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<li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion,_retreat_and_prosperity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion,_retreat_and_prosperity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Expansion, retreat and prosperity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion,_retreat_and_prosperity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Kingdom_of_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The Kingdom of Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Kingdom_of_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massacres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massacres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Massacres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massacres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fascism_and_end_of_monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fascism_and_end_of_monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fascism and end of monarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fascism_and_end_of_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Savoy_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Savoy_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>House of Savoy today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Savoy_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orders_of_knighthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orders_of_knighthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Orders of knighthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orders_of_knighthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of rulers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_rulers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of rulers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Counts_of_Savoy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counts_of_Savoy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Counts of Savoy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counts_of_Savoy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dukes_of_Savoy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dukes_of_Savoy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dukes of Savoy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dukes_of_Savoy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kings of Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Sardinia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Sardinia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Kings of Sardinia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Sardinia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Kings of Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emperors_of_Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emperors_of_Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Emperors of Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emperors_of_Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Kings of Albania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Kings of Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>World War II Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus,_Jerusalem_and_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus,_Jerusalem_and_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus,_Jerusalem_and_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Sardinia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Sardinia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Titles of the Crown of Sardinia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Sardinia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Titles of the Crown of Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Savoy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huis_van_Savoje" title="Huis van Savoje – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Huis van Savoje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haus_Savoyen" title="Haus Savoyen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Haus Savoyen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%8A" title="آل سافوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آل سافوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAson_de_Savou%C3%A8" title="Mêson de Savouè – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mêson de Savouè" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Saboya" title="Casa de Saboya – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Casa de Saboya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoyya_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Savoyya sülaləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Savoyya sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Савойскі дом – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Савойскі дом" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Савойска династия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Савойска династия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierniezh_Savoia" title="Tierniezh Savoia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tierniezh Savoia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Savoia" title="Dinastia Savoia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia Savoia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoj%C5%A1t%C3%AD" title="Savojští – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Savojští" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Savoyen" title="Huset Savoyen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Huset Savoyen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haus_Savoyen" title="Haus Savoyen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haus Savoyen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia_d%C3%BCnastia" title="Savoia dünastia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Savoia dünastia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%90%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Οίκος της Σαβοΐας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οίκος της Σαβοΐας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Saboya" title="Casa de Saboya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casa de Saboya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoja_dinastio" title="Savoja dinastio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Savoja dinastio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoiako_etxea" title="Savoiako etxea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Savoiako etxea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="دودمان ساوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان ساوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_Savoie" title="Maison de Savoie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maison de Savoie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Savoia" title="Casa de Savoia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casa de Savoia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84%EA%B0%80" title="사보이아가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사보이아가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savojska_dinastija" title="Savojska dinastija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Savojska dinastija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Savoia" title="Wangsa Savoia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wangsa Savoia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoja%C3%A6ttin" title="Savojaættin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Savojaættin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Savoia" title="Casa Savoia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casa Savoia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94" title="בית סבויה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית סבויה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სავოიელების დინასტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სავოიელების დინასტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus_Sabaudiana" title="Domus Sabaudiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Domus Sabaudiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Savoia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoyai-h%C3%A1z" title="Savoyai-ház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Savoyai-ház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Савојска династија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Савојска династија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga_Diraja_Savoy" title="Keluarga Diraja Savoy – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluarga Diraja Savoy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huis_Savoye" title="Huis Savoye – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huis Savoye" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E5%AE%B6" title="サヴォイア家 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サヴォイア家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Savoia" title="Huset Savoia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huset Savoia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostal_de_Sav%C3%B2ia" title="Ostal de Savòia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ostal de Savòia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia_sabaudzka" title="Dynastia sabaudzka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dynastia sabaudzka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Saboia" title="Casa de Saboia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casa de Saboia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Savoia" title="Casa de Savoia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Casa de Savoia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Савойский дом – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Савойский дом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domo_Savoja" title="Domo Savoja – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Domo Savoja" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia_(famigghia)" title="Savoia (famigghia) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Savoia (famigghia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="House of Savoy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savojci" title="Savojci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Savojci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Династија Савоја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Савоја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie_(dinastija)" title="Savoie (dinastija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Savoie (dinastija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoijin_kuningashuone" title="Savoijin kuningashuone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Savoijin kuningashuone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Savojen" title="Huset Savojen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Huset Savojen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ราชวงศ์ซาวอย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ซาวอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Savoie Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Savoie Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Савойський дім – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Савойський дім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="خاندان ساوئی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاندان ساوئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza_Savoja" title="Caza Savoja – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Caza Savoja" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%99c_Savoia" title="Vương tộc Savoia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương tộc Savoia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨伏依王朝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨伏依王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨伏依王朝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨伏依王朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200229#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Royal dynasty of Southern Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">House of Savoy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890)_(alternate).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29_%28alternate%29.svg/170px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29_%28alternate%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29_%28alternate%29.svg/255px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29_%28alternate%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29_%28alternate%29.svg/340px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29_%28alternate%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="698" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily_under_Savoy" title="Kingdom of Sicily under Savoy">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%931873)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–1873)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1003<span class="noprint">; 1021 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1003</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humbert_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert I, Count of Savoy">Umberto I of Savoy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current head</th><td class="infobox-data">Disputed: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto_of_Savoy,_Prince_of_Venice" title="Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice">Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Savoy">Count of Savoy</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1003–1416)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1416–1861)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Cyprus">King of Cyprus</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1485–1946)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">King of Jerusalem</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1485–1946)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Armenia">King of Armenia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1485–1946)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1713–1720)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1720–1861)</span></li> <li><i>King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jacobite_succession" title="Jacobite succession">Jacobite claim</a>, 1807–1840)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>(1861–1946)</b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1870–1873)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1941)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Albania" title="King of Albania">King of Albania</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1943)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">King of Croatia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1941–1943)</span></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Estate(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Quirinal Palace</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Turin" title="Royal Palace of Turin">Royal Palace of Turin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Milan" title="Royal Palace of Milan">Royal Palace of Milan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Naples" title="Royal Palace of Naples">Royal Palace of Naples</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Caserta" title="Royal Palace of Caserta">Royal Palace of Caserta</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Venaria" title="Palace of Venaria">Royal Palace of Venaria Reale</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Capodimonte" title="Palace of Capodimonte">Royal Palace of Capodimonte</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Villa_of_Monza" title="Royal Villa of Monza">Royal Villa of Monza</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Palazzina_di_caccia_di_Stupinigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi">Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Turin" title="Palazzo Madama, Turin">Palazzo Madama</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Carignano" title="Palazzo Carignano">Palazzo Carignano</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Margherita" title="Palazzo Margherita">Palazzo Margherita</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Ada" title="Villa Ada">Villa Ada</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Villa_della_Regina" title="Villa della Regina">Villa della Regina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Valentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Valentino">Castle of Valentino</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Racconigi" title="Castle of Racconigi">Castle of Racconigi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Rivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Rivoli">Castle of Rivoli</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Agli%C3%A8" title="Agliè">Castle of Agliè</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Moncalieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Moncalieri">Castle of Moncalieri</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Castello_della_Mandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Castello della Mandria">Castle of La Mandria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Govone" title="Govone">Castle of Govone</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pollenzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollenzo">Pollenzo Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deposition</th><td class="infobox-data">12 June 1946: <a href="/wiki/Umberto_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Umberto II">Umberto II</a> left Italy as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_constitutional_referendum,_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian constitutional referendum, 1946">constitutional referendum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cadet branches</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savoy-Carignano" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy-Carignano">Savoy-Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aosta" title="Duke of Aosta">Savoy-Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Villafranca" title="Counts of Villafranca">Savoy-Villafranca-Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Genoa" title="Duke of Genoa">Savoy-Genoa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Villafranca" title="Counts of Villafranca">Savoy-Villafranca</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1888)</span></li> <li>Savoy-Soissons <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1734)</span></li> <li>Savoy-Nemours <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1659)</span></li> <li>Savoy-Racconigi <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1605)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorat_II_of_Savoy" title="Honorat II of Savoy">Savoy-Tende</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1580)</span></li> <li>Savoy-Acaia/Achaea <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1418)</span></li> <li>Savoy-Vaud <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct 1359)</span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-spacing: 0px; padding: 0px;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Italy" title="Monarchy of Italy">Italian Royalty</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Savoy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/100px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/150px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/200px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Clotilde_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy">Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo I of Spain</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oddone,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat">Oddone, Duke of Montferrat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_of_Savoy" title="Maria Pia of Savoy">Maria Pia of Savoy</a></dd> <dt><i>Grandchildren</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto,_2nd_Duke_of_Aosta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta">Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele,_Count_of_Turin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin">Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Umberto,_Count_of_Salemi" title="Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi">Umberto, Count of Salemi</a></dd> <dt><i>Great Grandchildren</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta">Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta</a></dd> <dt><i>Great Great Grandchildren</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Margherita,_Archduchess_of_Austria-Este" title="Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este">Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amedeo,_5th_Duke_of_Aosta" class="mw-redirect" title="Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta">Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta</a></dd> <dt><i>Great Great Great Grandchildren</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Aimone, 6th Duke of Aosta</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III of Italy</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Yolanda_of_Savoy" title="Princess Yolanda of Savoy">Princess Yolanda of Savoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mafalda_of_Savoy" title="Princess Mafalda of Savoy">Princess Mafalda of Savoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II of Italy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Giovanna_of_Savoy" title="Giovanna of Savoy">Giovanna of Savoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Francesca_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy">Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Pia_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele,_Prince_of_Naples" title="Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples">Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Gabriella_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy">Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy">Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy</a></dd> <dt><i>Grandchildren</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto_of_Savoy,_Prince_of_Venice" title="Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice">Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice</a></dd> <dt><i>Great-Grandchildren</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Vittoria_of_Savoy" title="Princess Vittoria of Savoy">Princess Vittoria of Savoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Luisa of Savoy">Princess Luisa of Savoy</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right: 5px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Savoy" title="Template:House of Savoy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Savoy" title="Template talk:House of Savoy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Savoy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Savoy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>House of Savoy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Casa Savoia</i>) is an Italian royal house (formally a <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a>) that was established in 1003 in the historical <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> region. Through gradual expansions the family grew in power, first ruling a small <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">county</a> northwest of Italy and later gaining absolute rule of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>. During the years 1713 to 1720, they were handed the island of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> and would exercise direct rule from then onward. </p><p>Through its junior branch of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy-Carignano" title="House of Savoy-Carignano">Savoy-Carignano</a>, the House of Savoy led the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> in 1861, and ruled the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> until 1946. They also briefly ruled the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%931873)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–1873)">Kingdom of Spain</a> during the 19th century. The Savoyard kings of Italy were: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II</a>. Umberto II reigned for only a few weeks, as the last king of Italy, before being deposed following the <a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">institutional referendum of 1946</a>; after which the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Italian Republic</a> was proclaimed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name derives from the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> in the Alpine region between what is now France and Italy. Over time, the House of Savoy expanded its territory and influence through judicious marriages and international diplomacy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From rule of a region on the French–Italian border, by the time of its <a href="/wiki/Abolished_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolished monarchy">deposition</a> the dynasty's realm grew to include nearly all of the Italian Peninsula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The house descended from <a href="/wiki/Humbert_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Humbert I of Savoy">Humbert I</a>, Count of Sabaudia (Umberto I "Biancamano"), (1003–1047 or 1048). The ancestry of Humbert is uncertain, as contemporary documents make no mention of his father. His family was traditionally believed to have come from Saxony,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but more recent investigations have pointed to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Vienne" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Vienne">County of Vienne</a>, where both Humbert and his relatives held extensive possessions, as a more plausible origin.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Sabaudia was originally a poor county, later counts were diplomatically skilled, and gained control over strategic mountain passes in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. Two of Humbert's sons were commendatory abbots at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St._Maurice,_Agaunum" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of St. Maurice, Agaunum">Abbey of St. Maurice, Agaunum</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhone">River Rhone</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">Saint Maurice</a> is still the patron of the House of Savoy. </p><p>Humbert's son, <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto of Savoy">Otto of Savoy</a> succeeded to the title in 1051 after the death of his elder brother <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus I of Savoy">Amadeus I of Savoy</a>. Otto married the Marchioness Adelaide of Turin, bringing the <a href="/wiki/Marquessate_of_Susa" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquessate of Susa">Marquessate of Susa</a>, with the towns of Turin and Pinerolo, into the House of Savoy's possession.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They once had claims on the modern <a href="/wiki/Vaud#History" title="Vaud">canton of Vaud</a>, where they occupied the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_of_Chillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Château of Chillon">Château of Chillon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, but their access to it was cut by <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, after which it was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern#History" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a>. <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> was later joined with Sabaudia, and the name evolved into "Savoy" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Savoia</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG/200px-Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG/300px-Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG/400px-Abbaye_royale_de_Hautecombe_II_-_200501.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hautecombe_Abbey" title="Hautecombe Abbey">Hautecombe Abbey</a>, where many of the dukes are buried</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion,_retreat_and_prosperity"><span id="Expansion.2C_retreat_and_prosperity"></span>Expansion, retreat and prosperity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion, retreat and prosperity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Felix_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Felix V">Amadeus VIII</a> came to power in the late 14th century, the House of Savoy had gone through a series of gradual territorial expansions and he was elevated by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> to the Duke of Savoy in 1416.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1494.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/220px-Italy_1494.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/330px-Italy_1494.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/440px-Italy_1494.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3481" data-file-height="4167" /></a><figcaption>A map of Italy in 1494</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1494, <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII of France</a> passed through Savoy on his way to Italy and Naples, which initiated the <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1494%E2%80%9398" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian War of 1494–98">Italian War of 1494–98</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1521%E2%80%9326" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian War of 1521–26">Italian war of 1521–1526</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles V</a> stationed imperial troops in Savoy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1536, Francis I of France invaded Savoy and Piedmont, taking Turin by April of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallett230-231_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallett230-231-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles III, Duke of Savoy">Charles III</a>, Duke of Savoy, fled to Vercelli.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallett230-231_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallett230-231-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert</a> came to power in 1553 most of his family's territories were in French hands, so he offered to serve France's leading enemy the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>, in the hope of recovering his lands. He served <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a> as Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Netherlands</a> from 1555 to 1559.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this capacity, he led the Spanish invasion of northern France and won a victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1557)">St. Quentin</a> in 1557.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took advantage of various squabbles in Europe to slowly regain territory from both the French and the Spanish, including the city of Turin. He moved the capital of the duchy from <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> to Turin. </p><p>The 17th century brought about economic development to the Turin area and the House of Savoy took part in and benefitted from that. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II</a> developed the port of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and built a road through the Alps towards France. And through skillful political manoeuvres territorial expansion continued. In the early 18th century in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus</a> switched sides to assist the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> and, via the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>, they rewarded him with large pieces of land in northeastern Italy and a Crown in Sicily. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily_under_Savoy" title="Kingdom of Sicily under Savoy">Savoy rule over Sicily</a> lasted only seven years (1713–20). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Kingdom_of_Italy">The Kingdom of Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Kingdom of Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1796.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/220px-Italy_1796.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/330px-Italy_1796.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/440px-Italy_1796.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>A map of Italy in 1796</figcaption></figure> <p>The crown of Sicily, the prestige of being kings at last, and the wealth of <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> helped strengthen the House of Savoy further. In 1720, they were forced to exchange Sicily for Sardinia as a result of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Quadruple_Alliance" title="War of the Quadruple Alliance">War of the Quadruple Alliance</a>. On the mainland, the dynasty continued its expansionist policies as well. Through advantageous alliances during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel III</a> gained new lands at the expense of the Austrian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a>. </p><p>In 1792, Piedmont-Sardinia joined the <a href="/wiki/First_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="First Coalition">First Coalition</a> against the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a>. It was beaten in 1796 by Napoleon and forced to conclude the disadvantageous <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1796)" title="Treaty of Paris (1796)">Treaty of Paris (1796)</a>, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. In 1798, <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Joubert</a> occupied Turin and forced <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel IV</a> to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. Eventually, in 1814 the kingdom was restored and enlarged with the addition of the former <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>. </p><p>In the meantime, nationalist figures such as <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a> were influencing popular opinion. Mazzini believed that Italian unification could only be achieved through a popular uprising, but after the failure of the <a href="/wiki/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_States" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian States">1848 revolutions</a>, the Italian nationalists began to look to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> and its prime minister <a href="/wiki/Count_Cavour" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Cavour">Count Cavour</a> as leaders of the unification movement. In 1848, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert</a> conceded a constitution known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Statuto_Albertino" title="Statuto Albertino">Statuto Albertino</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Piedmont-Sardinia</a>, which remained the basis of the Kingdom's legal system even after <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> was achieved and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1861. </p><p>The Kingdom of Italy was the first Italian state to include the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a> since the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. But when <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy">Victor Emmanuel</a> was crowned King of Italy in 1861, his realm did not include the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Venetia</a> region (subject to <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> governance), <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> (with Rome), <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Papal</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>). Yet the House of Savoy continued to rule Italy for several decades, through the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian Independence wars</a> as <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> proceeded and even as the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> raged on in the early 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massacres">Massacres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Massacres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italia_1843-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Italia_1843-en.svg/220px-Italia_1843-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Italia_1843-en.svg/330px-Italia_1843-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Italia_1843-en.svg/440px-Italia_1843-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>A map of Italy in 1843</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Easter" title="Piedmontese Easter">Piedmontese Easter</a></div> <p>In April 1655, based on (perhaps false) reports of resistance by the <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> religious minority, to a plan to resettle them in remote mountain valleys, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II</a> ordered their general <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Easter" title="Piedmontese Easter">massacre</a>. The massacre was so brutal it aroused indignation throughout Europe. <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, then ruler in England, began petitioning on behalf of the Waldensians, writing letters, raising contributions, calling a general fast in England, and threatening to send military forces to the rescue. The massacre prompted <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s famous <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnet</a>, "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Late_Massacre_in_Piedmont" title="On the Late Massacre in Piedmont">On the Late Massacre in Piedmont</a>". </p><p>In 1898, the <a href="/wiki/Bava_Beccaris_massacre" title="Bava Beccaris massacre">Bava Beccaris massacre</a> in Milan involved the use of cannons against unarmed protesters (including women and the elderly) during riots over the rising price of bread. King <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a> of the House of Savoy congratulated General <a href="/wiki/Fiorenzo_Bava_Beccaris" title="Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris">Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris</a> for the massacre and decorated him with the medal of Great Official of Savoy Military Order, greatly outraging a large part of the public opinion. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a> was assassinated in July 1900 in <a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci" title="Gaetano Bresci">Gaetano Bresci</a>, the brother of one of the women massacred in the crowd, who had traveled back to Italy from the United States for the assassination. The king had previously been the target of failed assassination attempts by anarchists <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Passannante" title="Giovanni Passannante">Giovanni Passannante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Acciarito" title="Pietro Acciarito">Pietro Acciarito</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascism_and_end_of_monarchy">Fascism and end of monarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fascism and end of monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> ended, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> fell short of what had been promised in the <a href="/wiki/London_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="London Pact">London Pact</a> to Italy. As the economic conditions in Italy worsened after the war, popular resentment and along with it the seeds of <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> began to grow and resulted in the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a> by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>. </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Pietro Badoglio</a> advised King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a> that he could easily sweep Mussolini and his rag-tag <a href="/wiki/Blackshirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackshirt">Blackshirt</a> army to one side, but Victor Emmanuel decided to tolerate Mussolini and appointed him as prime minister on 28 October 1922. The king remained silent as Mussolini engaged in one abuse of power after another from 1924 onward, and did not intervene in 1925-26 when Mussolini dropped all pretense of democracy. By the end of 1928, the king's right to remove Mussolini from office was, at least theoretically, the only check on his power. Later, the King's failure, in the face of mounting evidence, to move against the Mussolini regime's abuses of power led to much criticism and had dire future consequences for Italy and for the monarchy itself. </p><p>Italy <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">conquered Ethiopia</a> in 1936 and Victor Emmanuel was crowned as Emperor of Ethiopia. He added the Albanian crown as well in 1939, but <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">lost Ethiopia</a> two years later, in 1941. However, as Mussolini and the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> failed in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> in 1943, several members of the Italian court began putting out feelers to the Allies, who in turn let it be known that Mussolini had to go. After Mussolini received a vote of no confidence from the <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Grand_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Grand Council">Fascist Grand Council</a> on 24 July, Victor Emmanuel dismissed him from office, relinquished the Ethiopian and Albanian crowns, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Pietro Badoglio</a> as prime minister. On 8 September the new government announced it had signed an armistice with the Allies five days earlier. However, Victor Emmanuel made another blunder when he and his government fled south to <a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brindisi</a>, leaving his army without orders. </p><p>As the Allies and the Resistance gradually chased the Nazis and Fascists off the peninsula, it became apparent that Victor Emmanuel was too tainted by his earlier support of Mussolini to have any postwar role. Accordingly, Victor Emmanuel transferred most of his powers to his son, Crown Prince Umberto, in April 1944. Rome was liberated two months later, and Victor Emmanuel transferred his remaining powers to Umberto and named him <a href="/wiki/Luogotenente" title="Luogotenente">Lieutenant General of the Realm</a>. Within a year, public opinion pushed for a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> to decide between retaining the monarchy or becoming a republic. On 9 May 1946, in a last-ditch attempt to save the monarchy, Victor Emmanuel formally abdicated in favour of his son, who became <a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II</a>. It did not work; the <a href="/wiki/Italian_constitutional_referendum,_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian constitutional referendum, 1946">Italian constitutional referendum, 1946</a> was won by republicans with 54% of the vote. Victor Emmanuel went into exile in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, dying there a year later. </p><p>On 12 June 1946, the Kingdom of Italy formally came to an end as Umberto transferred his powers to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alcide_de_Gasperi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcide de Gasperi">Alcide de Gasperi</a> and called for the Italian people to support the new republic. He then went into exile in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, never to return; he died in 1983. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of the Italian Republic</a>, the republican form of government <a href="/wiki/Entrenched_clause" title="Entrenched clause">cannot be changed by constitutional amendment</a>, thus forbidding any attempt to restore the monarchy short of adoption of an entirely new constitution. The constitution also forbade male descendants of the House of Savoy from entering Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provision was removed in 2002<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but as part of the deal to be allowed back into Italy, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples">Vittorio Emanuele</a>, the last claimant to the House of Savoy, renounced all claims to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Savoy_today">House of Savoy today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: House of Savoy today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Residences_of_the_Royal_House_of_Savoy" title="Residences of the Royal House of Savoy">Residences of the Royal House of Savoy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> and the neighbourhood are protected as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Although the titles and distinctions of the Italian royal family are not legally recognised by the Italian Republic, the remaining members of the House of Savoy, like dynasties of other <a href="/wiki/Abolished_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolished monarchy">abolished monarchies</a>, still use some of the various titles they acquired over the millennium of their reign prior to the republic's establishment, including Duke of Savoy; "Prince of Naples", previously conferred by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a> to be hereditary on his children and grandchildren; <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Prince of Piedmont">Prince of Piedmont</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aosta" title="Duke of Aosta">Duke of Aosta</a>. </p><p>Before, the leadership of the House of Savoy was contested by two cousins: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples">Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples</a>, who used to claim the title of King of Italy, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta_(b._1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (b. 1943)">Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a>, who claimed the title of Duke of Savoy. Their rivalry has not always been peaceful — on 21 May 2004, following a dinner held by King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> of Spain on the eve of the wedding of his son <a href="/wiki/Felipe,_Prince_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe, Prince of Asturias">Felipe, Prince of Asturias</a>, Vittorio Emanuele punched Amedeo twice in the face.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the activities of members of the House of Savoy have evoked media coverage disappointing to Italian royalists.<sup id="cite_ref-mcintosh_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcintosh-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1991, after thirteen years of legal proceedings, the <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <a href="/wiki/Assize_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Assize Court">Assize Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">acquitted</a> Vittorio Emanuele of the fatal wounding and <a href="/wiki/Unintentional_homicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Unintentional homicide">unintentional homicide</a> in August 1978 of <a href="/wiki/Ryke_Geerd_Hamer#Germanic_New_Medicine" title="Ryke Geerd Hamer">Dirk Hamer (who was shot and killed while asleep on a yacht off Cavallo)</a>, finding him guilty only of unauthorised possession of a firearm during the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 June 2006, Vittorio Emanuele was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Varenna" title="Varenna">Varenna</a> and imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a> on charges of <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a> and recruitment of prostitutes for clients of the <a href="/wiki/Casin%C3%B2_di_Campione" title="Casinò di Campione">Casinò di Campione</a> of <a href="/wiki/Campione_d%27Italia" title="Campione d'Italia">Campione d'Italia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After several days, Vittorio Emanuele was released and placed under house arrest instead.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released from house arrest on 20 July but was required to remain within the territory of the Republic. </p><p>When incarcerated in June 2006, Vittorio Emanuele was recorded admitting with regard to the killing of Dirk Hamer that "I was in the wrong, [...] but I must say I fooled them [the French judges]",<sup id="cite_ref-repubblicaJudges_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repubblicaJudges-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to a call from Hamer's sister Birgit for Vittorio Emanuele to be retried in Italy for the killing.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long legal fight, Birgit Hamer obtained the full video.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story was broken in the press by aristocratic journalist <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Borromeo" title="Beatrice Borromeo">Beatrice Borromeo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who also wrote the preface for a book on the murder <i>Delitto senza castigo</i> by Birgit Hamer. Vittorio Emanuele sued the newspaper for defamation, claiming the video had been manipulated. In 2015, a court judgement ruled in favor of the newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, lawyers representing Vittorio Emanuele and his son <a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto,_Prince_of_Venice_and_Piedmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice and Piedmont">Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy</a> wrote to Italian President <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a> seeking damages for their years in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a television interview, Emanuele Filiberto also requested that Roman landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Quirinale" class="mw-redirect" title="Quirinale">Quirinale</a> palace and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Ada" title="Villa Ada">Villa Ada</a> should be returned to the Savoy family.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Italian prime minister’s office has released a statement stating that the Savoys are not owed any damages and suggesting that Italy may demand damages from the Savoys for their collusion with <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian constitution contains a clause stripping the Savoys of their wealth on exile. Emanuele Filiberto acknowledged that his fiancée, whose pregnancy was revealed at the time of the couple's engagement, belonged to a more leftist milieu than his own, a fact which initially displeased his father.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judicially separated since 1976, civilly divorced in 1982, and their marriage religiously annulled in 1987, Amedeo of Aosta's first wife, Princess Claude d'Orléans, revealed that she was aware that her husband fathered a child by another woman during their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aosta acknowledged paternity of another child, born out-of-wedlock in 2006 during his second marriage, but agreed to contribute financially to the child's care only after being directed to do so by court order.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a> lineage of the House of Savoy was reduced to four males between 1996 and 2009. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Aimone of Savoy-Aosta</a> married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Olga,_Duchess_of_Apulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia">Princess Olga of Greece</a>, his second cousin, and they became the parents of sons Umberto and Amedeo born, respectively, in 2009 and 2011. </p><p>In 2019, Vittorio Emanuele issued a formal decree that modified the medieval law restricting succession to male heirs to place his granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Vittoria_of_Savoy" title="Princess Vittoria of Savoy">Vittoria Cristina Chiara Adelaide Marie</a>, in the line of succession. <a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Prince Aimone</a> declared the change illegitimate, meaning the title will remain in male succession and will transfer to the Savoy-Aosta branch led by Aimone.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, the House of Savoy has been in the process of trying to reclaim family jewels which have been owned by the Italian government since the abolition of the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vittorio Emanuele died in February 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orders_of_knighthood">Orders of knighthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Orders of knighthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of Savoy has held two <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_Orders_of_Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastic Orders of Knighthood">dynastic orders</a> since 1362<sup id="cite_ref-ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were brought into the Kingdom of Italy as national orders. Although the Kingdom ceased to exist in 1946, King Umberto II did not abdicate his role as <i><a href="/wiki/Fons_honorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fons honorum">fons honorum</a></i> over the two dynastic orders over which the family has long held sovereignty and grand mastership. Today, following the dispute, both <a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto_of_Savoy,_Prince_of_Venice" title="Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice">Prince Emanuele Filiberto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Prince Aimone</a> claim to be hereditary Sovereign and Grand Master of the following orders of the House of Savoy: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg/100px-Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg/150px-Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg/200px-Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation</a> (founded in 1362)<sup id="cite_ref-ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg/100px-Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg/150px-Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg/200px-Cavaliere_SSML_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a> (founded in 1572)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition to these, Vittorio Emanuele claims sovereignty over two more orders: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg/100px-Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg/150px-Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg/200px-Ordine_Civile_di_Savoia_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Order_of_Savoy" title="Civil Order of Savoy">Civil Order of Savoy</a> (founded in 1831)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg/100px-Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg/150px-Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg/200px-Cavaliere_OCI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy" title="Order of the Crown of Italy">Order of the Crown of Italy</a> (founded in 1868 and no longer bestowed;<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Merit of Savoy">Order of Merit of Savoy</a> in 1988)</li></ul> <p>In February 2006, all three of <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele,_Prince_of_Naples" title="Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples">Vittorio Emanuele</a>'s sisters (<a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Pia_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Maria Pia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Gabriella_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy">Princess Maria Gabriella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy">Princess Maria Beatrice</a>) resigned from the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a>, alleging that memberships in the orders had been sold to unworthy candidates, a newfound practice they could not abide.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_rulers">List of rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Savoy">List of rulers of Savoy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counts_of_Savoy">Counts of Savoy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Counts of Savoy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Humbert I of Savoy">Humbert I</a> "Biancamano" ("White hand"), Count 1003–1047/1048 (c. 972/975–1047/48) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus I of Savoy">Amadeus I</a>, Count 1048–1051 (d. c. 1052)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto of Savoy">Otto</a>, Count 1051–1060 (c. 1020–1060) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Savoy">Peter I</a>, Count 1060–1078 (1048/49–1078)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_II_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus II of Savoy">Amadeus II</a>, Count 1060–1080 (c. 1046–1080) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_II_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Humbert II of Savoy">Humbert II</a>, Count 1080–1103 (c. 1072–1103) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_III_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus III of Savoy">Amadeus III</a>, Count 1103–1148 (c. 1095–1148) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_III_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Humbert III of Savoy">Humbert III</a>, Count 1148–1189 (1136–1189) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas I of Savoy">Thomas I</a>, Count 1189–1233 (1178–1233) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IV_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus IV of Savoy">Amadeus IV</a>, Count 1233–1253 (1197–1253) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boniface,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Boniface, Count of Savoy">Boniface</a>, Count 1253–1263 (1244-1263)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Peter II, Count of Savoy">Peter II</a>, Count 1263–1268 (1203–1268)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Philip I, Count of Savoy">Philip I</a>, Count 1268–1285 (1207–1285)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Thomas, Count of Flanders">Thomas II</a>, regent 1253–1259 (1199-1259) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_V,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus V, Count of Savoy">Amadeus V</a>, Count 1285–1323 (1249–1323) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Edward, Count of Savoy">Edward I</a>, Count 1323–1329 (1284–1329)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimone,_Count_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimone, Count of Savoy">Aimone</a>, Count 1329–1343 (1291–1343) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VI,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy">Amadeus VI</a>, Count 1343–1383 (1334–1383) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VII,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy">Amadeus VII</a>, Count 1383–1391 (1360–1391) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Felix_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Felix V">Amadeus VIII</a>, Count 1391–1416 (1383–1451)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dukes_of_Savoy">Dukes of Savoy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dukes of Savoy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Felix_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Felix V">Amadeus VIII</a>, Duke of Savoy 1416–1434, Antipope Felix V 1439–1449 (1383–1451), abdicated (from both) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis I</a>, Duke of Savoy 1434–1465 (1413–1465) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IX,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy">Amadeus IX</a>, Duke of Savoy 1465–1472 (1435–1472) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert I, Duke of Savoy">Philibert I</a>, Duke of Savoy 1472–1482 (1465–1482)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles I, Duke of Savoy">Charles I</a>, Duke of Savoy 1482–1490 (1468–1490) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles II, Duke of Savoy">Charles (II) John Amadeus</a>, Duke of Savoy 1490–1496 (1490–1496)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philip II, Duke of Savoy">Philip II</a>, Duke of Savoy 1496–1497 (1438–1497) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert II, Duke of Savoy">Philibert II</a>, Duke of Savoy 1497–1504 (1480–1504)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles III, Duke of Savoy">Charles III</a>, Duke of Savoy 1504–1553 (1486–1553) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert</a>, Duke of Savoy 1553–1580 (1528–1580) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I</a>, Duke of Savoy 1580–1630 (1562–1630) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy">Victor Amadeus I</a>, Duke of Savoy 1630–1637 (1587–1637) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hyacinth,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy">Francis Hyacinth</a>, Duke of Savoy 1637–1638 (1632–1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II</a>, Duke of Savoy 1638–1675 (1634–1675) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus II</a>, Duke of Savoy 1675–1730, later King of Sicily then Sardinia (see below) (1666–1732), abdicated</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis</a>, 1st Prince of Carignano 1620–1656 (1596–1656), ancestor of all remaining dynasties</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Sicily">Kings of Sicily</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kings of Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus II</a>, King of Sicily 1713–1720 (1666–1732)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Sardinia">Kings of Sardinia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kings of Sardinia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)</a></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy 1580–1630 (1562–1630) <ul><li>Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy 1630–1637 (1587–1637) <ul><li>Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy 1638–1675 (1634–1675) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus II</a>, King of Sardinia 1720–1730 (1666–1732), abdicated <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel III</a>, King of Sardinia 1730–1773 (1701–1773) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus III</a>, King of Sardinia 1773–1796 (1726-1796) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel IV</a>, King of Sardinia 1796–1802 (1751–1819), abdicated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia">Victor Emmanuel I</a>, King of Sardinia 1802–1821 (1759–1824), abdicated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Felix_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Felix of Sardinia">Charles Felix</a>, King of Sardinia 1821–1831 (1765–1831)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis</a>, 1st Prince of Carignano 1620–1656 (1596–1656) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano">Emmanuel Philibert</a>, 2nd Prince of Carignano 1656–1709 (1628–1709) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus I</a>, 3rd Prince of Carignano 1709–1741 (1690–1741) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Victor,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano">Louis Victor</a>, 4th Prince of Carignano 1741–1778 (1721–1778) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus II</a>, 5th Prince of Carignano 1778–1780 (1743–1780) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano">Charles Emmanuel</a>, 6th Prince of Carignano 1780–1800 (1770–1800) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert</a>, 7th Prince of Carignano 1800–1831, King of Sardinia 1831–1849 (1798–1849), abdicated <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, King of Sardinia 1849–1861 (1820–1878)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Italy">Kings of Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kings of Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, King of Italy 1861–1878 (1820–1878) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a>, King of Italy 1878–1900 (1844–1900) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a>, King of Italy 1900–1946 (1869–1947), abdicated <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II</a>, King of Italy 1946 (1904–1983), deposed</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emperors_of_Ethiopia">Emperors of Ethiopia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Emperors of Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a>, Emperor of Ethiopia 1936–1941 (1869–1947) - contested by Emperor in exile <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Selassie I">Haile Selassie I</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Albania">Kings of Albania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Kings of Albania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1939–1943)">Albanian Kingdom (1939–1943)</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a>, King of Albania 1939–1943 (1869–1947)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Spain">Kings of Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kings of Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexenio_Democr%C3%A1tico" title="Sexenio Democrático">Sexenio Democrático</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo I</a>, King of Spain 1870–1873 (1845–1890), son of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_Croatia">World War II Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: World War II Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1941, in the fascist puppet state <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta</a>, grandson of <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo I of Spain</a>, was formally named as the king under the name <a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Tomislav II</a>, but never ruled in practice as he remained residing in Italy, and formally abdicated in 1943 when Italy ended participation with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Powers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus,_Jerusalem_and_Armenia"><span id="Cyprus.2C_Jerusalem_and_Armenia"></span>Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1396, the title and privileges of the final king of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levon_V_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Levon V of Armenia">Levon V</a>, were transferred to <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Cyprus" title="James I of Cyprus">James I</a>, his cousin and king of Cyprus. The title of King of Armenia was thus united with the titles of King of Cyprus and King of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title was held to the modern day by the House of Savoy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:lightgrey;">Family tree</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Male-line, legitimate, non-morganatic members of the house who either lived to adulthood, or who held a title as a child, are included. Heads of the house are in bold. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Humbert_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert I, Count of Savoy">Humbert I, Count of Savoy</a></b>, c. 972/975–1047/48 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus I, Count of Savoy">Amadeus I, Count of Savoy</a></b>, d. c. 1052 <ul><li>Humbert, d. before 1052</li> <li>Aymon, Bishop of Belley</li></ul></li> <li>Aymon, Bishop of Sion, d. 1054/5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_(bishop_of_Aosta)" title="Burchard (bishop of Aosta)">Burchard (bishop of Aosta)</a>, d. c. 1068</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Otto, Count of Savoy">Otto, Count of Savoy</a></b>, c. 1020–1060 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Peter I, Count of Savoy">Peter I, Count of Savoy</a></b>, c. 1048/49–1078</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus II, Count of Savoy">Amadeus II, Count of Savoy</a></b>, c. 1050–1080 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Humbert_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert II, Count of Savoy">Humbert II, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1065–1103 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_III,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus III, Count of Savoy">Amadeus III, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1095–1148 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Humbert_III,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert III, Count of Savoy">Humbert III, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1136–1189 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Thomas, Count of Savoy">Thomas, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1178–1233 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IV,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy">Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1197–1253 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Boniface,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Boniface, Count of Savoy">Boniface, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1244-1263</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Thomas, Count of Flanders">Thomas, Count of Flanders</a>, 1199-1259 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_III_of_Piedmont" title="Thomas III of Piedmont">Thomas III of Piedmont</a>, 1246-1282 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Piedmont" title="Philip I of Piedmont">Philip I of Piedmont</a>, 1278-1334 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_of_Piedmont" title="James of Piedmont">James of Piedmont</a>, 1315-1367 <ul><li>Philip II of Piedmont, d. 1368</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus,_Prince_of_Achaea" title="Amadeus, Prince of Achaea">Amadeus, Prince of Achaea</a>, 1363-1402</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Piedmont" title="Louis of Piedmont">Louis of Piedmont</a>, 1364-1418</li></ul></li> <li>Amadeus, Bishop of Maurienne, d. 1376</li> <li>Thomas, Bishop of Turin, d. 1360</li> <li>Edward, Archbishop of Tarentaise, d. 1395</li> <li>Aymon, d. 1398</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_V,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus V, Count of Savoy">Amadeus V, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1252–1323 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Edward, Count of Savoy">Edward, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1284–1329</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aymon,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Aymon, Count of Savoy">Aymon, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1291–1343 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VI,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy">Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1334–1383 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VII,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy">Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1360–1391 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VIII,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy">Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1383–1451 <ul><li>Amadeus of Savoy, 1412-1431</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1413–1465 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IX,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy">Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1435–1472 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Philibert_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert I, Duke of Savoy">Philibert I, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1465–1482</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles I, Duke of Savoy">Charles I, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1468–1490 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles II, Duke of Savoy">Charles II, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1489–1496</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Cyprus" title="Louis of Cyprus">Louis of Cyprus</a>, 1436-1482</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philip II, Duke of Savoy">Philip II, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1438–1497 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Philibert_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert II, Duke of Savoy">Philibert II, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1480–1504</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles III, Duke of Savoy">Charles III, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1486–1553 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1528–1580 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1562–1630 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Philip Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont">Philip Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont</a>, 1586-1605</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy">Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1587–1637 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hyacinth,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy">Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1632–1638</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy</a></b>, 1634–1675 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus II</a></b>, 1666–1732 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus,_Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont">Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont</a>, 1699-1715</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_III" title="Charles Emmanuel III">Charles Emmanuel III</a></b>, 1701–1773 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III" title="Victor Amadeus III">Victor Amadeus III</a></b>, 1726-1796 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV" title="Charles Emmanuel IV">Charles Emmanuel IV</a></b>, 1751–1819</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I" title="Victor Emmanuel I">Victor Emmanuel I</a></b>, 1759–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurizio,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat">Prince Maurice, Duke of Montferrat</a>, 1762-1799</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Felix_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Felix of Sardinia">Charles Felix of Sardinia</a></b>, 1765–1831</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Giuseppe,_Count_of_Asti" title="Prince Giuseppe, Count of Asti">Prince Joseph, Count of Asti</a>, 1766-1802</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Benedetto,_Duke_of_Chablais" title="Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais">Prince Benedict, Duke of Chablais</a>, 1741-1808</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert_of_Savoy_(1588%E2%80%931624)" title="Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (1588–1624)">Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy</a>, 1588-1624</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Savoy" title="Prince Maurice of Savoy">Prince Maurice of Savoy</a>, 1593-1657</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano</a>, 1596–1656 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano">Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano</a>, 1628–1709 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano</a>, 1690–1741 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Victor,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano">Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano</a>, 1721–1778 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano</a>, 1743–1780 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano">Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano</a>, 1770–1800 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a></b>, 1798–1849 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a></b>, 1820–1878 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Humbert I of Italy</a></b>, 1844–1900 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III" title="Victor Emmanuel III">Victor Emmanuel III</a></b>, 1869–1947 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Humbert II of Italy</a></b>, 1904–1983 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele,_Prince_of_Naples" title="Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples">Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples</a></b>, 1937-2024 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto_of_Savoy,_Prince_of_Venice" title="Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice">Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, Prince of Venice</a></b>, b. 1972</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeus I of Spain</a>, 1845–1890 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emanuele_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta">Prince Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Aosta</a>, 1869-1931 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta">Prince Amadeus, Duke of Aosta</a>, 1898-1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Prince Aymon, Duke of Aosta</a>, 1900-1948 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta_(1943%E2%80%932021)" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)">Prince Amadeus, Duke of Aosta</a>, 1943-2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Aymon of Savoy-Aosta</a>, b. 1967 <ul><li>Prince Humbert of Savoy-Aosta, b. 2009</li> <li>Prince Amadeus Michael of Savoy-Aosta, b. 2011</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vittorio_Emanuele,_Count_of_Turin" title="Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin">Prince Victor Emmanuel, Count of Turin</a>, 1870-1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Prince Louis Amadeus, Duke of the Abruzzi</a>, 1873-1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Umberto,_Count_of_Salemi" title="Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi">Prince Humbert, Count of Salemi</a>, 1889-1918</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oddone,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat">Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat</a>, 1846-1866</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinando,_Duke_of_Genoa_(1822%E2%80%931855)" title="Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1822–1855)">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa</a>, 1822-1855 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Tommaso,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa">Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa</a>, 1854-1931 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinando,_Duke_of_Genoa_(1884%E2%80%931963)" title="Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1884–1963)">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa</a>, 1884-1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Filiberto, Duke of Genoa">Prince Philibert, Duke of Genoa</a>, 1895-1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Adalberto,_Duke_of_Bergamo" title="Prince Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo">Prince Adalbert, Duke of Bergamo</a>, 1898-1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugenio,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Eugenio, Duke of Genoa">Prince Eugene, Duke of Genoa</a>, 1906-1996</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio,_Count_of_Villafranca" title="Eugenio, Count of Villafranca">Eugene, Count of Villafranca</a>, 1753-1785</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Thomas Philip Gaston of Savoy, 1692-1715</li></ul></li> <li>Prince Joseph Emmanuel of Savoy, Count of Soissons, 1631-1656</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Maurice,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons">Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons</a>, 1635-1673 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons">Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons</a>, 1657-1702 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Savoy-Carignan" title="Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan">Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan</a>, 1687-1729 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Jean,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons">Eugene John, Count of Soissons</a>, 1714-1734</li></ul></li> <li>Prince Maurice of Savoy, 1690–1710</li> <li>Prince Eugene of Savoy, 1692–1712</li></ul></li> <li>Philip, Abbot of Soissons, 1659–1693</li> <li>Louis Jules, Knight of Savoy, 1660–1683</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy" title="Prince Eugene of Savoy">Prince Eugene of Savoy</a>, 1663-1736</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Philip, Duke of Nemours">Philip, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1490-1533 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Jacques de Savoie, Duke of Nemours">James of Savoy, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1531-1585 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Emmanuel de Savoie, Duke of Nemours">Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1567-1595</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri I, Duke of Nemours">Henry I, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1572-1632 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Louis I, Duke of Nemours">Louis I, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1615-1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Amadeus,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours">Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1624-1652</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_II,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri II, Duke of Nemours">Henry II, Duke of Nemours</a>, 1625-1659</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Peter, Archbishop of Tarentasia, 1440–1458</li> <li>Janus, Count of Faucigny and Geneva, 1440-1491</li> <li>John Louis, Bishop of Geneva, 1447-1482</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_of_Savoy,_Count_of_Romont" title="Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont">Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont</a>, 1450-1486</li> <li>Francis, Archbishop of Auch, 1454–1490</li></ul></li> <li>Philip of Savoy, Count of Geneva, 1417-1444</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Vaud" title="Louis I of Vaud">Louis I of Vaud</a>, 1250-1302 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Vaud" title="Louis II of Vaud">Louis II of Vaud</a>, c. 1290-1348</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Aymon, Lord of Chablais, d. 1237</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Savoy" title="William of Savoy">William of Savoy</a>, d. 1239</li> <li>Amadeus, Bishop of Maurienne</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Peter II, Count of Savoy">Peter II, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1203–1268</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Philip I, Count of Savoy">Philip I, Count of Savoy</a></b>, 1207–1285</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Savoy_(bishop)" title="Boniface of Savoy (bishop)">Boniface of Savoy (bishop)</a>, 1207-1270</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>John</li> <li>Peter</li> <li>William</li></ul></li> <li>William, Bishop of Liège</li> <li>Umberto</li> <li>Reginald</li> <li>Guy, abbot of Namur</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Otto</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Sardinia">Titles of the Crown of Sardinia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Titles of the Crown of Sardinia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SardiniePiemont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/SardiniePiemont.jpg/280px-SardiniePiemont.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/SardiniePiemont.jpg/420px-SardiniePiemont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/SardiniePiemont.jpg/560px-SardiniePiemont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>VITTORIO AMEDEO III, per la grazia di Dio Re di Sardegna, Cipro, Gerusalemme e Armenia; Duca di Savoia, Monferrato, Chablais, Aosta e Genevese; Principe di Piemonte ed Oneglia; Marchese in Italia, di Saluzzo, Susa, Ivrea, Ceva, Maro, Oristano, Sezana; Conte di Moriana, Nizza, Tenda, Asti, Alessandria, Goceano; Barone di Vaud e di Faucigny; Signore di Vercelli, Pinerolo, Tarantasia, Lumellino, Val di Sesia; Principe e Vicario perpetuo del Sacro Romano Impero in Italia.</i> </p><p>The English translation is: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III" title="Victor Amadeus III">Victor Amadeus III</a>, <a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">by the Grace of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenia</a>, Duke of Savoy, <a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Montferrat">Montferrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aosta" title="Duke of Aosta">Aosta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genevois_(province)" title="Genevois (province)">Genevois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oneglia" title="Oneglia">Oneglia</a>, Marquis (of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>) in Italy, of <a href="/wiki/Saluzzo" title="Saluzzo">Saluzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Susa" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Susa">Susa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceva" title="Ceva">Ceva</a>, Maro, <a href="/wiki/Oristano" title="Oristano">Oristano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cesana_Torinese" title="Cesana Torinese">Sezana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Maurienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Maurienne">Count of Maurienne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tende" title="Tende">Tende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Goceano" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Goceano">Goceano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faucigny" title="Faucigny">Faucigny</a>, Lord of <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%BBtiers" title="Moûtiers">Tarentaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomellina" title="Lomellina">Lumellino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valsesia" title="Valsesia">Val di Sesia</a>, Prince and perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire in Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles_of_the_Crown_of_Italy">Titles of the Crown of Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Titles of the Crown of Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, <a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">by the Grace of God</a> and the Will of the Nation, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Maurienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Maurienne">Count of Maurienne</a>, Marquis (of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>) in Italy; Prince of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carignano,_Piedmont" title="Carignano, Piedmont">Carignano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oneglia" title="Oneglia">Oneglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poirino" title="Poirino">Poirino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trino,_Piedmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Trino, Piedmont">Trino</a>; Prince and Perpetual vicar of the Holy Roman Empire; Prince of <a href="/wiki/Carmagnola" title="Carmagnola">Carmagnola</a>, Montmellian with Arbin and Francin, Prince <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiff</a> of the Duchy of <a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Prince of <a href="/wiki/Chieri" title="Chieri">Chieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dronero" title="Dronero">Dronero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crescentino" title="Crescentino">Crescentino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riva_presso_Chieri" title="Riva presso Chieri">Riva di Chieri</a> e Banna, <a href="/wiki/Busca,_Piedmont" title="Busca, Piedmont">Busca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bene_Vagienna" title="Bene Vagienna">Bene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bra,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bra, Italy">Brà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Genoa" title="Duke of Genoa">Duke of Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Montferrat">Monferrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Duke of <a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genevois_(province)" title="Genevois (province)">Genevois</a>, Duke of <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis">Marquis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saluzzo" title="Saluzzo">Saluzzo</a> (Saluces), <a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Susa" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Susa">Susa</a>, del Maro, <a href="/wiki/Oristano" title="Oristano">Oristano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cesana_Torinese" title="Cesana Torinese">Cesana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savona" title="Savona">Savona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%BBtiers" title="Moûtiers">Tarantasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borgomanero" title="Borgomanero">Borgomanero</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cureggio" title="Cureggio">Cureggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caselle_Torinese" title="Caselle Torinese">Caselle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rivoli_(TO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivoli (TO)">Rivoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pianezza" title="Pianezza">Pianezza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Govone" title="Govone">Govone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salussola" title="Salussola">Salussola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racconigi" title="Racconigi">Racconigi</a> con Tegerone, Migliabruna e Motturone, <a href="/wiki/Cavallermaggiore" title="Cavallermaggiore">Cavallermaggiore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marene" title="Marene">Marene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modane" title="Modane">Modane</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lanslebourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanslebourg">Lanslebourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livorno_Ferraris" title="Livorno Ferraris">Livorno Ferraris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santhi%C3%A0" title="Santhià">Santhià</a> <a href="/wiki/Agli%C3%A8" title="Agliè">Agliè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centallo" title="Centallo">Centallo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Demonte" title="Demonte">Demonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desana" title="Desana">Desana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghemme" title="Ghemme">Ghemme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vigone" title="Vigone">Vigone</a>, Count of <a href="/wiki/Barge_(CN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barge (CN)">Barge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villafranca_Piemonte" title="Villafranca Piemonte">Villafranca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Ginevra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tende" title="Tende">Tenda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romont" title="Romont">Romont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Goceano" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Goceano">del Goceano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortona" title="Tortona">Tortona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobbio" title="Bobbio">Bobbio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soissons" title="Soissons">Soissons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollenzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollenzo">Pollenzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roccabruna" title="Roccabruna">Roccabruna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricerro" title="Tricerro">Tricerro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bairo" title="Bairo">Bairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozegna" title="Ozegna">Ozegna</a>, delle Apertole, <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Faucigny" title="Faucigny">Faucigni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lord</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a>, della <a href="/wiki/Lomellina" title="Lomellina">Lomellina</a>, della <a href="/wiki/Valsesia" title="Valsesia">Valle Sesia</a>, del marchesato di <a href="/wiki/Ceva" title="Ceva">Ceva</a>, Overlord of <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roccabruna</a> and 11/12th of <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, Noble <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patrician</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, patrician of <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>. </p><p>These titles were used during the unified Kingdom of Italy which lasted from 1860–1946.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aosta" title="Duke of Aosta">Duke of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Villafranca" title="Counts of Villafranca">Counts of Villafranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Genoa" title="Duke of Genoa">Duke of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Savoy">List of rulers of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of consorts of Savoy">List of consorts of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sardinia">List of monarchs of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sardinian_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sardinian consorts">List of Sardinian consorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_queens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian queens">List of Italian queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Savoy" title="History of Savoy">History of Savoy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queen consort</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ginsborg, Paul. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uhgRA9j9FOwC&dq=italy+referendum+1946&pg=PA98">A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943–1988</a></i>, pg 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCox1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Cox, Eugene (1999). McKitterick, Rosamond; Abulafia, David (eds.). <i>The kingdom of Burgundy, the land of the house of Savoy and adjacent territories</i>. The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 5, C.1198–C.1300. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 365–366.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+kingdom+of+Burgundy%2C+the+land+of+the+house+of+Savoy+and+adjacent+territories&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pages=365-366&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Savoy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Savoy">"Savoy" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Savoy&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Administrative charters of Humbert's family are studied in the thesis Laurent Ripart, « Les fondements idéologiques du pouvoir des comtes de la maison de Savoie (de la fin du Xe au début du XIIIe siècle) », Université de Nice, 1999, 3 volumes, Tome II, p. 496-695.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDucourthial2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ducourthial, Cyrille (2008). "Géographie du pouvoir en pays de Savoie au tournant de l'an mil". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/b/b071315.pdf"><i>Le royaume de Bourgogne autour de l'an mil</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Université de Savoie. pp. 223–225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2915797350" title="Special:BookSources/978-2915797350"><bdi>978-2915797350</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G%C3%A9ographie+du+pouvoir+en+pays+de+Savoie+au+tournant+de+l%E2%80%99an+mil&rft.btitle=Le+royaume+de+Bourgogne+autour+de+l%27an+mil&rft.pages=223-225&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+de+Savoie&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2915797350&rft.aulast=Ducourthial&rft.aufirst=Cyrille&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mgh-bibliothek.de%2Fdokumente%2Fb%2Fb071315.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Piedmont"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Piedmont">"Piedmont" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Piedmont&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Introduction:The Sabaudian Lands and Sabaudian Studies</i>, Matthew Vester, Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700), ed. Matthew Vester, (Truman State University Press, 2013), 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sabaudian Studies</i>, Matthew Vester, Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700), (Truman State University Press, 2013), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, <i>The Italian Wars, 1494-1559</i>, (Pearson Educational Limited, 2012), 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallett230-231-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mallett230-231_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallett230-231_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, <i>The Italian Wars, 1494-1559</i>, 230-231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Kamen, <i>Philip of Spain</i>, (Yale University Press, 1997), 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Kamen, <i>Philip of Spain</i>, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In order to prevail the thirteenth final provision of the Italian Constitution ( ... ) international law provides for the special instrument of "reserves" duly stamped by the Italian State at the time of its instrument of ratification deposit of the fourth Protocol" ECHR: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuonomo2000" class="citation journal cs1">Buonomo, Giampiero (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211140818/https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89298424">"Né l'Unione europea, né i diritti dell'uomo possono aprire le frontiere a Casa Savoia"</a>. <i>Diritto&Giustizia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89298424">the original</a> on 2019-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diritto%26Giustizia&rft.atitle=N%C3%A9+l%27Unione+europea%2C+n%C3%A9+i+diritti+dell%27uomo+possono+aprire+le+frontiere+a+Casa+Savoia&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Buonomo&rft.aufirst=Giampiero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fprojects%23%21%2Fproject%2F89298424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuonomo" class="citation journal cs1">Buonomo, Giampiero. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11452824">"Sull'esilio dei Savoia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sull%27esilio+dei+Savoia&rft.aulast=Buonomo&rft.aufirst=Giampiero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11452824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/may/29/spain.johnhooper">"Right royal punch-up at Spanish prince's wedding"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 2024-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ordini+Dinastici+della+Real+Casa+Savoia&rft.atitle=Ordine+della+Corona+d%27Italia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it%2F%3Ftitolo%3DOrdine%2Bdella%2BCorona%2Bd%2BItalia%26cat%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooper2006" class="citation news cs1">Hooper, John (23 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/italy/story/0,,1804072,00.html">"The fall of the house of Savoy"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+fall+of+the+house+of+Savoy&rft.date=2006-06-23&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fitaly%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1804072%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/savoy/savoy3.html">"Savoy 3"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savoy+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogy.euweb.cz%2Fsavoy%2Fsavoy3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/savoy/savoy4.html">"Savoy 4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savoy+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogy.euweb.cz%2Fsavoy%2Fsavoy4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/savoy/savoy5.html">"Savoy 5"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savoy+5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogy.euweb.cz%2Fsavoy%2Fsavoy5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/savoy/savoy6.html">"Savoy 6"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savoy+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogy.euweb.cz%2Fsavoy%2Fsavoy6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadjilyra2009" class="citation book cs1">Hadjilyra, Alexander-Michael (2009). <i>The Armenians of Cyprus</i>. New York: Kalaydjian Foundation. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenians+of+Cyprus&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Kalaydjian+Foundation&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Hadjilyra&rft.aufirst=Alexander-Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelde" class="citation web cs1">Velde, Francois R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heraldica.org/topics/royalty/royalstyle.htm#italy">"Royal Styles"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Styles&rft.aulast=Velde&rft.aufirst=Francois+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Froyalty%2Froyalstyle.htm%23italy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Savoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Francesco Cognasso: <i>I Savoia nella politica europea</i>. Milano, 1941 (Storia e politica).</li> <li>Robert Katz: <i>The Fall of the House of Savoy. A Study in the Relevance of the Commonplace or the Vulgarity of History</i>, London 1972.</li> <li>Eugene L. Cox: <i>The Eagles of Savoy. The House of Savoy in thirteenth-century Europe</i>. Princeton, N.J., 1974.</li> <li>Denis Mack Smith: <i>Italy and its Monarchy</i>, New Haven, 1992.</li> <li>Toby Osborne: <i>Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy. Political Culture and the Thirty Years' War</i> (Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture), Cambridge 2002.</li> <li>Paolo Cozzo: <i>La geografia celeste dei duchi di Savoia. Religione, devozioni e sacralità in uno Stato di età moderna (secoli XVI-XVII)</i>, Bologna, il Mulino, 2006, 370 pp.</li> <li>Enrico Castelnuovo (a cura di): <i>La Reggia di Venaria e i Savoia. Arte, magnificenza e storia di una corte europea</i>. Vol. 1–2. Turin, Umberto Allemandi & C., 2007, 364 + 309 pp.</li> <li>Walter Barberis (a cura di): <i>I Savoia. I secoli d'oro di una dinastia eu</i>ropea. Torino, Giulio Einaudi Editore, 2007, 248 pp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Savoy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_Savoy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Savoy" title="Template:Princes of Savoy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Savoy" title="Template talk:Princes of Savoy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Savoy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Savoy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Savoy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princes of Savoy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Piedmont" title="Philip I of Piedmont">Philip I, Prince of Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IX,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy">Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Cyprus" title="Louis of Cyprus">Louis, Count of Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philip II, Duke of Savoy">Philip II, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_of_Savoy,_Count_of_Romont" title="Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont">Jacques, Count of Romont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert I, Duke of Savoy">Philibert I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles I, Duke of Savoy">Charles I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philibert II, Duke of Savoy">Philibert II, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles III, Duke of Savoy">Charles III, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Philip, Duke of Nemours">Philip, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Jacques de Savoie, Duke of Nemours">Jacques, Duke of Nemours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy">Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Emmanuel de Savoie, Duke of Nemours">Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri I, Duke of Nemours">Henri, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Savoy" title="Prince Maurice of Savoy">Prince Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert_of_Savoy_(1588%E2%80%931624)" title="Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (1588–1624)">Prince Emmanuel Filibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hyacinth,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy">Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano">Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Maurice,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons">Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Louis I, Duke of Nemours">Louis I, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Amadeus,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours">Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_II,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Henri II, Duke of Nemours">Henri II, Duke of Nemours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons">Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy" title="Prince Eugene of Savoy">Prince Eugene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus,_Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont">Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_III" title="Charles Emmanuel III">Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Victor,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano">Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio,_Count_of_Villafranca" title="Eugenio, Count of Villafranca">Eugenio, Count of Villafranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Savoy-Carignan" title="Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan">Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vittorio_Amedeo_Teodoro,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta">Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III" title="Victor Amadeus III">Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emanuele_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Aosta_(1731%E2%80%931735)" title="Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta (1731–1735)">Prince Emanuele Filiberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlo_Francesco,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta">Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Benedetto,_Duke_of_Chablais" title="Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais">Benedetto, Duke of Chablais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Jean,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons">Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV" title="Charles Emmanuel IV">Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Alexander_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus Alexander of Savoy">Amadeus Alexander, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I" title="Victor Emmanuel I">Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurizio,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat">Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Felix_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Felix of Sardinia">Charles Felix I of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Giuseppe,_Count_of_Asti" title="Prince Giuseppe, Count of Asti">Giuseppe, Count of Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano">Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert I of Sardinia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinando,_Duke_of_Genoa_(1822%E2%80%931855)" title="Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1822–1855)">Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo I of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oddone,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat">Oddone, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Tommaso,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa">Tommaso, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III" title="Victor Emmanuel III">Victor Emmanuel III of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emanuele_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta">Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vittorio_Emanuele,_Count_of_Turin" title="Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin">Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Umberto,_Count_of_Salemi" title="Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi">Umberto, Count of Salemi</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinando,_Duke_of_Genoa_(1884%E2%80%931963)" title="Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1884–1963)">Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Filiberto,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Filiberto, Duke of Genoa">Filiberto, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Adalberto,_Duke_of_Bergamo" title="Prince Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo">Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugenio,_Duke_of_Genoa" title="Prince Eugenio, Duke of Genoa">Eugenio, Duke of Genoa</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">Umberto II of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta">Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Aimone, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele,_Prince_of_Naples" title="Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples">Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta_(1943%E2%80%932021)" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)">Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto_of_Savoy,_Prince_of_Venice" title="Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice">Prince Emanuele Filiberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimone_di_Savoia_Aosta_(born_1967)" title="Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)">Prince Aimone</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*member of a cadet branch of the House of Savoy</i><br />** <i>Prince of Savoy-Genoa</i><br />*** <i>Prince of Savoy-Aosta</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princesses_of_Savoy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Savoy" title="Template:Princesses of Savoy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_Savoy" title="Template talk:Princesses of Savoy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_Savoy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of Savoy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_Savoy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princesses of Savoy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Savoy,_Duchess_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou">Margherita, Duchess of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Savoy,_Countess_of_Saint-Pol" title="Margaret of Savoy, Countess of Saint-Pol">Margherita, Countess of Saint-Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Savoy" title="Charlotte of Savoy">Charlotte, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_of_Savoy" title="Bona of Savoy">Bona, Duchess of Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Savoy_(nun)" title="Louise of Savoy (nun)">Princess Louise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Savoy" title="Louise of Savoy">Louise, Duchess of Nemours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Savoy,_Vicereine_of_Portugal" title="Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal">Margherita, Vicereine of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Savoy" title="Isabella of Savoy">Isabella, Hereditary Princess of Modena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_Cristina_of_Savoy" title="Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy">Luisa Cristina, Princess Maurice of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_Yolande_of_Savoy" title="Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy">Margherita Violante, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Henriette_Adelaide_of_Savoy" title="Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy">Henriette Adelaide, Electress of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Catherine_Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy">Princess Catherine Beatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Savoy" title="Princess Louise of Savoy">Louise, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jeanne_Baptiste_of_Savoy-Nemours" title="Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours">Marie Jeanne, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Francisca_of_Savoy" title="Maria Francisca of Savoy">Marie Françoise, Queen of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_Savoy" title="Marie Adélaïde of Savoy">Maria Adelaide, Dauphine of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_Gabriella_of_Savoy" title="Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy">Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Princess Anna Theresa of Savoy">Anne Thérèse, Princess of Soubise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Eleonora_of_Savoy" title="Princess Eleonora of Savoy">Princess Eleonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Luisa_of_Savoy_(1729%E2%80%931767)" title="Princess Maria Luisa of Savoy (1729–1767)">Princess Maria Luisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Felicita_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Felicita of Savoy">Princess Maria Felicita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Vittoria_Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Vittoria Margherita of Savoy">Princess Maria Vittoria Margherita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Leopoldina_of_Savoy" title="Princess Leopoldina of Savoy">Leopoldina, Princess of Melfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Maria Luisa, Princess of Lamballe</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_Victoria_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy">Maria Anna Victoria, Duchess in Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabetta_Carlotta_of_Savoy" title="Maria Elisabetta Carlotta of Savoy">Princess Maria Elisabetta Carlotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Marie Joséphine, Countess of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Maria Theresa of Savoy">Maria Teresa, Countess of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Savoy,_Duchess_of_Chablais" title="Maria Anna of Savoy, Duchess of Chablais">Maria Anna, Duchess of Chablais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Carolina_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Carolina of Savoy">Maria Carolina, Electoral Princess of Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Maria Beatrice of Savoy">Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Savoy" title="Maria Anna of Savoy">Maria Anna, Empress of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_Savoy_(1803%E2%80%931879)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879)">Maria Teresa, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_of_Savoy" title="Maria Cristina of Savoy">Maria Cristina, Queen of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Savoy" title="Princess Elisabeth of Savoy">Elisabeth, Archduchess of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Vittoria_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Vittoria of Savoy">Maria Vittoria, Countess of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Clotilde_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy">Maria Clotilde, Princess Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_of_Savoy" title="Maria Pia of Savoy">Maria Pia, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Margherita of Savoy">Margherita, Queen of Italy</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Bona_of_Savoy-Genoa" title="Princess Maria Bona of Savoy-Genoa">Bona Margherita, Princess Konrad of Bavaria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Adelaide_of_Savoy-Genoa" title="Princess Adelaide of Savoy-Genoa">Adelaide, Princess Leone Massimo</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Yolanda_of_Savoy" title="Princess Yolanda of Savoy">Princess Yolanda, Countess of Bergolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mafalda_of_Savoy" title="Princess Mafalda of Savoy">Mafalda, Landgravine of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanna_of_Savoy" title="Giovanna of Savoy">Giovanna, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Francesca_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy">Maria Francesca, Princess Luis of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Pia_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma">Maria Pia, Princess Michael of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Gabriella_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy">Princess Maria Gabriella, Mrs Zellinger de Balkany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy">Princess Maria Beatrice, Mrs Reyna-Corvalán y Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita,_Archduchess_of_Austria-Este" title="Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este">Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Vittoria_of_Savoy" title="Princess Vittoria of Savoy">Princess Vittoria of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>* <i>Princess of Savoy-Genoa</i></small><br /><small>** <i>Princess of Savoy-Aosta</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_houses_of_Cyprus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal houses of Cyprus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_houses_of_Cyprus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Royal houses</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lusignan" title="House of Lusignan">Lusignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands#The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_royal_family" title="Norwegian royal family">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-reigning <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretenders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Zogu" title="House of Zogu">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_royal_family" title="Bulgarian royal family">Bulgaria</a></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_royal_family" title="Greek royal family">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Urach" title="House of Urach">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_dynasty" title="Petrović-Njegoš dynasty">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza" title="House of Braganza">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_royal_family" title="Romanian royal family">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unification_of_Italy_(Risorgimento)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Risorgimento" title="Template:Risorgimento"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Risorgimento" title="Template talk:Risorgimento"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Risorgimento" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Risorgimento"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unification_of_Italy_(Risorgimento)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy (<i>Risorgimento</i>)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Pre-unitary states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Savoy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_(Baldassare_Verazzi).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Five Days of Milan"><img alt="Five Days of Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/150px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/225px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/300px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2583" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Italian unification">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimini_Proclamation" title="Rimini Proclamation">Rimini Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_during_the_1820s" title="Revolutions during the 1820s">Revolutions during the 1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1830" title="Revolutions of 1830">Revolutions of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Italy_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Italy (historical)">Young Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Guelphism" title="Neo-Guelphism">Neo-Guelphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states">Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_San_Marco" title="Republic of San Marco">Republic of San Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilatero" title="Quadrilatero">Quadrilatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_of_Milan" title="Five Days of Milan">Five Days of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mestre" title="Battle of Mestre">Sortie on Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_revolution_of_1848" title="Sicilian revolution of 1848">Sicilian revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Brescia" title="Ten Days of Brescia">Ten Days of Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfiore_martyrs" title="Belfiore martyrs">Belfiore martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War#Piedmontese_involvement" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res_Agreement" title="Plombières Agreement">Plombières Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Central_Italy" title="United Provinces of Central Italy">United Provinces of Central Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Garibaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictatorship of Garibaldi">Dictatorship of Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigandage_in_Southern_Italy_after_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861">Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Question">Roman Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Guarantees" title="Law of Guarantees">Law of Guarantees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italian entry into World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Regency_of_Carnaro" title="Italian Regency of Carnaro">Impresa di Fiume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_Italy" title="Cockade of Italy">Cockade of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_d%27Azeglio" title="Massimo d'Azeglio">Massimo d'Azeglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Bertani" title="Agostino Bertani">Agostino Bertani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Ceretti" title="Celso Ceretti">Celso Ceretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Confalonieri" title="Federico Confalonieri">Federico Confalonieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Francesco Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Manin" title="Daniele Manin">Daniele Manin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Bettino Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Saffi" title="Aurelio Saffi">Aurelio Saffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Santorre_di_Rossi_de_Pomarolo,_Count_of_Santarosa" title="Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa">Annibale Santore di Santarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Settimo" title="Ruggero Settimo">Ruggero Settimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature and philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Arrivabene" title="Giovanni Arrivabene">Giovanni Arrivabene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Balbo" title="Cesare Balbo">Cesare Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cattaneo" title="Carlo Cattaneo">Carlo Cattaneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Cavallotti" title="Felice Cavallotti">Felice Cavallotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Cuoco" title="Vincenzo Cuoco">Vincenzo Cuoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ferrari_(philosopher)" title="Giuseppe Ferrari (philosopher)">Giuseppe Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gioberti" title="Vincenzo Gioberti">Vincenzo Gioberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Domenico_Guerrazzi" title="Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi">Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Lomonaco" title="Francesco Lomonaco">Francesco Lomonaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Mameli" title="Goffredo Mameli">Goffredo Mameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippolito_Nievo" title="Ippolito Nievo">Ippolito Nievo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Pellico" title="Silvio Pellico">Silvio Pellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Pisacane" title="Carlo Pisacane">Carlo Pisacane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Salfi" title="Francesco Saverio Salfi">Francesco Saverio Salfi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis II of the Two Sicilies">Francis II of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Radetzky_von_Radetz" title="Joseph Radetzky von Radetz">Joseph Radetzky von Radetz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento,_Bologna" title="Museum of the Risorgimento, Bologna">Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Milan)" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)">Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)">Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Turin)" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)">Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flag_Museum" title="Tricolour Flag Museum">Tricolour Flag Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy" title="Anniversary of the Unification of Italy">Anniversary of the Unification of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day" title="National Unity and Armed Forces Day">National Unity and Armed Forces Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altare_della_Patria" class="mw-redirect" title="Altare della Patria">Altare della Patria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">Italian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshirts_(Italy)" title="Redshirts (Italy)">Redshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_of_Risorgimento" title="Revisionism of Risorgimento">Revisionism of Risorgimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Rome">Third Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shroud_of_Turin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Template:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Template talk:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shroud_of_Turin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="History of the Shroud of Turin">History of the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondo_Pia" title="Secondo Pia">Secondo Pia, photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin">Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turin_plasch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg/100px-Turin_plasch.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Holy_Shroud" title="Chapel of the Holy Shroud">Chapel of the Holy Shroud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Turin" title="Royal Palace of Turin">Royal Palace of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Cathedral" title="Turin Cathedral">Turin Cathedral</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin_Research_Project" title="Shroud of Turin Research Project">Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin">Radiocarbon dating of the shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8_Image_Analyzer" title="VP8 Image Analyzer">VP8 Image Analyzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Barbet_(physician)" title="Pierre Barbet (physician)">Pierre Barbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Chevalier" title="Ulysse Chevalier">Ulysse Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Delage" title="Yves Delage">Yves Delage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Frale" title="Barbara Frale">Barbara Frale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_McCrone" title="Walter McCrone">Walter McCrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Picknett" title="Lynn Picknett">Lynn Picknett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Rogers" title="Raymond Rogers">Raymond Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_H._Wiebe" title="Phillip H. Wiebe">Phillip H. Wiebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilson_(author)" title="Ian Wilson (author)">Ian Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Zugibe" title="Frederick Zugibe">Frederick Zugibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theories_about_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin">Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Image of Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_Codex" title="Pray Codex">Pray Codex</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics associated with Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheiropoieta" title="Acheiropoieta">acheiropoieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200229#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200229#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200229#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/189456527">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/86151776744918011091">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/216125/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118808710">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20090511013&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1417864">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mpr7xt5rrt5r5">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810583771405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/45073">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007286121905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118808710.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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