: Syntactic Sugar"</a> (in German). Fachhochschule Aargau, Nordwestschweiz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cstruter.com/">the original</a> on 2007-01-07. Retrieved 2012-09-10. <q>Enumerationen sind die heimlichen Sieger von Java 1.5. Nach vielen Beteuerungen durch Sun, Enums seien in Java überflüssig und können einfach nachgebildet werden, wurden sie nun doch eingeführt. Die einfachste Möglichkeit einer Enumeration der Jahreszeiten sieht wie folgt aus … Das Schlüsselwort enum steht für eine spezielle Art von Klasse, die eine Enumeration definiert. … Im Gegensatz zu anderen Programmiersprachen wie C/C++ und C# kann man ihnen per Gleichheitszeichen keine ganzen Zahlen zuordnen.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Java+5%3A+Taming+the+Tiger%3A+Syntactic+Sugar&rft.pub=Fachhochschule+Aargau%2C+Nordwestschweiz&rft.date=2005-04-08&rft.aulast=Gruntz&rft.aufirst=Dominik%2C+Prof.+Dr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cstruter.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnumerated+type" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gruntz.ch/courses/sem/ss05/Java5_SyntacticSugar.pdf">Alt URL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527074954/http://www.gruntz.ch/courses/sem/ss05/Java5_SyntacticSugar.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruter2011" class="citation web cs1">Truter, Christoff (2011-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107062227/http://www.cstruter.com/">"Syntactic sugar (C#): Enum"</a>. 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Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Addison-Wesley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/effectivejava00bloc_0/page/158">158</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-35668-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-35668-0"><bdi>978-0-321-35668-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Effective+Java&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=158&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-321-35668-0&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feffectivejava00bloc_0%2Fpage%2F158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnumerated+type" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/enum.html">"MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 11.3.5 The ENUM Type"</a>. dev.mysql.com. Retrieved 19 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dev.mysql.com&rft.atitle=MySQL+%3A%3A+MySQL+8.0+Reference+Manual+%3A%3A+11.3.5+The+ENUM+Type&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.mysql.com%2Fdoc%2Frefman%2F8.0%2Fen%2Fenum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnumerated+type" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ada_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Ada Programming">Ada Programming</a> has a page on the topic of: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ada_Programming/Types/Enumeration" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Ada Programming/Types/Enumeration">Enumeration</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cppreference.com/keywords/enum.html">Enumerated types in C/C++</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc138362.aspx">Enumerated types in C#</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/enums.html">Enumerated types in Java</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/enum.html">Enumerated types in MySQL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130201203915/http://www.rps-obix.com/docs/manuals/enumerated_data_type.html">Enumerated types in Obix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.enumerations.overview.php">Enumerated types in PHP</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Enumerations.html">Enumerated types in Swift</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">Enumerated types in XML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/93khb7k9.aspx">Enumerated types in Visual Basic</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&oldid=1258670035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&oldid=1258670035</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Enumerated_type&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 20 November 2024, at 23:03 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BD%C4%8Dtov%C3%BD_typ" title="Výčtový typ – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výčtový typ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufz%C3%A4hlungstyp" title="Aufzählungstyp – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aufzählungstyp" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_%C3%A9num%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Type énuméré – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Type énuméré" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EA%B1%B0%ED%98%95" title="열거형 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열거형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upptalningartag" title="Upptalningartag – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Upptalningartag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumeratie_(datatype)" title="Enumeratie (datatype) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enumeratie (datatype)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%8C%99%E5%9E%8B" title="列挙型 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="列挙型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppregningstype" title="Oppregningstype – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oppregningstype" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyliczeniowy_typ_danych" title="Wyliczeniowy typ danych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyliczeniowy typ danych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(tipo_de_dado)" title="Enumeração (tipo de dado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enumeração (tipo de dado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Перечисляемый тип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перечисляемый тип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppr%C3%A4kningstyp" title="Uppräkningstyp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uppräkningstyp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Перелічуваний тип даних – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перелічуваний тип даних" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E8%88%89" title="列舉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="列舉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%9A%E4%B8%BE" title="枚举 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="枚举" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 23:03 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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